<32375FC0CCBFCFC8F12DBDC3B0A3B0E6B0FABFA120B5FBB8A520C1F6BFACBCBAB1D9C5EBC1F52E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "<32375FC0CCBFCFC8F12DBDC3B0A3B0E6B0FABFA120B5FBB8A520C1F6BFACBCBAB1D9C5EBC1F52E687770>"

Transcription

1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 6 pp , 이완희 1*, 조기훈 1, 이경숙 1, 김미화 1 1 삼육대학교물리치료학과 Medial Gastrocnemius Ultrasound Imaging of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness over time Wan-Hee Lee 1*, Ki-Hun Cho 1, Kyoung-Suk Lee 1 and Mi-Hwa Kim 1 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University 요약본연구의목적은지연성근통증에대한내측비복근초음파영상의측정도구로서의가능성에대해알아보고자함에있다. 본연구는 2011년 4월 21일부터 4월30일까지실시되었다. 평소규칙적인운동을하지않으며, 최근외상의경험, 근골격계질환, 심혈관계질환이없고약물을복용하지않는 35명의건강한성인이참여하였다. 대상자들은 5시간의등반을통해지연성근통증을유발하였으며, 지연성근통증전과지연성근통증후 24, 48, 72시에통증 (visual analogue scale :VAS), 혈중크레아틴키나아제 (creatine kinase: CK) 활성도, 족저굴곡근의최대근수축력 (maximal voluntary isometric contraction: MVlC) 을측정하였고, 이측정값과초음파로측정한내측비복근의우상각을비교하였다. 연구의결과는다음과같다. 통증지표, 혈중크레아틴키나아제활성도, 족저굴곡근최대등척성근수축력에측정시기에따른유의한차이가발생하였으며 (p<0.05), 내측비복근우상각에서도측정시기에따른유의한차이가발생하였다 (p<0.05). 또한변수간측정시기에따른변화의흐름이일치하는것을확인하였다. 본연구를통해초음파검사를통한내측비복근우상각의시간경과에따른변화측정이지연성근통증을감지하는새로운측정방법으로사용될수있을것이라생각한다. Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether medial gastrocnemius ultrasound imaging of the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) has the possibilities as a measurement method. This study was conducted from April 21th 2011 to April 30th Thirty-five healthy subjects were included based on the absence of regular physical activity, and no history of recent trauma, musculoskeletal pathology, cardiovascular disease or drug intake. All subjects induced DOMS through climbing for 5 hours and we measured the visual analogue scale (VAS), creatine kinase (CK) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVlC) of ankle plantar flexor prior to DOMS and at 24, 48 and 72 hours post DOMS and these measurements were compared with pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius measured by ultrasound imaging. Results of this study were as following. VAS, CK, and MVIC of ankle plantar flexor were found significant difference related measurement period (p<0.05) and pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius were found significant difference related measurement period (p<0.05). Furthermore, we confirmed that the flow of change between variables related measurment period was consistent. Through this study, we think that measuring the changes in pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius over time using ultrasound imaging will be able to be used as a new method measuring DOMS. Key Words : Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Creatine Kinase, Pennation angle, Ultrasound image 본논문은 2011년삼육대학교교내학술연구비지원에의해수행되었음. * Corresponding Author : Wan-Hee Lee Tel: whlee@syu.ac.kr 접수일 12년 03월 13일수정일 (1차 12년 04월 03일, 2차 12년 04월 27일 ) 게재확정일 12년 06월 07일 2632

2 1. 서론 운동으로유발된근육손상이라고도알려진지연성근통증은일반적으로장기간의신체적활동이나, 익숙하지않은운동그리고정상한계를넘어선훈련으로발생하게된다 [1]. 지연성근통증은스포츠선수에있어개인적인기록에영향을미칠수있는스포츠상해의가장일반적인재발형태중하나로많이알려져있지만, 과도한근육사용후모든사람들에게발생이가능한증상이다 [2]. 근섬유가짧아지면서수축하는경우보다늘어나면서수축하는경우에근섬유와결합조직의열상이쉽게발생하기때문에지연성근통증은주로저항을부과한상태의단축성수축 (concentric contraction) 보다는신장성수축 (eccentric contraction) 운동시더욱심하게나타난다 [3]. 지연성근통증은운동생리학, 스포츠, 재활등의연구분야에서많은관심을받아다양한연구가진행되어왔으며 [4], 증상에대한발생메커니즘 [5-7], 치료적중재방법과예방전략 [8-12] 에관해다양한조사가이루어졌다. 발생기전으로운동중허혈또는대사노폐물에의해통증과근경련을발생시킨다는이론 [5] 과익숙하지않은운동후근섬유내국소적인퇴행성변화가나타나고, 운동직후근섬유의증가에영향을미치는생화학적변화가근섬유내의 Z-선들의배열을깨뜨려결국근필라멘트조직의와해를야기한다는이론이있다 [6]. 또한 Stauber[7] 는신장성수축동안근육은신전과수축이동시에발생하게되는데, 이때가해지는부하가근육의저항범위를초과하면근육은강제적으로길이가늘어나게되며, 결과적으로활성운동단위보다더큰장력이발생하게되어근건접합부위에손상을받게된다고하였다. 지연성근통증의발생으로나타나는팽윤 (swelling) 과둔한느낌의통증, 근력의감소와근육경직등의증상은일상생활활동에영향을미치기때문에 [9], 증상의완화를위한마사지 [11], 수치료 [10], 전신진동법 [12] 등치료적중재방법에관한연구들이진행되어왔다. Zainuddin[11] 등은 10명의건강한성인을대상으로주관절굴곡근에지연성근통증을유발한후마사지를적용한결과, CK 활성도와팽윤에효과적이며근력과관절가동범위에는효과가없는것으로보고하였는데, 마사지를통한혈액흐름의증가가산소나근손상회복을위한구성요소의이동에도움을주기는하나그효과가충분하지않았을것이라하였으며, Vaile[10] 등은지연성근통증유발후냉수욕, 온수욕, 대조욕등의수치료를적용한결과, 온수욕역시지연성근통증의등척성수축력의회복을위한중재방법이될수있음을보고하였다. 또한지연성근통증의예방법으로진동운동에대한연구가보고 되고있다. 진동운동은많은연구에서긍정적인효과를보고하고있으며, 특히고령자에게적용했을경우긍적적인효과를나타내는것으로알려지고있다 [13]. Aminian-Far[12] 등은신장성수축운동전무릎을 100 굴곡한상태에서 60초간의전신진동 (whole-body vibration) 이지연성근통증을감소시켜근육기능의향상에효과적임을보고하였으며, 다른연구에서는신장성수축운동후근육손상이있는대상자에게도 10분간 20hz 강도의진동이근육의회복속도를향상시켰다고보고하였다 [14]. 지연성근통증의회복을위한다양한중재방법을적용한후변화양상을정확하게평가하기위해서다양한방법들이사용되어왔으나, 지연성근통증을측정하는데사용되는측정도구와방법사이에변화의폭이크기때문에계량화하기에어려움이있다 [4]. 증상의변화양상을파악하기위해대부분의연구에서주로 visual analog scale (VAS) 를사용하였으나 [10] 이는객관적인측정법이아닌주관적인측정법이기때문에결과에대한해석에있어모호한점이있다. 또한근육의생체조직절편검사나혈중단백질수치가지연성근통증의표준측정방법으로간주되기도하나일부조사에의하면혈중단백질수치와측정의기술적인방법에따라변이성을가질수있고, 개인별오차와측정오류가발생할수있어신뢰성에대한문제가제기될수있음을지적하였으며 [2, 15], 지연성근통증의증상을평가하는여러방법중가장이상적이라고합의된방법이없어측정방법에대한논란이계속되고있다 [2]. 따라서본연구에서는최근골격근내부구조의특성과변화를관찰하기위해활발하게사용되고있는실시간초음파검사를통하여신장성수축으로발생된지연성근통증의시간경과에따른변화를측정하여지연성근통증에대한새로운측정도구로서의가능성을알아보아지연성근통증의적절한중재에대한기초자료를제공하고자한다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구대상및연구절차 본연구는서울의 S 대학교에재학중인대학생 41명을대상으로하였다. 선정대상은신경근육계손상의증후나장애가없는자, 실험기간동안하지를직업적으로많이사용하지않는자, 실험하고자하는부위에최근개방성상처및염증성질환이없는자, 심혈관계질환이없는자, 실험중약물을복용하지않는자로하였으며, 실 2633

3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 6 호, 2012 험전규칙적으로등산에참여한자는실험대상에서제외하였다. 대상자들에게지연성근통증을유발하기위해북한산백운대를등반하였다. 대상자들은북한산성탐방지원센터에서출발하여대서문과등운각을거쳐백운대정상까지오른후같은길로하산하였다. 왕복거리는 6.8km로총 5시간이소요되었다. 대상자들은실험기간동안어떠한스포츠나여가활동에도참여하지않았으며, 대상자들에게등반시최대한비슷한운동량을제공하기위해일정한속도로한그룹으로이동하였고, 등산중 3 회, 하산중 3회휴식하였다. 대상자들의안전과동일한운동량제공을위해 3명의보조자가등산의모든과정에참여하였으며, 매휴식시간은 5분으로하여모든대상자들에게공통으로적용하였다. 본연구는적외선열촬영을통한지연성근통증의측정도구로서의가능성을조사하기위해 41명의건강한성인을대상으로한선행연구 [16] 에따라최초 41명의대상자를모집하였으나, 실험기간중 4명의대상자가스포츠활동에참여하여제외하였으며, 2명이등반과정에서발목관절염좌로탈락하여총 35명의대상자가최종적으로연구에참여하였다. 모든대상자들은등산을시작하기 24 시간전과등산후 24시, 48시, 72시간후총 4회에걸쳐혈액검사, 통증, 족저굴곡근의최대등척성수축력 (MVIC), 초음파영상을통한내측비복근의우상각 (pennation angle) 을측정하였다. 연구대상자의일반적인특성과등산 24시간전변수들의평균값은다음과같다 [ 표 1]. [ 표 1] 대상자의일반적특성 [Table 1] Characteristics of the subjects Variables mean (standard deviation) Clinical characteristics Sex 18/17 * Height ( cm ) (8.35) Weight ( kg ) (10.25) Age (yrs) (2.62) Muscle damage indicators CK (U/L) (42.16) VAS (scores) 0 MVIC ( kg ) (3.24) Pennation angle ( ) (6.13) CK: creatine kinase VAS: visual analogue scale MVIC: maximal voluntary isometric contraction * male/female (N=35) 등산후 24시간에측정한혈액검사에서 CK 활성도가증가한경우만을지연성근통증이유발되었다고판단하였 다 [17]. 실험의참여여부를결정하기전에모든대상자들에게연구의내용을설명하였고, 실험참가여부를결정하기위해필요한모든질문에충분히대답하였다. 또한본실험에참여함으로제공되는보상이없음과실험참여를결정하였어도언제든지자유롭게중단할수있음을설명하였다. 모든설명후참가동의서를받았으며 S 대학연구진흥위원회의연구윤리강령을준수하여승인을얻었다. 2.2 측정도구및측정방법 근손상지표측정본연구에서는등산을통해유발된지연성근통증으로인한근손상지표의변화를알아보기위해통증, 혈중 CK 활성도, 족저굴곡근의최대등척성수축력을측정하였다. 통증의변화는 VAS(visual analogue scale) 로알아보았다. VAS는 0점부터 10점까지로, 통증이없는상태를 0, 참을수없는정도의통증을 10으로정의하여대상자본인이직접기입하였다. CK 활성도는무산소신진대사의가장주요한효소이며, 건강한성인의근육손상여부를판단하는간접적지표로사용되고있다. CK 활성도검사를위해서울소재 S대학병원임상병리사가상완정맥 (ante-cubital vein) 에서혈액을 5cc 채취하였다. 채혈된혈액은원심분리기를사용하여 3000rpm으로 10분간원심분리하고혈장을분리한후생화학분석기 (Hitachi 7020, Japan) 를이용하여분석하였다. 최대등척성수축력측정을위해도수근력검사기 (Manual Muscle Tester, Model 01163, Lafayette, USA, 2003) 를사용하였다. 도수근력검사기는고강도에서 0.2kg단위로 0~136.1kg범위까지측정가능하며, 저강도에서 0.1kg단위로 kg범위까지측정이가능하고, 측정의오차는 ±1% 이다. 대상자는엎드려누운상태로발바닥의원위부에압력판을대고 최대한의힘으로미세요 라는구령에따라족관절중립위치 (90 ) 에서최대등척성수축하였다. 1회연습후 3회반복측정하여평균값을기록하였다 우상각측정우상각측정을위한초음파영상수집은 Accuvix V 10 Version 1.0, 주파수 5MHz (2010, Korea) 의선형도자를사용하였다. 대상자를편안하게엎드리게한후무릎을편상태에서발바닥의원위부에도수근력검사기의압력판을대고최대한으로발목을등척성수축할때내측비복근의상층막 (superior aponeurosis) 과하층막 (inferior aponeurosis) 사이에위치하고있는섬유속 (fascicle) 을확인한후이섬유속과하층막이이루는우상각을초음파 2634

4 영상에저장한후 caliper 프로그램을통하여각도를측정하였다. 영상을촬영하는동안대상자는침대에엎드려무릎관절을편상태로종아리가침대모서리밖으로나오게하였다 [18]. caliper 프로그램을통한 calibration 과정은대상자가족관절을최대등척성수축하는동안영상에나타나는내측비복근의하층막과일치하는선을긋고, 근육의수축정도에따라달라지는섬유속을따라선을그어두선을연결하여자동적으로각도를측정하였다 [ 그림 1]. [ 그림 1] 내측비복근우상각측정 [Fig. 1] Measurement of medial gastrocnemius pennation angle 초음파촬영을위해선형도자는내측비복근의근위부건부착부와원위부건부착부의중간지점과비복근의내외측근복 (muscle belly) 중간지점에위치하였으며, 이때근섬유가눌려영상을흐리게하는것을방지하기위해선형도자와피부와의압력을최소화하여우상각이가장선명하게보일때의영상을저장한후측정하였다 [19]. 또한측정시초음파선형도자위치의변화로발생할수있는오차를최소화하기위해측정모습을비디오로촬영하여재교육한후실시하였다. 초음파촬영에관한검사자내신뢰도는 r= , 검사자간신뢰도는 r= 이다 [20]. 2.3 자료분석 모든자료분석은 SPSS 17.0을사용하였다. 대상자의일반적특성과종속변수의평균값은기술통계를사용하였고, 등산으로유발된지연성근통증에의한근손상지표와내측비복근우상각의시간에따른변화를알아보기위해 One-way repeated measure ANOVA를실시하였다. 시간에따른통계적차이가있을경우구체적인확인을위해사후검증 (LSD) 을실시하였으며, 모든통계의유의수준은 0.05로설정하였다. 3. 결과 3.1 근손상지표의변화 지연성근통증에의한근손상지표의변화를알아보기위해지연성근통증유발 24시간전과유발후 24시, 48 시, 72시간총 4회의혈중 CK 활성도, 자각통증정도, 족저굴곡근의최대등척성수축력을측정하여변화를알아보았다. 시간경과에따른 CK 활성도에유이한차이의증가가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과유발전 24 시에비해유발후 24시와 48시에유의한증가가있었으며 (p<0.05), 자각통증정도에서도시간경과에따른유의한차이의증가가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과유발전 24시에비해유발후 24시, 48시, 72시에유의한증가가있었다. 또한시간경과에따른최대등척성수축력에도유의한차이의감소가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과유발전 24시에비해유발후 24시, 48시, 72시에유의한감소가있었다 (p<0.05)[ 표 2]. 이결과를통해지연성근통증이시간경과에따라근손상지표 ( 혈중 CK 활성도, 자각통증정도, 족저굴곡근의최대등척성수축력 ) 에영향을미침을확인할수있었다 3.2 내측비복근우상각의변화지연성근통증에의한내측비복근우상각의변화를알아보기위해지연성근통증유발 24시간전과유발후 24 시, 48시, 72시간총 4회내측비복근의우상각을측정하여변화를알아보았다. 우상각에시간경과에따른유의한차이의감소가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과유발전 24시에비해유발후 24시, 48시에유의한감소가나타났다 (p<0.05)[ 표 3]. 이결과를통해지연성근통증이시간경과에따라내측비복근의우상각에영향을미침을확인할수있었다. 3.3 지연성근통증후 MVIC, VAS, 내측비복근우상각의시간경과에따른변화시간에따른내측비복근우상각의변화흐름이족저굴곡근의최대등척성수축과같은변화양상을나타내었으며, 통증과반대되는변화양상을나타내었다 [ 그림 2]. 이결과를통해지연성근통증감지를위한내측비복근의생체내평가의가능성을확인할수있었다. 2635

5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 6 호, 2012 [ 표 2] 근손상지표의변화 [Table 2] Changes in muscle damage indicators (N=35) Variables -24h (a) 24h (b) 48h (c) 72h (d) F P post-hoc contrasts Muscle damage indicators CK (U/L) (42.16) * (102.25) (86.98) (81.55) <.001 ab, ac VAS (scores) (1.84) 2.45 (1.88) 0.82 (1.09) <.001 ab, ac, ad MVIC ( kg ) (3.24) (2.75) (1.96) (1.67) <.001 ab, ac, ad -24h: 24 hours prior to DOMS, 24h: 24 hours after DOMS, 48h: 48 hours after DOMS, 72h: 72 hours after DOMS, CK: creatine kinase, VAS: visual analogue scale, MVIC: maximal voluntary isometric contraction, ab: significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 24 hours after DOMS, ac: significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 48 hours after DOMS, ad: significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 72 hours after DOMS, * mean (standard deviation), by One-way repeated measure ANOVA [ 표 3] 내측비복근우상각의변화 [Table 3] Changes in pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius (N=35) post-hoc Variables -24h (a) 24h (b) 48h (c) 72h (d) F P contrasts P-angle ( ) (6.13) * (5.16) (5.20) (6.58) <.001 ab, ac -24h: 24 hours prior to DOMS, 24h: 24 hours after DOMS, 48h: 48 hours after DOMS, 72h: 72 hours after DOMS, P-angle: pennation angle, ab: significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 24 hours after DOMS, ac: significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 48 hours after DOMS, * mean (standard deviation), by One-way repeated measure ANOVA 4. 논의 -24h: 24 hours prior to DOMS, 24h: 24 hours after DOMS, 48h: 48 hours after DOMS, 72h: 72 hours after DOMS, MVIC: maximal voluntary isometric contraction, VAS: visual analogue scale, * significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 24 hours after DOMS, ** significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 48 hours after DOMS, *** significant difference between 24 hours prior to DOMS and 72 hours after DOMS [ 그림 2] 지연성근통증후 MVIC, VAS, 내측비복근우상각의시간경과에따른변화 [Fig. 2] Changes over time in MVIC, VAS and pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius after DOMS 익숙하지못한운동이나과도한운동은지연성근통증을초래할수있으며, 이는종종일상생활동작이나컨디션조절에큰걸림돌이되기때문에지연성근통증을정확히평가하고예방하기위한다양한연구들이진행되어왔다 [21]. 하지만지연성근통증을측정할수있는안전하고간편한평가방법이부족하여측정방법에대한논란은계속되고있는실정이다. 신장성수축운동후근력소실측정과혈중 CK활성도측정은근육손상의간접적인측정으로높은신뢰성과타당성을가지며, 특히지연성근통증유발후근력에유의한감소가나타난다고알려져있다 [22]. 근력소실의기전이명확하게밝혀지지는않았지만힘을생산하기위한근육의고유용적수축단위의손상과통증인식으로인한이차적요인때문이라보고되고있다 [23]. 즉근통증에대한지각의증가는근수축을방해하고, 근수축의감소는일상생활활동과같은기능적움직임이나컨디션조절에걸림돌로작용하게된다 [24]. 따라서임상에서는지연성근통증의평가를위해통증과혈중 CK농도, 근력을주로평가한다. 근육의수축은건의움직임을생산하고이는관절의움직임을만들어낸다. 근수축을직접적으로관찰할수없 2636

6 기때문에관절의움직임을통하여생체내기능의평가를대신하여왔으며, 관절의움직임은근육의내부요소뿐만아니라해부학적요소나관절의구성요소에영향을받기때문에근수축을관절의움직임만으로설명하는것을불가능하다고여겨졌다 [25]. 하지만본래질환의진단을목적으로사용되어온실시간초음파검사를통하여골격근섬유의크기나두께, 섬유형태등내부구조의특성과기능분석이가능해졌으며 [26], 최근엔근골격계질환뿐만아니라다양한신경손상환자의근기계적성질과근내부구조의변화를평가하기위한목적으로도사용되고있다 [27]. 근수축의정도는근두께가두꺼워지고, 근섬유의길이가짧아지며, 우상각이커짐에따라증가하기때문에 [26], 지연성근통증으로인해근수축력이감소하면이러한근수축발생요소의변화가원인으로작용할가능성이높다. 따라서본연구에서는비혈관검사로검사시간이짧으며, 방사선의위험이없고, 다른진단영상검사와비교하여상대적으로비용이저렴한실시간초음파검사 [28] 를통하여지연성근통증유발후내측비복근의우상각을측정하여유발전 24시유발후 24시, 48시, 72시의시간경과에따른변화양상을관찰하고, 임상에서지연성근통증을측정하기위해흔히사용되는 VAS, CK 활성도, MVIC를함께측정하여시간경과에따른변화를비교분석하였다. 연구결과시간경과에따른 VAS에유의한차이의증가가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시하였으며지연성근통증유발전 24시에비해유발후 24, 48, 72시에유의한차이의증가가있었고 (p<0.05), 혈중 CK 활성도에서도시간경과에따른유의한차이의증가가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과지연성근통증유발전 24시에비해유발후 24, 48시에유의한차이의증가가있었다 (p<0.05). 또한족저굴곡근의 MVIC에서도시간경과에따라유의한차이의감소가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과지연성근통증유발전 24시에비해유발후 24, 48, 72시에유의한차이의감소가있었다 (p<0.05). 특히 VAS, CK 활성도, 족저굴곡근의 MVIC 모두지연성근통증유발후 24 48시간에가장큰폭의증가를나타내어지연성근통증이운동후 8 10시간내에발생하여 24 48시간에최고조에달하며, 5 7일후에는증상들이서서히가라앉기시작하여 8 10일후완전히사라지게된다 [29] 는선행연구와일치하는결과를나타내었다. Al-Nakhli 등 [16] 의 41명의건강한성인을대상으로주관절굴곡근에신장성수축운동을실시하여지연성근통증을유발한연구에서도본연구의결과와일치하는결과로 VAS와혈중미토콘트리아농도의변화폭이운동후 48시간에가장크게나타났다. 또한이연구에서는신체 온도가염증이나감염, 기능이상으로변화한다는점 [30] 에착안하여여러질환의감별과진단에사용되어오던적외선열촬영을지연성근통증의측정방법으로사용하여피부온도변화를측정하였으며운동후 24시에서피부온도가가장상승된것을확인하였다. 또한지연성근통증유발 72시간후에는통증과적외선촬영을통한피부온도변화사이에유의한상관성을확인할수없었으나, 48 시간후에서통증과적외선촬영을통한피부온도변화사이의유의한상관성을확인하였다. 이를통해적외선촬영이지연성근통증의또다른측정방법이될수있을것이라보고하였으며, 지연성근통증측정을위한다양한측정방법의필요성을강조하였다. 근육의기계적성질변화는근섬유의길이 (fascicle length), 우상각 (pennation angle), 근두께 (muscle thickness) 와같은근내부구조의변화와밀접한관련이있다 [27]. 그중우상각은힘을발생시키는방향을나타내는근막에대한근섬유의경사진정도를각도로표시하는데, 이각도는안정시보다수축시더커지게된다. 골격근수축시근섬유의길이가감소되면서해부학적근단면적, 우상각이증가되어최대힘생성을증가시키는원인으로작용하기때문에여러근육에서발생되는장력을추정하는중요한요소로사용한다 [25]. 특히비복근은보행이이루어지는동안관상면에서하지의움직임을발생하는가장중요한족저굴곡근중하나로, 말기입각기에슬관절에안정성과수동적인신전력을제공하고, 보행하는동안발과무릎의움직임을연결하여수직선상의추진력을제공하는중요한근육이므로 [31] 많은연구에서근내부구조의측정시사용되어왔다. Gao 등 [27] 연구에서근육은우상각의각도의크기에따라건에전달되어근력을발생시키는데, 뇌졸중환자는근위축으로인해우상각이작아지기때문에발생되는근력또한작아져정상성인에비해근력과우상각에유의한감소가나타난다고보고하였으며, Manal 등 [32] 의정상성인의평균우상각을알아보기위한연구에서수축시내측비복근평균우상각은남성이 34.6, 여성이 27.3 로유의한차이가있었으며, 우세측과비우세측간에유의한차이가없는것으로보고되었다. 본연구의지연성근통증감별을위한실시간초음파검사를통한우상각측정결과에서시간경과에따른유의한차이의감소가있어 (p<0.05), 사후검증을실시한결과지연성근통증유발전 24시에비해유발후 24, 48시에유의한차이의감소가나타났다 (p<0.05). 또한 VAS와 CK활성도는지연성근통증유발후 24시에가장큰증가를나타낸반면, MVIC와우상각은지연성근통증유발후 48시에가장큰감소를나타내었다 [ 그림 2]. 생화학적 2637

7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 6 호, 2012 으로손상된부위의대식세포가조직손상후 24 48시간사이에주로침투하며 [33], 운동후조직손상이나염증이있을경우근섬유의반응속도가느려지기때문에 VAS와 CK활성도는지연성근통증유발후 24시부터회복하기시작한반면근섬유의수축과관련된우상각과 MVIC는지연성근통증유발후 48시부터회복을시작한것으로생각한다 [34, 35]. 본연구는내측비복근우상각의실시간초음파검사를통하여신장성수축으로발생된지연성근통증의시간경과에따른변화를측정하여지연성근통증에대한새로운측정도구로서의가능성을알아보고자하였으며, 연구결과시간에따른내측비복근우상각의변화가선행연구에서지연성근통증의평가를위해사용되어온 VAS, 혈중 CK 농도, MVIC와같은변화양상을나타내었다. 이를통해내측비복근의우상각측정을통한지연성근통증의새로운측정도구로서의가능성을짐작할수있었으며, 특히실시간초음파는측정시통증이없고간편하며빠르게검사를진행할수있어비침습적이며보다안전하고빠른지연성근통증의새로운측정방법으로사용될수있을것이라생각한다. 본연구의제한점으로대상자들이실험기간동안스포츠나여가활동에참여하지않았으나, 그외일상생활활동을모두통제하지는못하였으며, 지연성근통증을유발하지않은대조군이없어군간변화량에대한비교분석을실시하지못하였다. 또한초음파를통한영상분석은우상각외에도근섬유길이, 근두께등의변수가있으므로추후연구에서는근섬유길이, 근두께등의변수들을통하여지연성근통증후시간경과에따른변화양상을살펴보아야할것이며, 다양한중재방법에따른초음파영상의변화를확인하는연구가진행되어야할것이라생각한다. 5. 결론 본연구는실시간초음파로내측비복근의우상각을검사하여신장성수축으로발생된지연성근통증의시간경과에따른변화를측정함으로지연성근통증에대한새로운측정도구로서의가능성을알아보고자하였다. 연구결과내측비복근의우상각에시간경과에따른유의한감소가있었고, 사후검증결과지연성근통증유발전에비해유발후 24시와 48시에유의한감소가확인되었으며, 이는선행연구와본연구에서지연성근통증을측정하기위해사용된 VAS, 혈중 CK농도, MVIC의시간경과에따른변화흐름과일치하는결과였다. 따라서실시간초음파검사를통한내측비복근우상각측정이지연성근통증에대 한새로운측정방법으로사용될수있을것이라생각한다. References [1] Howatson G, van Someren KA. "The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage", Sports Medicine, Vol. 38 No. 6, pp , [2] Petrofsky J, Batt J, Bollinger JN. Jensen MC, Maru EH, Al-Nakhli HH. "Comparison of different heat modalities for treating delayed-onset muscle soreness in people with diabetes", Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, Vol. 13 No. 6, pp , [3] Darr KC, Schultz E. "Exercise-induced satellite cell activation in growing and mature skeletal muscle", Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 63 No. 5, pp , [4] Warren GL, Lowe DA, Armstrong RB. "Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury", Sports Medicine, Vol. 27 No. 31, pp , [5] Friden J, Sjostrom M, Ekblom B. "Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man", International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp , [6] Newham DJ, Mills KR, Quigley BM, Edwards RH. "Pain and fatigue after concentric and eccentric muscle contractions", Clinical Science (London), Vol. 64 No. 1, pp , [7] Stauber WT. "Eccentric action of muscles: physiology, injury, and adaptation", Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Vol. 17, pp , [8] Hilbert JE, Sforzo GA, Swensen T. "The effects of massage on delayed onset muscle soreness", British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp , [9] Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, Nicol A, Hinman R. "Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomized controlled trial", British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 41 No. 6, pp , [10] Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, Dawson B. "Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness", European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 102 No. 4, pp , [11] Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nosaka K. "Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function", Journal of Athletic 2638

8 Training, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp , [12] Aminian-Far A, Hadian MR, Olyaei G, Talebian S, Bakhtiary AH. "Whole-body vibration and the prevention and treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness", Journal of Athletic Training, Vol. 46 No. 1, pp 43-49, [13] Jae Jong BYUN, Kyung Jin LEE, "The effect of Whole Body Vibration on Physical Functions in Elderly persons : A Quantitative Review", Journal of Coaching Development, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp , [14] Hyun Ho SONG, Joo Young KIM, Chul Hyun LEE, Jooh yung LEE, "The Effect of Local Vibration Treatment on Muscle Damage Parameters Following Exercise-Induced Muscle", Journal of Coaching Development, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp , [15] Clarkson PM, Ebbeling C. "Investigation of serum creatine kinase variability after muscle-damaging exercise", Clinical Science (Lond), Vol. 75 No. 3, pp , [16] Al-Nakhli HH, Petrofsky JS, Laymon MS, Berk LS. "The use of thermal infra-red imaging to detect delayed onset muscle soreness", Journal of Visualized Experiments, Vol. 22 No. 59, [17] Clarkson PM, Hubal MJ. "Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans", American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 81 No. 11 Suppl, pp. S52-69, [18] Raj IS, Bird SR, Shield AJ. Reliability of ultrasonographic measurement of the architecture of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis muscles in older adults, Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Vol. 32 No. 1 pp , [19] Legerlotz K, Smith HK, Hing WA. Variation and reliability of ultrasonographic quantification of the architecture of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in young children, Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Vol. 30 No. 5 pp , [20] Koski JM, Saarakkala S, Helle M, Hakulinen U, Heikkinen JO, Hermunen H et al., "Assessing the intraand inter-reader reliability of dynamic ultrasound images in power Doppler ultrasonography", Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol. 65 No. 12, pp , [21] Bakhtiary AH, Safavi-Farokhi Z, Aminian-Far A. "Influence of vibration on delayed onset of muscle soreness following eccentric exercise", British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp , [22] Warren, G. L., Lowe, D. A., & Armstrong, R. B. "Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury", Sports Medicine, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp , [23] Newham, D. J. The consequences of eccentric contractions and their relationship to delayed onset muscle pain, European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, Vol. 57 No. 3, pp , [24] Cleak, M. J, Eston, R. G, "Muscle soreness, swelling, stiffness and strengthe loss after intense eccentric exercise", British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp , [25] Fukunaga T, Kawakami Y, Kuno S, Funato K, Fukashiro S. "Muscle architecture and function in humans", Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp , [26] Narici MV, Maganaris CN, Reeves ND, Capodaglio P. "Effect of aging on human muscle architecture", Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 95 No. 6, pp , [27] Gao F, Grant TH, Roth EJ, Zhang LQ. "Changes in passive mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle at the muscle fascicle and joint levels in stroke survivors", Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 90 No. 5, pp , [28] Chi-Fishman G, Hicks JE, Cintas HM, Sonies BC, Gerber LH. "Ultrasound imaging distinguishes between normal and weak muscle", Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 85 No. 6, pp , [29] Zhang J, Clement D, Taunton J. "The efficacy of Farabloc, an electromagnetic shield, in attenuating delayed-onset muscle soreness", Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp , [30] Jiang LJ, Ng EY, Yeo AC, Wu S, Pan F, Yau WY et al. "A perspective on medical infrared imaging", Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp , [31] Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Zajac FE. "Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking", Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 34 No. 11, pp , [32] Manal K, Roberts DP, Buchanan TS. "Optimal pennation angle of the primary ankle plantar and dorsiflexors: variations with sex, contraction intensity, and limb", Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Vol

9 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 6 호, 2012 No. 4, pp , [33] Smith LL. "Acute inflammation: the underlying mechanism in delayed onset muscle soreness?", Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp , [34] Brancaccio P, Lippi G, Maffulli N. "Biochemical markers of muscular damage" Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 48 No. 6, pp , [35] Neubauer O, Konig D, Wagner KH. "Recovery after an Ironman triathlon: sustained inflammatory responses and muscular stress", European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 104 No. 3, pp , 이경숙 (Kyoung-Suk Lee) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 물리치료, 노인재활 2010 년 2 월 : 삼육대학교대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2010 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 삼육대학교일반대학원물리치료학과박사과정 이완희 (Wan-Hee Lee) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 근골격계노인재활 1997 년 2 월 : 연세대학교보건대학원 ( 재활보건학석사 ) 2005 년 2 월 : 한양대학교의학대학원 ( 의학박사 ) 1990 년 3 월 ~ 1999 년 8 월 : 서울대학교병원재활의학과 1999 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 삼육대학교물리치료학과교수 김미화 (Mi-Hwa Kim) [ 정회원 ] 2011년 2월 : 삼육대학교일반대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2011년 2월 ~ 현재 : 삼육대학교일반대학원물리치료학과박사과정중 2008년 3월 ~ 2008년 12월 : 중랑구보건소방문보건팀근무 2009년 7월 ~ 현재 : 원진녹색병원재활치료센터근무 < 관심분야 > 뇌졸중재활, 신경계물리치료 조기훈 (Ki-Hun Cho) [ 정회원 ] 2010 년 2 월 : 삼육대학교일반대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2010 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 삼육대학교일반대학원물리치료학과박사과정 2006 년 1 월 ~ 2006 년 11 월 : 한양대학교구리병원물리치료실근무 2006 년 11 월 ~ 현재 : 서울특별시북부병원근무 < 관심분야 > 뇌졸중재활, 신경물리치료 2640

11-19스포츠과학 145호 내지.indd

11-19스포츠과학 145호 내지.indd 출처: 아이클릭아트 스포츠과학 신체활동 후 회복방법 박지홍 경희대학교 체육대학 스포츠의학과 교수 관절부상과 경기력향상에 관심 jihong.park@khu.ac.kr 신체활동과 피로의 연속성 신체활동(운동)의 중요한 원리 중 하나는 연속성입니다. 규칙적으로 반복된 자극(트레이닝)이 주어졌 을 때 그 자극을 극복하는 과정을 운동 적응(exercise adaptation)이라고

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd https simtk.org,, sanghyuk0620@kspo.or.kr.... 48 SPORT SCIENCE . 33 55% 1 2 Iwamoto and Takeda 2003 3 1 3.......?... 4 SPORT SCIENCE 1. 2 3 12 16 3 6.. 5 strain gauge. 1970. 6 1) Brukner, P., Bradshaw,

More information

278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 )

278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 ) 여성경찰관의직업윤리의식결정요인분석 * An Analysis of Determinantal Factors Influencing Professional Ethical Standards of South Korean Police Women 신문희 ** 이영민 *** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 Ⅰ. 서론 278 경찰학연구제 12

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.71~82 December 2008 71 류마티스 관절염의 재활치료 오 기 영 순천향 대학교 의과대학 재활의학교실 Rehabilitation Interventions for the Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Ki-Young Oh Department

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016)

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016) Sang Jun Kim, MD, PhD Application of 3D Printing in the Orthotic Fields Hallux Valgus, Charcot Marie Tooth, ADL Kit, Foot Insole, Wrist Pain, Foot Drop Development of Automated Program for Ankle Foot Orthosis

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

main.hwp

main.hwp 열화상 측정기를 이용한 안마의자의 인체 영향 평가 박세진, 구준모, 이현자 한국표준과학연구원 생활계측그룹 Evaluation of Massage Chair Effect on Human Body using Infrared Imaging/Radiometric Camera Se Jin Park, Jun Mo Koo, Hyun Ja Lee Human L ife Measurement

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 276), 504511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.504 ISSN 1226-3133 Print)ISSN 2288-226X Online) Near-Field

More information

2

2 에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 10, Number 1, March 2011 : pp. 1~24 국내화력발전산업에대한연료와자본의대체성분석 1 2 3 ~ 4 5 F F P F P F ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln 6 ln ln ln ln ln 7 ln

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr

May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a

조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a 조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a) b) 조사연구 주제어 패널조사 횡단면가중치 종단면가중치 선형혼합모형 일반화선형혼 합모형

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

<323920B1E8B0E6C0B12DB3FAC1B9C1DF20C8AFC0DABFA1BCAD20C1D6B0FCC0FD2E687770>

<323920B1E8B0E6C0B12DB3FAC1B9C1DF20C8AFC0DABFA1BCAD20C1D6B0FCC0FD2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 12 pp. 5867-5874, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.12.5867 뇌졸중환자에서주관절각도변화에따른상완이두근의근구조및탄성변화에관한연구 배세현 1, 정찬주 2, 김경윤 3*

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

V V V α Azam, M. Z. M. & Park, Dong-Ho (2012). The relationship between Digit Ratio(2D:4D) and Physical Fitness in Children. Journal of Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 19(1), 101-110.

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

109~120 õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á

109~120  õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á 109 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.3.109 Received : 10. 08. 13 Revised : 10. 09. 06 A Case Study Of Patients With Knee Joint Pain Treated With Rubiae Radix Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 09. 07 Key Words:

More information

다문화 가정의 부모

다문화 가정의 부모 영유아아동정신건강연구 Korean Journal for Infant Mental Health 2013, Vol. 6, No. 1, 57-84 영유아기정서및행동문제에대한 부모와일반교사의인식및지원욕구조사 - 57 - 영유아아동정신건강연구 6 권 1 호 - 58 - 영유아기정서및행동문제에대한부모와일반교사의인식및지원욕구조사 - 59 - 영유아아동정신건강연구 6 권

More information

장양수

장양수 한국문학논총 제70집(2015. 8) 333~360쪽 공선옥 소설 속 장소 의 의미 - 명랑한 밤길, 영란, 꽃같은 시절 을 중심으로 * 1)이 희 원 ** 1. 들어가며 - 장소의 인간 차 2. 주거지와 소유지 사이의 집/사람 3. 취약함의 나눔으로서의 장소 증여 례 4. 장소 소속감과 미의식의 가능성 5.

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients 1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder Soo-jin Kim PT, Sang-wook

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95

에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95 에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 95~118 학술 탄소은행제의가정용전력수요절감효과 분석 1) 2) 3) * ** *** 95 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 96 97 98 99 100 101

More information

Effects of detachable forefoot outsole angles and shapes on muscle activity of the lower extremity during downhill walking Haeng-Seob Lee, Jae-Hu Jung

Effects of detachable forefoot outsole angles and shapes on muscle activity of the lower extremity during downhill walking Haeng-Seob Lee, Jae-Hu Jung Effects of detachable forefoot outsole angles and shapes on muscle activity of the lower extremity during downhill walking Haeng-Seob Lee, Jae-Hu Jung, & Woen-Sik Chae* Kyungpook National University [Purpose]

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on Organizi Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum

More information

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 -

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 - 에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 - . - 2 - . 1. - 3 - [ 그림 1] 도시가스수요와실질 GDP 추이 - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - < 표 1>

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jul.; 27(7), 625634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.7.625 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Near-Field

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp 住居環境 韓國住居環境學會誌 第 11 卷 1 號 ( 通卷第 20 號 ) pp. 159~172 투고 ( 접수 ) 일 : 2013.02.28. 게재확정일자 : 2013.04.04. The change of housing choice by characteristics of the Baby Boomers Lee, Yong-Seok Park, Hwan-Yong Abstract

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

03±èÀçÈÖ¾ÈÁ¤ÅÂ

03±èÀçÈÖ¾ÈÁ¤Å x x x x Abstract The Advertising Effects of PPL in TV Dramas - Identificaiton by Implicit Memory-based Measures Kim, Jae - hwi(associate professor, Dept. of psychology, Chung-Ang University) Ahn,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

석사논문.PDF

석사논문.PDF ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh

More information

조사연구 aim of this study is to find main cause of the forecasting error and bias of telephone survey. We use the telephone survey paradata released by N

조사연구 aim of this study is to find main cause of the forecasting error and bias of telephone survey. We use the telephone survey paradata released by N 조사연구 권 호 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20997/sr.17.3.5 연구노트 2016 년국회의원선거전화여론조사정확성분석 Analysis of Accuracy of Telephone Survey for the 2016 National Assembly Elections 1)2) a) b) 주제어 선거여론조사 전화조사 예측오차 편향 대국회의원선거

More information