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1 스트레스硏究 : 第 6 卷第 3 號 2008 원저 일농촌지역주민에서우울증상과심박변이도의관계 한양대학교의과대학 * 신경정신과학교실및정신건강연구소, 예방의학교실 안정우 * ㆍ한창우 * ㆍ최보율 ㆍ김유미 ㆍ남정현 * ㆍ최준호 * ㆍ김석현 * The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability in a Rural Area Jung Woo Ahn*, Chang Woo Han*, Bo Yul Choi, Yu Mi Kim, Jung Hyun Nam*, Joonho Choi*, Seok Hyeon Kim* Departments of *Neuropsychiatry and Mental Health Institute, Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between HRV (heart rate variability) and depressive symptoms in general population. This study was designed to examine the correlation of HRV and depressive symptom in general rural population. Methods: In 55 participants lived in the anonymous rural area of Gyeonggi-do, Korea, they participated in health promotion program with short term electrode HRV test and BDI (Beck s depression inventory) self-report. Two participants were excluded due to fail to make out BDI and 58 participants were excluded because of some kinds of heart problems which were found after electrocardiogram and echocardiography exam of the health promotion program. We analyze HRV and BDI of remaining subjects. Results: Our results showed that SDNN (standard deviation of the normal to normal interval), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) had negative correlation with BDI score, but only pnn50 (the proportion derived by dividing the number of interval differences of successive normal to normal intervals greater than 50 ms by the total number of normal to normal intervals) had positive correlation with BDI score. Also HF, LF and RMSSD (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal intervals) are decreased by BDI severity grades increasing. Conclusion: In this findings of our study, some HRV variables seem to reflect subclinical depressive symptom severity in general rural population. (Korean J Str Res 2008;6:9 97) Key Words: HRV, BDI, Depressive symptoms 서 심박변이도 (heart rate variability, HRV) 는 963 년 Hon 과 Lee 가태아절박가사 (Fetal Distress) 전에심박동자체에는아 무변화가없지만심박동사이간격의변화가발생했다는 책임저자 : 김석현, 서울특별시성동구행당동 , 한양대학교의과대학신경정신과학교실 Tel: , shkim29@hanyang.ac.kr 접수 : 2008 년 6 월 2 일, 게재승인 : 2008 년 8 월 2 일 론 발표를한후관심을받기시작하였다 (Hon & Lee, 963). HRV는심박동간격변화를측정하는것으로이것은교감신경계와부교감신경계로이루어진자율신경계의조화를나타낸다고알려져있다 (Kim et al., 2005). 심박동사이의간격은안정을취하고있는경우에도항상변화하며특히안정상태일수록더크고복잡한형태를나타내며, 운동을하거나스트레스상태일때에는규칙적이고일정한형태를나타낸다. 따라서 HRV를통해서심혈관계의자율신경반응을측정할수있다. 또한 HRV는여러가지생리적또는병리적인상태에따 9
2 스트레스硏究 : 제 6 권제 3 호 2008 라서다양하게변화될수있다. 심장의병적인상태, 예를들어심근경색과같은상태에서변화될수있으며고혈압이나당뇨와같은질병등도영향을미칠수있다 (Ewing et al., 985). 마찬가지로정신장애나스트레스도심혈관계증상에영향을미칠수있다. 정동의변화, 불안, 정신병적증상등은혈압이나심박수등의변화와많은연관이있다. A형성격 의사람에서보이는분노반응은교감신경과신경내분비계를항진시킨다는연구도있다 (Williams et al., 982). Sloan 등 (994) 은자세, 부정적감정, 시간등을 24 시간동안주기적으로입력하게하는스트레스가 HRV 주파수분석영역변수인 LF (low frequency) 를증가시키고, HF (high frequency) 를감소시킨다고하였다. 이후외상후스트레스장애 (Cohen et al., 997), 공황장애 (Yergano et al., 993) 등과같은심리적인질환들도 HRV의변화를가져올수가있다는여러연구가발표되었다. HRV가정신적인질환들에의한신체적변화를반영한다는연구결과를바탕으로우울증과의연관성에대한연구들이진행되었다. 특히심혈관계질병에서심리적인요인의중요성은지속적으로언급되고있으며우울증은심근경색발생후의후유증혹은돌연사의중요한요인으로인정되고있어우울증과심근경색의예후와의관련성등우울증과심혈관계질병과의연관성에대한연구가지속되고있다 (Frasure-Smith et al., 993). 우울증상이 HRV의감소와연관성이있다는보고가있으며, 이것은부교감신경의활성도의저하를반영하는 HF의감소와관련된것이라고보고된바있다 (Rechlin, 994). Carney 등 (2000) 은우울증에대한인지행동치료와 SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) 사용이박출률 (Ejection Fraction) 과 HRV의개선에기여한다고보고하였고 (Glassman et al., 998) TCA (tricyclic antidepressant) 와같은심혈관계부작용이있는항우울제는 HRV를악화시킨다는연구결과도있다 (Yergani et al., 99; Yergani et al., 992). 하지만우울증환자와정상인사이에 HRV의차이가없다는결과도있어아직까지논의가필요하다 (Yergani et al., 99). 그럼에도불구하고 HRV는검사자의주관이개입될소지가적고, 비침습적이며, 비용이저렴한장점을가지고있어우울증환자들의초기진단에효과적인활용을기대할수있다 (Task force of the European society of cardiology and the North American society of pacing electrophysiology, 996). 우리나라에서는김정아등 (2003) 이 SNRI (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) 를 4개월복용한우울증환자에 서평균심박동과 SDNN (standard deviation of the normal to normal interval), RMSSD (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal intervals) 가증가되었다는보고를하였고, 이상규등 (2006) 은항우울제사용후치료반응군에서증상의개선과함께 SDNN, RMSSD, HRV index, pnn50, NN50의증가로심장리듬의반응성이호전되었다는보고를하였다. 이창수등 (2007) 은우울증환자군과정상대조군에서정서자극을주었을때두군간의 HRV 에차이가있는지를비교하였다. Visual span test를통한인지자극을준후긍정적정서자극을가하는사이에 HRV를측정하였으나, 차이를발견하지못하였다. 대부분의선행연구들은우울증으로진단된환자들을대상으로우울증상과 HRV를비교하였다. 하지만이번연구는선행연구와달리일반인구집단을대상으로하였다. 우울증상은일반인구집단을대상으로하여선별검사도구로많이활용되고있는 Beck s depression inventory (BDI) 를사용하였으며 HRV의측정값과비교분석을시도하였다. 우울증으로진단받은적이없는일반인구집단에서도 BDI 점수가높은군에서, 교감신경계가부교감신경계의활성보다더항진되어 HRV가낮을것이라는가설을세웠으며, 이를확인하고자연구를시행하였다. 재료및방법. 연구대상이연구는 2005년도 월 24일부터 2005년 월 29일까지경기도소재일개군에서시행하고있는건강증진프로그램의일환으로실시된코호트연구에서시행되었다. 지역주민중프로그램에자의로참여하기위해검진센터로내원한 55명을대상으로하였다. 참가자모두에게검사및자료사용에필요한서면동의를얻었다. 전체 55명중 BDI 검사를작성하지못한 2명과 HRV에영향을줄수있는심혈관계질환을가진 58명을심전도와심초음파검사결과로배제하여최종 명의자료를분석하였다. 심혈관계배제질환으로는 sinus bradycardia가 34명으로가장많았고다음으로 incomplete right bundle branch block 8명, complete right bundle brach block 4명의순이었다 (Table ). 92
3 안정우외 6 인 : 일농촌지역에서우울증상과심박변이도 Table. Cardiac disorders excluded with electrocardiogram and echocardiography exam. Diagnosis Atrial premature complexes Atrial fibrillation with mitral stenosis Aortic regurgitation with myocaridal ischemia Coronary artery disease with anteroseptal akinesia and ventricular premature complexes Coronary artery disease with atrial fibrillation and ventricular premature complexes Complete RBBB First AV block Incomplete RBBB Left anterior hemiblock Sinus bradycardia Left ventricular hypertrophy with strain Ventricular premature complexes Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome Total 58 RBBB: right bundle branch block, AV: atrioventricular. 2. HRV 의측정 N 연구대상자들은측정전날밤부터일반건강검진을위해금식한상태였고측정당일기상이후에는커피, 알코올, 담배등을사용하지못하도록하였다. 검사는오전 9시에서 시30분사이에이루어졌고, 온도와습도가적절하고비교적소음이차단된별도의방에서측정하였다. 먼저약 20분간대상군이편안한의자에앉아서쉬게하였으며 HRV 측정전에대상군을자극할만한특이한검사나침습적검사는하지않았다. HRV는 Laxtha사의 CANS3000 R 을이용하여 4개의패드를사지에붙이고편안한의자에앉아서 5분간심전도를측정한결과를통해얻었으며 Laxtha사의 Telescan version 2.7로분석하였다. 시간영역에서는 HRV, SDNN, RMSSD, pnn50 ( 전체 normal to normal interval들중연속된 normal to normal interval들의변이가 50 ms 이상인간격들의비 ) 으로 HRV를구하였으며주파수영역에서 TP (total power), HF, LF, VLF (very low frequency) 를구하여분석하였다. 3. BDI 의측정 연구대상자들의우울증상은 BDI로측정하였다. BDI는 967년 Beck에의해서개발된자기보고식우울증검사척도로총 2문항으로구성되어있으며이번연구에사용한 Male (N: 32) Table 2. The demographic characteristics. Sex Height Age Weight Female (N: 63) Total (N: ) Average Std. deviation Average Std. deviation Average Std. deviation 한국어판도한홍무에의해번역되어신뢰도와타당도가검증된것이다 (Han et al., 986). 참가자모두자기보고식선별검사인 BDI를작성하였다. 모든검사는숙련된조사자가 :로작성에대한충분한설명을하고작성이끝날때까지검사자와함께작성을도왔으며, 글을읽지못하는대상자에대해서는검사자가문항과문항의의미를설명하여서작성을하도록하였다. 4. 통계 SPSS version 4를이용하여분석을하였으며 Pearson 분석법으로 BDI와 HRV 변수들의연관성을조사하였다. 또한대상군을 BDI 값 0 9점을정상군으로, 0 5점을경도우울군으로, 6 23점을중등도우울군으로, 24점이상을중도우울군으로하였으며이는 Beck과한홍무등이표준화한점수평가법을따른것이다 (Beck, 967; Han et al., 986). 총 4군으로구분하여각군간비교를 ANOVA 검사법으로시행하였다. 결. 연구대상군의특성 총 명의대상자중남자가 32명 (33.68%), 여자가 63명 (66.32%) 이었다. 전체평균연령은 52.59세 (SD=9.24) 였으며남자는평균 52.53세 (SD=9.83), 여자는평균 52.7세 (SD= 9.00) 였다 (Table 2). 2. BDI 점수 BDI 점수를기준으로정상군은 4명 (43.7%), 경도우울군은 3명 (32.63%), 중등도우울군은 4명 (4.73%), 중도우울군은 9명 (9.47%) 으로나타났다 (Table 2). 과 93
4 스트레스硏究 : 제 6 권제 3 호 2008 Normal Mild depression Moderate depression Severe depression Table 3. Four groups according to BDI scores. BDI: Beck's depression inventory. (BDI score 0 9) (BDI score 0 5) (BDI score 6 23) (BDI score 24 63) N % Table 4. Correlation analysis of BDI and HRV variables SDNN pnn50 TP LF HF VLF Pearson correlation *.335*.264*.27 Sig. (2-tailed) BDI: Beck's depression inventory, HRV: heart rate variability, SDNN: standard deviation of the NN intervals, pnn50: the proportion derived by dividing the number of interval differences of successive normal to normal intervals greater than 50 ms by the total number of normal to normal intervals, TP: total power, LF: low frequency, HF: high frequency, VLF: very low frequency. *Correlation is significant at the 0.0 level (2-tailed), Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 3. HRV 와 BDI 의비교 HRV분석에서 SDNN (Pearson correlation: 0.245, p<0.05) 과 pnn50 (Pearson correlation: 0.246, p<0.05) 이시간영역에서 BDI와유의한음의상관관계를나타냈으며, 주파수영역에서는 TP (Pearson correlation: 0.273, p<0.0), LF (Pearson correlation: 0.335, p<0.0), 및 HF (Pearson correlation: 0.264, p<0.0), VLF (Pearson correlation: 0.27, p<0.05) 가모두 BDI와유의한음의상관관계를갖는것으로분석되었으며 normalized LF, normalized HF, LF/HF ratio 또한유의한결과가나타나지않았다 (Table 4). 그외시간영역으로가장유의한지표로평가되는 RMSSD는유의한관계를나타내지못하였고, 그외의다른시간영역지표들도유의하지않았다. BDI점수에따라정상군, 경도, 중등도, 중도우울군들의 4군으로나누어시행한군간비교에서는 HRV 변수중 HF (p<0.05), LF (p<0.05), RMSSD (p<0.05) 값이유의한차이를나타내었다. 이결과에서도 SDNN, pnn50 등다른시간영역지표들은유의하지못해시간영역지표들간에일관된결과를보여주지못하는결과가나왔다 (Table 5). Pearson correlation으로검토한남녀성차이에서는여성이 HF, normalized HF, RMSSD 활성이남성보다높고 normalize LF, LF/HF ratio는낮은경향을보였으나 BDI 또한높은경향을보였다 (Table 6). 고찰우울증과자율신경계와의관련성은임상적으로매우중요한의의를지닌다. 이미우울증은심혈관계질환의중요한독립인자로써알려져있다. 또한우울증은심장질환의유병율과사망률에도영향을미치는것으로보고되어왔다. 우울증환자와심장이식환자, 정상인의 HRV를분석비교하여정상인과심장이식환자의 HRV가우울증환자에비해유의하게낮았다는연구결과는우울증이 HRV 에미치는영향을보여준다 (Nashoni et al., 2004). HRV의감소와 cardiac vagal tone (CVC) 의저하는심근허혈의나쁜예후인자로알려져있고, 우울증과자율신경계의연관성에서낮은 CVC와의관련성이제시되고있다. CVC가전반적인우울증의중증도를나타내지는못했지만우울증의일부증상에는적용될수있으며 HRV가우울증의예측인자일수있다는가능성을제시하고있는연구결과가있다 (Rottenberg et al., 2007). 이런가능성들을전제로이연구에서는 HRV와우울증상의예측인자로서의가능성을알아보기위해일반인구집단에서측정한 BDI값과 HRV값이연관성이있다는것을밝히려하였다. 연구결과 BDI 점수가우울증상의정도가높을수록낮은 SDNN과 pnn50값을나타내어시간영역에서의분석에서는우울증군에서 HRV의값이낮아진다는이전연구들의결과와일치하는것이었다. 또한주파수영역에서도 TP값을비롯한 LF, HF의활성이모두저하되어우울증에합당한소견으로나왔다. LF값이교감신경계의활성도를나타낸다는주장도있으나 LF 값은교감신경계와부교감신경계모두에영향을받는다는주장도있고, 부교감신경계의활성도를반영한다고잘밝혀진 HF가감소하였다는점에서우울증의전반적인활동도저하에합당한소견이다. HRV는우울증을직접적으로진단할수있는도구는아니다. 그러나앞서밝힌바와같이 HRV는정신신체적인다양한병인을반영하는것이고환자군에서우울증의예측인자로서의가능성이있다. 이연구의결과에서나타난바와같이일반인구집단에서 BDI값과의관련성을근거 94
5 안정우외 6 인 : 일농촌지역에서우울증상과심박변이도 Table 5. ANOVA analysis of HRV variables. Descriptives N Mean Std. deviation Std. error % confidence interval for mean Lower bound Upper bound Lower bound Upper bound Lower bound Upper bound LF Normal Mild depression Moderate depression Severe depression Total Model Fixed Effects Random Effects HF Normal Mild depression Moderate depression Severe depression Total Model Fixed Effects Random Effects RMSSD Normal Mild depression Moderate depression Severe depression Total Model Fixed Effects Random Effects ANOVA Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig. LF HF RMSSD Between groups Within groups Total Between groups Within groups Total Between groups Within groups Total Sex Pearson correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Sum of squares and cross-products Covariance N Table 6. Sex, BDI and HRV variables. Correlations BDI LF/HF ratio Normalized LF Normalized HF HF RMSSD.23* * * * * BDI: Beck's depression inventory, HRV: heart rate variability. *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed), Correlation is significant at the 0.0 level (2-tailed).
6 스트레스硏究 : 제 6 권제 3 호 2008 로, HRV 측정이우울증진단에보조적으로활용될가능성이있다는것을제시할수있다. 또한연구결과에서 HF, LF, RMSSD에서얻어진증상중증도집단에따른차별성은 HRV가자기보고식검사가가진한계와치료자의주관성개입을극복하거나진단된우울증환자의중증도를예측하여 BDI 등의우울증진단검사를보완할수있는평가법으로의가능성을생각해볼수있다. 이연구의한계점은연구집단에서 HRV에변화를줄수있는다양한변수들에대한통제가충분히이루어지지않았다는것이다. 가장중요한변수로는조사대상지역이한국의농촌을기반으로한지역이어서대상의연령층이균등하게분포되지못하고노령으로다소치우쳐있었으며, 성별이나연령별로분석을위한인원이충분하지못했다는점이다. 또한 HRV 신호로부터의해석방법은측정하는시간에따라 24시간데이터를이용하는장기 (long-term) 분석과 5분데이터를이용하는 (short-term) 분석으로나눌수있다. 24시간데이터를이용할경우하루주기리듬 (circardian rhythm) 등많은정보를얻을수있지만현실적으로힘든면이많다. 이번연구에서 normalized LF, normalized HF, LF/HF ratio 등시간적제한을보정하기위한변수에서는유의한결과가나오지못한것은 5분데이터의한계일가능성도있을것으로생각된다. 미국과유럽의 Task Force에서는주파수영역의분석에는 5분간의단기데이터를권유하고, 시간영역의분석에는장기데이터분석이표준화에도움이될것이라는제안을하고있다 (Task force of the European society of cardiology and the North American society of pacing electrophysiology, 996). 이번연구에서도군간비교와연관성연구에서모두주파수영역의분석은여러변수가일치하는경향을보였으나, 시간영역분석에서는여러변수간의일치도가떨어진것도이것에영향을받았을가능성이있다. 또, 5분데이터를이용하는이번연구와같은경우에는순간적인생리적인변화를반영하게되므로환자의상태와검사환경의제어가중요할것이지만완전한통제에대한문제의가능성은항상존재할수있을것이다 (Jeong, 2004). 또한환자의감정이나물리적환경변화가 HRV에미치는영향에대해서는거의밝혀진바가없는실정이다 (Task force of the European society of cardiology and the North American society of pacing electrophysiology, 996). 이번연구에서는여성에서 HF, normalized HF, RMSSD 활성이남성보다높고 normalize LF, LF/HF ratio는낮은경향을보여서부교감신경의활성은남성보다여성에서활성화된경향을보였지만 BDI 또한높은것으로나타나그연 관성이연구의가설에는부합하지않게나타났다. 그러나 HRV는연령과성에큰영향을받을것으로추정되지만아직연령별, 성별로보정된표준치가확립되어있지못한상태로향후대규모의전향적연구가연속적인추적관찰을통해여러연령별, 성별로이루어진표준화작업이필요하다. 추후이루어질연구에서는대상지역의표준화와연령층의균등화및조사대상의철저한신체질환및생활력등에대한조사로다양한변수의통제가적절히이루어져주요우울장애, 기분부전증등을포함하는전체우울증상질환군과다른정신질환에동반되어나타나는것을포함한다면전체정신과영역에서볼수있는가장흔한증상일우울증상들의보조적진단법혹은중증도판단의도구로서의 HRV의역할을좀더분명히검토하고아울러성별에대한구분등으로향후 HRV 결과의표준화에도기여할수있을것으로판단된다. 참고문헌 Beck AT (967) Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects. Harper & Row, New York. Carney RM, Freedland KE, Stein PK, et al. (2000) Change in heart rate and heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease. 62: Cohen H, Kotler M, Matar AM, et al. (997) Power spectral analysis of HR variability in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry 4: Ewing DJ, Martin CN, Young RJ, et al. (985) The value of cardiovascular autonomic function tests: 0 years experience in diabetes. Diabetic Care 8: Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Talajic M (993) Depression and 8-month prognosis after myocardial infarction: determine predictive variables. JAMA 279: Glassman AH, Rodriguez AI, Shapiro PA (998) The use of antidepressant drugs in patients with heart disease. J Clin Psychiatry 59:6-2. Han HM, Yum TH, Shin YW, et al. (986) A standardization study of Beck depression inventory in Korea. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 25: Hon EH, Lee ST (963) Electronic evaluations of the fetal heart rate 96
7 안정우외 6 인 : 일농촌지역에서우울증상과심박변이도 patterns preceding fetal death, further observations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 87: Jeong KS (2004) Heart rate variability. J Korean Acad Fam Med 25: Kim JA, Choi YS, Cho KJ, et al. (2003) Heart rate variability in major depressive disorder. J Korean Acad Fam Med 24:7-22. Kim W, Woo JM, Chae JH (2005) Heart rate variability in psychiatry. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 44: Lee CS, Kim DS, Jung MG, et al. (2007) Heart rate variability of patients with major depressive disorder under cognitive and emotional stimulus. Anxiety and Mood 3:26-3. Lee SK, Lee HS, Kim IJ, et al. (2006) Changes of HRV after antidepressant treatment in psychiatric outpatients. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 45: Nashoni E, Aravot D, Aizenberg D, et al. (2004) Heart rate variability increases in patients with major depression. Psychosomatics 45: Rechlin T (994) Decreased parameters of HR variation in amitryptyline treated patients: Low parameters in melancholic depression than in neurotic depression a biological marker? Biol Psychiatry 36: Rechlin T (994) The effect of amitriptyline, doxepin, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine treatment on heart rate variability. J Clin Psychopharmacol 4: Rottenberg J, Chambers AS, Allen JJ, et al. (2007) Cardiac vagal control in the severity and course of depression: The importance of symptomatic heterogeneity. J Affect Disord Feb 2. Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, Bagiella, et al. (994) Effect of mental stress throughout the day on cardiac autonomic control. Boil Psychol 37: Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology (996) Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 93: Williams R, Lane JD, Kuhn CM, et al. (982) Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks. Science 28: Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Balon R, et al. (99) Heart rate variability in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 37: Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Balon R (992) Effect of imipramine treatment on heart rate variability measures. Biol Psychiatry 26: Yergani VK, Pohl R, Berger R, et al. (993) Decreased HR variability in panic disorder patients: A study of power spectral analysis of HR. Psychiatry Res 46: = 국문초록 = 목적 : 이연구의목적은우울증진단을받지않은일반인구집단에서심박변이도 (heart rate variability, HRV) 와우울증과의연관성을조사하여우울증상에따른일반인구집단에서도 HRV 의변화가있는지를알아보는데있다. 방법 : 경기도소재 군의주민중건강증진프로그램에참가한 55 명을대상으로하였다. 이중 HRV 에영향을줄수있는신체질환을가진 58 명과 Beck s depression inventory (BDI) 작성을못한 2 명을배제한 명의 short term electrode HRV 를측정하였고 BDI 를이용하여우울증상을조사하였다. 이들을대상으로 HRV 와 BDI 간의연관성을통계적으로분석하였다. 결과 : BDI 와 HRV 의지표들중 SDNN (standard deviation of the normal to normal interval), TP (total power), HF (high frequency), LF (low frequency), VLF (very low frequency), pnn50 ( 전체 normal to normal interval 들중연속된 Normal to Normal Interval 들의변이가 50 ms 이상인간격들의비 ) 이유의하게음의상관관계를가진것으로나타났으며이중 LF, HF, RMSSD (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal to normal intervals) 는 BDI 값을이용하여우울증을중증정도로구분했을때유의하게차이가있었다. 결론 : HRV 의일부지표는일반인구에서잠재성의우울증상의정도를측정할수있었다. 중심단어 : 심박변이도, BDI, 우울증상 97
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