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1 Weed Turf. Sci. 2(1):47~54, 2013 DOI:dx.doi.org/ /WTS Print ISSN Research Article Open Access Weed & Turfgrass Science The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgrass Society of Korea 자연실온및변온조건에서세엽형훼스큐속잔디의발아특성및일일발아패턴비교 김경남 * 삼육대학교과학기술대학원예학과 Comparison of Germination Characteristics and Daily Seed Germinating Pattern in Fine-textured Fescues Grown Under Alternative and Natural Conditions at the Room Temperature Kyoung-Nam Kim* Dept. of Horticulture, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University, Seoul , Korea (Received on December 13, 2012; Revised on January 26, 2012; Accepted on February 28, 2013) ABSTRACT. The study was conducted to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of fine-textured fescues (FF) under natural room temperature and to analyze differences between alternative and natural conditions for a practical application. Six cultivars from Chewings fescue (CF), creeping red fescue (CRF), hard fescue (HF) and sheep fescue (SF) were evaluated in the study. Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed. Significant differences were greatly observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 60% germination, and germination percentage with environments, species and cultivars. Final germination rate was 29.7 to 80.0% under natural conditions. The first germination was initiated between 8 and 10 DAS (days after seeding) under natural conditions, being 3 to 4 days later as compared with ISTA conditions. Days to the 60% germination were 12.1 to 19.0 DAS, being 3.0 to 4.2 days slower than that under ISTA conditions. CF Jamestown II was the fastest cultivar, while the slowest CRF Audubon. Turf establishment speed was faster with CRF < SF < HF and < CF in order. Information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern between alternative and natural conditions would be practically useful for a golf course construction etc., when established with FF. Key words: Alternative temperature conditions, Cumulative germination rate, Days to the first germination, Days to 60% germination rate, Natural room-temperature conditions 서 론 골프장의티, 훼어웨이, 러프및법면이나사면에이용되고있는대표적인한지형잔디에는 Agrostis 속 (bentgrasses), Poa 속 (bluegrasses), Lolium 속 (ryegrasses) 및 Festuca 속 (fescues) 등다양한종류가있다 (Beard, 1982). 이들중저관리형으로골프장의러프나법면또는사면에주로이용 *Corresponding author. Phone) , FAX) ) knkturf@syu.ac.kr 되고있는초종은훼스큐속잔디이다. 훼스큐속에는약 100여종이있으며종별에따라질감, 생육습성및수명이상당히다르다. 이중생활사가일년생인훼스큐종류는일반적으로잡초로간주되고있고, 영년생훼스큐중일부가잔디용으로우수한특성을갖고있다 (Ruemmele et al., 2003). 전세계적으로이용되고있는훼스큐속잔디종류는레드훼스큐 (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaud.), 츄잉스훼스큐 (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.), 톨훼스큐 (F. arundinacea Schreb.), 메도우훼스큐 (F. elatior L.), 쉽훼스큐 (F. ovina L.), 하드훼스큐 (F. ovina ssp. longifolia Thuill.) 및헤어훼스큐 (F. capillata Lam.) 등이있다. 이들초종은질감에따라서광엽훼스큐 (coarse- 47

2 48 김경남 textured fescues) 및세엽훼스큐 (fine-textured fescues) 로구분할수있다 (Hanson et al., 1969). 세엽형훼스큐는엽폭이대단히좁기때문에화인훼스큐 (fine fescues) 라고하는데그종류에는레드훼스큐, 츄잉스훼스큐, 쉽훼스큐및하드훼스큐등이있다 (Alderson and Sharp, 1995). 레드훼스큐는유럽이원산지로크리핑레드훼스큐로불리기도하는데 cool-humid 기후대에서이용되고있는한지형잔디중켄터키블루그래스다음으로중요하며훼스큐속잔디중유일하게포복할수있는특성을갖고있는초종이다. 즉, 짧지만지하경을갖고있어분얼시 R-type(rhizomatous-type) 의외부분얼형 (extravaginal) 형태의생장습성을갖고있다. 밀파시내답압성이있고, 켄터키블루그래스와혼합사용시서로장점을활용할수있는친화성이있다. 츄잉스훼스큐도유럽이원산지로 cool-humid 지역에서켄터키블루그래스다음으로크리핑레드훼스큐와같이많이이용되고있는종류이다. 이잔디의특성과환경적응성은대부분크리핑레드훼스큐와비슷하다. 차이점은생육습성이총생모양의주형생장 (bunch-type, B-type) 을하며, 환경적응성측면에서는온도적응범위가다소좁은편이다. 원산지가유럽인하드훼스큐는그특성이쉽훼스큐와비슷하다. 하드훼스큐는생육형이 B-type의주형생장을하는영년생종류이다. 차이점이있다면쉽훼스큐에비해엽색이좀더회색조의녹색을띄면서엽신폭은더넓고, 엽조직이더강하다. 내건성은쉽훼스큐보다는약하지만, 레드훼스큐보다는강한편이다. 주로사용되고있는지역은잔디관리요구도가낮은저관리지역에서토양침식방지목적으로사용되고있다 (Beard and Beard, 2005). 쉽훼스큐는원산지가북미와유라시아지역으로총생모양의생장을하는영년생잔디이다. 잔디밭품질이불량하기때문에잔디목적으로는그이용정도가낮은초종이며, 외부형태적모습은레드훼스큐와상당히비슷하다. 차이점은엽폭이더좁고, 엽색이청색과회색이혼합된색상을띄는것이특징이다. 주로이용되는지역은저비용으로사질토에잔디조성을하거나또는관계수로와관련하여제방의토양보존을목적으로이용되고있다. 국내에서는 2000년중반이후외국설계자에의한한지형골프장잔디조성이증가하면서훼스큐잔디의사용도점점증가하고있다. 특히골프장러프조성시스코틀랜드링스 (Scottish links) 유형이많이보급되면서이에대한선호도가증가하고있다. 따라서훼스큐속잔디의신품종사용이증가함에따라이들품종을이용한연구의필요성도점점늘어나고있다. 잔디선진국인미국에서는신품종이등록되면수년간체계적으로광범위하게연구를진행하면서실무에응용하 고있다 (NTEP, 1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002). 국내기후조건에서훼스큐속잔디를이용한연구는일부있지만 (Kim, 2005, 2008, 2009; Kim and Nam, 2003; Kim and Park, 2010; Lee et al., 2001a, 2001b; Shim and Jeong, 2002), 최근개발되어도입된세엽형훼스큐신품종을이용한연구논문은아직충분하지않은실정이다 (Kim and Park, 2010). 특히신품종으로잔디밭조성시필요한조성관련기본특성조사에대한연구는더욱부족하다. 골프장시공시대면적의잔디밭을성공적으로조성하기위해서는종자파종후초기에피복을신속하게시키는것이대단히중요하다 (Kim, 2007). 한지형잔디중발아가가장빠른초종은퍼레니얼라이그래스이고 (Lolium perenne L.), 반대로발아속도가가장느린초종은켄터키블루그래스 (Poa pratensis L.) 이다 (Kim, 2012). 일반적으로퍼레니얼라이그래스의우수한품종은최적의생육환경에서치상후 3일전후에유근이발달하고, 4~7일사이에 50~80% 이상발아가가능하다. 실례로국제종자검정협회 (International Seed Testing Association, ISTA) 에서제시하고있는변온조건에서수행한연구에서켄터키블루그래스는 4주후발아율이 90% 에도달하지만, 퍼레니얼라이그래스는치상후 1주만에 90% 에도달하였다 (Kim and Nam, 2003). 화인훼스큐종자의발아검정은 15~25 o C 사이의온도조건에서실시한다 (Jeon, 1997). 하지만정규 18홀골프장의면적은지형, 코스길이및폭, 홀간간격, 수목종류및크기, 식재면적, 연못, 호수등에따라다르지만, 일반적으로 700,000~800,000 m 2 정도되는대규모면적이다 (Beard, 1982). 이러한대면적에잔디를식재할경우 15~25 o C 사이의변온환경에서적기파종을할수있는면적은일반적으로전체면적의 20~40% 정도만해당되며, 나머지홀 (hole) 은현장에서공정스케줄에따라식재를하는경우적기파종을할수없다. 이러한이유로골프장조성시대부분식재면적은잔디생육적온보다저온또는고온등의부적합한환경에서도파종을할수밖에없다. 따라서화인훼스큐의표준발아환경조건인변온뿐만아니라일반자연온도조건에서도품종에대한발아특성및조성관련특성조사는필요하며, 변온및자연실온환경에서실시한자료비교는실무적으로대단히중요하다. 본실험은자연실온환경에서최근국내에많이이용되고있는세엽형훼스큐신품종의초기발아특성및발아패턴과변온및자연실온조건에서의그차이점을비교분석하여잔디밭조성시실무에응용할수있는기초자료를파악하고자수행하였다.

3 자연실온및변온조건에서세엽형훼스큐속잔디의발아특성및일일발아패턴비교 49 Table 1. Common name, scientific name, cultivar and source of turfgrass entries in the study. Common name Scientific name Cultivars Source Chewings fescue Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud. Jamestown II Shadow II Jacklin Seed Company, Post Falls, ID, USA Turf-Seed, Inc., Hubbard, OR, USA Creeping red fescue Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaud. Audubon Jacklin Seed Company, Post Falls, ID, USA Hard fescue Festuca longifolia Thuill Aurora Gold Rescue 911 Turf-Seed, Inc., Hubbard, OR, USA Jacklin Seed Company, Post Falls, ID, USA Sheep fescue Festuca ovina L. Little Bighorn Turf-Seed, Inc., Hubbard, OR, USA 재료및방법 공시재료공시초종은국내에서일반잔디밭및골프장조성에이용되고있는세엽형훼스큐속잔디를이용하였다. 전체공시재료는츄잉스훼스큐 (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.; Chewings fescue, CF) 2품종 ( Jamestown II, Shadow II ), 크리핑레드훼스큐 (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaud.; creeping red fescue, CRF) 1품종 ( Audubon ), 하드훼스큐 (F. ovina ssp. longifolia Thuill.; hard fescue, HF) 2품종 ( Aurora Gold, Rescue 911 ) 및쉽훼스큐 (F. ovina L.; sheep fescue, SF) 1품종 ( Little Bighorn ) 이었다. 각품종의구입처는 Table 1과같았다. 발아실험발아실험은훼스큐속잔디초종의발아기준인 15~25 o C 의 ISTA 변온환경대신 (Anonymous, 1964), 채광이양호하고온도가 5~25 o C로유지되고있는실험실내자연실온환경에서수행하였다. 발아실험에사용한종자는샤알레위에여과지 (ADVANTEC, HYUNDAI Micro Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) 2매를깔고, 그여과지위에품종별로 100 립을치상하였다. 실험수행은 4반복으로하였으며전체치상종자는 400립이었다. 수분은하루 1회정도충분하게공급하였으며, 발아기간은잔디발아시험시최대기간인 30일기준으로수행하였다 (The Lawn Institute, 1991). 발아특성조사발아율조사는치상후 1일간격으로총30회조사를하였다. 조사시발아기준은지상부엽조직이 10 mm 정도자랐을때를기준으로하였다. 공시초종의최종발아율은치상후 30일째조사한누적발아율을이용하였다. 또한초종및품종별초기발아특성및발아패턴은치상후일일발아율 (daily germination rate) 및누적발아율 (cumulative germination rate) 데이터를분석하였고, 데이터는품종별 4반복평균값을이용하였다. 발아상의시험구배치는공시 6종류의초종처리구를난괴법 4반복으로배치하여실험을수행하였다. 통계분석은 SAS(Statistical Analysis System) 프로그램을이용하여 ANOVA 분석을실시하였고 (SAS Institute, 1990), 처리구평균간유의성검정은 DMRT(Duncan's Multiple Range Test) 5% 수준에서실시하였다. 그리고자연실온및변온조건에서자료비교는 ISTA 변온환경에서수행한데이터를이용해서분석하였다 (Kim and Park, 2010). 결과및고찰 세엽훼스큐의발아력본실험에사용된화인훼스큐종자의발아력을나타내는최종발아율은발아환경, 초종및품종에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. 자연실온환경에서최종발아율은초종에따라 ISTA 변온환경과약간의차이가있었다. 실온조건에서공시초종의최종발아율은 29.7~80.0% 사이였다 (Table 2). 이때발아가가장양호한품종은 SF Bighorn 품종으로최종발아율은 80.0% 이었다. 반대로최종발아율이가장저조한품종은 HF Rescue 911 품종으로 29.7% 이었다. 또한 CF Jamestown II 및 Shadow II 품종과 HF Aurora Gold 품종의최종발아율이 72.2~ 74.2% 사이로대체로양호하였다. 하지만, CRF Audubon 품종은발아율이 62.0% 로다소낮았다. 잔디종자수확후검정시정상적인화인훼스큐품종의발아율은 75% 이상요구하고있다 (Turgeon, 2005). 본실험에사용한공시초종은 CRF Audubon 및 HF Rescue 911 품종을제외한대부분초종이오차범위내에서정상발아율 75% 에도달하였다. 하지만화인훼스큐품종간최대 50.3% 정도의차이가있었다. 본실험에서공시품종 6종류는모두외국에서수입직전종자검정결과양호한판정으로나타나국내에수입되어실무적으로골프장에이용되고있는종자였다. 따라서실험결과훼스큐속품종간에나타난다양한발아율차이는잔디종자수입후국내유통및보관과정중환경조건에따라실무

4 50 김경남 Table 2. Germination characteristics of 6 fine fescue cultivars grown under natural conditions at the room temperature of 5 to 25 o C. Cultivars a Days to the first germination Germination characteristics under natural conditions Ratio of the first germination c (%) Days to the 50% germination Days to the 60% germination ISTA b Natural ISTA b Natural ISTA b Natural Difference d Final germination percentage (%) CF Jamestown II 5~6 8~9 1.5 bc e 8~9 11~ c 12.1 c b CF Shadow II 5~6 8~9 2.5 b 8~9 11~ bc 12.7 bc b CRF Audubon 5~6 8~9 0.5 c 9~10 13~ a 19.0 a c HF Aurora Gold 6~7 9~ a 8~9 11~ bc 13.2 bc b HF Rescue 911 6~7 9~ c NA f NA NA NA NA 29.7 d SF Little Bighorn 5~6 8~9 0.7 c 9~10 13~ b 13.9 b a Range 5~7 8~10 0.5~4.7 8~10 11~14 9.1~ ~ ~ ~80.0 Difference (max - min) a CF: Chewings fescue, CRF: creeping red fescue, HF: hard fescue, SF: sheep fescue. b Data for ISTA: adapted from Kim and Park(2010). c Ratio of the first germination(%): germination percentage on the first day germinated from seeds of each cultivar. d Difference: difference from the fastest cultivar in terms of days to the 60% germination under natural conditions. e Mean separation within columns by Duncan's multiple range test at P=0.05. f NA: not applicable. 현장에서발아력차이가크게나타날수있는것을의미한다. 잔디품종간발아력차이는다른초종에서도보고되고있다. 크리핑벤트그래스 (Agrostis palustris Huds.) 및톨훼스큐를이용한연구결과는 ISTA 변온환경에서품종간각각 36.7% 및 10.2% 정도차이가있었다 (Kim, 2008; Kim and Jung, 2008). 즉외국에서화인훼스큐종자를수확후종자검정결과발아율이우수한품종일지라도수입해서국내실무현장에적용할때는유통및보관상태에따라잔디종자활력이저하될수있으므로시공시점에발아력검정을해서사용하는것이바람직하다. 세엽훼스큐의발아특성및발아패턴치상후일별및누적발아율그래프에서화인훼스큐종자의품종별발아특성및발아패턴을각각비교하면다음과같다. 자연실온환경에서 CF Jamestown II 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에비해최초발아율, 50% 발아율및 60% 발아율도달속도가 3일정도늦게나타났다. Jamestown II 품종의발아가처음으로시작된것은치상후 8~9일사이로치상후 9일째최초일일발아율은 1.5% 이었다 (Table 2, Fig. 1). 그리고누적발아율이 50% 에도달한것은치상후 11일과 12일사이였고, 치상후 12일과 13일누적발아율은각각 59.7% 및 64.2% 이었다 (Fig. 2). 즉실무적으로화인훼스큐종자에요구되는발아율기준인 60% 에도달한것은치상후 12.1일로 ISTA 변온에비해 3.0일늦었다. 하지만자연실온환경에서 CF Jamestown II 품종은전체공시 6품종중발아속도가가 장빠른품종으로판단되었다 (Table 2). CF Shadow II 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에비해최초발아율, 50% 발아율및 60% 발아율도달속도가 3~4일정도늦게나타났다. Shadow II 품종의경우최초발아는 ISTA 변온환경보다 3일늦은치상후 8~9일사이로치상후 9일째최초일일발아율은 2.5% 이었다. 그리고누적발아율이 50% 에도달한것은치상후 11일과 12일사이였고 ISTA 변온보다 3일정도늦은것이었다. 치상후 12일과 13일누적발아율은각각 53.7% 및 62.5% 이었다. 즉실무적으로화인훼스큐종자에요구되는발아율기준인 60% 에도달한것은치상후 12.7일로 ISTA 변온에비해 3.3일늦었다. 또한이것은자연실온환경에서 60% 발아율도달속도가가장빨랐던 CF Jamestown II 품종에비해 0.6일정도의약간차이가있는것으로전체공시 6품종중발아속도가중상정도수준으로사료되었다. CRF Audubon 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에비해최초발아율, 50% 발아율및 60% 발아율도달속도가 3~5일정도늦게나타났다. Audubon 품종의발아가처음으로시작된것은 ISTA 변온환경보다 3일늦은치상후 8~9일사이로치상후 9일째최초일일발아율은 0.5% 이었다. 그리고누적발아율이 50% 에도달한것은치상후 13일과 14일사이로 ISTA 변온보다 4일정도늦은것이었다. 그리고치상후 19일째누적발아율이 60.0% 에도달하였다. 즉실무적으로화인훼스큐종자에요구되는발아율기준인 60% 에도달한것은 ISTA 변온

5 자연실온및변온조건에서세엽형훼스큐속잔디의발아특성및일일발아패턴비교 51 Fig. 1. Daily seed germinating pattern of 6 fine fescue cultivars under natural conditions at the room temperature of 5 to 25 o C (CF: Chewings fescue; CRF: creeping red fescue; HF: hard fescue; SF: sheep fescue). Fig. 2. Cumulative seed germinating pattern of 6 fine fescue cultivars under natural conditions at the room temperature of 5 to 25 o C (CF: Chewings fescue; CRF: creeping red fescue; HF: hard fescue; SF: sheep fescue). 에비해 4.2일늦은치상후 19.0일로나타났다. 또한이것은자연실온환경에서 60% 발아율도달속도가가장빨랐던 CF Jamestown II 품종에비해 6.9일정도늦는 것으로전체공시 6품종중발아속도가가장느린품종으로사료되었다. HF Aurora Gold 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에

6 52 김경남 비해최초발아율, 50% 발아율및 60% 발아율도달속도가 3~4일정도늦게나타났다. Aurora Gold 품종의경우최초발아는 ISTA 변온환경보다 3일늦은치상후 9~10일사이로치상후 10일째최초일일발아율은 4.7% 이었다. 그리고누적발아율이 50% 에도달한것은치상후 11일과 12 일사이로 ISTA 변온보다 3일정도늦은것이었다. 치상후 13일과 14일누적발아율은각각 59.0% 및 63.0% 이었다. 즉실무적으로화인훼스큐종자에요구되는발아율기준인 60% 에도달한것은치상후 13.2일로 ISTA 변온에비해 3.7일늦었다. 또한이것은자연실온환경에서 60% 발아율도달속도가가장빨랐던 CF Jamestown II 품종에비해 1.1일정도늦는것으로전체공시 6품종중발아속도가중정도수준으로사료되었다. HF Rescue 911 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에비해최초발아율도달속도가 3일정도늦게나타났다. Rescue 911 품종의발아가처음으로시작된것은치상후 9~10일사이로치상후 10일째최초일일발아율은 0.7% 이었다. 이후 HF Rescue 911 품종은치상 2주후및 3주후누적발아율이각각 16.2% 및 27.2% 로나타났다. 그리고치상후 4주째누적발아율은 29.7% 로더이상발아가진행되지않아발아율 50% 및 60% 도달기간을분석할수없었다. SF Little Bighorn 품종의발아패턴은 ISTA 변온환경에비해최초발아율, 50% 발아율및 60% 발아율도달속도가 3~4일정도늦게나타났다. Little Bighorn 품종의경우최초발아는 ISTA 변온환경보다 3일늦은치상후 8~9일사이로치상후 9일째최초일일발아율은 0.7% 이었다. 그리고누적발아율이 50% 에도달한것은치상후 13일과 14일사이로 CRF Audubon 품종과마찬가지로다른품종에비해 2일정도늦었으며, 이것은 ISTA 변온보다 4일정도늦은것이었다. 치상후 13일과 14일누적발아율은각각 48.5% 및 60.7% 이었다. 즉실무적으로화인훼스큐종자에요구되는발아율기준인 60% 에도달한것은치상후 13.9일로 ISTA 변온에비해 3.6일늦었다. 또한이것은자연실온환경에서 60% 발아율도달속도가가장빨랐던 CF Jamestown II 품종에비해 1.8일정도늦는것으로전체공시 6품종중발아속도가중정도수준으로사료되었다. 종합적으로화인훼스큐종자의발아특성및발아패턴은생육환경, 초종및품종에따라상당히다르게나타났다. 자연실온환경에서전반적인발아경향은 ISTA 변온환경보다 3~4일정도늦은 8~10일사이에최초발아가시작되었다. 이러한차이가나타난것은화인훼스큐의경우생육적온이 16~24 o C이기때문에이러한환경에비해 5~25 o C 사이의온도조건에서발아가훨씬느리게진행된 것으로판단되었다 (Fry and Huang, 2004). 공시초종의최초발아시발아율은자연실온환경에서 0.5~4.7% 사이로 ISTA 변온보다는낮게나타났다. Kim and Jung (2008) 은 ISTA 변온및실온등생육환경조건에따라크리핑벤트그래스품종간최종발아율차이가 6.5% 정도나타나는것으로보고하였다. 이러한생육환경에따른초종및품종간차이는교배및품종개량시사용한유전형질의특성차이로나타나는것으로추정되었다. 자연실온환경에서화인훼스큐의발아율 50% 도달기간은 11~14일사이로 ISTA 변온보다는 3~4일정도늦게나타났다. 또한발아율 60% 도달기간은 12.1~19.0일사이로나타났고, 공시재료중 CRF Audubon 품종이가장느렸다. 그리고자연실온환경에서화인훼스큐초종간조성속도는 CRF<SF<HF<CF 순서로나타났다. 종자파종시초기발아속도가빠를수록잔디밭조성에는유리하다 (Watschke and Schmidt, 1992). 본실험의발아특성및일일발아패턴분석결과자연실온조건에서는 CF Jamestown II 품종이실무적으로잔디조성측면에서가장우수한것으로사료되었다 (Table 3). 하지만 ISTA 변온조건에서우수한품종은 CF Jamestown II 품종을포함해서 CF Shadow II 및 HF Aurora Gold 품종도양호 하였다 (Kim and Park, 2010). 하지만본실험의자연실온조건에서 CF Shadow II 및 HF Aurora Gold 품종은조성속도측면에서중정도수준의품종으로나타났다. 즉동일한초종이나품종일지라도생육환경조건에따라생장및적응능력이달라질수가있는것이다. 한지형잔디는온도조건에따라발아율이달라질수있는데크리핑벤트그래스와퍼레니얼라이그래스를이용한실험에서는각각최고 6.5% 및 4.2% Table 3. Classification of 6 fine fescue cultivars grown under natural conditions at the room temperature of 5 to 25 o C according to the establishment rate during the early growth stage. Class Temperature conditions ISTA a Natural Very high CF Jamestown II - High CF Shadow II CF Jamestown II HF Aurora Gold Medium SF Little Bighorn CF Shadow II HF Aurora Gold SF Little Bighorn Low CRF Audubon HF Rescue 911 CRF Audubon HF Rescue 911 a ISTA: alternative conditions of 8hr light at 25 o C and 16hr dark at 15 o C. Data for ISTA: adapted from Kim and Park(2010).

7 자연실온및변온조건에서세엽형훼스큐속잔디의발아특성및일일발아패턴비교 53 정도차이가나타났다 (Kim and Jung, 2008, 2009). 또한켄터키블루그래스는 20.7~76.4% 까지차이가크게나타나는것으로보고되고있다 (Kim and Nam, 2003). 즉종자발아력은환경조건에따라품종별로차이가크게날수있기때문에잔디밭조성시해당지역의생육환경분석은대단히중요하다 (Beard, 1973; Turgeon, 2005). 본실험을통해서초종및품종간최초발아일, 50% 발아일및 60% 발아일등발아패턴은차이가크게나타나고있다. 즉화인훼스큐로대규모면적의골프장을조성할경우파종시환경조건에따라화인훼스큐품종의발아패턴이달라질수있는것이다. 따라서본연구를통해밝혀진생육환경에따라달리나타나는품종간초기발아특성및발아패턴은골프장조성시개개현장의컨셉에적합한품종을선정할때유용하게활용될수있으리라판단된다. 요약 본실험은자연실온환경에서세엽형훼스큐초종간초기발아특성및발아패턴을조사하고변온및자연실온에서의그차이점을비교분석해서실무시공에응용할수있는기초자료를파악하고자시작하였다. 공시재료는츄잉스훼스큐 (CF), 크리핑레드훼스큐 (CRF), 하드훼스큐 (HF) 및쉽훼스큐 (SF) 에서선정한 6품종이었으며, 일일발아패턴및누적발아패턴을 1일간격으로조사하였다. 화인훼스큐종자의발아율, 발아패턴및발아특성은생육환경, 초종및품종에따라유의한차이가크게나타났다. 자연실온에서발아력은 ISTA 변온과다르게나타났고최종발아율은 29.7~80.0% 사이로다양하였다. 발아패턴은최초발아의경우 ISTA 변온에비해 3~4일늦은치상후 8~10일사이에시작되었다. 발아율 50% 도달한기간은최초발아후 2~5일경과후인치상후 11~14일사이로 ISTA 변온에비해 3~4일정도늦게나타났다. 또한실무적으로요구되는발아율 60% 도달기간은 ISTA 변온에비해초종에따라 3.0~4.2일정도늦은치상후 12.1~19.0 일사이로나타났다. 공시초종중 60% 발아율도달기간이가장빠른품종은 CF Jamestown II 품종이었고, 반대로가장느린종류는 CRF Audubon 품종이었다. 자연실온환경에서화인훼스큐초종간조성속도는 CRF <SF<HF<CF 순서로나타났다. 본실험을통해밝혀진초종및품종간이러한생리생태적특성차이및비교자료는골프장등잔디밭조성시실무적인기초자료로유용하게활용될수있을것이다. 주요어 : 누적발아율, 발아율60% 도달기간, 변온환경, 자연실온조건, 최초발아소요일수 Acknowledgement This research was supported by the academic research fund of Sahmyook University in References Alderson, J. and Sharp, W.C Grass varieties in the United States - United States Department of Agriculture, CRC Press, Inc., New York, NY, USA. Anonymous Rules for testing seeds. Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts 54(2): Beard, J.B Turfgrass science and culture. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. Beard, J.B Turf management for golf courses. Burgess Publishing Company Minneapolis, MN, USA. Beard, J.B. and Beard, H.J Beard's turfgrass encyclopedia for golf courses, grounds, lawns and sports fields. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, USA. Fry, J. and Huang, B Applied turfgrass science and physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA. Hanson, A.A., Juska, F.V. and Burton, G.W Species and varieties. Agron. Monogr. 14 : In A.A. Hanson and F.V. Juska (Eds.), Turfgrass science. ASA, Madison, WI, USA. Jeon, W.B Regulation of international seed testing association (ISTA) (I). Kor. J. Turfgrass Sci. 11(3): (In Korean) Kim, K.N Comparison of summer turf performance, color, and green color retention among cool-season grasses grown under USGA soil system. J. Kor. Inst. Landscape Architecture 33(5): (In Korean) Kim, K.N STM series III: Turfgrass establishment. Sahmyook University Press. Seoul, Korea. Kim, K.N Germination characteristics and daily seed germinating pattern in coarse-textured tall fescues grown under ISTA conditions. J. Nat. Sci. Sahmyook Univ. 12(2): (In Korean) Kim, K.N Comparison of germination characteristics and daily seed germinating pattern in varieties of coarse-textured tall fescue under alternative and natural room temperature conditions. Kor. J. Turfgrass Sci. 23(1): Kim, K.N STM series I: Introductory turfgrass science. 2nd ed., Sahmyook Univ. Press, Seoul, Korea. Kim, K.N. and Jung, K.W Comparison of seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and

8 54 김경남 germination peak time in new varieties of the third generation of creeping bentgrass under different growing conditions. J. Kor. Env. Res. Reveg. Tech. 11(5): (In Korean) Kim, K.N. and Jung, K.W Germination characteristics and daily seed germinating pattern of 8 new varieties of perennial ryegrass under alternative conditions required by ISTA. J. Kor. Env. Res. Reveg. Tech. 12(3): (In Korean) Kim, K.N. and Nam, S.Y Comparison of early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination rate of varieties in Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. grown under different growing conditions. Kor. J. Turfgrass Sci. 17(1):1-12. (In Korean) Kim, K.N. and Park, S.H Comparison of germination characteristics and daily seed germinating pattern in finetextured fescues. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28(4): (In Korean) Lee, J.P., Kim, S.J., Seo, H.Y., Han, I.S., Lee, S.J., Kim, T.J. and Kim, D.H. 2001a. The effect of shade net on summer stress of cool-season turfgrass. Kor. J. Turfgrass Sci. 15(2): (In Korean) Lee, H.J., Song, J.W. and Ku, J.H. 2001b. Effect of root zone cooling on growth and mineral contents of turfgrasses in simulated athletic field during summer season. Kor. J. Turfgrass Sci. 15(4): (In Korean) NTEP. 1994a. National fineleaf fescue test Final Report NTEP No.94-17, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP. 1994b. National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report NTEP No.94-12, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report. NTEP No.95-4, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report. NTEP No.96-8, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report. NTEP No.97-7, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report NTEP No.98-10, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report NTEP No. 00-3, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report NTEP No.01-4, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., NTEP National fineleaf fescue test Progress Report NTEP No.02-4, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., Ruemmele, B.A., Wipff, J.K., Brilman, L. and Hignight, K.W Fine-leaved Festuca species. pp In M.D. Casler, A.A. and R.R. Duncan (Eds.), Turfgrass biology, genetics, and breeding. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. SAS Institute SAS/STAT user's guide, Version 6 4th ed., SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Shim, S.R. and Jeong, D.Y Turfgrass selection for soccer fields - A simulation of the Incheon 2002 world cup stadium- J. Kor. Inst. Landscape Architecture 30(2): (In Korean) The Lawn Institute Seed. LISTS pp In E.C. Roberts and B.C. Roberts (Eds.), Lawn Institute Special Topic Sheets, Tennessee Cumberland Printing Corp., Crossville, TN, USA. Turgeon, A.J Turfgrass management. 7th ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. Watschke, T.L. and Schmidt, R.E Ecological aspects of turf communities. Agron. Monogr. 32: In D.V. Waddington, R.N. Carrow and R.C. Shearman. (Eds.), Turfgrass. ASA- CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.

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