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1 대한류마티스학회지 Vol. 5, No. 4, December, 2008 원저 ENMC 진단기준을이용한다발성근염의임상적, 병리학적특성 포천중문의과대학교신경과학교실, 연세대학교의과대학신경과학교실 2, 병리학교실 3 오승헌 ㆍ김승민 2 ㆍ선우일남 2 ㆍ이동현 2 ㆍ김태승 3 ㆍ김세훈 3 ㆍ최영철 2 =Abstract= The Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Polymyositis Using ENMC Diagnostic Criteria Seung Hun Oh, Seung Min Kim 2, Il Nam Sunwoo 2, Dong Hyun Lee 2, Tae Seung Kim 3, Se Hun Kim 3, Young Chul Choi 2 Department of Neurology, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Pocheon, Departments of Neurology 2 and Pathology 3, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Objective: Polymyositis (PM) has known to be the most common type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, recent immunopathological studies demonstrated that PM was overdiagnosed previously due to suboptimal classification system. Using newly proposed classification system, we investigated the frequency, clinical and pathological characteristics of PM. Methods: Among the patients diagnosed as IIM during past 6 years, we classified a definite or probable PM using the European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) diagnostic criteria. The findings of clinical, laboratory and pathological findings were analyzed. Response to treatment was assessed at 6 months after treatment. Results: Of total 97 cases with IIM, twenty-three cases (24%) were satisfactory to the diagnostic criteria for PM (definite=5 and probable=8). Most cases were young adults, and female predominance was found. All cases showed proximal muscle weakness, and about two-thirds of patients showed extramuscular manifestation. One had breast cancer, and accompanying connective tissue disorders (CTDs) were found in 3 cases (3%), two of which had systemic sclerosis. Interstitial pneumonia was found in one case. All cases showed marked elevation of serum creatine kinase level. On muscle biopsy, there were endomysial mononuclear cell infiltrations in all cases. Three-fourths of patients responded to immunosuppressant therapy (74%). <접수일 :2008년 6월 2일, 심사통과일 :2008년 9월 9일> 통신저자 : 최영철서울시강남구도곡동 영동세브란스병원신경과 Tel:02) , Fax:02) , ycchoi@yuhs.ac 296

2 오승헌외 : Diagnosis of Polymyositis using ENMC Diagnostic Criteria Conclusion: Using ENMC criteria, the frequency of PM was lower than that had been reported previously. The results of clinical characteristics, response to therapy and clinical outcome were similar to the previous reports. However, association of malignancy or CTDs was low in PM. Key Words: Polymyositis, Inflammatory myopathy, Malignancy, Connective tissue disorders, Diagnostic criteria 서론다발성근염 (polymyositis: PM) 은피부근염 (dermatomyositis: DM), 봉합체근염 (inclusion body myositis: IBM) 과함께특발성근염 (idiopathic inflammatory myopathy) 의한아형으로분류되는자가면역성근육질환으로유병률은인구 0만명당 6 8명으로추정된다 (). 다발성근염은임상적으로주로성인에서발생하며, 아급성으로진행하는근위부의근력약화가특징이다. 침범하는부위는주로골격근이지만그외심장, 폐, 골관절등의장기도침범될수있다. 혈청학적검사상혈청크레아틴인산효소 (creatine kinase: CK) 의현저한증가와근전도검사상근병증 (myopathy) 소견이관찰되며병리소견에서는근섬유내단핵구세포의침윤이나근섬유의괴사등으로진단할수있다. 활성화된단핵구세포는주로세포독성 (cytotoxic) CD8 + T세포들로이루어져있으며스테로이드등의면역억제제에반응을보여세포-매개면역반응 (cell-mediated immune response) 이주된기전으로생각되고있다 (2,3). 주로특발성 (idiopathic) 으로발병하지만소수에서는바이러스감염이나악성종양등과의연관성도보고되고있다 (4,5). 일부에서결체조직질환 (connective tissue disorder) 과동반하기도하는데, 이러한경우중복증후근 (overlap syndrome) 이라고하며, 때로는중증근무력증, 하시모토갑상선염등의자가면역질환과도동반되기도한다 (6-8). 다발성근염은피부근염및봉합체근염과는병인과병리소견그리고치료반응의정도가다른질환이지만근력약화라는공통적인증상을공유하기때문에특징적인임상소견이나타나지않는경우에는감별이어려울때가많다. 975년 Bohan과 Peter 등은임상증상, 피부발진의여부와혈청검사, 전기전도검사, 근육병리소견의특징을바탕으로하여특발성근염을다발성근염, 피부근염, 소아형다발성근염및피부근 염 (juvenile type), 악성종양과동반된다발성근염및피부근염, 결체조직질환과동반된다발성근염및피부근염등의다섯가지의아형으로분류하였다 (9,0). 그러나최근연구들을통하여 Bohan과 Peter 등에의한특발성근염의고전적분류법으로는특발성근염의아형들을감별하는데여러가지문제점이대두되었다 (8,). 우선 Bohan과 Peter 분류법은특발성근염의각아형에대한병리학적특성을고려하지않아피부근염과다발성근염의구분을피부병변의유무로만의존하였기때문에임상적으로는피부발진이없지만병리소견에서피부근염이확인되는경우 (dermatomyositis siné rash) 다발성근염으로오진할수있고, 특히최근의외국연구들에서는봉합체근염의빈도가과거알려진것에비해다발성근염보다높다는보고들도있다 (2). 고전적분류에는봉합체근염에대한개념이없기때문에봉합체근염을다발성근염으로분류하게되는큰문제가있다. 따라서이러한문제들로인해최근고전적분류법을수정하고임상증상과더불어세분화된병리소견을중심으로특발성근염을재분류하여다발성근염의특징을재고찰하고자하려는노력이계속되고있다 (6,3,4). 이에저자들은고전적분류법을보완한여러재분류법중 2004년 European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) workshop에서제정한분류법에의해서 (3) 특발성근염으로진단된환자들중다발성근염을분류하여빈도를조사하고환자들의임상적, 병리학적특징등을분석하였다. 대상및방법. 대상환자및다발성근염의진단분류방법 999년 월부터 2005년 월까지후향적연구를통해특발성근염으로진단된환자들중 ENMC 분류법에서 (3) 다발성근염의진단기준을만족하는환자 297

3 대한류마티스학회지제 5 권제 4 호 2008 들을조사하였다. 특발성근염은근생검에서염증세포가근세포내로침윤을확인함으로진단하였고, 가족력이있는경우, 근세포독성이보고된약물 (D-penicillamine, zidovudine, statin 등 ) 에노출된경우, 갑상선질환이나부갑상선질환등의내분비질환이동반된경우, 신경학적검사나근전도검사에서신경병증이관찰된환자들은연구에서제외하였다. ENMC workshop에서제시한다발성근염의진단은 ) 임상증상으로 8세이상에서증상이발생해서점차진행하는양상을보이며근력약화가대칭적이면서몸쪽근육에서뚜렷하고, 2) 혈청검사에서혈청 CK의상승또는혈청내근염-특이항원 (myositis-specific antigen: MSA) 이양성인경우, 3) 근전도검사상근병증 (myopathy) 에합당한소견, 그리고 4) 상기조건을모두만족하면서근조직검사에서비괴사성 (non-necrotic) 근세포내부로 T세포가침윤하는경우를확정적인 (definite) PM으로, 비괴사성근세포내부로의염증세포침윤은없지만근내막에염증세포가관찰되는경우를추정적 (probable) PM으로정의하였다 (3). 다발성근염의제외기준으로는 ) 피부발적 (Heliotrope rash, Gottron s sign) 이관찰되는경우, 2) 피부발적이없더라도근생검에서다발주변위축 (perifascicular atrophy) 과모세혈관의비후및확장, 피브린응고물 (fibrin clot) 이관찰되는경우에는피부근염으로정의하여다발성근염의진단기준에서제외하였다. 그리고신경학적검사에서비대칭적이거나원위부에주로근위약이관찰된환자, 근생검에서봉입체 (rimmed vacuole) 혹은아밀로이드침착물 (amyloid deposit) 등이관찰되는환자는진단기준상봉합체근염으로진단하여기준에서배제하였다. 이외근생검상비괴사성근육세포나근육세포주위에서는염증세포의침윤이관찰되지않으면서혈관주위에만염증세포가관찰되는경우에는 ENMC 분류에서비특이성근염 (non-specific myositis) 으로분류되므로다발성근염의진단기준에서제외하였다 (3). 2. 다발성근염의임상증상과혈청, 근전도및근조직검사환자들의의무기록을조사하여발병시기, 성별, 첫증상, 근력약화의정도, 골격근외장기침범등의유무등을조사하였고예후는치료개시 6개월후임 상증상의호전정도를측정하여치료전과비교하였다. 스테로이드를포함한면역억제제치료후반응은 Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system을이용하여상, 하지근육의근력을신경과의사가측정하였다. 치료후 MRC grade 5로완전회복한경우완전회복 (complete recovery), 치료전과치료후의근력차이가 MRC grade 2 이상으로호전된경우부분회복 (partial recovery) 으로, MRC grade 2 미만으로회복한경우에는반응없음 (refractory) 으로정의하였다. 재발 (relapse) 은증상호전후다시 MRC grade가악화되거나혈청 CK가비정상적인증가를보였을때로정의하였다. 혈청학적검사로는혈청 CK 수치를치료전과치료 6개월후에측정하였다. 스테로이드치료전환자들의혈청 rheumatoid factor (6명), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA, 20명 ), anti-dsdna antibody (5명), c-anca (6명), p-anca (6명), anti-ro/la antibody (7명), anti-rnp antibody (0명), anti-smooth muscle antibody (7명) 를검사하였다. 근염-특이항원의하나인혈청 anti Jo- antibody 검사를효소면역분석법 (enzyme immunoassay: EIA) 방법으로 20명의환자에서시행하였다. 흉부방사선촬영상간질양폐렴 (interstitial pneumonia) 이의심되는환자에서는흉부컴퓨터단층촬영 (computed tomography: CT) 과폐기능검사를시행하였다. 결체조직질환및자가면역질환과의연관성에대한확인은각결체조직질환의진단기준을사용하여류마티스관절염 (rheumatoid arthritis) (5), 전신홍반루푸스 (systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE) (6), 전신성경화증 (systemic sclerosis 혹은 scleroderma) (7), 쇼그렌증후군 (Sjögren s syndrome) (8) 그리고복합결체조직질환 (mixed connective tissue disease: MCTD) (9) 을류마티스내과전문의의협진을통하여진단하였다. 근생검은외측광근 (vastus lateralis), 이두박근 (biceps), 또는삼각근 (deltoid) 에서시행하였다. 염색방법으로 H&E, Gomori Trichrome, ATPase PH 9.4/4.6/4.3, NADPH-TR 염색을시행하였다. 5명의환자에서는추가적으로 CD8 + 세포면역염색을시행하였고, 일차근생검시염증반응이국소적이거나미약하여다발성근염으로진단하지못했던환자 2명은추가적으로반복근생검을시행하여진단하였다. 298

4 오승헌외 : Diagnosis of Polymyositis using ENMC Diagnostic Criteria 결과 6년동안총 97명의특발성근염환자가진단되었고이들중 ENMC 분류법으로다발성근병증에합당한소견을보인환자는총 23명 (24%) 이었다. 이중 definite PM을만족하는환자가 5명 (5%), probable PM에합당한환자는 8명 (9%) 이었다.. 다발성근병증환자들의병리학적소견근생검에서환자들모두근내막 (endomysium) 에서염증세포의침윤이관찰되었고염증세포는주로단핵구 (mononuclear cell) 였다. 5명 (22%) 의환자들에서비괴사성근세포내와근세포주위에염증세포의침윤을관찰할수있었으며 ( 그림 A), 8명 (78%) 의환자들에서는근세포내염증세포의침윤은관찰되지않았으나근세포주위에염증세포가관찰되었다 ( 그 림 B). 7명 (30%) 의환자에서는혈관주위염증세포의침윤이동반되었으나다발주변위축은관찰되지않았다. 명 의환자에서 fiber type I predominance가관찰되었다 ( 표 ). CD8 + 세포면역검사를시행한 5명의다발성근염환자들모두에서근내막및근주위막에서 CD8 + 림프구면역염색에강한양성반응을보였다 ( 그림 C). 본원에내원하기전타병원에서시행한근생검에서다발성근염으로진단하지못했던환자들중본원내원시시행한반복근생검에서근내막에뚜렷한염증세포의침윤을보여다발성근염으로진단할수있었던환자는 2명이었다. 2. 다발성근병증환자들의임상적, 혈청학적소견환자들의평균발병나이는 50±7세 (8 83) 로서 6명 (70%) 이 8세이후 40세이전인젊은성인이었다. 여자가 6명 (70%), 남자가 7명 (30%) 으로여자가더많았고평균유병기간은 0±0주 ( 48) 였다. 환 Fig.. Examples of muscle pathology in patients with PM. There were widespread mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrations on endomysium. (A) Inflammatory cells invaded into the nonnecrotic tissues (white arrows), which fulfilled the definite PM according to the ENMC diagnostic criteria. (B) Inflammatory cells only surround the non-necrotic tissues without invading the tissues, which fulfilled the probable PM. (C) There were numerous CD8 + T lymphocytes (brown color) on endomysium. 299

5 대한류마티스학회지제 5 권제 4 호 2008 Table. Pathologic findings in 23 patients with polymyositis on muscle biopsy Pathologic findings Endomysial mononuclear cell inflammation Infiltration into non-necrotic tissue (Definite PM) Only surrounding inflammation (Probable PM) CD8 + immunoreactivity Perivascular inflammation Fiber type I predominance Perifascicular atrophy Dilated vessel or fibrin clot Rimmed vacuole or amyloid deposit No./tot al No. 23/23 5/23 8/23 5/5 7/23 /23 0/23 0/23 0/23 (%) (00%) (22%) (78%) (00%) (30%) (0%) (0%) (0%) Table 3. Extramuscular symptoms in 23 patients with polymyositis Marker No. (%) Myalgia Fever Weight loss Arthralgia Raynaud s phenomenon Joint contracture Dyspnea Dysphagia (43%) (9%) (26%) (9%)* * (26%) (26%) *one patient was overlapped with rheumatoid arthritis, one patient had interstitial pneumonia, two patients were overlapped with systemic sclerosis Table 2. Initial symptoms in 23 patients with polymyositis Symptom No (%) Muscle weakness of limbs Muscle weakness of limbs+myalgia Muscle weakness of limbs+dyspnea Muscle weakness of head and neck Myalgia only Asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes 7 2 (74%) (9%) 자들의첫증상은사지의근력약화가 20명 (86%) 으로가장많았고이중 2명 (9%) 은근육통이, 명의환자에서호흡곤란이동반되었다. 명 의환자에서두부와경부의근력약화가첫증상으로나타났고 명 에서는근육통만단독으로나타났으며또한 명 의환자는임상증상이없이혈청간효소와 CK 수치의증가로발견되었다 ( 표 2). 임상증상으로환자모두에서사지의근력약화가관찰되었으며상, 하지근위부의대칭적인근력약화가뚜렷하였고점점진행하는양상이었다. 경부근력약화는 6명 (70%) 의환자에서관찰되었다. 안면의근력약화를호소한환자는 2명 (9%) 이었다. 근육외적인전신증상으로는근육통이 0명 (43%) 로가장많았고발열이 2명 (9%), 체중감소가 6명 (26%), 관절통이 2명 (9%), 레이노드현상이 명 이었으며관절강직이 명, 호흡곤란이 6명 (26%) 의환자에서관찰되었다 ( 표 3). 이 중관절통을호소한 명의환자는류마티스관절염과동반된중복증후군환자였다. 연하곤란을호소한환자는 6명 (26%) 이었는데이중 2명은전신성경화증이동반된환자였다. 명 의환자에서유방촬영술과흉부 CT 상유방암이진단되었다. 총 3명 (3%) 의환자에서결체조직과동반된중복증후군으로진단되었다. 이중 2명 (3%) 은수지부와안면부혹은경부에대칭적피부비후, 경화및경직을보여전신성경화증으로진단되었고 명은관절염및레이노드현상의증상과혈청학적검사상류마티스인자 (rheumatoid factor) 양성을보이는류마티스관절염환자였다. 결체조직질환이외자가면역질환과동반된경우는 예로다발성근염증상발현 3년전에 IgA 신증 (nephropathy) 으로진단되었다. 호흡곤란이동반된 6명의환자중 3명에서흉부방사선검사에서이상이발견되었는데 명은양측늑막하공간에섬유화 (fibrosis) 가, 명에서기관지-폐포 (broncho- alveolar) 음영의증가가관찰되었으며 명 에서는흉부방사선검사와흉부 CT 상간질양폐렴으로진단되었다. 심전도검사상에서는 2명의환자에서 도방실차단 (AV block) 이관찰되었고 명의환자에서경도의조기심실수축 (premature ventricular complex) 이관찰되었으나증상은없었으며그외환자들에서는특이소견은관찰되지않았다. 혈청학적검사에서환자들의평균 CK 수치는 5,238±9,052.3 IU/L (53 4,700) 으로증가되어있었 300

6 오승헌외 : Diagnosis of Polymyositis using ENMC Diagnostic Criteria 고근육세포의파괴를시사하는간효소수치들도모두증가되어있었다 (SGOT: 2±0 IU/L, SGPT: 09±89 IU/L, LDH,490±,09 U/L). 혈청 anti Jo- 항체는간질양폐렴이동반된환자를포함하여총 20 명의환자들에서검사하였는데모두음성이었다. 환자들은다양한자가면역표지자에서양성을보였는데특히항핵항체와 anti-ro/la 항체에대한양성률이검사를시행한환자중에서각각 55%, 47% 로높게나타났다 ( 표 4). 3. 다발성근염환자들의치료반응과예후 23명의환자중 5명 (22%) 의환자가치료개시 6개월안에완전회복을보였고 2명 (52%) 의환자가부분회복을보여총 7명 (74%) 의환자들이치료로증상호전을보였다. 이중스테로이드단독요법으로 4명 (6%) 이호전되었고 3명 (3%) 의환자에서는 azathioprine 혹은 methotrexate와같은면역억제제를추가투여한후증상이호전되었다. 2명 (9%) 의환자에서는스테로이드단독요법을시행하였으나증상호 Table 4. Positive rate of autoimmune markers in patients with polymyositis Marker No./total No. (%) RF*, ANA Anti-dsDNA ab c-anca p-anca Anti-Ro/La ab Anti-RNP ab Anti-smooth muscle ab Anti-Jo ab 4/6 /20 /5 0/6 /6 8/7 2/0 2/7 0/20 (25%) (55%) (7%) (0%) (7%) (47%) (20%) (29%) (0%) *one patient had rheumatoid arthritis, two patients had systemic sclerosis 전이없었다. 2명 (9%) 의환자에서는스테로이드단독요법을시행한후일시적으로증상이호전되었으나스테로이드감량후재발하여스테로이드재투여후증상이호전되었고, 명 (4.3%) 의환자에서는스테로이드에반응이없어면역글로블린 (immunoglobulin: IVIg) 을투여하였으나증상호전은없었다. 치료경과도중사망한환자는총 2명으로 (9%) 모두전신성경화증이동반된중복증후군으로, 그중한명은면역억제제와 IVIg 투여 2주후원인미상의호흡부전으로사망하였고, 한명에서는스테로이드단독요법 3주후급성심부전으로추정되는심장합병증으로사망하였다 ( 표 5). 치료로증상의호전이있었던 7명의환자에서검사한혈청 CK 수치 (542±765 IU/L) 는치료전 (7,939±,888 IU/L) 에비해감소하였다 (p<0.0, Wilcoxon signed rank test). 증상호전이관찰되지않은 6명의환자에서도치료후혈청 CK 수치 (606±723 IU/L) 는치료전 (2,87±3,377 IU/L) 에비해감소하는경향을보였으나통계적으로유의성은없었다 (p>0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). 3명의중복증후군환자들중 명 은완전회복을보였고 2명은사망 (9%) 하였으며결체조직질환이동반되지않은다발성근염환자 20명중 4명 (20%) 은완전회복을, 2명 (60%) 은부분회복을보였다. 회복되지않은 4명 (20%) 의환자중 2명 (0%) 에서치료에반응이없었고 2명 (0%) 에서재발하였으며사망한환자는없었다. 고찰본연구에서는 2004년 ENMC에서제시한분류법을사용하여 23명의다발성근염환자를진단하였는데그빈도는전체특발성근염의 24% 로서 Bohan과 Peter 분류에의한이전국외보고들에서의 40 70% Table 5. Response to treatment after 3 months in patients with polymyositis Treatment CR PR REF REC Death Steroid Steroid+immunosupressants* Steroird+immunosupressants+IVIg 5 (22%) 9 (39%) 3 (3%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (9%) 2 (9%) *azathioprine or methotrexate, Abbreviations: CR=complete recovery, PR=partial recovery, REF=refractory, REC=recurred 30

7 대한류마티스학회지제 5 권제 4 호 2008 보다낮은빈도를보였지만최근새로운진단기준을적용한외국의연구들과는유사한결과이다 (5). Bohan 과 Peter등이제시한분류법을적용했던이전의연구들은다발성근염이전체특발성근염중가장흔한유형으로보고하였으나최근연구들에서는봉합체근염과피부근염이다발성근염에비해더흔한질환임이밝혀지고 (2) 다발성근염은전체특발성근염중오직 5 20% 정도만차지하는드문질환임을보고하였다 (7,8). 최근기존의고전적분류법을보완하여제시되고있는대표적분류법으로는 Dalakas가제시한진단기준과 ENMC workshop에서제시한진단기준이있다. Dalakas가제시한다발성근염의진단기준은고전적분류법에서제시한임상증상, 혈청 CK 수치, 근전도검사등의기준을만족하면서병리소견으로비괴사성근세포내 CD8 + 림프구의침윤과근세포막에 MHC-(major histocompatibility complex-) 의발현이함께존재함을확인될때로국한하였다 (2,6). Dalakas 에의한분류법은병리소견을중요시하여다발성근염을진단하는데있어특이도가매우높다는장점이있으나근생검과더불어면역특수화학검사를필수적으로시행하여야하기때문에임상적으로시행하기에는어려움이있다 (8,20,2). ENMC 분류법은 Bohan 과 Peter 분류법과 Dalakas 분류법의단점을보완하여다발성근염의진단기준으로면역특수화학검사를요구하지않고고전적분류법에서제시되지않았던일반적인병리소견만을더욱세분화하여분류하였기때문에특발성근염을분류하는데있어유용하게사용될수있다는장점이있어서최근에는이진단기준으로표준화하여특발성근염을재분류하려는노력이시도되고있다 (22). ENMC 분류법을적용하더라도봉입체근염과다발성근염을감별하는것은매우어려운문제이지만현재까지제시되고있는분류법중에서임상의사들이가장정확하고경제적으로사용할수있다고생각된다. 본연구에서진단된 23명의다발성근염환자들의임상적특징은이전의보고와유사하여서 70% 의환자가 40세이전젊은성인에서발병했고여자가더많았다 (3,6). 본연구에서다발성근염의가장흔한증상은몸쪽근력약화였고근육통이두번째로많았는데근육통은환자의 30 50% 에서흔히호소한 다고알려져있다 (,23). 다발성근염에서근육외전신증상의빈도는 0 20% 에서동반되며일반적으로피부근염에비해드문것으로알려져있다 (24,25). 이전보고에서다발성근염환자에서간질양폐렴이약 0 25% 에서관찰되며 (26-28), 간질양폐렴이동반된다발성근염환자는 amino-acyl-trna synthetase 의일종인 histidine synthetase에특이적항체인 anti Jo- 항체가약 20% 정도에서양성이라고알려져있다 (29,30). 본연구에서는호흡곤란이일부의환자에서관찰되었으나대부분은흉곽근의근력약화로비롯된것으로추측되었으며간질양폐렴이확인된한명의환자는 anti Jo- 항체음성으로확인되어본연구에서간질양폐렴과다발성근염과의관계는명확히알수없었다. 이러한차이는본연구에참여한환자수가작고환자전원에서흉부 CT와같은정밀검사를시행하지않아민감도가낮았으리라생각된다. 본연구에서다발성근염과악성종양이동반된경우는 4% 로드물었다. 일반적으로피부근염에서악성종양의위험도는어느정도보고되고있으나 (3) 다발성근염은관련이없거나관련이있더라도피부근염에비해서는낮은위험도를보인다는연구도있다 (32). 그러나최근의대규모역학조사에서피부근염에서악성종양의위험도는정상인의 3배, 다발성근염에서정상인의.4배로나타나다발성근염도악성종양과의관련성이인정되고있으며호발종양은폐암, 난소암, 유방암등으로알려져있다 (4). 본연구에서는약 3% 의다발성근염환자들에서결체조직질환과동반된중복증후군으로진단되었고, 이중 2명은전신성경화증이동반되었다. 다발성근염에서동반되는결체조직질환으로는류마티스관절염과전신홍반루푸스, 그리고전신성경화증등이알려져있어본연구의결과와유사하였다 (3,23). 최근연구에서처음에는다발성근염단독으로발병하더라도장기간추적관찰하면중복증후군의빈도가점차높아진다고보고되었다 (7,8). 본연구에서도중복증후군의빈도는낮았지만많은수의환자가혈청결체조직질환특이항체에양성소견을보인다는점은향후결체조직질환이발생할가능성이있다고생각된다. 따라서다발성근염단독으로발병한환자라도결체조직질환이향후발생하는지면밀한추적 302

8 오승헌외 : Diagnosis of Polymyositis using ENMC Diagnostic Criteria 관찰이필요하다고생각된다. 다발성근염혹은피부근염과동반되는결체조직질환중전신성경화증이흔한것으로보고되고있어본연구와유사한결과를나타내었고 (7), 이두질환이중복된경우 다발성근염 / 전신성경화증중복증후군 (PM/Scl overlap syndrome) 이라명명하기도한다. Anti PM/Scl 특이항체가 PM/Scl 중복증후군환자의혈청에서 25% 에서발견되는데비해서다발성근염이나전신성경화증단독으로만발현된경우에는 3 8% 의환자에서만발견되기때문으로서 PM/Scl 중복증후군을각질환의중복이아닌하나의독특한질환으로분류하기도한다 (33,34). 본연구에서다발성근염환자의예후는대체적으로양호했으며스테로이드를포함한면역억제제치료에좋은반응을보여 50 75% 정도의환자에서양호한예후를보였던이전의보고들과유사하였다 (23,35-37). 그러나 25% 내외의환자에서는스테로이드치료에반응이없거나호전된후다시재발하였다. 기존의연구에서는면역글로불린정맥치료는면역억제제치료에실패하면시도해볼수있으나아직효과는확실하지않다. 치료적혈장반출술 (therapeutic plasmapheresis) 은대규모임상연구에서효과가없는것으로알려져있으나극히심한경우경험적으로시도해볼수있다 (38). 그러므로현재까지논란이있지만면억억제제에반응이없는환자에서는증상의경중을판단하여면역글로불린이나혈장반출술을사용해볼수있겠고향후연구가필요하리라생각된다. 본연구에서 6개월의관찰기간동안다발성근염의사망률은 9% 로서두명모두전신성경화증이동반된환자였는데, 환자들의사망은다발성근염과직접적인연관이있는지는뚜렷하지않았다. 이전한코호르트 (Cohort) 연구에서는특발성근염환자를대상으로하였을때 5년생존율은 95%, 0년생존율은 84% 로보고하였다 (37). 다발성근염과사망률의관계는고령, 악성종양과동반되었을경우, 심장이나폐등장기침범의여부등과관계가깊으며, 중복증후군의사망률은동반된결체조직질환의종류와증상의정도와더관련이깊으며, 다발성근염단독으로발병한경우와비교했을때사망률의차이는없었다고알려져있다 (35-37). 그러나다발성근염에 서의정확한사망률은진단기준의다양성및체계적인역학조사가현재까지많지않아알기어렵다. 추후체계화된진단기준을바탕으로장기간추적관찰을통한역학조사가이루어져야하며다발성근염환자들과중복증후군환자들을비교하여치료효과나예후및사망률등을분석하는연구가필요하다고생각된다. 결 저자등은다발성근염으로진단받은 23명의환자들의임상적, 병리학적특성과치료및예후등을조사하여보고하였다. 다발성근염의유병률은이전의보고와비교하였을때상대적으로낮았으며이는최근의분류법들은다발성근염에대해더욱엄격한진단기준을적용하기때문이라고생각된다. 임상적, 병리학적특성은이전의연구들과유사하였고악성종양및결체조직질환의동반은드물었다. 환자의 3/4에서치료반응및예후는양호했다. 추후장기간관찰및면역병리학적검사방법및근염-특이항체검출등의새로운방법들을시도하여특발성근염을정확하게분류하고다발성근염환자들의임상적, 병리학적특성을피부근염, 봉합체근염환자들과도비교하는연구가진행되어야한다고생각된다. 론 참고문헌 ) DeVere R, Bradley WG. Polymyositis: its presentation, morbidity and mortality. Brain 975;98: ) Arahata K, Engel AG. Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. V: identification and quantitation of T8+ cytotoxic and T8+ suppressor cells. Ann Neurol 988;23: ) Dalakas MC, Hohlfeld R. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Lancet 2003;362: ) Hill CL, Zhang Y, Sigurgeirsson B, Pukkala E, Mellemkjaer L, Airio A, et al. Frequency of specific cancer types in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a population-based study. Lancet 200;357: ) Buchbinder R, Forbes A, Hall S, Dennett X, Giles G. Incidence of malignant disease in biopsy-proven inflammatory myopathy. A population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 200;34: ) Dalakas MC. Polymyositis, dermatomyositis and 303

9 대한류마티스학회지제 5 권제 4 호 2008 inclusion-body myositis. N Engl J Med 99;325: ) Troyanov Y, Targoff IN, Tremblay JL, Goulet JR, Raymond Y, Senecal JL. Novel classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on overlap syndrome features and autoantibodies: analysis of 00 French Canadian patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84: ) van der Meulen MF, Bronner IM, Hoogendijk JE, Burger H, van Venrooij WJ, Voskuyl AE, et al. Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity. Neurology 2003;6: ) Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 975;292: ) Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 975;292: ) Amato AA, Griggs RC. Unicorns, dragons, polymyositis, and other mythological beasts. Neurology 2003;6: ) Chahin N, Engel AG. Correlation of muscle biopsy, clinical course, and outcome in PM and sporadic IBM. Neurology 2008;70: ) Hoogendijk JE, Amato AA, Lecky BR, Choy EH, Lundberg IE, Rose MR, et al. 9th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 0-2 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2004;4: ) Griggs RC, Askanas V, DiMauro S, Engel A, Karpati G, Mendell JR, et al. Inclusion body myositis and myopathies. Ann Neurol 995;38: ) Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 988;3: ) Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. The 982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 982;25: ) Subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum 980;23: ) Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Moutsopoulos HM, Balestrieri G, Bencivelli W, Bernstein RM, et al. Preliminary criteria for the classification of Sjogren's syndrome. Results of a prospective concerted action supported by the European Community. Arthritis Rheum 993;36: ) Nimelstein SH, Brody S, McShane D, Holman HR. Mixed connective tissue disease: a subsequent evaluation of the original 25 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 980;59: ) Bradley WG. Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity. Neurology 2004;63:402. 2) Hengstman GJ, van Engelen BG. Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity. Neurology 2004;63: ) Hengstman GJ, van Engelen BG. Polymyositis, invasion of non-necrotic muscle fibres, and the art of repetition. BMJ 2004;329: ) Scola RH, Werneck LC, Prevedello DM, Toderke EL, Iwamoto FM. Diagnosis of dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a study of 02 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000;58: ) Ramirez G, Asherson RA, Khamashta MA, Cervera R, D'Cruz D, Hughes GR. Adult-onset polymyositisdermatomyositis: description of 25 patients with emphasis on treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 990; 20: ) Hochberg MC, Feldman D, Stevens MB. Adult onset polymyositis/dermatomyositis: an analysis of clinical and laboratory features and survival in 76 patients with a review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 986;5: ) Douglas WW, Tazelaar HD, Hartman TE, Hartman RP, Decker PA, Schroeder DR, et al. Polymyositis-dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200;64: ) Marie I, Hachulla E, Cherin P, Dominique S, Hatron PY, Hellot MF, et al. Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;47: ) Hirakata M, Nagai S. Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000;2: ) Hochberg MC, Feldman D, Stevens MB, Arnett FC, Reichlin M. Antibody to Jo- in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis: association with interstitial pulmonary disease. J Rheumatol 984;: ) Spath M, Schroder M, Schlotter-Weigel B, Walter MC, Hautmann H, Leinsinger G, et al. The long-term outcome of anti-jo--positive inflammatory myopathies. J Neurol 2004;25: ) Sigurgeirsson B, Lindelof B, Edhag O, Allander E. Risk of cancer in patients with dermatomyositis or 304

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