untitled
|
|
- 영빈 증
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clinical Pediatric HematologyOncology Volume 21 ㆍ Number 1 ㆍ April 2014 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 단일기관에서진단받은유전혈색소병증의임상적고찰 신종수ㆍ이문정ㆍ정현주ㆍ박준은 아주대학교의과대학소아청소년과학교실 A Clinical Study on Hereditary Hemoglobinopathy: a Single Institute Experience Jong Soo Shin, M.D., Moon Jung Lee, M.D., Hyun Joo Jung, M.D. and Jun Eun Park, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Background: Hemoglobinopathy is inherited anemia characterized by abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule and has been known to be rare in Korea. However, hemoglobinopathy in children has been reported more frequently than in past with the recent advancement of molecular testing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory findings, prevalence and complications of hemoglobinopathy of children. Methods: Data of pediatric patients diagnosed with hemoglobinopathy from 2002 to February 2014 at Ajou University Hospital were surveyed. We analyzed patients characteristics from clinical and laboratory findings retrospectively. Results: Among a total of 10 children who were diagnosed with hemoglobinopathy, 9 patients were confirmed hemoglobinopathy by gene analysis. Eight patients had β thalassemia, 1 hemoglobin D disease, and 1 hemoglobin Koriyama. In most of the children, anemia was found incidentally and most of the children did not have symptoms. In the initial blood test, their mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.0 g/dl (range: g/dl), mean corrected reticulocyte count was 3.9% (range: 0.9%12.2%), and mean total bilirubin level was 1.0 mg/dl (range: mg/dl). Conclusion: The analysis of clinical and laboratory features showed that the characteristics of each type of hemoglobinopathy were similar to that previously reported. We recommend considering hemoglobinopathy if pediatric patient presents with hemolytic anemia. A well organized diagnostic approach including molecular genetic analysis is needed for accurate diagnoses and appropriate management of hemoglobinopathy. Key Words: Hemoglobinopathy, Anemia, β thalassemia pissn / eissn Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014;21:9 15 Received on March 31, 2014 Revised on April 5, 2014 Accepted on April 14, 2014 Corresponding Author: Jun Eun Park Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcupro, Yeongtonggu, Suwon , Korea Tel: Fax: pedpje@ajou.ac.kr 서론적혈구에서혈색소는산소를운반하는역할을한다. 정상혈색소는헴 (heme) 과글로빈 (globin) 으로구성되고글로빈은 α와 α, β와 β, 두쌍의폴리펩티드사슬로구성되며출생후 에는혈색소 A(α2β2), 혈색소 F(α2γ2) 와혈색소 A2 (α2δ2) 가나타난다 [1,2]. 정상에서는이글로빈사슬이균형을유지하지만뉴클레오티드의대치, 결손, 삽입등으로인해아미노산배열이바뀌게되면글로빈사슬의이상이생기게되고혈색소병증을일으키게된다 [3]. 유전혈색소병증은지중해빈혈증과비정상혈색소증으로나눌수있으며, 지중해빈혈증은혈색 9
2 Jong Soo Shin, et al 소를구성하는글로빈사슬의결핍에의한양적인불균형에의하여발생하고, 비정상혈색소증은글로빈사슬의구조적이상에의하여발생하게된다. β 지중해빈혈증은 β 글로빈사슬생성에이상이생기고, α 지중해빈혈증은 α 글로빈사슬생성에이상이생겨서글로빈사슬간에양적인불균형이생기게되며, 이상이없는글로빈사슬의양에따라임상증상이다르게나타난다. 비정상혈색소증의임상양상은그유형에따라다양하게나타난다. 예를들어헤모글로빈 C병과헤모글로빈 S병은중한임상적특징을보이고, 헤모글로빈 E병과헤모글로빈 D병은비교적경한임상적특징을보인다 [4]. 소아의빈혈중에는철결핍빈혈과감염성빈혈이가장높은비율을차지하나최근들어생활수준의향상, 감염성질환의감소와분자진단, 유전자검사등의진단기술의발전을통하여소아의선천성혈색소병증의진단이꾸준히증가하고있다 [5]. 또, 과거에는한국에서혈색소병증의보고가드물었으나최근동남아시아에서인구가유입되고국제결혼이많아져혈색소병증의유병률이많아졌을것으로생각된다 [6,7]. 전국적규모의국내현황으로는대한혈액학회에서안등이 1981년부터 1990년까지 10년간의자료를수집하여 934예의후천성용혈빈혈과유전용혈빈혈을보고한이후, 조등이 1997년부터 2006년까지유전용혈빈혈의후향적조사를보고하였고, 박등이 2007년부터 2011년까지 195예의유전용혈빈혈을보고하였다 [6,8,9]. 이보고들을보면과거에는한국에서희귀한질환이었던혈색소병증이시간이갈수록지속적으로증가하고있음을알수있다. 이에저자들은 2002년부터 2014년 2월까지 13년간아주대학교병원소아청소년과에내원한환자중혈색소병증으로진단받은환자에대하여임상및검사상의특징과합병증의빈도및질병경과를알아보기위하여본연구를시행하였다. 대상및방법 2002년부터 2014년 2월까지아주대학교병원소아청소년과에내원하여혈색소병증으로진단받은 10명을대상으로하였다. 혈색소병증의진단은혈색소전기영동검사를통하여 Hb A, Hb F, Hb A2를분석하였고, 중합효소연쇄반응을통한염기서열분석을시행하여 α 글로빈유전자 ( gene on chromosome 16p13.3) 와 β 글로빈유전자 ( gene on chromosome 11p15.5) 를검사하였다. 환자들의의무기록지를바탕으로하여진단적분류에따라나누어서성별, 나이, 초기임상증상, 가족력, 신체검사소견, 초기검사소견 ( 일반혈액검사, 망상적혈구수, 평균적혈구용적 (mean corpuscular volume), 락트산탈수소효소 (lactate dehydrogenase), 혈청빌리루빈, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 혈색소전기영동검사, 유전자검사 ), 진단시검사소견, 진단후경과관찰후의검사소견을조사하였다. 결과 1) 임상양상 13년간의연구기간가운데총 10명이혈색소병증으로진단받았고 β 지중해빈혈증은 8명, 헤모글로빈 D 병 1명, Hb Koriyama 1명씩이었다. 남자 : 여자의비가 4:6으로성별차이는크지않았으며, 환자 10명과그들의직계가족모두한국인이었다. 혈색소병증전체의평균연령은 11.3세 ( 범위 : 세 ) 였으며, β 지중해빈혈의평균연령은 12.4세 ( 범위 : 세 ), 헤모글로빈 D병환자의연령은 5.5세, Hb Koriyama 환자의연령은 세였다 (Table 1). 대부분환자들의진단시초기증상은무증상이었다. 8명 (80%) 은다른이유로인하여혈액검사를하던중우연히빈혈이발견되었다. β 지중해빈혈 1명, Hb Koriyama 1명의총 2명의환자들만초기증상으로황달이나적색뇨가있어빈혈검사를시행받았다. 빈혈을처음진단받고혈색소병증으로진단받기까지는평균 1년 9개월이걸렸고, 6명 (60%) 은진단받기전까지경구철분제를복용했었다. β 지중해빈혈환자 8명중 6명 (75%) 이빈혈의가족력이있었다. 그중에서 3명은부모중한명이 β 지중해빈혈이있었다 (Table 2). 2) 검사항목혈색소병증전체 10명의초기혈액검사결과로평균혈색소는 10.0 g/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 였고, 평균망상적혈구수는 3.9% ( 범위 : 0.9%12.2%), 평균적혈구용적의평균은 66.6 fl ( 범위 : fl), 평균총빌리루빈수치는 1.0 mg/dl ( 범위 : mg/dl), 평균락트산탈수소효소의수치는 U/L ( 범위 : 1351,225 U/L) 였다. 혈색소전기영동검사에서평균 Hb A2는 5.6% ( 범위 : 2.0%9.9%) 이었다. Hb Koriyama 환자가가장낮은혈색소수치, 가장높은망상적혈구수와총빌리루빈수치, 락트산탈수소효소수치를보였다 (Table 1). 3) 유전자검사전체환자 10명중 9명에게서 β 글로빈유전자에서돌연변이확인을위해검사를시행하였고 1명은시행예정이다. 검사를시행한환자중 8명이 β 글로빈유전자에서돌연변이에 10 Vol. 21, No. 1, April 2014
3 Hereditary Hemoglobinopathy Table 1. Characteristics of the study population at initial evaluation Parameters βthalassemia (n=8) Hb D disease (n=1) Hb Koriyama (n=1) All (n=10) Demographic data Male:Female Mean age at px, y (range) Mean age at dx, y (range) Family history of anemia Family history of thalassemia Presenting symptoms Jaundice Red urine Complete blood count Mean Hb, g/dl (range) Mean MCV, fl (range) Mean MCH, pg (range) Mean creti, % (range) Hemoglobin electrophoresis Mean Hb A, % (range) Mean Hb F, % (range) Mean Hb A 2, % (range) Chemistry, mean Mean AST, IU/L (range) Mean ALT, IU/L (range) Mean Total bilirubin, mg/dl (range) Mean LDH, U/L (range) 4: (5.119) 7.3 (1.315) 6 (75%) 3 (37.5%) 1 (12.5%) 10.4 ( ) 59.3 ( ) 1 ( ) 1.3 (0.91.8) 90.1 ( ) 4.3 ( ) 5.6 (2.09.9) 26.4 (1236) 18.9 (644) 0.5 (0.31.1) ( ) 0: : , : (4.219) 6.8 (1.3) 6 (60%) 3 (30%) 2 (20%) 1 (10%) 10.0 ( ) 66.6 ( ) 20.9 ( ) 3.9 ( ) 88.4 ( ) 3.9 ( ) 5.2 (2.09.9) 31.3 (1265) 18.8 (644) 1.0 (0.35.8) (1351,225) px, presentation; dx, diagnosis; Hb D disease, hemoglobin D disease; Hb Koriyama, hemoglobin Koriyama; Hb, hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; creti, corrected reticulocyte; Hb A, hemoglobin A; Hb F, hemoglobin F; Hb A2, hemoglobin A2; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. Table 2. Genotypes and phenotypes of individual children Dx Gene Mutation Age at dx (yr) Presenting symptom Hb (g/dl) creti (%) Tbil (mg/dl) Family history RBC Tf Complication HbD Hb Koriyama Codon 17 A>T Codon315+1G>A, (IVS II1G>A) Codon 2 T>G Codon 1 A>G Codon 37 G>A Codon 81A>G Codon 1 T>G Codon 17 A>T Codon dup, (Codon 9397dup), p.c94_h98dup, Jaundice Hematuria, jaundice βthal Anemia βthal βthal Anemia Anemia Yes Hepatosplenomegaly, calvarial vault thickening Dx, diagnosis; yr, years; Hb, hemoglobin; creti, corrected reticulocyte; Tbil, total bilirubin; RBC Tf, transfusion of red blood cells; βthal, βthalassemia; Hb Koriyama, hemoglobin Koriyama. 의한우성유전 β 지중해빈혈로진단받았고 1명에게서 5번째아미노산의 94에서 98번째 codon이중복되어있는이형접합돌연변이, c.280_294dup, p.(cys94_his98)dup. 을발견 하여 Hb Koriyama 를진단하였다 [10] (Table 2). Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 11
4 Jong Soo Shin, et al 4) β 지중해빈혈 β 지중해빈혈을진단받은 8명은모두경증 β 지중해빈혈의표현형을가졌다. 그들은평균 7.3세 ( 범위 : 1.315세 ) 에진단을받았다. 1명만이황달이초기증상으로있었고나머지는다른이유로혈액검사를하던중발견되었다 (Table 1). 초기검사소견과마지막추적관찰검사에서빈혈은경하게낮았고총빌리루빈수치는정상범위에있었다. 초기검사시평균혈색소수치는 10.4 g/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 였고평균망상적혈구수는 1.3% ( 범위 : 0.9%1.8%), 평균적혈구용적의평균은 59.3 fl ( 범위 : fl), 평균총빌리루빈수치는 0.5 mg/dl ( 범위 : mg/dl) 였다 (Table 1). 추적관찰중마지막검사시평균혈색소수치는 10.6 g/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 이었고평균망상적혈구수는 1.3% ( 범위 : 1.0%1.8%) 였으며평균적혈구용적의평균은 58.7 fl ( 범위 : fl), 평균총빌리루빈수치는 0.6 mg/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 였다 (Table 3). 8명의환자에서발견된 유전자의돌연변이는모두한국인에서보고되었던돌연변이였다. 초기증상으로황달이있던남자환자는 유전자가 codon 37 (T A) 로치환된돌연변이였으며그의어머니도 β 지중해빈혈을가지고있었다. 5) 헤모글로빈 D병헤모글로빈 D병을진단받은여자환자는급성후두염으로혈액검사를시행하여빈혈이발견되었고 4.2세에진단받았 다. 초기검사시혈색소수치는 10.9 g/dl였으며망상적혈구수는 5.9% 였고, 평균적혈구용적은 88.8 fl, 총빌리루빈수치는 1.0 mg/dl이었다. 혈색소전기영동검사에서 Hb F는 0.7%, Hb A2는 4.1% 로증가해있었으며 Hb D는 24.6% 로증가해있어헤모글로빈 D병을진단할수있었다. 이환자를 8개월간추적관찰하였으며마지막검사시혈색소수치는 10.9 g/dl, 망상적혈구수는 3.7% 였고, 평균적혈구용적은 92.7 fl, 총빌리루빈수치는 1.2 mg/dl이었다 (Table 2). 6) Hb Koriyama Hb Koriyama를진단받은여자환자는재태연령 37주에 2,750 g으로이상없이개인병원에서출생되었고생후 2일총빌리루빈 13.0 mg/dl의황달을보여본원에입원하였다. 광선치료후황달은치료되었으나 3개월후적색뇨와창백함을주소로다시내원하였고당시검사소견은혈색소는 4.4 g/dl 였고, 망상적혈구수는 12.2%, 평균적혈구용적은 92.2 fl, 총빌리루빈은 5.8 mg/dl이었고심한빈혈을보여농축적혈구를수혈받았다. 그후추적관찰하며유전성용혈성빈혈의감별을위해삼투압취약성검사, 적혈구막단백질검사를시행하였으나정상이었으며, 혈색소전기영동검사에서 Hb A는 92.7% 로낮았고 Hb F는 4.1% 로높았으며 Hb A2는 3.2% 로정상범위였다 [10]. 와 HBA 유전자검사를시행하여 Hb Koriyama를진단하였다 [10]. 그후추적관찰하며마지막검사시혈색소는 6.6 g/dl이며, 망상적혈구수는 3.7%, 평균적혈구 Table 3. Characteristics of the study population at followup Parameters βthal (n=8) Hb D (n=1) Hb Koriyama (n=1) All (n=10) Followup Mean FU duration, y (range) Mean age at FU, y (range) Complete blood count Mean Hb, g/dl (range) Mean MCV, fl (range) Mean MCH, pg (range) Mean creti, % (range) Chemistry AST, IU/L (range) ALT, IU/L (range) Total bilirubin, mg/dl (range) Complications Splenomegaly Growth retardation Calvarial vault thickening 4.1 (0.68.5) 9.3 (3.116) 10.6 ( ) 58.8 ( ) 18.8 ( ) 1.3 (1.01.8) 26.5 (1236) 14.6 (622) 0.6 (0.41.1) 2 (25%) 2 (25%) (0.6) 8.9 (3.116) 10.2 ( ) 69.5 ( ) 21.2 ( ) 1.4 (1.03.7) 32.4 (1272) 14.6 (622) 1.2 (0.46.4) 3 (30%) 3 (30%) 1 (12.5%) βthal, βthalassemia; Hb D, hemoglobin D disease; Hb Koriyama, hemoglobin Koriyama; FU, follow up; Hb, hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; creti, corrected reticulocyte; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase. 12 Vol. 21, No. 1, April 2014
5 Hereditary Hemoglobinopathy 용적은 fl, 총빌리루빈은 6.4 mg/dl로정기적인수혈을받으며경과관찰중이다 [10]. 7) 치료대부분의환자들은경과관찰기간중에약물, 수혈등의치료를받지않았고 Hb Koriyama 환자 1명만이정기적인농축적혈구수혈을받았다. 그녀는생후 3개월에첫수혈을받은이후로 3개월마다정기적으로수혈을받고있으며, 3세에비장절제술을받았고, 현재철분킬레이트제와엽산을복용하고있다. 8) 결과대부분의환자들은신체검사에서이상소견이없었다. 진단당시비장비대가있는환자는 β 지중해빈혈환자 2명 (25%), Hb Koriyama 환자 1명 (100%) 이었고, 담석증이있는환자는없었다. 모든환자에게추적관찰중두개골단순방사선검사를시행하였고 Hb Koriyama 환자가 6.5세일때두개골의확장과비후가발견되었다 (Table 2, 3). 외래에서추적관찰하며환자들의신장과체중을측정하였고 β 지중해빈혈환자 2명 (20%), Hb Koriyama 환자 1명 (100%) 이신장과체중이 10백분위수미만이었으며, 3백분위수미만인환자는없었다. 고찰유전용혈빈혈은유전적으로적혈구가정상적인수명을살지못하고빨리파괴되어순환혈액에서제거되며골수의생산능력보다파괴가더많아빈혈이발생하게되는것을말한다 [5]. 병인에따라적혈구막이상, 혈색소병증, 효소결핍으로분류가된다 [3]. 유전용혈빈혈중적혈구막이상은가장흔한원인이며단일기관에서의임상적고찰, 분자진단적고찰등이보고되고있다. 이에반해혈색소병증은우리나라에서희귀한질환으로알려져있었고국내기관에서의보고는드물었다 [6,8]. 그러나최근유전자검사, 분자진단검사등진단기술의발전으로유전혈색소병증으로진단받는환자는꾸준히증가하고있어혈색소병증에대한보고가필요하였다 [6,8,9,11]. 2002년부터 2014년 2월까지아주대학교병원소아청소년과에내원하여혈색소병증으로진단받은 10명과국내에서전국적인규모로시행한유전용혈빈혈의보고들에서혈색소병증의빈도, 진단시주소, 가족력, 진단시혈액검사소견, 치료등을비교해보았다. 소아의혈색소병증의증례수는안등이보고한 1981년부터 1990년까지의연구에서는 10명이었고, 조등이보고한 1997년부터 2006년까지유전용혈빈혈의조사에서는 20 명, 박등이보고한 2007년부터 2011년까지의유전용혈빈혈의조사에서는 39명이었다 [6,8,9]. 본연구는 2002년부터 2007년까지 4명, 2008년부터 2014년까지 6명을진단하였다. 시간이지날수록증례수가많아지고유전용혈빈혈전체에서의비율도많아지는것을알수있으며, 이는분자진단기법의발전과동남아시아에서의인구유입에따른것으로보인다 [6,9]. 전국규모의세보고모두에서진단시주소는무증상, 창백, 비장비대, 황달의순서로흔하게나타났다. 본보고에서는무증상 8명 (80%), 황달 2명 (20%) 의순서로나타났다 [6,8,9]. 이러한현상으로볼때증상이경하여발견하지못하고있는 β 지중해빈혈증이나다른혈색소병증이있다는것을생각할수있다. 현재혈색소병증의유병률이높은동남아시아지역으로부터인구유입이증가되고있으므로이런혈색소병증의발생빈도는증가할것이기때문에철분제로치료되지않는빈혈환자는혈색소병증을의심해보고신체검사, 분자진단검사등을시행해보아야겠다 [7]. 조등의보고에서는혈색소병증환자중 60% 에서가족력이있었고, 박등의보고에서는 52% 에서가족력이있었다 [6,9]. 본보고에서는 6명 (60%) 에서가족력이있었으며위의보고들과비슷한빈도를보였다. 평균혈색소는조등의보고에서는 9.3±1.4 g/dl였고, 박등의보고에서는 10.4±2.3 g/dl였으며본연구에서는 10.0 g/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 였다. 박등의보고에서평균망상적혈구수는 1.8±1.4% 였고, 평균적혈구용적의평균은 74.3±17.4 fl, 평균총빌리루빈수치는 7.2±10.1 mg/dl였다 [6]. 본보고에서평균망상적혈구수는 3.9% ( 범위 : %) 였고, 평균적혈구용적의평균은 66.6 fl ( 범위 : fl), 평균총빌리루빈수치는 1.0 mg/dl ( 범위 : mg/dl) 로검사소견은전국규모의보고들과차이를보이지않았다. 치료로는조등의보고에서혈색소병증환자들중 10% 에서비장절제술을시행받았고, 박등의보고에서는혈색소병증환자들은비장절제술을받지않았고 10% 에서적혈구수혈을하였다. 본보고에서는 10% 에서비장절제술을시행받고 10% 에서수혈을받았다. 전국규모의보고들은유전용혈빈혈전체를대상으로하였고, 본연구에서는혈색소병증만연구한보고이며, 증례수가많지않아직접적인비교는어려우나빈도, 주소, 가족력, 검사소견, 치료등이전국규모의보고들과큰차이를보이지않음을알수있다 [6,8,9]. 본보고와위의전국규모보고의차이로는박등의보고에서는 α 지중해빈혈 5명, β 지중해빈혈 20명, 불안정혈색소병 1명이었으나, 본보고에서는 α 지중해빈혈이없었다 [6]. 박등 Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 13
6 Jong Soo Shin, et al 의보고에서 β 지중해빈혈환자 20명중 1명, α 지중해빈혈환자 5명중 3명의환자의어머니가동남아시아인이었으나, 본보고에서는환아의직계가족이모두한국인이었다. 소구성저색소성빈혈환자에게동남아시아인직계가족이있다면유전자검사를반드시시행해보아야겠다. 또, 박등의연구에서 β 지중해빈혈환자 20명중 2명이중증빈혈 ( 혈색소 <8 g/dl) 을보였으나, 본보고에서 β 지중해빈혈 8명모두경증빈혈 ( 혈색소 g/dl) 을보였다 [6]. 유전용혈빈혈이경증증상과검사소견을보이더라고적극적인유전자검사가필요하겠다. β 지중해빈혈은 8명 (80%) 으로빈도가가장높았으며모두경증 β 지중해빈혈이었다. 경증 β 지중해빈혈은중증 β 지중해빈혈에비해임상증상이가볍고비장비대, 골비대등의합병증의빈도도낮게나타난다. 빈혈도정상인보다약간낮게나타나기때문에철결핍빈혈로오진하기쉽고늦은연령에발견하게된다. 혈색소전기영동검사에서특징적으로 90% 이상에서 Hb A2가 3.47% 로증가하며, 50% 는 Hb F가 26% 정도로약간증가되어있다. 본보고에서 β 지중해빈혈환자들의초기검사시평균혈색소는 10.4 g/dl ( 범위 : g/dl) 로약간낮게나타났으며총빌리루빈은 0.5 mg/dl ( 범위 : mg/dl) 로정상범위에있었으며 Hb A2가평균 5.6%, Hb F가 4.3% 로약간증가되어있었다. 8명의환자중 1명만이초기증상에서황달이나타났고비장비대, 담석증, 골비대등의합병증은없었다. 헤모글로빈 D병은 Hb D Los Angels와 Hb D Punjab을포함하고있으며 β 글로빈사슬의 121번째글루탐산염이라이신으로치환되어발생하게되며주로무증상의이형접합체로나타난다 [12,13]. 셀룰로즈아세테이트전기영동검사에서혈색소 D는혈색소 S와같은이동도를보이지만 ph 6.2의시트르산한천전기영동검사에서는다른이동도를보이기때문에구별할수있다 [14]. 헤모글로빈 D병유전자는 DNA 증폭법과글로빈사슬분석을통해발견할수있다 [15]. 헤모글로빈 D병은적혈구의수와크기가줄어들게되어경한빈혈을일으키게되고심각한합병증을일으키지않아대부분은치료가필요없다. 우리의연구에서헤모글로빈 D병을가진환자는급성후두염으로검사하던중혈색소 10.9 g/dl로경한빈혈을보여추가검사하게되었다. 혈색소전기영동검사에서 Hb A 는 70.6% 로감소하였고 Hb D는 24.6% 로증가해있었으며합병증은보이지않았다. 확진을위해서환자와보호자에게 DNA 염기순서분석, 제한효소분석을실행할예정이다. 불안정혈색소병이란혈색소의구조이상으로서헴과글로빈사슬사이의정상적인결합이파괴되어혈색소의용해도가 저하되고용혈이발생하는유전혈액질환이다. 무증상부터중증만성용혈빈혈까지다양한정도의증상이발현되며, 빈혈의심한정도는혈색소변이형및변이된혈색소양에의하여결정된다 [16,17]. Hb Koriyama는 β 글로빈사슬의이상에의해나타나는매우불안정한혈색소변이형이다. 뉴클레오티드서열의변화로인해분자구조의변형이생기고심한용혈과망상적혈구증가증, 간비장비대, 비결합고빌리루빈혈증, 하지궤양, 담석, 담도질환등이나타난다 [18]. 우리병원에서진단된 Hb Koriyama 환자는중증의용혈성빈혈이지속되어혈색소전기영동검사와혈색소안정성검사를시행하였으나이상이없어유전자검사를시행하였고매우드문혈색소변이형인 Hb Koriyama를진단받았다 [10]. 초기검사소견에서혈색소 4.4 g/dl, 망상적혈구수 12.2%, 평균적혈구용적은 92.7 fl, 총빌리루빈 5.8 mg/dl, 직접빌리루빈 1.8 mg/dl, AST 65 IU/L, ALT 15 IU/L였다. 생후부터지속되는혈색소감소로인해정기적으로수혈을받았고 3세에비장절제술을시행받았으나 6세에유전자검사를통해진단받았다 (Table 2). 불안정혈색소병은혈색소전기영동검사와혈색소안정성검사에서정상결과를보일수도있기때문에원인을모르는유전비구형적혈구성용혈성빈혈환자는유전자검사까지시행해야한다. 우리연구는단일기관에서만시행되어적은수의환자만참여한한계를가지고있다. 한국에서유전성용혈을조사한연구들과비교했을때유병률이나임상적특징, 유전자형들과차이를보이지않고있다. 추후여러기관이참여하는전향적연구의계획이필요하겠고빈혈에대한폭넓은감별진단을생각하며체계적인진단과정이필요하겠다. 참고문헌 1. Cunningham MJ. Update on thalassemia: clinical care and complications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010;24: Huisman TH. The structure and function of normal and abnormal haemoglobins. Baillieres Clin Haematol 1993;6: Hah JO. Hemolytic anemia in pediatrics. Korean J Pediatr 2007;50: Clarke GM, Higgins TN. Laboratory investigation of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias: review and update. Clin Chem 2000;46: Kwon HS, Kang JC, Won SC, Oh SH, Lyu CJ. A clinical study on childhood hemolytic anemia according to etiological classification. Korean J Pediatr 2003;46: Park ES, Jung HL, Kim HJ, et al. Hereditary hemolytic anemia in Korea from 2007 to 2011: A study by the Korean Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Working Party of the Korean Society of Hematology. Blood Res 2013;48: Vol. 21, No. 1, April 2014
7 Hereditary Hemoglobinopathy 7. Kang EY, Lee HJ, Choi SI, Park EH, Kim SY, Hwang PH. Three cases of βthalassemia in children with gene mutation. Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007;14: Ahn DH, Sohn KC, Kang IJ, et al. Statistical analysis of hemolytic anemia in Korea. Korean J Hematol 1991;26: Cho HS, Hah JO, Kang IJ, et al. Hereditary hemolytic anemia in Korea: a retrospective study from 1997 to Korean J Hematol 2007;42: Park S, Park JE, Cho SI, Jeon Y, Park SS, Seong MW. The first study on nucleotidelevel identification of Hb Koriyama in a patient with severe hemolytic anemia. Ann Lab Med 2012;32: Hong CR, Kang HJ, Lee JW, et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric thalassemia in Korea: a single institute experience. J Korean Med Sci 2013;28: Itano HA. A third abnormal hemoglobin associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1951;37: Baglioni C. Abnormal human haemoglobins. VII. Chemical studies on haemoglobin D. Biochim Biophys Acta 1962;59: Zeng YT, Huang SZ, Zhou LD, et al. Identification of hemoglobin D Punjab by gene mapping. Hemoglobin 1986;10: Lane PA, Witkowska HE, Falick AM, Houston ML, McKinna JD. Hemoglobin D Ibadanbeta zero thalassemia: detection by neonatal screening and confirmation by electrosprayionization mass spectrometry. Am J Hematol 1993;44: Patrinos GP, Giardine B, Riemer C, et al. Improvements in the HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations for population and sequence variation studies. Nucleic Acids Res 2004;32:D Giardine B, van Baal S, Kaimakis P, et al. HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations: 2007 update. Hum Mutat 2007;28: Kawata R, Ohba Y, Yamamoto K, et al. Hyperunstable hemoglobin Koriyama antihb Gun Hill insertion of five residues in the beta chain. Hemoglobin 1988;12: Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 15
386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information8.ƯÁýc07ÏÁ¤¿Á 908~919’
J KMA Special Issue Jeong Ok Hah, MD Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University College of Medicine E mail : johah@med.yu.ac.kr J Korean Med Assoc 2006; 49(10): 908-19 Abstract T he hereditary hemolytic
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More information<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>
대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationuntitled
대한수혈학회지:제권 제호, 0 한 대학병원의 혈액 폐기 분석 김병철ㆍ서영익ㆍ채금란ㆍ신정원ㆍ최태윤 = Abstract = 순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 진단검사의학교실 Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea Byung Chul Kim, Young Ik Seo, Gum Ran
More information1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information석사논문.PDF
ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh
More information,......
The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information< DC1F5B7CA28B1E8C0B1BCF72DBDC9C7F6C1F D E696E6464>
CASE REPORT Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2011;54(7):381-385 doi: 10.5468/KJOG.2011.54.7.381 pissn 2233-5188 eissn 2233-5196 A CASE OF VAGINAL DELIVERY IN β-thalassemia MINOR PREGNANT WOMAN Hyun-Jin Shim, MD
More information-07-......
A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information제 2 강 Bilirubin 2. Bilirubin(page924) (1) Bilirubin( 담즙색소 ) 간에서분비되는황갈색의담즙색소로간의 kuffer cell과파괴된적혈구혈색소로만들어진다. 체내의 RES에서 Hb이파괴되면서단백부분의 globin은그대로또는 amino
2. Bilirubin(page924) (1) Bilirubin( 담즙색소 ) 간에서분비되는황갈색의담즙색소로간의 kuffer cell과파괴된적혈구혈색소로만들어진다. 체내의 RES에서 Hb이파괴되면서단백부분의 globin은그대로또는 amino acid로재이용되고, 철 (Fe) 은체내로흡수된다. ƒ Heme은주로간, 비장, 골수의세망내피계에의해분해되는데먼저 Fe가빠지고
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
More informationIVTHORRNSAWV.hwp
大韓癩學會誌 : 第 44 卷, 第 1號 2011 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1 December, 2011 한국한센복지협회연구원 김종필, 김연실, 이래환 Abstract The Study of Anemia in Persons affected leprosy Jong Pill Kim, Yeon Sil Kim, Rea Hwan
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words
More information<30322EBABBB9AE2E687770>
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 48 No. 1 January 2005 동시항암화학방사선요법을시행받은자궁경부암환자에서빈혈이예후에미치는영향 연세대학교의과대학산부인과학교실 조정미 김영태 김성훈 노종환 김재훈 김재욱 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
More information7.ƯÁýb71ÎÀ¯È« š
J KMA Special Issue Myelodysplastic Syndrome June Won Cheong, MD Yoo Hong Min, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine E mail : jwcheong70@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr minbrmmd@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More information°íµî1´Ü¿ø
흔히 건강을 잃고 난 후에 건강의 중요성을 새삼 느끼는 사람들이 많다. 특 히 신체적으로 발육이 왕성한 청소년 시기에는 건강을 더 쉽게 잊고 지내기 쉽 다. 일상생활에서 적당한 영양 섭취, 운동과 휴식, 스트레스 관리를 하는 것은 건강의 잠재력을 키우는 활동이다. 청소년 시기에 건강의 의미를 되새겨 보고 긍정적이고 적극적인 건강 생활을 실천하여 보자. 01
More informationTrd022.hwp
김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More information12 Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2011, 43(1) : ISSN Correlation Study Between Anemias with Higher MCV and Lower MCHC Woo-Soon Choi and Hee-Sa
2 ISSN 738-3544 Correlation Study Between Anemias with Higher MCV and Lower MCHC Woo-Soon Choi and Hee-Sang Kim Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary s Hospital, College of Medicine, the
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More information<BBFDC8ADC7D02E687770>
대상본과 1 학년담당교수손정원 2014. 4. 1. 3/4 교시장소 1 의학관제 1 강의실 2. 수업주제 단백질 folding, targeting, 분해 1) 단백질 folding의기본동력에대해서이해한다. 2) chaperone의종류와작용기전에대하여설명한다. 3) proteasome의구조와 proteasome에의한단백질분해에대하여설명한다. 4) ER targeting
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationÀå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö
Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment
More informationuntitled
대한수혈학회지 : 제 27 권제 2 호, 2016 The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion Vol. 27, No. 2, 183-187, August 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.17945/kjbt.2016.27.2.183 pissn 1226-9336 eissn 2383-6881 Case Report 항 -S 항체에의한태아신생아용혈성질환
More information00약제부봄호c03逞풚
경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품
More information09구자용(489~500)
The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
More information<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More informationIL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,
More information歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF
13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)
More information임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 28 권제 1 호 MCV 와간기능검사치와의관계 충남대학교병원임상병리과 양석환 Relationship Between Mean Corpuscular Volume and Liver Function Test Yang, Suk-Hwan De
임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 28 권제 1 호 1996. MCV 와간기능검사치와의관계 충남대학교병원임상병리과 양석환 Relationship Between Mean Corpuscular Volume and Liver Function Test Yang, Suk-Hwan Dept. of Clinical Path 여 08)' ChUf 핑 nam National Uniærsity
More information내시경 conference
부울경소화기내시경학회 6월집담회 고신대학교복음병원소화기내과전임의서광일 F/63 CASE C.C) epigastric pain for 2 wks P. I) 2014.04.16 EGD at LMC adm via OPD for further evaluation. P. Hx) CASE HTN/DM/Hepatitis/Tbc (+/+/-/-) S. Hx) N-S ROS)
More information135 Jeong Ji-yeon 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 머리말 협저불상( 夾 紵 佛 像 )이라는 것은 불상을 제작하는 기법의 하나로써 삼베( 麻 ), 모시( 苧 ), 갈포( 葛 ) 등의 인피섬유( 靭 皮 纖 維 )와 칠( 漆 )을 주된 재료
MUNHWAJAE Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies Vol. 47. No. 1, March 2014, pp.134~151. Copyright 2014, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 정지연 a 明 珍 素 也
More information저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More informationYI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w
497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More information. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )
. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).
More information전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)
전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -
More information09-감마선(dh)
Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information471~478Çмúº¸°í5¹®È«¼·
병원약사회지 (2013), 제 30 권제 5 호 J. Kor. Soc. Health-Syst. Pharm., Vol. 30, No. 5, 471 ~ 478 (2013) 회원학술보고 비타민 B12 결핍성빈혈환자에서임상결과분석사례연구 목포대학교약학대학, 조선대학교병원내과 a Retrospective Analysis on Clinical Features of Vitamin
More information대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp
小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information서론
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -
More informationºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö
case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth
More informationuntitled
Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:
More informationY 1 Y β α β Independence p qp pq q if X and Y are independent then E(XY)=E(X)*E(Y) so Cov(X,Y) = 0 Covariance can be a measure of departure from independence q Conditional Probability if A and B are
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More informationKorean J Lab Med 2010;30: DOI /kjlm Case Report Diagnostic Hematology Flow-Assisted Differential Diagnosis of Hemolytic Ane
Korean J Lab Med 21;3:339-44 DOI 1.3343/kjlm.21.3.4.339 Case Report Diagnostic Hematology Flow-Assisted Differential Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia with Spherocytosis: A Case Report Dong Il Won, M.D. Department
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood
More information원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 1, No. 3: , July 2011 DOI /lmo 진단혈액학 소구성저색소성빈혈을보이는성인여성에서만성질환빈혈과철결핍빈혈의감별진단에망상적혈구지수의유용성 Reticulocyte Ind
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 1, No. 3: 147-152, July 2011 진단혈액학 소구성저색소성빈혈을보이는성인여성에서만성질환빈혈과철결핍빈혈의감별진단에망상적혈구지수의유용성 Reticulocyte Indices for the Differential Diagnosis of Anemia of Chronic Disease and Iron Deficiency
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More informationDIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 SUMMARY About 3.2 million Korean people (10.1%) aged over 30 years or older had diabetes in 2010. Based on fasting g
DIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) / Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) DIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 SUMMARY About 3.2 million Korean people (10.1%)
More information디지털포렌식학회 논문양식
ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More informationKIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소
1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More information