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1 대한응급의학회지제 21 권제 1 호 Volume 21, Number 1, February, 2010 원 저 성인급성후두개염환자에서경부측면방사선검사를이용한기도개방성의예측 연세대학교의과대학응급의학교실 손재돈 김선욱 김민정 정태녕 박유석 박인철 Predicting the Airway Patency using the Parameters of Soft-tissue Lateral Neck Radiography in Adult Patients with Acute Epiglottitis Jae Don Sohn, M.D., Sun Wook Kim, M.D., Min Joung Kim, M.D., Tae Nyoung Chung, M.D., Yoo Seok Park, M.D., In Cheol Park, M.D. Purpose: We wanted to predict the high risk group that requires urgent airway intervention by using the parameters of the soft-tissue lateral neck radiographs of adult acute epiglottitis patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in two teaching hospitals. The patients who were diagnosed with acute epiglottitis from June, 2007 to May, 2009 were enrolled and their medical records and x-ray films were reviewed. The width of the epiglottis at the widest point (EW), the width of the arytenoid at the widest point (AW), the prevertebral soft tissue distance at the third cervical spine (PSTD), the shortest distance from the epiglottis to the hypopharyngeal wall (EHD) and the shortest distance from the epiglottic root to the arytenoids tip (EAD) were investigated and we performed regression analyses of these parameters of the patients in the high risk group that required urgent airway intervention. Results: A total of 42 patients were enrolled. Dyspnea and hoarseness were more frequent in the high risk group that required urgent airway intervention (p=0.008, 0.040, respectively). The EW was significantly longer (p=0.001) in the high risk group. The EHD and EAD were significantly 책임저자 : 박유석서울특별시서대문구신촌동 134 연세대학교의과대학응급의학교실 Tel: 02) , Fax: 02) pys0905@yuhs.ac 접수일 : 2009년 8월 27일, 1차교정일 : 2009년 9월 30일게재승인일 : 2009년 10월 20일 shorter (p=0.012, <0.001, respectively) in the high risk group. Only the EAD showed significant correlation with the percent of airway patency on linear regression analysis (p=0.003) and the EAD was the only significant predictor for the high risk group on multivariate logistic regression analysis (p=0.043). The receiver operating characteristics curve of the EW/EAD for the high risk group was obtained and it showed the best predictive power (AUC: 0.977, p<0.001). Conclusion: The EAD noted on soft-tissue lateral neck radiography is an important predictor of high risk patients who require urgent airway intervention. The cut-off value of the EW/EAD for the predicting the high risk group is 2.44 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 85.7%). Key Words: Epiglottitis, Radiography, Airway obstruction Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 서 급성후두개염은후두개와인근구조물의감염에의해발생하는염증성질환으로, 발병률이연간 10,000명당 0.78~3.4명으로매우드문질환이다 1-3). 하지만사망률은 7% 에이를정도로매우치명적인질환이며주요사망원인은기도폐쇄 (airway obstruction) 로보고되고있다 4,5). 이와같은기도폐쇄는갑자기발생하기때문에, 급성후두개염의신속하고정확한진단과기도개방성 (airway patency) 평가가급성후두개염의사망률을줄이는데에매우중요하다 5). 급성후두개염은일반적으로임상적증상과경부측면방사선검사결과를바탕으로의심하게되며, 직 / 간접후두경을통하여육안적으로후두개염증소견이확인될경우확진이가능하다 6). 기존연구에서는경부측면방사선검사상후두개부종 (thumb sign) 과모뿔연골부종 (arytenoid swelling) 이관찰될경우급성후두개염의진단이가능하며, 이는높은민감도를보였다 4,7,8). 그러나이들방사선학 론 48
2 손재돈외 : 성인급성후두개염환자에서경부측면방사선검사를이용한기도개방성의예측 / 49 적소견은급성후두개염의진단적도구로서는사용되지만기도개방성과의연관성은연구되어있지않다. 현재까지기도개방성의평가는직 / 간접후두경을통해서만이루어지고있다 5). 경부측면방사선검사는대부분의응급의료기관에서쉽게이용이가능하지만직 / 간접후두경검사는제한이있다. 다시말해후두경검사는수련을받은전문가에의해시행되기때문에그이용성에제한이있으며, 따라서기도개방성에대한평가가곤란한경우가있다 6). 대부분의응급의료기관에서접근이가능하며신속한시행이가능한경부측면방사선검사를통해진단뿐만아니라기도개방성까지예측할수있다면급성후두개염의신속한치료와기도관리에도움이될것으로생각된다. 본연구자들은이번연구를통해급성후두개염의선별검사목적으로사용되는경부측면방사선검사의여러지표를이용하여기도개방의고위험환자를예측할수있는지알아보고자한다. 대상과방법 1. 연구기간및대상본연구는 2007년 6월부터 2009년 5월까지서울소재두곳의대학병원응급의료센터에내원하여급성후두개염을진단받은환자를대상으로후향적으로시행하였다. 급 성후두개염의진단은이비인후과의사가시행한굴곡후두경 (fibreoptic laryngoscope) 검사의후두개와모뿔연골의부종및홍반유무소견을기준으로하였다 9). 이중 15 세미만소아, 심부경부감염이동반된경우, 과거력상두경부종양이있는경우, 기도개방정도에대한굴곡후두경검사결과가누락된경우, 경부측면방사선검사를시행하지않았거나의료영상저장전송시스템 (picture archiving and communication system, PACS, Centricity, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA) 을통해방사선지표를정확하게측정하기어려운경우는제외하였다. 2. 연구방법자료는 1명의연구자가의무기록조사를통해수집하였다. 인구학적특성으로나이, 성별을조사하였고, 임상적특징으로응급의료센터내원당시호소한증상및응급기도중재술 (emergency airway intervention) 의시행여부를수집하였다. 환자의증상은급성후두개염의주요증상인인후통, 호흡곤란, 쉰소리 (hoarseness) 로분류하여조사하였다 9). 그외발열및내원당시분당호흡수를조사하였다. 방사선학적지표는의료영상저장전송시스템의거리측정도구를이용하여경부측면방사선검사영상에서응급의학과전공의 1명이측정하였으며. 연구시작전영상의학과전문의에게길이측정과관련된교육을시행받았다. 급 A B Fig. 1. Measurement of radiologic parameters on schematic illustration (A) and soft-tissue lateral neck radiography (B). EW: width of epiglottis at the widest point. AW: width of the arytenoid at the widest point. PSTD: prevertebral soft tissue distance at third cervical spine. EHD: shortest distance from epiglottis to hypopharyngeal wall. EAD: shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip. C3W: width of third cervical spine.
3 50 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 21 권제 1 호 2010 성후두개염진단에유용한방사선학적기준과후두경진단기준을바탕으로저자들은 5개의지표를선정하여측정하였다. 첫번째지표는후두개의최대너비 (width of epiglottis at the widest point, EW), 두번째지표는모뿔연골의최대너비 (width of the arytenoid at the widest point, AW), 세번째지표는 3번경추의가운데높이에서측정한경추앞연부조직길이 (prevertebral soft tissue distance at third cervical spine, PSTD), 네번째지표는후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (shortest distance from epiglottis to hypopharyngeal wall, EHD) 이며, 마지막으로후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip, EAD) 를측정하였다. 각각의방사선학적지표는환자개개인에따라서또는촬영거리에따라차이가발생할수있으므로고정된구조인 3번경추의너비 (width of third cervical spine, C3W) 를참고구조로측정하였다 4) (Fig. 1). 기도의개방정도는굴곡후두경상후두개위에서성대가보이는정도를백분율로조사하였다. Katori와 Tsukuda 9) 는후두개부종과성대가보이는정도에따라 3 단계로분류하였으나본연구에서는후두경소견에서성대가완전히보이면 100%, 보이지않으면 0% 로이를더세분하여기술하였다. 연구자들은 Hafidh 등 5) 이보고한후두에서의기도폐쇄가 50% 이상일경우심각한기도위험이있어응급기도중재가필요하다는연구를바탕으로기도개방정도가 50% 를초과하면저위험군, 50% 이하인경우를 고위험군으로분류하여임상증상및방사선학적지표와의연관성을조사하였다. 3. 자료의분석수집한자료의분석은 SPSS 15.0 for window (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA), Medcalc v (Medcalc software, Mariakerke, Belgium) 를이용하였다. 자료는범주형변수는건 (%) 으로, 연속형변수는평균 ± 표준편차로제시하였다. 단변량분석에서범주형변수는카이제곱검정또는 Fisher s exact test로분석하였고, 연속형변수는 t-test나 Mann-Whitney U test로분석하였다. 연속변수간의상관관계분석을위해서 Pearson s correlation을시행하였고단변량분석에서의미있는결과가나온변수들을대상으로다변량선형회귀분석 (multivariate linear regression analysis) 및로지스틱회귀분석 (multivariate logistic regression analysis) 을시행하였다. 환자군간에통계적으로유의한차이를보인지표에대한 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 곡선및이곡선의면적 (area under the curve, AUC) 을구했으며, 이를통해각환자군을구분할수있는분리값 (cut-off value) 을구하였다. 각각의결과는 p값이 0.05미만인경우를통계적으로유의하다고판단하였다. Table 1. General characteristics of participants Age (yr) 045.2±13.8 Gender Male 21 (50.0%) Female 21 (50.0%) Symptoms Sore throat 41 (97.6%) Dyspnea 18 (42.9%) Hoarseness 15 (35.7%) Fever 08 (19.0%) Neck lateral X-ray parameters (mm) Width of epiglottis at the widest point (EW) 14.5±5.3 Width of the arytenoid at the widest point (AW) 12.4±4.9 Prevertebral soft tissue distance at third cervical spine (PSTD) 05.3±1.9 Shortest distance from epiglottis to hypopharyngeal wall (EHD) 04.9±3.2 Shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip (EAD) 07.2±4.9 Width of third cervical spine (C3W) 18.4±1.7 Airway patency High risk ( 50%) 14 (33.3%) Low risk (>50%) 28 (66.7%) Airway intervention 03 (07.1%) Length of hospital stay (days) 05.7±3.7
4 손재돈외 : 성인급성후두개염환자에서경부측면방사선검사를이용한기도개방성의예측 / 51 결과 1. 대상환자군의일반적특성연구대상기간중굴곡후두경을통해급성후두개염을진단받은환자는총 128명이었다. 이중 15세미만환자 12명, 과거력상두경부종양환자 7명, 심부경부감염이동반된환자 16명, 굴곡후두경검사결과나증상등의기록이누락된환자 38명, 내원당시호흡곤란이심해경부측면방사선검사를시행하지못한환자가 3명, 시행한방사선검사가직측면영상 (true lateral view) 이아니어서방사선학적지표를정확하게측정하기어려운환자 10명을제외한 42 명의환자가이번연구에포함되었다. 대상환자의평균나이는 45.2±13.8세이었으며, 남성과여성은각각 21명으로성별의비는같았다. 응급의료센터내원당시증상으로는인후통이가장많았으며다음으로호흡곤란과쉰소리순이었다. 인후통은 1명을제외한모든환자가호소하였고세가지증상을모두호소한환자는 8명 (19.0%) 이었다. 발열을호소한환자는 8명 (19.0%) 이었으며내원당시평균호흡수는 12.3± 4.1회이었다. 대상환자의방사선학적지표의평균값은 Table 1과같다. 굴곡후두경으로확인된기도개방정도의평균은 60.5 ±28.4% 이었고, 50% 를기준으로나누었을때고위험군은 14명 (33.3%), 저위험군은 28명 (66.7%) 이었다. 42명 중 1명 (2.4%) 은응급윤상갑상연골절개술후중환자실로입원하였고 2명 (4.8%) 은기관내삽관후수술실에서기관절개술을시행받고일반병실로입원하였으며이들의기도개방정도는모두 10% 미만이었다. 연구에포함된모든환자는입원치료를받았으며평균재원일수는 5.7±3.7일이었고모두생존퇴원하였다 (Table 1). 2. 기도개방위험성에따른인구학적특성및임상적특성기도개방위험성에따라고위험군과저위험군으로나누었을때두군간에나이와성별에는차이가없었다. 호흡곤란과쉰소리는고위험군에서통계적으로유의하게더많이나타났으나 (p=0.008, p=0.040), 인후통이나발열, 분당호흡수는두군간에차이를보이지않았다 (Table 2). 평균재원일수는고위험군이 7.4±5.4일, 저위험군이 4.9 ±2.1일로고위험군의재원일수가길었으나통계학적으로유의한차이는보이지않았다 (p=0.118). 3. 기도개방위험성에따른방사선학적지표굴곡후두경으로측정한기도개방정도 (%) 와방사선학적지표의상관관계를보면후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (EHD) 와후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 는양의상관관계를보였으며 (p=0.008, p<0.001), 후두개의최대너비 (EW) 와모뿔연골의최대너비 (AW) 는음의상관 Table 2. Comparison of demographic and clinical variables between high risk airway group and low risk airway group High risk (n=14) Low risk (n=28) p-value Age (yr) 41.3± ± Male gender 10/14 (71.4%) 11/28 (39.3%) Dyspnea 10/14 (71.4%) 08/28 (28.6%) Sore throat 14/14 (.100%) 27/28 (96.4%) Hoarseness 08/14 (57.1%) 07/28 (25.0%) Fever 04/14 (28.6%) 04/28 (14.3%) Respiratory rate per minute 17.5± ± Table 3. Comparison of parameters on soft-tissue lateral neck radiography between high risk airway group and low risk air way group Soft-tissue lateral neck radiography parameters (mm) High risk (n=14) Low risk (n=28) p value Width of epiglottis at the widest point (EW) 18.2± ± Width of the arytenoid at the widest point (AW) 14.1± ± Prevertebral soft tissue distance at third cervical spine (PSTD) 5.0± ± Shortest distance from epiglottis to hypopharyngeal wall (EHD) 3.2± ± Shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip (EAD) 2.2± ±3.9 <0.001 Width of third cervical spine (C3W) 18.7± ±
5 52 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 21 권제 1 호 2010 관계를보였다 (p=0.002, p=0.027). 하지만 3번경추앞연부조직길이 (PSTD) 는통계적으로유의한상관관계를보이지않았다. 환자군간의참고구조로측정된 3번경추너비 (C3W) 의평균길이는고위험군에서 18.7±1.8 mm, 저위험군에서 18.3±1.7 mm로두군간에차이를보이지않았다. 후두개의최대너비 (EW), 후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (EHD), 그리고후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 는각군간에통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (Table 3). 4. 기도개방위험성과관련된요인들의다변량분석결과및 ROC 곡선. 다중선형회귀분석결과후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 만이기도개방정도 (%) 와양의상관관계를보였 으며 (p=0.003), 그외방사선학적지표와호흡곤란및쉰소리는통계적으로의미가없었다. 로지스틱회귀분석에서는후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 만이 odds ratio 0.298로이거리가짧을수록고위험군일가능성이높아지는것으로나타났다 (Table 4). 후두개의최대너비 (EW) 는증가할수록, 후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 는감소할수록고위험군이되므로이두가지지표및후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 에대한후두개의최대너비 (EW) 의비를이용하여그린 ROC 곡선의 AUC는각각 (95% CI, 0.668~0.920), (95% CI, 0.819~0.989), (95% CI, 0.876~0.999) 이었다 (Fig. 2). 후두개의최대너비 (EW) 의 AUC와후두개의최대너비 (EW) / 후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 의 AUC 사이에는통계적으로유의한차이가있었다 (p=0.019). 상기지표를선별검사로 Table 4. Factors related to high risk airway which determined by multiple logistic regression Odds ratio Low 95% CI* High p-value Dyspnea Hoarseness Width of epiglottis at the widest point Shortest distance from epiglottis to hypopharyngeal wall Shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip *CI: confidence interval. Fig. 2. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of EW, EAD and EW/EAD for prediction of high risk group urging airway intervention in adult acute epiglottitis. ROC curve shows that area under the curve (AUC) representing the accuracy of EW/EAD is (95% CI, 0.876~0.999) (p<0.001). EW: width of epiglottis at the widest point EAD: shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip EW/EAD: the ratio of width of epiglottis at the widest point to shortest distance from epiglottic root to arytenoids tip
6 손재돈외 : 성인급성후두개염환자에서경부측면방사선검사를이용한기도개방성의예측 / 53 사용하기위해서민감도를 100% (95% CI, 76.8~100.0) 로유지한상태에서가장높은특이도를보이는분리값을정하였으며이는각각 3.5, 8.1, 2.44 이었고이때특이도는각각 0% (95% CI, 0.0~12.3), 60.7% (95% CI, 40.6~78.5), 85.7% (95% CI, 67.3~96.0) 로나타났다. 고찰급성후두개염은 H. influenzae, S. peumoniae, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus 등에의해유발되는감염질환으로알려져있다 10). 과거에는 H. influenzae가원인인경우가많아 HiB 백신의도입이후소아에서급성후두개염의발병률은연간 100,000명당 0.02건으로현격하게감소되었으나성인에서는오히려발병률이증가하고있다 1,10). 이스라엘의경우 1986~1990년에 100,000명당연간평균 0.88명이던것이 1996~2000 년에는 100,000명당 3.1명까지증가하였다고보고되고있다 10). 또한급성후두개염에의한사망률은 7% 까지보고되고있으며, 사망원인의대부분은갑작스럽게발생하는기도폐쇄에의한것이다 4,5). 따라서급성후두개염의진단뿐만아니라환자의기도개방정도를빠르고정확하게평가하는것이급성후두개염의사망률을줄이는데매우중요하다. 급성후두개염의진단을위한선별검사로는일반적으로경부측면방사선검사가사용되며이때사용되는방사선학적지표로는후두개부종과모뿔연골부종등이있다. Min 등 11) 은후두개너비 11 mm 이상, 3번경추몸통의전후너비에대한후두개의너비비율이 0.5 이상일때후두개염의진단이가능하며, 이때 100% 의민감도와특이도를보인다고보고하였다. 하지만이는후향적연구로위음성을확인할수없었으며, 본연구대상에이진단기준을적용할때위음성이 11명 (26.2%) 이었다. Schumaker 등 7) 은후향적연구결과로후두개너비 8 mm 이상을선별검사의기준으로제시하였으나이역시본연구대상에적용하면 6명 (14.3%) 의환자가위음성으로판정된다. 따라서본연구에서는굴곡후두경으로급성후두개염이확진된환자를연구대상으로선정하였다. 현재까지기도개방정도의평가는직 / 간접후두경을이용하였다. 하지만이런후두경에의한기도개방성에대한평가는전문가에의하여시행되기때문에응급의료센터에서그접근성이제한되고, 이로인해기도개방성에대한정확한평가없이응급기도중재술의시행여부를결정해야할경우가발생하며, 따라서이를대신하여기도개방성을예측할수있는접근성이높은검사가필요하다 6). 경부측면방사선검사는급성후두개염이의심되는환자에서선별검사로사용되며이는대부분의응급의료센터에서시행가능하다. 따라서연구자들은이를이용하여급성후두개염환 자의기도개방정도를예측하는데방사선학적지표가유용한지를알아보고자본연구를시행하였다. 이번연구에서는 5가지의방사선학적지표를사용하였다. 후두개의최대너비 (EW), 모뿔연골의최대너비 (AW), 3번경추앞연부조직길이 (PSTD) 는기존에급성후두개염의진단에이용되었던지표들이며, 새로이기도개방성을반영할수있는지표로후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (EHD) 와후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 를제시하였다. 후두개는해부학적으로고정된것이아니라인두내에서움직이는구조이기때문에지표로후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (EHD) 는변할수있지만, 후두개에염증이있거나부종이심할경우이의움직임이제한될것이라는가정하에측정하였다. 후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 는후두경으로보았을때실제성대를둘러싼모양을반영하는길이로선정하였다 9). 이번연구에서대상환자의굴곡후두경검사상기도개방정도는평균 60.5±28.4% 이었다. Hafidh 등 5) 은기도폐쇄가 50% 이상일경우응급기도중재가필요하다고보고하였다. 본연구에서이를기준으로기도위험성을평가하였을때고위험군은 14명 (33.3%), 저위험군은 28명 (66.7%) 이었다. 본연구에서두군간에호흡곤란및쉰소리에는차이가있었으나인후통은통계적으로유의하지않았다. Katori와 Tsukuda 9) 는본연구결과와같이기도중재술을시행받은환자에서쉰소리가많았으며, 인후통은차이가없다고보고하였다. 반면에 Mayo-Smith 등 2) 은명백한기도약화 (airway compromise) 환자에서인후통은적었으나목소리의변화는두군간에차이가없다고보고하였다. 이상의결과를보면증상으로고위험환자를예측하기는어려울것으로생각되며본연구의기도개방위험성에대한회귀분석에서도증상은통계적으로유의한결과를나타내지못했다. 본연구에서사용한방사선학적지표와기도개방정도의상관분석결과 3번경추앞연부조직길이 (PSTD) 를제외한 4가지지표가통계적으로유의한상관관계를보였으며, 기도개방위험성에따른분석결과후두개의최대너비 (EW), 후두개와후두인두간의최단거리 (EHD) 및후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 가두군간에통계적으로유의한차이를보였다. 또한회귀분석을통해후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 가기도개방성과가장연관이있는지표임을알수있었다. 또한이번연구에서는고위험환자를예측하기위하여 AUC를측정하였는데이중후두개의최대너비 (EW) / 후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 가가장높은예측력을보였다. 즉, 후두개의최대너비 (EW) 가후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 의 2.44배이상이면 100% 의민감도로고위험군을예측할수있었다. 성인은소아와달리후두의크기가크고견고하며, 후두개염발생시염증진행이상대적으로느리고상기도협착
7 54 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 21 권제 1 호 2010 증상없이염증이진행하는특징이있다 12). 따라서소아에서는진단즉시기도유지를위한조치가필요하나성인에서는환자의위험도를평가한후필요한환자에한해시행하는것이추천되고있다 13,14). 다시말해성인환자의기도관리에있어서는기도폐쇄의진행가능성, 또는기도개방성에대한평가가선행되어야한다. 지금까지급성후두개염에대한연구들은그임상증상만으로기도중재술과의연관성을평가하였기때문에, 실제임상에서이를이용해서침습적인기도중재술의시행여부를결정하기는쉽지않다. 이번연구를통해급성후두개염환자들에서후두경을통한기도개방성검사가지연되거나불가능한경우에도대부분의응급의료센터에서도쉽게이용가능한방사선검사를시행하여, 기도개방성을예측하고, 이를바탕으로적절한기도관리를시행할수있을것으로기대된다. 본연구의제한점으로첫번째, 이번연구는서울에있는 2개대학병원의응급의료센터에내원한제한된환자수에서시행된것으로대상환자수가적었으며, 더욱이기도중재술의시행건수가적어응급기도중재술의필요성을예측할수있는지표를조사하지못하였다. 그래서연구자들은기존연구를참조하여굴곡후두경소견을바탕으로고위험군과저위험군으로나누어연구를진행하였다. 또한급성후두개염으로진단받은환자중상당수가기록미비나부적절한영상등의이유로제외되어결과분석에영향을미쳤을수있을것이다. 이러한한계는발생률이적은질환에대한후향적연구의특성에따른것으로생각되며, 이를극복하기위해서는향후다기관이참여하는전향적연구가필요할것으로판단된다. 두번째, 경부측면방사선영상의연부조직은호흡주기나방사선조사거리및각도등에의해영향을받기때문에일정한거리와자세및흡기상태를유지하고촬영을해야하나이번연구는후향적연구로이에대한통제가이루어지지못해오차가발생했을가능성이있다. 하지만참고구조로측정된 3번경추너비 (C3W) 의평균길이는두군간에차이를보이지않았다. 세번째, 본연구에서사용된방사선학적인지표가한명의연구자에의해측정되어측정값의신뢰도검증을시행하지못했다. 마지막으로임상증상으로인후통, 호흡곤란, 쉰소리외에연하통, 발성장애 (muffled voice), 협착음등급성후두개염의다른증상에대하여조사하지못하였다. 이는후향적의무기록조사의한계로방사선학적지표외에생체활력징후, 증상, 신체검사소견등모든인자들을포함한전향적연구를시행하면고위험환자를좀더정확하게예측할수있을것으로생각된다. 결론본연구에서경부측면방사선검사상고위험환자의후두 개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 는평균 2.2 mm로저위험환자에비해짧았으며, 고위험군을예측하기위한후두개의최대너비 (EW)/ 후두개와모뿔연골간의최단거리 (EAD) 의분리값은 2.44이었다. 따라서급성후두개염환자에서후두경을통한기도개방성검사가지연되거나어려운경우이상의방사선학적지표가응급기도중재술의시행여부결정에도움이될수있을것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 01. Guldfred LA, Lyhne D, Becker BC. Acute epiglottitis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome. J Laryngol Otol 2008;122: Mayo-Smith MF, Spinale JW, Donskey CJ, Yukawa M, Li RH, Schiffman FJ. Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island. Chest 1995;108: Garpenholt O, Hugosson S, Fredlund H, Bodin L, Olcen P. Epiglottitis in Sweden before and after introduction of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999;18: Rothrock SG, Pignatiello GA, Howard RM. Radiologic diagnosis of epiglottitis: objective criteria for all ages. Ann Emerg Med 1990;19: Hafidh MA, Sheahan P, Keogh I, Walsh RM. Acute epiglottitis in adults: a recent experience with 10 cases. J Laryngol Otol 2006;120: Sheikh KH, Mostow SR. Epiglottitis--an increasing problem for adults. West J Med 1989;151: Schumaker HM, Doris PE, Birnbaum G. Radiographic parameters in adult epiglottitis. Ann Emerg Med 1984;13: Yong MG, Choo MJ, Yum CS, Cho SB, Shin SO, Lee DW, et al. Radiologic laryngeal parameters in acute supraglottitis in Korean adults. Yonsei Med J 2001;42: Katori H, Tsukuda M. Acute epiglottitis: analysis of factors associated with airway intervention. J Laryngol Otol 2005;119: Berger G, Landau T, Berger S, Finkelstein Y, Bernheim J, Ophir D. The rising incidence of adult acute epiglottitis and epiglottic abscess. Am J Otolaryngol 2003;24: Min YG, Jung YS, Yoon SK, Park IC, Cho JP. Objective criteria for radiologic diagnosis of epiglottitis in Korean adults. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2000;11: Jung KK, Son TS, Hwang HH. Acute epiglottitis in adults. J Korean Acad Fam Med 1992;13: Baxter JD. Acute epiglottitis in children. Laryngoscope 1967;77: Ng HL, Sin LM, Li MF, Que TL, Anandaciva S. Acute epiglottitis in adults: a retrospective review of 106 patients in Hong Kong. Emerg Med J 2008;25:253-5.
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