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1 ISSN (Print) / ISSN (Online) The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers Vol. 64, No. 10, pp. 1523~1527, 경부고속선절연구간에서 KTX 운행중모터블럭의동작특성분석 Study on Analysis of Operating Characteristics of Motor Block While KTX is Moving at Neutral Section of Kyung-Bu High Speed Line 최창현 * 노영환 (Chang Hyun Choi Young Hwan Lho) Abstract - Traction power is supplied by three-phase alternating current of 154 kv power grid and electric trains are operated on single phase feeding system. It becomes important to use all the three phases equally and convert them into two-phase electric power (90 degree phase rotation) for traction supply. This is achieved by special transformer from the adjacent traction substation which is separated by a neutral section. Neutral section locations are in front of the substation and between the two substations. The first stage of the Seoul-Busan high-speed railway, design curve radius is larger than 7,000 m and the greatest slope is 25. The railway track conditions are evaluated as good enough to install a neutral section at the first stage, but a few factors of coasting operation of the train should be considered at the second stage of Seoul-Busan high-speed railway. The neutral section was located at Kim-cheon substation, which made some neutral section problems produced by the operating train, and the neutral section was moved about 1.5 km to the south toward Dong Dae-gu station due to the track operation condition. Some of the trains which stopped at the existing Kim-cheon Gu-mi station produced another motor block failure after moving the neutral section. In this paper, power quality, system performance and track condition, etc. are suggested to solve the problems. Key Words : KTX, Neutral section, Substation, High-speed railway, Motor block 1. 서론고속철도전차선로는 KTX (Korea Train express) 에전원을공급하는전기철도핵심설비로국내의경우한국전력공사로부터 154 kv를수전받아고속철도전철변전소에서 25 kv로전압을변환하여철도차량에전원을공급하고있다 [1]. 전기철도에서전철변전소는일정간격으로건설되어철도차량에전기를공급하며이때변전소간교류전차선로구간의이상 (different phase) 전원을구분하기위하여전철변전소및급전구분소의급전인출구등의개소에절연구분장치 (Neutral section) 를설치하여운용하고있다 [2]. 특히절연구분장치는전차선로를전기적으로분리하고기계적으로연결하여팬터그래프 (Pantograph) 가통과하는데문제가없어야한다 [1, 2]. 또한, 직류 1,500 V가공급되는직류 (DC, direct current) 구간과교류 (AC, alternating current) 25 kv가공급되는교류구간도전기적으로구분되어야한다. 교류전차선로구간에서이상 ( 異相 ) 간의전원을구분하기위한절연구분장치설치방식은크게이중절연방식과절연체를이용한절연방 Corresponding Author : Department of Railroad Electricity, Woosong University, Korea yhlho@wsu.ac.kr * Department of Railroad Electricity, Woosong University, Korea Received : July 26, 2015; Accepted : August 24, 2015 식으로나눌수있다. 이중절연방식은절연체를사용하지않고전차선만으로구성되어있는데경부고속철도와같은고속구간에서사용하고있다. 국내의경우절연체를이용한방식의경우는수도권및호남선등기존선구간에서사용하고있다 [1, 3]. 전기철도구간의절연구분장치설치위치에대하여는곡선반경 R=800 m이상, 선로구배 5 이하가규정화 [2] 되어있으나, 광역철도구간에서의정차역간격, 일반철도구간의선로구배등을고려하여선로곡선반경, 선로기울기, 신호기위치, 급전조건, 차량의성능등을고려하여열차타력운행이가능한위치등을운영기관과협의하여선정하게되어있다. 전기철도차량이절연구간을통과할때이상발생에따라국내의경우전기차량의견인특성이변화되어이에따른다양한분석이요구되어지고있다 [4]. 본논문에서는고속철도전차선로절연구간에전기철도차량통과시발생되는모터블럭차단현상에대한원인과문제점을분석하기위하여김천전철변전소절연구간 KTX 운행시변전소및전기차량에서의전압, 전류, 주파수측정과모터블럭 (motor block) 차단특성및절연구간설치위치와 KTX 운행속도에따른이상발생현상을분석하여전기철도차량의견인특성과속도에따른상관관계를분석하였다. 본논문에서제안한 KTX 운행중모터블럭의특성분석은향후절연구간위치선정과철도차량의안정적전원공급을위한설계및운영기술에사용될것으로기대된다. Copyright c The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 1523 This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 전기학회논문지 64 권 10 호 2015 년 10 월 2. KTX 모터블럭동작특성 2.1 전차선로절연구분장치전차선로는전기차량의동력원인전기를공급하는특수한전기철도설비이다. 전기설비로서전기적인특성상서로다른전기와접속할경우두전기간에서로마주치지않도록절연을시켜야하는데이필수적인설비를일반적으로절연구간이라한다. 절연구간은크게나누어교류 / 직류절연구간과서로다른위상 ( 位相 ) 을가지고있는교류 / 교류절연구간이있다 [1]. 그림 1에전기철도급전계통및절연구간을나타내었다. 그림에서와같이절연구간은교류의경우상간구분을위해절연을하며교류와직류간의경계에도전기적구분을위해사용되고있다 [5, 6]. 가많지않고구배및곡선개소로인하여이방식의적용에는한계가있다 [1, 3]. 151m 47m 복귀구간 A상측 B상측중성선 그림 2 이중절연방식 [1, 3] Fig. 2 Double over-lap neutral section system 김천전철변전소절연구분장치는경부고속철도 2단계개통당시김천구미역이신설됨에따라 KTX 정차위치와근접하여기설치된절연구간에서는전기차의타력운행이불가능하여부산방면으로약 1.5 km를이설하여설치되었으며김천변전소절연구간설치위치를그림 3에나타내었다 [3, 4]. 그림 1 전기철도급전계통및절연구간 [1] Fig. 1 Electric railway power supply systems and Neutral section 국내의경우경부고속철도구간에는전동차가병행운행하는금천구청~광명역간에는전동차팬터그래프간격을고려하여절연체삽입방식인 FRP 22 M 절연구분장치를, 나머지구간에는이중절연방식의절연구분장치를설치하여운용하고있다 [1]. 표 1 절연구분장치설치현황 [1, 3] Table 1 Status of Neutral section Installation 길이구분형식수량비고 (m) 이중교류 / 경부고속선광명~부산간절연방식교류 FRP 방식 22 2 금천구청~광명간합계 32 그림 3 김천변전소절연구간설치위치 [4] Fig. 3 Location of neutral section at Kim-cheon substation 2.2 절연구간운행시 KTX 모터블럭 (motor block) 특성분석 KTX는전차선로의가선전압 AC 25 kv 전기를팬터그래프에서집전하여주차단기 (MCB) 를거쳐주변압기 (MTF) 에서전기를강압하여모터블럭에전기를공급한다. 모터블럭은강압된전압을컨버터를통해직류전압원으로변환후다시인버터를통해주견인전동기가견인할수있도록적절한전원을공급하여견인전동기를기동하여차륜을구동시키는것으로구성되어있으며 KTX 차량동력전달순서를그림 4에나타내었다 [4, 7]. 경부고속철도에적용하여사용하고있는그림 2와같은이중절연방식은절연체를사용하지않고전차선만으로이상전원간상호접촉되지않도록무가압중성구간 (Neutral Section, 47 m) 을삽입하고, 이중성구간양쪽에는에어섹션 (Air-section) 을설치하여구분장치를구성하고있어서속도에제한이없다. 전기적으로는순간적으로단전되나기계적으로는연속적으로습동할수있도록구성되어있다 [1, 3]. 이중절연방식은절연체를사용하고있는구분장치에비해기능상으로나운용보수여건으로볼때시설의 Maintenance Free 에크게기여할수있어서고속화구간에는이장치의사용이적합하다. 그러나, 절연구간을포함하여차량의타행거리가약 700 m 이상이필요하기때문에기존선과같은경우에평탄선로 그림 4 KTX차량동력전달계통 [4] Fig. 4 Traction power transmission system of KTX train KTX 동력차량전기공급회로구성은그림 5와같다 [4, 8]. KTX차량은속도제어를단계별로자동제어하도록되어있으며, KTX에장착된인버터는두가지전환모드로 SCR 싸이리스터제어를시행하여그림 6과같이운전모드를강제전환모드와자연전환모드로구분한다. 1) 강제전환모드 : ZONE 1, ZONE 2, ZONE 3 ( 인버터제어카드전원으로 SCR 싸이리스터를 turn on/off 제어 ) 2) 자연전환모드 : ZONE 4 ( 견인전동기역기전력으로 SCR 1524

3 Trans. KIEE. Vol. 64, No. 10, OCT, 2015 그림 5 KTX 동력차량전기공급회로 [4, 8, 10] Fig. 5 Power supply circuit of KTX Power car 그림 6 KTX 인버터전환모드 [4] Fig. 6 Inverter switching mode of KTX 3월 10일부터 31일까지 20일간김천전철변전소절연구간에서발생한모터블럭차단현상은총 10건으로모두김천구미역을정차한 KTX (KTX-산천제외) 가절연구간을타력으로통과한후 KTX 인버터전환모드가 ZONE 3에서 ZONE 4로변경되면서발생하였다. 그림 8과같이김천전철변전소절연구간운행순간 KTX 모터블럭동작상태를분석해보면김천구미역에정차한 KTX열차가김천구미역출발후운행속도 1 km /h 지점에서인버터전환모드가 ZONE 1에서 ZONE 2로전환되었고, 운행속도 30 km /h 지점에서 ZONE 3로변경되었으며, 이후지속적으로속도를상승하며진행하다가절연구간전방타력운행시작전 119 km /h 지점에서 ZONE 4로전환되었으나 122 km /h 속도에서선로조건 15 의상구배구간을타력으로운행하기시작하면서속도가감소되어 114 km /h 지점에서다시 ZONE 3로변경되면서절연구간을통과하였고, 절연구간통과후운행속도 98 km /h지점에서역행운전을시작하면서 119 km /h 지점에서인버터전환모드가다시 ZONE 3에서 ZONE 4로변경되었다. 또한이지점에서모터블럭차단현상이지속적으로발생되는것을확인하였다 [4]. 싸이리스터를 turn on/off 제어 ) 경부고속철도에서발생하는 KTX 모터블럭차단현상은운행중과전류또는과전압, 주파수오류, 전차선이선등이례사항발생시모터블록을일시적으로차단하는일시차단현상과 KTX 운행중모터블럭에치명적손상을유발하는장애발생시또는견인중일시적차단이 2분내 2회이상발생시모터블록을차단하는완전차단현상이발생한다. 본논문에서는그림 7과같이약 4개월간경부고속선에서발생한 KTX 모터블럭차단현상을분석하였다. 분석결과완전차단은 3개월간일일평균 0.98건이발생하였으나 3개월분석후 0.67 건으로 32% 가감소되었으며, 일시차단은 3개월간일일평균 2.5건에서 4월들어 8.8건으로 339% 증가하였다 [3]. 모터블럭차단원인분석결과완전차단감소는모터블럭차단시고장처리기술력향상으로중복고장을예방한효과가있었던것으로분석되며, 일시차단증가는천안아산~광명역구간 90 km /h 속도제한으로동구간에서발생한일시차단이급격히증가한것으로분석되었다 [4]. 그림 8 김천SS 절연구간통과시 KTX차량동작상태분석 [4] Fig. 8 Operational status analysis when KTX train pass through neutral section of Gim-cheon substation 2.3 김천SS 및 KTX 차량의전압, 전류, 고조파측정김천구미역을정차한 KTX가출발후약 2 km떨어진김천전철변전소절연구간통과시가선전압및부하전류의변화와고조파발생여부등차량에공급되는전차선로전력품질을측정하기위하여김천전철변전소급전측 F1, F2, F3, F4 4개 Feeder 에전력분석기 (PNA-600) 를설치하여급전측전압, 전류를측정하였고, 동시간대경부고속철도서울~부산간을운행하는 KTX 열차에전력분석기 (DEWE-571) 를설치하여가선전압및부하전류, 고조파등을측정하고분석한다 김천 SS 최대부하시전압, 전류측정결과 그림 7 모터불럭차단발생분석 [4] Fig. 7 Analysis of Motor block shutdown 김천전철변전소급전구간을운행하는 KTX 최대부하시전압, 전류측정결과표 2와같이가선전압의최소값은 AC kv로급전전압의기준값범위가 19~29 kv에적합한것으로확 경부고속선절연구간에서 KTX 운행중모터블럭의동작특성분석 1525

4 전기학회논문지 64 권 10 호 2015 년 10 월 인되었으며, 가선전류는운행다이아에따라지속적으로변동되어약 9 초정도 500 A 이상유지하였으나최대값은 521 A로변전소급전측과전류설정치 1,106 A의약 47% 수준으로적합한것으로확인되었다. 그림 9는최대부하시김천전철변전소전압및전류측정치를그래프로표현하였으며, 또한최근 3년간운용데이터를기준으로전철변전소의부하율과수용률을분석한결과평균 20~30% 수준으로설비용량은열차운행에큰영향이없는것으로분석되었다 [4, 9]. 표 2 김천SS 전압, 전류측정결과 [4] Table 2 Voltage and current measurements result of Gimcheon substation 구분 일시 급전전압 [kv] 급전전류 [A] 비고 최대 최소 최대 측정 (28.94) 값 (27.25) 기준값 (29.00) 평일 (23.97) F3 : 521 (24.45) (1,024) (19.00) - 주말 ( :59경 ) ( ) : 열차공급전압 전류기준 그림 10 김천SS 절연구간통과시 KTX 차량의전압, 전류그래프 [4] Fig. 10 Voltage and current graphs of KTX train when train pass through the neutral section of Gimcheon substation 압기및컨버터, 인버터등을사용하여단상교류를직류및 3상교류로변환하는다양한전력변환장치를사용하는관계로기본파이외의다양한차수의고조파를발생하며, 이고조파는고조파를발생시키는기기의효율을감소시키는것은물론계통에연결되어있는다른기기에도영향을미친다. 김천전철변전소절연구간통과전정상운전상태에서 KTX 차량에서발생하는전압, 전류에포함된고조파성분을측정한결과그림 11과같이 3차, 5차고조파등홀수고조파가발생하고있으나 0~30% 수준으로모터블럭등전력기기에영향을줄정도의고조파는발생하지않았으며, KTX 차량의모터블럭차단현상이발생하는인버터전환모드 ZONE 3에서 ZONE 4로변환되는시점의고조파측정결과그림 12에서와같이 0~35% 수준으로정상적인운전상태와크게다르지않았다. 그러므로 KTX 차량이김천전철변전소절연구간통과시가선전압, 부하전류, 고조파왜형율등의전력품질은차량시스템에영향을주지않는것으로분석되었다. 그림 9 김천SS 최대부하시전압, 전류그래프 [4] Fig. 9 Voltage and current graphs of Gim-cheon substation at the maximum load KTX 차량에서의전압, 전류및고조파측정결과 경부고속철도서울~부산간을운행하는 KTX 차량에서전력분석기 (DEWE-571) 를이용하여김천전철변전소통과시최대전압, 실효전압및실효전류, 주파수파형을측정하였다. 시험당시 KTX 차량에서모터블럭차단현상이발생하지않아정확한분석은어려우나측정결과, 그림 10과같이기준값이내에서정상적으로측정되어전차선로의급전시스템은차량의모터블럭차단발생여부와관계없이정상적인급전상태를유지하고있었음을알수있었다. 경부고속철도에서운행하는 KTX 등전기차량은차량용주변 그림 11 절연구간진입전전력품질분석결과 [4] Fig. 11 Analysis of the power quality before entering the Neutral Section 1526

5 Trans. KIEE. Vol. 64, No. 10, OCT, 2015 그림 12 절연구간통과후 ZONE 4 변환시전력품질분석결과 [4] Fig. 12 Analysis of the power quality in the conversion to Zone 4 after passing through the Neutral Section 3. 결론본논문에서는김천전철변전소절연구간통과시 KTX차량에서발생되는모터블럭차단현상에대하여분석하였다. KTX 차량의모터블럭차단현상은경부고속철도 2단계구간개통시신설된김천구미역으로인해절연구간변경후김천구미역을정차한후최대한가속하여 120~130 km /h로절연구간을통과한 KTX편성차량에서만공통적으로발생되었다. KTX차량의모터블럭차단은절연구간통과후역행시 119 km /h 지점에서인버터전환모드가 ZONE 3에서 ZONE 4대역으로전환되면서집중적으로발생하였고, 이러한모터불럭차단현상은경부고속선천안아산~광명역등일부구간선로작업을위한 90 km /h 서행운전구간에서도간헐적으로발생되는것으로분석되었다. 김천전철변전소절연구간통과시발생되는 KTX 차량의모터블럭차단현상은김천전철변전소및 KTX차량에서전력품질측정결과전기차에전기를공급하는전차선로의전력품질이나절연구간의문제점은아닌것으로판단되며, KTX 차량의차량견인특성인인버터전환모드 ZONE 3에서 ZONE 4로전환하는과정에서발생되는것으로서원전차단예방을위해서는차량기술력확보로정확한원인분석을통한모터블럭차단사례해소가필요하고, 또한프랑스와같이 ZONE 3 속도대역을 30~80 km /h로변경하는것을연구할필요가있다. 또한, 향후 KTX 운행구간에서는절연구간위치선정시차량견인특성이변경되는 115~120 km /h 속도대역에의설치를지양할필요가있을것으로판단된다. References University, pp.16-21, [4] 7th Interface Whole Reporting presentation material, Korea Railroad Corporation, [5] Y. S. Kim, H. C. Yoo, Electric Railway Engineering, Dong-Il Publisher, pp , [6] M. S. Han, S. H. Chang, M. C. Shin, The Development on Train Detection System and Performance Testing on Automatic Changeover System in Neutral Section, The transactions of the Korean institute of electrical engineers, vol. 62, no 3, pp , [7] C. J. Yun, M. G. Noh, J. M. Kim, The Life Cycle Cost Estimation for Domestic Products Motor Block of KTX-1 Considering Periodic Maintenance, The transactions of the Korean institute of electrical engineers, vol. 62, no 2, pp , [8] Technology Development of Design system for High Speed Railway Rolling Stock System, Separate Appendix, Ministry of Transport, KICTEP(Korea Institute of Construction & Transportation Technology Evaluation and Planning), pp , [9] J. R. Kim, D. U. Jang, S. H. Chang, Y. H. Lee, Test and Analysis of Voltage Drop according to Load Capacity in Traction Power Supply System, Spring conference of the Korean society for railway, pp.184, [10] C. J. Youn, M. G. Noh, E. J. Lee, A New Design on the Parallel Load IGBT Brake Chopper System for KTX-1 High Speed Train, The transactions of the Korean institute of electrical engineers, vol. 62, no 3, pp , 저자소개 최창현 (Chang-Hyun Choi) 2003년한밭대학교전기공학과졸업 ( 학사 ), 2012년우송대학교대학원철도시스템학과졸업 ( 석사 ), 2015년우송대학교대학원철도시스템학과 ( 박사과정 ), 현재한국철도공사전기사무소장 [1] Electrical Work Report, Korea Railroad Corporation Electric Technology Division, pp , 2015 [2] Electric Installation Design Guide, Korea Rail Network Authority, pp.42-43, [3] C. H. Choi, A Study on Improvement of wear Resistance for the Insulating Body of Neutral Section Insulator, The Graduate School of Industrial information Woosong 노영환 (Young-Hwan Lho) 1982년경북대학교전자공학과졸업, 1988 년 University of New Mexico 전기공학석사, 1993년 Texas A&M University 전기공학박사, 현재우송대학교철도시스템학과교수. < 주관심분야 : 회로설계, 적응제어, 신호처리등 > 경부고속선절연구간에서 KTX 운행중모터블럭의동작특성분석 1527

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