<30362D31362D B9DABFB5C1A42DC0CCB1D9BFB E687770>
|
|
- 규환 부
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 1 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(1):34-42 ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Original Article 청색광차단인공수정체와자외선차단인공수정체의시기능비교 Intraindividual Comparison of Visual Outcomes between Blue Light-filtering and Ultraviolet Light-filtering Intraocular Lens 이근영 김임규 유성 이광자 이규원 박영정 Geun Young Lee, MD, Im Gyu Kim, MD, Sung Yu, MD, Gwang Ja Lee, MD, Kyoo Won Lee, MD, PhD, Young Jeung Park, MD, PhD 제일안과병원 Cheil Eye Hospital, Daegu, Korea Purpose: To compare the clinical results of short-term visual acuity and quality of vision after implantation of a yellow-tinted blue light-filtering intraocular lens (IOL) (Acrysof IQ SN60WF) and an clear ultraviolet (UV) light filtering IOL (envista TM MX60) in the same patient. Methods: 44 patients with bilateral cataract received an SN60WF in one eye and an MX60 in the other eye. All eyes were evaluated for refraction power and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) at preoperative and 1, 3 months postoperatively. At postoperative 3 months, corrected visual acuity, quality of vision (OQASⅡ ), contrast sensitivity (CGT 2000 ) and visual field (Humphrey Field Analyzer ), and subjective patients' response to the degree of brightness were evaluated. Furthermore, glistening degree, intraocular stability, and posterior capsular opacification were examined. Results: There were no significant differences in average refractive power or UCVA at 1 and 3 months (p > 0.05) between the two groups. At 3 months after cataract surgery, the quality of vision according to OQASⅡ, the contrast sensitivity according to CGT 2000 with the glare either on or off, and visual field; showed no difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Both IOLs had no glistening and posterior capsular opacity. The patients' response to the degree of brightness shows that MX60 (48.3%) has a higher degree of satisfaction. Conclusions: Yellow-tinted blue light-filtering IOL and clear UV light-filtering IOL had no difference in short-term visual acuity and quality of vision. Subjective brightness perception, however, was better with clear UV light-filtering IOL. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(1):34-42 Keywords: Blue light-filtering intraocular lens (IOL), Clear ultraviolet (UV) light-filtering IOL, Glistening, Quality of vision 백내장은실명의가장큰원인이면서도치료할수있는질환으로분류되고있다. 하지만나이관련황반변성은서구에서노인인구의실명을유발하는대표적인원인질환으로알려져있고최근우리나라에서도인구의급속한노령화로인하 Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Young Jeung Park, MD, PhD Cheil Eye Hospital, #1 Ayang-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41196, Korea Tel: , Fax: eyepark9@naver.com 여유병률이증가하는추세이다. Yoon et al 1 은 년도국내역학조사에서우리나라의 60대이상에서백내장유병률은 80.5% 로보고하면서연령이증가하면백내장유병률도증가하고또한나이관련황반변성의유병률은초기나이관련황반변성 10.9%, 후기나이관련황반변성 1.1% 로보고하여우리나라에서도두질환이노령인구의시력장애의주요원인이됨을보고하였다. 그런데이처럼노령인구에서가장높은시력장애의원인인백내장의수술적치료는수술후자외선에의한나이관련황반변성의진행에영향을줄수있다는실험적혹은역학적연구가보고되었다. 2-7 그 c2017 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 34
2 - 이근영외 : 청색광차단과자외선차단인공수정체비교 - 래서백내장수술중사용되는인공수정체의재질에따른시력의질에대한연구는꾸준히있어왔다 nm 파장의자외선은광독성망막증이나낭포황반부종을유발하는주요한원인으로지목되어 1980년대중반부터자외선차단인공수정체 (ultraviolet [UV] lightfiltering lens) 가주로사용되기시작하였다. 4 그러나이러한인공수정체는짧은파장의고에너지인청색광 ( nm) 으로부터망막의광독성을막지못하여나이관련황반변성을진행시킬수있는원인이될수도있다고보고되었다. 5-7 인간의수정체는옅은노란색이었다가나이가들수록수정체내의노란색발색단 (chromophore) 이증가하여짙은노란색으로변한다. 이것은단파장의고에너지빛투과율을감소시켜청색광이망막에도달하는것을막아준다. 그러나백내장수술후인공수정체를삽입하면빛투과율이증가하면서청색시를호소하기도하고, 뿐만아니라나이관련황반변성을가속화시킬수있기때문에단파장으로부터망막을보호할수있는청색광차단인공수정체 (blue lightfiltering IOL) 가 1990년대부터사용되기시작하였다. 반짝임변성 (glistening) 은방수의수성환경에서인공수정체안에나타나는작은액체로채워진미세공포를의미한다. 미세공포는수술후 1주이후조기에발견될수도있지만대개 6개월이내에흔히발생한다. 11,12 그래서인공수정체의재질에따른반짝임변성이시력의질에어떤영향을주는지는지속적으로연구중이다 하지만아직까지명확하게규명되지못하고논란중에있다. 지금까지국외에서청색광차단인공수정체와자외선차단투명인공수정체에대한비교연구와반짝임변성에대한연구가많이있어왔고, 8-15 최근국내에서도인공수정체재질에따른시력질에대한영향 과반짝임변성에대한시력질영향에대한연구가발표되고있다. 20,21 하지만국내에서동일환자에서두인공수정체의시력질을비교한연구는없었고또한반짝임변성에대한비교도부족한현실이다. 그래서저자들은동일백내장수술환자에서한쪽눈에는자외선차단투명인공수정체 envista TM MX60 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) 을삽입하고다른쪽눈에는청색광차단황색착색인공수정체 AcrySof IQ SN60WF (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 를삽입한후단기간에걸쳐시각적및광학적임상결과에미치는영향을비교해보고자한다. 대상과방법 대상환자 2014년 11월부터 2015년 6월까지본원에서동일한술자 (Y.J. Park) 에의해양안모두 1개월이내에백내장초음파유화술및인공수정체삽입술이시행된환자를대상으로하였고한사람의각기다른눈에서로다른인공수정체를삽입하였다. 술후 3개월이상추적관찰이가능했던환자를후향적으로의무기록을분석하였고본원의기관연구윤리심의위원회 (institutional review board, IRB) 의승인을받았다. 모든대상환자는백내장수술전에세극등검사, 나안원거리시력, 안압측정, 자동굴절각막곡률계, 안저검사, 스펙트럼빛간섭단층촬영 (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) 을시행하였다. 인공수정체도수는 IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditiec AG, Jena, Germany) 와 A-scan (ECHOSCAN US-3000, NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan) 을이용하여측정한안축장을사용하였고, 인공수정체도수는 Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) 공식에서정시안 (0.0D) 에가까운도수로결정하였다. 대상자는술후굴절력차이에의한시기능과시력차이를최소화하기위해서, 인공수정체도수가 D인경우로하였고굴절난시가 2.0D 이하인경우로하였다. 또한스펙트럼빛간섭단층촬영에서시신경유두와황반부에특이소견이없는환자를대상으로하였고술후시력에영향을줄수있는각막질환이나망막질환, 녹내장, 외상력, 염증이있는환자와술중합병증이생긴경우는대상에서제외하였다. 인공수정체 MX60 은일체형비구면인공수정체로친수성과소수성의성질을모두지닌새롭게개발된인공수정체이며 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-styrene copolyme로이루어져있다. 굴절계수가 1.54이며, 광학부크기가 6.0 mm이고전체길이는 12.5 mm의판형지지부를가진다. 표면경도 (surface hardness) 는 11 Mpa로자외선을차단하는투명인공수정체이다. SN60WF는일체형형태의소수성아크릴재질로서후면비구면표면을가진인공수정체이다. 굴절계수는 1.55이고, 광학부크기는 6.0 mm, 전체길이가 13.0 mm이며, 표면경도는 0.24 Mpa로 MX60보다약 46배작고자외선과청색광을차단하는황색착색인공수정체이다 (Fig. 1). 수술수술은침공마취 (Pinpoint anesthesia) 를이용하였고이측에 2.75 mm의미세투명각막절개후 mm 크기로전낭원형절개를실시하였다. Infinity Vision System (Alcon Laboratories Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) 을이용하여초음파유화술을시행한후인공수정체를후낭에삽입하였다. 관류및흡인을시행하여남은점탄물질을제거하였다. 모든대 35
3 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 1 호 - 상환자는수술중전낭원형절개의합병증, 후낭파열및수정체중심이탈등의합병증은발생하지않았다. 술후검사두군에서술후 1개월에자동굴절검사기를이용한굴절력, 나안원거리시력을측정하였고, 술후 3개월에는굴절력, 나안원거리시력, 교정시력을측정하였다. 술후 3개월에시력의질을평가하기위해서 Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II, Visiometrics, S.L., Castelldefels, Spain) 를이용하여 objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off value, Strehl ratio, VA100, VA20, VA9를측정하였다. 대비감도는자동대비감도눈부심측정기인 Contrast glare tester 2000 (CGT 2000, Takagi, Seiko, Japan) 를사용하여명소시 (photopic), 박명시 (mesopic), 암소시 (scotopic) 상태에서눈부심 (glare) 유무에따라서대비감도정도를 6.3, 4.0, 2.5, 1.6, 1.0, 0.7 cycle/degree마다측정하였다. 시야검사는 Humphrey field analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) 를이용한 24-2 Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA)- fast 검사상의 Mean deviation (MD), Pattern standard deviation (PSD), Fovea threshold를측정하여두군간에비교하였다. 또한원거리최대교정시력으로교정한상태에서 5 m 시표를주시했을때어느쪽이더밝은지묻는주관적밝기에대한느낌을조사하였다. 술후 3개월째산동하여세극등검사로후낭혼탁의정도와반짝임변성정도를관찰하였다. 반짝임변성정도는 Colin et al 22 이사용한주관적분류를이용하여 0-2로표시하여두군에서비교하였다. 통계통계학적분석은 PAWS 18.0 version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하였으며대응표본 t-test를이용하여두군간의차이를비교하였고 p<0.05인경우통계적으로유의한것으로간주하였다. 결 과 Figure 1. Blue light-filtering intraocular lens and ultraviolet (UV) light-filtering intraocular lens. The left lens is envista TM MX60 and the right lens is AcrySof IQ SN60WF. 총 44명의환자에서 MX60 삽입군은우안 24안, 좌안 20 안이고 SN60WF 삽입군은우안 20안에좌안 24안이었다. 환자의평균나이는 70.0 ± 8.6세였고 MX60 삽입군과 SN60WF 삽입군에서술전나안시력, 굴절력, 안축장길이, 사용된인공수정체도수, 스펙트럼빛간섭단층촬영으로측정된황반부두께는유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05) (Table 1). 수술후 1개월째와 3개월째측정한나안시력은두군에서큰유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05). 3개월째측정한교정시력은 MX60 삽입군은 0.96 ± 0.08, SN60WF 삽입군에서 0.94 ± 0.09로두군에서유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 술 Table 1. Patient demographics envista TM MX60 Intraocular lens type AcrySof IQ SN60WF p-value * Number of eyes OD:OS 24:20 20:24 Sex (male:female) 14:30 14:30 Mean age (years) 70.0 ± ± 8.6 Pre OP S.E. (D) 0.55 ± ± UCVA (Snellen) 0.42 ± ± Axial length (mm) ± ± Intraocular lens power (D) ± ± Foveal thickness measured by OCT (μm) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Pre OP = preoperative; S.E. = spherical equivalent; D = diopter; UCVA = uncorrected distant visual acuity; OCT = optical coherence tomography. * p-value: paired sample t-test. 36
4 - 이근영외 : 청색광차단과자외선차단인공수정체비교 - 후자동굴절검사에서구면렌즈대응치는 MX60 삽입군 /SN60WF 삽입군에서 1개월째차이가없었고, 3개월째 ± 0.53D/0.07 ± 0.41D로측정되어두군에서유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05) (Table 2). 술후 3개월째 OQAS II 를이용하여측정한시기능검사상 MX60 삽입군 /SN60WF 삽입군에서 OSI 1.28 ± 0.84/1.35 ± 1.04, MTF cutoff value ± 9.08/31.98 ± 10.68, Strehl ratio 0.17 ± 0.05/0.16 ± 0.05로두군에서유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 그리고대비감도에따른시력 VA100, VA20, VA9도두군에서유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05) (Table 3). CGT 2000 을이용한대비감도검사상, 원거리 (5 m) 에서명소시와박명시, 암소시에서 glare on 및 off 상태에서두군간유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p>0.05) (Fig. 2). Humphrey field analyzer 를이용한 24-2 SITA-fast 시야검사상의 MD는 MX60 삽입군 /SN60WF 삽입군에서 ± 0.89/-1.67 ± 1.08, PSD는 2.16 ± 0.86/2.41 ± 1.29, Fovea threshold는 ± 1.96/35.09 ± 2.07로두군간통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p>0.05) (Table 4). 원거리최대교정시력으로교정한상태에서 5 m 시표를 Table 2. Refractive and visual outcomes at postoperative 1 month and 3 months Intraocular lens type envista TM MX60 AcrySof IQ SN60WF p-value * Postop 1 month UCVA 0.79 ± ± S.E. (D) 0.00 ± ± Postop 3 months UCVA 0.80 ± ± BCVA 0.96 ± ± S.E. (D) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Postop = postoperative; UCVA= uncorrected visual acuity (Snellen); S.E. = spherical equivalent; D = diopter; BCVA= best corrected visual acuity. * p-value: paired sample t-test. A B C Figure 2. Contrast sensitivity test. The contrast sensitivity measurement using CGT-2000 was compared at (A) day, (B) twilight, and (C) night. Superior column tested when glare off, inferior column tested when glare on (p < 0.05). 37
5 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 1 호 - Table 3. Optical quality parameters measured by optical quality analysis system II (OQAS II ) at postoperative 3 months Intraocular lens type envista TM MX60 AcrySof IQ SN60WF p-value * OSI 1.28 ± ± MTF cut-off value ± ± Strehl ratio 0.17 ± ± VA ± ± VA ± ± VA ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. OSI = objective scatter index; MTF = modulation transfer function; VA100 = optical quality of the eye for 100% contrast conditions; VA20 = optical quality of the eye for 20% contrast conditions; VA9 = optical quality of the eye for 9% contrast conditions. * p-value: paired sample t-test. Table 4. Visual field parameters measured by Humphrey field analyzer : 24-2 SITA-Fast at postoperative 3 months envista TM MX60 Intraocular lens type AcrySof IQ SN60WF p-value * MD ± ± PSD 2.16 ± ± Fovea threshold ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. MD = mean deviation; PSD = pattern standard deviation. * p value: paired sample t-test. 고 찰 Figure 3. Questionnaire about brightness perception at postoperative 3 months. 29 out of 44 (66%) patients answered the questionnaire. 주시했을때어느쪽이더밝은지묻는설문에서 44명중 29명이조사에참여하여 66% 의응답률을보였으며, 이중 48.3% 에서 MX60 삽입군이더밝게보인다고하였으며, 37.9% 는밝기의차이가없으며, 13.8% 는 SN60WF 삽입군에서더밝게보인다고하였다 (Fig. 3). 술후 3개월째산동검사하여인공수정체의위치와후낭혼탁그리고반짝임변성을조사한결과대상안모두에서인공수정체는낭내에잘고정되어있었고, 두군에서시력에영향을주는후낭혼탁은생기지않았다. 두군모두에서반짝임변성도 grade 0으로발생하지않았다 (Fig. 4). 인간의수정체는나이가들수록수정체안의노란색발색단이증가하여짙은노란색으로변화한다. 이발색단은단파장, 고에너지의빛을흡수하여망막에도달하는것을막아준다. 따라서백내장수술후투명인공수정체가삽입되면망막에도달하는고에너지파장의빛이증가하면서망막의광독성을유발할수있다는주장이제기되었다. 백내장수술과관련된나이관련황반변성의영향에대한연구로, Pollack et al 5 은양안에초기나이관련황반변성이있는환자에서한눈만수술하고경과관찰한결과인공수정체안이대조안에비해나이관련황반변성으로진행할확률이 4 배더크다고보고하였다. 또한 Klein et al 6 과 Wang et al 7 은 Beaver Dam Eye Study와 Blue Mountains Eye Study를통한 6,000명이상의코호트역학조사에서노령인구에서초기나이관련황반변성이존재하는환자에서백내장수술후후기나이관련황반변성으로진행할위험이 2-5배높다고보고하였다. 하지만 Chew et al 23 은 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 역학조사에서백내장수술과나이관련황반변성의진행과는상관성이없다는상반된결과를보고하고있다. 또한청색광차단에따른인공수정체의장점은광학적색수차를감소시키고청색시를줄여준다고보고되었다. 그러나청색광차단인공수정체는대부분황색착색인공수정체이기때문에청색광인식에영향을받을 38
6 - 이근영외 : 청색광차단과자외선차단인공수정체비교 - A B Figure 4. Slit lamp examination at postoperative 3 months. Posterior capsular opacity and glistening did not develop in the (A) envista TM MX60 (B) AcrySof IQ SN60WF. 수있어서색각과대비감도의영향에대한연구들이있는데, 차이가없다는연구도있지만박명시나암소시에서는차이가날수있다는연구도있고일주기리듬 (Circardian rhythm) 의영향으로불면증을유발할수있다는연구도있다. 10,24 지금까지진행된다양한연구들은검사군의특성과검사장비가일치하지않아직접적인검사결과의차이를분석하고해석하기는어려운현실이다. 반짝임변성은인공수정체의재질과재질내의수분사이의굴절률차이에의해발생한다고알려져있고, 유리이행온도인 18.5 이상의온도가순간적으로상승할때온도차이에의해발생한다고보고되었다. 25 이때생기는작은액체로이루어진미세공포로인해빛이반사와산란되어미세공포는반짝임을나타낸다. 반짝임변성발생과관련된인자로는인공수정체재질과제조방법, 인공수정체내의수분함량의변화, 온도변화, 제조기술, 인공수정체포장방법, 혈액방수장벽의파괴, 수술적요인등이있다. 11,12 Oshika et al 13 과 Park et al 21 의보고에따르면반짝임변성 이시력에영향을미치지않는다고하였으나, Dhaliwal et al 15 은대비감도저하나시력저하등과연관이있다고보고하고있다. 그러나반짝임변성이시력에영향을미치는지는아직까지정확하게규명되고있지는않았다. 본연구에서사용된일체형비구면인공수정체인 SN60WF는소수성아크릴인공수정체로생체적합성이우수할뿐아니라청색광을흡수하는발색단을가져서나이관련황반변성의위험이있는환자에서현재많은수술자가선호하는인공수정체의하나이다. 그러나청색광을차단함으로써시기능에영향을주어암소시대비감도나색각에영향을줄수있다고보고되고있다. 10 또한술후반짝임변성이 % 의환자에서발생하여반짝임변성이가장많은인공수정체로알려져있다. 12 본연구에서사용된다른일체형비구면인공수정체인 MX60은친수성과소수성의성질을모두지닌새롭게개발된인공수정체로교차결합중합체 (cross-linked polymer) hydroxyethyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer 로이루어져 39
7 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 1 호 - 있다. MX60 의수분함량은 4% 로다른소수성아크릴인공수정체의수분함량 ( %) 에비하여높아다른소수성아크릴인공수정체보다유연성및겹침성을향상시켰으며 0.9% 의생리식염수에포장되어수분확산을줄여반짝임변성의발생을낮출수있다고보고되었다 또한 400 nm 미만파장의자외선만차단하며 nm의청색광은투과되는투명인공수정체이다. Packer et al 27 과 Heiner et al 28 은 MX60군에서수술후 2년째까지반짝임변성이전혀나타나지않았다고보고된것처럼 MX60은현재까지임상적으로증명된반짝임변성방지재질로이루어진유일한인공수정체이다. 본연구에서는청색광차단황색착색인공수정체 (SN60WF) 와반짝임방지처리가된투명인공수정체 (MX60) 를동일환자에서무작위로양안에각각삽입하여백내장수술후단기간의시력및시력의질을비교하였다. 그래서동일환자에서이루어진연구디자인으로결과해석에영향을줄수있는다양한변수를배제할수있었으며, 이론적으로는삽입된인공수정체의특성의차이만결과에영향을주었을것으로판단된다. 본연구결과에서 MX60과 SN60WF는수술후 3개월째나안시력, 교정시력, 시야, 시력의질, 대비감도에서두렌즈간유의한차이가없었다. 이것은저자들의연구와같이동일인을대상으로연구한다른연구 8,9 와일치하는결과로보편적인안과검사에서는환자들이차이를구분하지못하는것으로생각된다. Lee at al 19 이서로다른세가지비구면일체형인공수정체 (MX60, SN60WF, TECNIS ZCB00) 삽입수술후결과에서시력이나수차그리고변조전달기능 (modulation transfer function) 차이가없다는연구와 Park et al 21 이서로다른환자군에서두종류의일체형비구면인공수정체 (MX60, SN60WF) 에대해술후 1년째시력, 대비감도및주관적인빛번짐증상등시력의질적차이가없었다는국내연구와일치하는소견을보였다. 하지만몇몇연구자들은청색광차단인공수정체를자외선만차단한인공수정체와비교한연구에서암소시상태에서색각구분이나대비감도의감소를보고하고있는데 10 저자들의경우는색각검사를하지못하였고, 대비감도에서기존연구와결과차이는인공수정체선택이일치하지않는점과대상군의나이, 검사장비의차이에서발생할수있다고생각된다. 본연구결과에서술후 3개월째두군에서시력에영향을주는후낭혼탁은생기지않았고두군에서의반짝임변성정도는 0이었다. 반짝임변성은수술직후부터수개월까지약 30-60% 의빈도로생길수있고, 수술후 3년까지도그정도가진행하는것으로알려져있다. Park et al 21 은수 술후 1년경과관찰시 MX60은 2.6%, SN60WF는 32.6% 의빈도로반짝임변성이발생하여두인공수정체간유의한차이가있었지만, 두군에서시력질에서는차이가없었다고하였다. Kang et al 20 은반짝임변성방지처리가된 MX60에서수술후스트레이라이트측정기를이용한시력의질평가에서기존의친수성인공수정체 (AKreos MI-60) 와유의한차이가없다고보고하였고, Colin and Orignac 14 은인공수정체에서반짝임변성정도에따른대비감도에대한검사상유의한차이가없다고보고하였다. 하지만 Oshika et al 13 은미세공포가 40개이상이관찰되는 4단계의반짝임변성일경우에경도에서중등도의광학적질저하를초래할수있다고보고하였다. 이처럼반짝임변성이시력질에영향을미치는지에대해서는아직의견이분분하다. 저자들의경우는경과관찰기간이 3개월로짧아서반짝임변성이두군에서없었다. 하지만 SN60WF의경우반짝임변성이가장많이발생하는인공수정체로알려져있고또한경과관찰이길어지면반짝임변성이증가되는것으로알려져있어서본대상과같은동일군을향후장기간경과관찰해서두인공수정체에서반짝임변성에따른시력질영향에대한연구가필요하리라생각된다. 본연구에서병적인상태를평가할수있는객관적시기능검사에서는두군의차이는없어서두인공수정체는일상적인생활에는영향이없을것으로생각된다. 하지만최대교정시력으로교정한상태에서 5 m 시표를주시했을때어느쪽이더밝게느껴지는가에대한주관적설문에서질문에응답한환자중 48.3% 가 MX60이더밝게보인다고답하였다. 이것은보라색과청색광은야간의 45%, 멜라놉신 (melanopsin) 의 67%, 일주기 (circadian) 의 83% 빛을제공하는데, 20.0D의청색광차단인공수정체는 nm 의보라색과청색광을 43% 차단하며이러한빛의투과도감소를환자가느끼는차이로설명할수있다. 24 Turner and Mainster 29 는나이에따른일주기광수용 (circadian photoreception) 에관한연구에서자외선차단인공수정체가청색광차단인공수정체보다더많은빛을투과시키는데이것은상대적으로약 15-20세젊은연령의광수용을제공한다고보고하였다. 그리고자외선차단인공수정체와청색광차단인공수정체사이의빛의투과도차이는고령집단보다젊은집단에서더차이가심하다고보고하였다. 이러한결과는고령의환자에서는두인공수정체의빛의투과율의차이를적게느끼는것을의미하는데저자들의연구에서도대상자의평균연령은비교적 70세로고령집단인관계로절반정도에서만자외선차단인공수정체가밝다고느낀이유인것으로생각된다. 최근에는다초점인공수정체나난시교정용인공수정체에서도청색광차단인 40
8 - 이근영외 : 청색광차단과자외선차단인공수정체비교 - 공수정체가널리사용되고있는데이러한시술을받는환자들의연령이상대적으로젊은점을감안하면향후고령집단이아닌젊은환자에서두인공수정체의차이에대한시력과시기능및밝기차이에대한비교연구가추가로필요할것으로생각된다. 본연구의한계는첫째, 두렌즈를비교함에있어서집단의수가적었고, 둘째, 망막에이상이없는환자만을대상으로하여청색광차단인공수정체의장점인나이관련황반변성에대한영향을평가할수없고단지두렌즈간의시기능만을비교하였다는점이다. 셋째, 경과관찰이 3개월이라는단기간연구라서반짝임변성에대한영향을파악할수없었다. 또한대상환자의연령이고령이란점에서백내장수술환자의전체연령을대변할수없어서추후더젊은나이의백내장환자에대해서도같은연구가필요하리라생각된다. 하지만저자들의연구는국내에서처음으로동일한환자에서청색광차단인공수정체와자외선차단인공수정체의시기능을비교한연구로서의의가있고기존의연구와달리주관적인밝기차이가있다는것을확인한것은본연구의의의라고생각된다. 결론적으로본연구에서청색광차단황색착색인공수정체 (SN60WF) 와자외선차단투명인공수정체 (MX60) 는단기간의시력과시기능에는차이가없었으나주관적밝기는자외선차단투명인공수정체에서높았다. REFERENCES 1) Yoon KC, Mun GH, Kim SD, et al. Prevalence of eye diseases in South Korea: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Korean J Ophthalmol 2011;25: ) Putting BJ, van Best JA, Zweypfenning RC, et al. Spectral sensitivity of the blood-retinal barrier at the pigment epithelium for blue light in the nm range. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993;231: ) Sparrow JR, Miller AS, Zhou J. Blue light-absorbing intraocular lens and retinal pigment epithelium protection in vitro. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30: ) Ham WT Jr, Mueller HA, Sliney DH. Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. Nature 1976;260: ) Pollack A, Marcovich A, Bukelman A, Oliver M. Age-related macular degeneration after extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Ophthalmology 1996;103: ) Klein R, Klein BE, Wong TY, et al. The association of cataract and cataract surgery with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120: ) Wang JJ, Klein R, Smith W, et al. Cataract surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related maculopathy: pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains eye studies. Ophthalmology 2003;110: ) Mester U, Holz F, Kohnen T, et al. Intraindividual comparison of a blue-light filter on visual function: AF-1 (UY) versus AF-1 (UV) intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34: ) Schmack I, Schimpf M, Stolzenberg A, et al. Visual quality assessment in patients with orange-tinted blue light-filtering and clear ultraviolet light-filtering intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38: ) Zhu XF, Zou HD, Yu YF, et al. Comparison of blue light-filtering IOLs and UV light-filtering IOLs for cataract surgery: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012;7:e ) Werner L. Glistenings and surface light scattering in intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010;36: ) Colin J, Praud D, Touboul D, Schweitzer C. Incidence of glistenings with the latest generation of yellow-tinted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38: ) Oshika T, Shiokawa Y, Amano S, Mitomo K. Influence of glistenings on the optical quality of acrylic foldable intraocular lens. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85: ) Colin J, Orignac I. Glistenings on intraocular lenses in healthy eyes: effects and associations. J Refract Surg 2011;27: ) Dhaliwal DK, Mamalis N, Olson RJ, et al. Visual significance of glistenings seen in the AcrySof intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22: ) Bae HW, Kim EK, Kim TI. Spherical aberration, contrast sensitivity and depth of focus with three aspherical intraocular lenses. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50: ) Kang IS, You IC, Park YG, Yoon KC. Comparison of visual function among aspheric intraocular lenses. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50: ) Mun GH, Im SK, Park HY, Yoon KC. Comparison of visual function between two aspheric intraocular lenses after microcoaxial cataract surgery. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51: ) Lee KH, Yoon MH, Seo KY, et al. Comparisons of clinical results after implantation of three aspheric intraocular lenses. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54: ) Kang MJ, Hwang HB, Chung SK. Effect of glistening-free intraocular lens on intraocular straylight. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55: ) Park YS, Ji YS, Yoon KC. Comparison of clinical long-term outcomes with two types of one-piece aspheric intraocular lenses after cataract surgery. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57: ) Colin J, Orignac I, Touboul D. Glistenings in a large series of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35: ) Chew EY, Sperduto RD, Milton RC, et al. Risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration after cataract surgery in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS report 25. Ophthalmology 2009;116: ) Mainster MA, Turner PL. Blue-blocking IOLs decrease photoreception without providing significant photoprotection. Surv Ophthalmol 2010;55: ) Apple DJ, Mamalis N, Olson RJ, Kincaid MC. Intraocular lenses: evolution, designs, complications, and pathology, 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989; ) Packer M, Rajan M, Ligabue E, Heiner P. Clinical properties of a novel, glistening-free, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic IOL. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8: ) Packer M, Fry L, Lavery KT, et al. Safety and effectiveness of a 41
9 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 1 호 - glistening-free single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (envista). Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7: ) Heiner P, Ligabue E, Fan A, Lam D. Safety and effectiveness of a single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (envista[r]) - results of a European and Asian-Pacific study. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8: ) Turner PL, Mainster MA. Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye s important role in systemic health. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92: = 국문초록 = 청색광차단인공수정체와자외선차단인공수정체의시기능비교 목적 : 백내장수술을받은동일환자에서청색광차단황색착색인공수정체 (Acrysof IQ R SN60WF) 와자외선차단투명인공수정체 (envista TM MX60) 를삽입후단기간시력및시기능결과를비교하고자한다. 대상과방법 : 양안백내장수술을진행한 44 명환자를대상으로한눈에는 SN60WF 를다른눈에는 MX60 을삽입하였다. 대상환자는술전, 술후 1, 3 개월에굴절력, 나안시력을측정하였다. 수술후 3 개월째교정시력, OQAS Ⅱ R 를이용한시력의질측정, CGT 2000 R 을통한대비감도검사, 자동시야검사를하여두눈에서시력과시기능을비교하였고두눈에서주관적밝기를평가하였다. 또한인공수정체의반짝임변성정도, 인공수정체의낭내안정성과후낭혼탁을검사하였다. 결과 : 술후두군에서모두 1 개월, 3 개월째평균굴절력과나안시력, 교정시력은차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 술후 3 개월째 OQAS Ⅱ R 를이용한시력의질, CGT 2000 R 을이용한 glare on 또는 off 상태의대비감도, 시야검사결과비교는두군에서차이가없었으며 (p>0.05), 두군모두반짝임변성이없었고, 후낭혼탁이발생하지않았다. 밝기를묻는설문에서는 48.3% 에서 MX60 군이더밝게보인다고답하였다. 결론 : 청색광차단황색착색인공수정체와자외선차단투명인공수정체는단기간의시력과시기능에차이가없었으나주관적밝기는자외선차단투명인공수정체에서높았다. < 대한안과학회지 2017;58(1):34-42> 42
<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More information<30382D30372D323428B9DABFB5C1A42DC0AFBCBA E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 3 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(3):405-412 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.3.405 Original Article 회절성이중다초점인공수정체와회절성삼중다초점인공수정체의임상결과비교
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information<30362D30322D303628B1E8C5C2C0D32DC0CCC1D8BFF D34382E687770>
= 증례보고 = 두종류의삼체형비구면인공수정체삽입후임상결과의비교 대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 1 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(1):43-48 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.1.43 이준원 김재훈 김응권 김태임 연세대학교의과대학안과학교실,
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information<30342D30342D333428B1E8C0E7BFEB2DBEF6C5C2BFF5293736372D3737342E687770>
= 증례보고 = 대한안과학회지 2012년 제 53 권 제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(6):767-774 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.6.767 두 가지 친수성 비구면 인공수정체를 삽입한 백내장 수술안에서 6개월 임상 성적
More information<31312D30392D313928B9DABFB5C1A42DB1E8C1F6C7F E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(6):875-884 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.6.875 Original Article 덧댐굴절력이같은회절성과굴절성다초점인공수정체의임상결과비교
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More information,.,.,., AcrySof IQ ReSTOR,,.. 1, AcrySof IQ ReSTOR. AcrySof IQ ReSTOR. AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL.
가장 잘 볼 수 있는 백내장 대체 렌즈를 선택하십시오. 삶은 한 가지 거리에서만 진행되는 것이 아닙니다. TM 더 많은 것을 볼수록 더 풍요로운 삶을 살 수 있습니다. ,.,.,., AcrySof IQ ReSTOR,,.. 1, AcrySof IQ ReSTOR. AcrySof IQ ReSTOR. AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL. ?... 2... " ".,,,..
More information<30332D31312D313928C3D6C7F5C1F82DC0CCC1F8C8A E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(6):809-816 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.6.809 Original Article 각막구면수차의교정을동반한백내장수술의임상결과분석 Clinical Outcomes
More information< D30322D303828B1E8C5C2C0D32DB9E8C7FCBFF8292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(11):1639-1644 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.11.1639 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-11-02-08 세종류의비구면인공수정체간의술후구면수차, 대비감도및초점심도정도의비교 배형원 김응권 김태임 연세대학교의과대학안과학교실,
More information(정성근-김형진) hwp
대한안과학회지 11 년제 52 권제 12 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 11;52(12):1448-1454 pissn: 378-6471 eissn: 92-9374 http://dx.doi.org/1.3341/jkos.11.52.12.1448 = 증례보고 = 하이드로겔재질의전 ( 全 ) 광학부형태인조절인공수정체의임상결과와안정성 김형진 1 서정원
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information< D B7B9BDBAC5E420B4D9C3CAC1A120C0CEB0F8BCF6C1A4C3BCC0C720C0D3BBF3BCBAC0FB20B9D720B9AEC1A6C1A E687770>
대한안과학회지제 49 권제 8 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(8):1235-1241, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.8.1235 레스토 R 다초점인공수정체의임상성적및문제점 이현수 박신혜 김만수 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과학교실 목적 : 회절형다초점인공수정체인 AcrySof ReSTOR 의근거리및원거리시력교정효과와환자의만족도를조사하고,
More information<30392D31362D C0FCC1BEC8AD2DB0ADBDC2C0CF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 12 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(12):1891-1896 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.12.1891 Original Article 일체형과삼체형인공수정체삽입시도수산출공식간의술후굴절예측의정확성비교
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information<30382D30392D313228C1D6C3B5B1E22DC1A4BFB5B1C E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(4):519-526 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.4.519 Original Article M-plus 다초점인공수정체의임상성적 Clinical Outcomes
More information< D30362D303828B1E8B8B8BCF62DB1E8BCD2C0B D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2012 년제 53 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(2):223-229 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.2.223 = 증례보고 = 다초점렌즈삽입술후시력의만족도를높일수있는목표굴절력결정에대한연구 김소윤 김만수 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과및시과학교실
More information< D30322D323528B1E8C5C2C0D32DC0CCBBF3BFB1292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(10):1520-1526 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.10.1520 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-10-02-25 백내장수술에서 2 가지비구면인공수정체삽입후임상결과의비교 이상엽 정재림 홍진표 서경률 김응권 김태임 연세대학교의과대학안과학교실시기능개발연구소
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More information11_정은지 외_ 수정 완료.hwp
원저 ISSN 2093-9272 일산병원학술지 2018;17(2):59-63 특발성망막앞막환자에서유리체절제술과백내장병합수술후굴절력예측 연세대학교의과대학안과학교실시기능개발연구소 1, 국민건강보험일산병원안과 김주연 1,2, 한승수 2, 정은지 2 2 Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Estimation in Eyes Undergoing
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information<30362D30382D313328C1A4BCD2C7E22DBEE7BCF8BFF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(2):200-207 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.2.200 Original Article 두가지토릭인공수정체삽입후임상결과분석 Comparison
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information<3031312D30312D303528B9DABCBAC8F12DC3D6C1D8C8A3293535392D3536342E687770>
= 증례보고 = 대한안과학회지 2012년 제 53 권 제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(4):559-564 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.4.559 만성 안질환 환자들의 운전 행태에 대한 설문 조사 최준호 조아란 하승주 최경식
More information<30392D30332D313828B1E8B9CCB1DD2DC2F7BFEBC0E E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(10):1544-1551 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.10.1544 Original Article 백내장수술후난시교정용인공수정체를이용한난시교정효과
More information<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한
More information< D BAFBB0A3BCB7B4DCC3FEC3D4BFB5C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120C1A4BBF32C20B3ECB3BBC0E5C0C7C1F52C20C3CAB1E220B3ECB3BBC0E5BFA1BCADC0C720BAAFB
빛간섭단층촬영을이용한정상, 녹내장의증, 초기녹내장에서의변수비교분석 1379 1380 Table 1. Criteria for each subject Enrolled group Criteria All subjects Best corrected visual acuity >0.5 Refractive error
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More information<30382D30342D303828C3D6C1F8BCAE2DBFC0C1A4C0E E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 12 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(12):1867-1873 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.12.1867 Original Article 회절성다초점인공수정체를삽입한백내장수술안의시각및광학결과비교
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information<3030352D30322D313628B1E8C5C2C0D32DB1E8C1F6C7F6292D313633322E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009년 제 50 권 제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(11):1632-1638 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.11.1632 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-11-02-16 양안 다초점인공수정체 삽입과 단초점과 다초점 인공수정체를 각각 삽입한 후의 시력 비교 김지현 이준원 정재림 김응권
More information<31322D31322D313028C7D1BBF3BFB12DC0CCBFECBCAE E687770>
= 증례보고 = 펨토초레이저를이용한백내장수술과고식적백내장수술비교 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(8):1227-1235 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.8.1227 이우석 한상엽 이경헌 성모안과병원
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More information04-JKOS hwp
대한안과학회지 2019 년제 60 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(6):528-533 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2019.60.6.528 Original Article 원시에서굴절교정레이저각막절제술과라식수술의비교
More information(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228
(JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method
More informationhwp
대한안과학회지 2018 년제 59 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(6):589-593 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.6.589 Case Report 인공수정체혼탁으로오인된지연낭폐쇄증후군 1 예 A Case
More information노인정신의학회보14-1호
제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시
More information<30342D31302D313428B1E8B8B8BCF62DC1A4BFB5B1C E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014 년제 55 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(6):817-825 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.6.817 Original Article 양안근시환자의단안백내장수술시만족도및목표굴절력 Target Refraction
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More information(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
More informationÆ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š
Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding
More information<31352D30392D303128C0E5BFB5BCAE2DB1E8C3BBC8AF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(2):264-275 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.2.264 Original Article 스펙트럼영역빛간섭단층촬영을이용한한국인의연령과성별에따른황반부층별두께연구
More information국제저널 36_표지내지모음.indd
K O O K J E J O U R N A L KOOKJE COLLEGE NEWSLETTER http://www.kookje.ac.kr No. 36 / DEC. 2015 CONTENTS https://www.facebook.com/kjhbs/timeline K O O K J E J O U R N A L KOOKJE COLLEGE NEWSLETTER http://www.kookje.ac.kr
More information<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>
J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information< D31312D303228B9DABBF3BFEC2DC0CCC1D8BCBA292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2009 년제 50 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(11):1674-1679 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.11.1674 = 증례보고 = 접수번호 : 50-11-11-02 망막신경섬유층사진과주파수배가시야검사계의녹내장조기진단능력의비교 이준성 1 허환 1 박상우 1 양건진 2 전남대학교의과대학안과학교실
More information<30382D31322D313928C1D6C3B5B1E22DB9DAC0B2B8AE E687770>
= 증례보고 = 두종류의다초점비구면인공수정체삽입후임상결과의비교 대한안과학회지 213 년제 54 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 213;54(8):1199-127 pissn: 378-6471 eissn: 292-9374 http://dx.doi.org/1.3341/jkos.213.54.8.1199 박율리 황규연 주천기 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과및시과학교실
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information<30332D31362D B1E8C0BAC3B62DB1E8B9CEC8A E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 7 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(7):1044-1049 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.7.1044 Original Article 고령에서의백내장수술의안정성 The Safeness
More information<31302D31312D303520B1E8C0BABFB52DB1E8BCF6BFB E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(6):868-874 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.6.868 Original Article 50 세미만성인백내장환자에서연령대별야그레이저후낭절개술의빈도와위험인자
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationⅠ 개요 1 기술개요 1., MRI X-Ray 2.,, - 2 -
광학영상시장 연구개발특구기술글로벌시장동향보고서 2018.3 Ⅰ 개요 1 기술개요 1., MRI X-Ray 2.,, - 2 - (Value-Chain),,,,, - 6 [ 그림 ] 광학영상시장의밸류 - 체인 2 광학영상의활용시장범위 &,, &, - - 3 - -,,,,,,, -, - 4 - Ⅱ 시장동향 2015 9 8,900 12.1%, 2021 17 4,920
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More information<30342D31302D303728B1E8BCF6BFB52DC0AFBFB5BDC429313333392E687770>
= 증례보고 = 50세 미만 성인 백내장 환자에서 야그레이저 후낭절개술의 빈도와 위험인자 대한안과학회지 2013년 제 54 권 제 9 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(9):1339-1344 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.9.1339
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More information<30342D30342D323628B9DAC1BEBCAE2DB9DAC8C E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(6):891-897 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.6.891 Original Article 성숙백내장에서시행된수정체초음파유화술의임상결과
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information<30352D31312D313028C0D3C5C2C7FC2DBCD5C1F6BCBA E687770>
대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(4):562-567 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.4.562 Original Article 시력의질을포함한스마일수술의임상결과보고 Clinical
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More information<30342D31372D B1E8C7F6BDC22DBDC9C0B1BCB E687770>
대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(8):911-915 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.8.911 Original Article 한국인의각막전면, 후면난시축의분포와연령에따른변화
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More information<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770>
2형 오브스캔 각막지형도를 이용한 원추각막과 원추각막의증의 각막형태비교 1599 1600 Figure 1. The map of Orbscan II topography in keratoconus. The parameters including central corneal power, anterior and posterior elevation from BFS and
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,
More informationÆ÷Àå82š
Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More information08김현휘_ok.hwp
(Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel
More informationAnalysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information2014_........pdf
1, 1, 2, 1 (1, 2 ) Jin Suk Suh 1, Jong In Kim 1, Ryeong Jae Park 2, Sang Bum Park 1 (1 Korea Forest Research Institute, 2 Korea Traditional Dye Institute) Introduction (2011-2013), (VOCs)., (7 ),,. Materials
More information04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
More information<30352D31372D C1A4C5C2BFB52DC3D6C0E7C8AF E687770>
대한안과학회지 2018 년제 59 권제 5 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(5):419-427 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.5.419 Original Article 펨토초레이저백내장수술도입초기의단기임상경과및고식적백내장수술과의비교
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More information< D BFA2BDC3B8D3B7B9C0CCC0FA20B1BCC0FDB1B3C1A4BCF6BCFAC0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120B9E9B3BBC0E520BCF6BCFA20C8C420C0DCBFA920B3ADBDC3BFA120C
대한안과학회지 008 년제 9 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 008;9(10):1589-1596 DOI : 10.1/jkos.008.9.10.1589 엑시머레이저굴절교정수술을이용한백내장수술후잔여난시에의한부등시의교정 이경민 김은철 김만수 가톨릭대학교의과대학안과및시과학교실 목적 : 백내장수술후에존재하는난시를교정하는데있어 Photorefractive
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More information<32302D31312D313628C1A4C1F8B1C72DB9DAB4EBC7F6292D E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 4 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(4):614-619 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.4.614 Case Report 호모시스틴뇨증환자에서변형된수정체낭팽창고리공막고정과난시교정인공수정체낭내삽입술
More information상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /
,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More information( ) Jkra076.hwp
Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic
More information좋은 사진 찍는 방법
Based on Photo Zone by Klaus Schroiff (Klaus@photozone.de) Translation & Edit by Jihoon Jason Wang (DS2SJT / jasonw@korea.com) - Prologue.. And.. special thanks to Klaus Jason Jihoon Wang (jasonw@korea.com)
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information