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1 Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 9~17, March, 2011 DOI: /KSAE Hydrologic Safety Evaluation of Small Scale Reservoir by Simplified Assesment Method 이주헌 * 양승만 **, 김성준 *** 강부식 **** Lee, Joo Heon Yang, Seung Man Kim, Seong Joon Kang, Boo Sik ABSTRACT Based on the statistical annual report, there are 17,649 reservoirs are operating for the purpose of agricultural water supply in Korea. 58 % of entire agricultural reservoirs had been constructed before 1948 which indicate the termination of required service life and rest of those reservoirs have also exposed to the dam break risk by extreme flood event caused by current ongoing climate change. To prevent damages from dam failure accident of these risky small size dams, it is necessary to evaluate and manage the structural and hydrological safety of the reservoirs. In this study, a simplified evaluation method for hydrologic safety of dam is suggested by using Rational and Creager formula. Hydrologic safety of small scale dams has evaluated by calculating flood discharge capacity of the spillway and compares the results with design frequency of each reservoir. Applicability and stability of suggested simplified method have examined and reviewd by comparing the results from rainfall-runoff modeling with dam break simulation using HEC-HMS. Application results of developed methodology for three sample reservoirs show that simplified assessment method tends to calculate greater inflow to the reservoirs then HEC-HMS model which lead lowered hydrologic safety of reservoirs. Based on the results of application, it is expected that the developed methodology can be adapted as useful tool for small scale reservoir's hydrologic safety evaluation. Keywords: Dambreak; PMF; hydrologic safety; reservoir I. 서론 * 2008 년도통계연보기준에의하면우리나라에는약 17,649 개의농업용중 소규모저수지가운영되고있으며이중에서비교적규모가큰 3,326개의저수지는한국농어촌공사에서관리하고, 나머지 14,323개는시, 군, 구등의지자체에서관리하고있는실정이다. 특히시, 군, 구에서관리하는저수지의 58 % 인 8,352개의저수지가 1948년이전에축조된저수지로서내구연한이경과한시설로분류되고있다. 내구연한이경과한저수지들은관리및운영상의위험도가크게증가하며, 특히최근의이상기후에의한강우및홍수의대형화로인한집중호우발생시시설물의노후화와토사물의퇴적등으로인 * 중부대학교토목공학과교수 ** 중부대학교대학원토목공학과석사과정 *** 건국대학교사회환경시스템공학과교수 **** 단국대학교토목환경공학과부교수 Corresponding author Tel.: ysm_83@korea.kr 2010 년 10 월 26 일투고 2011 년 2 월 9 일심사완료 2011 년 2 월 9 일게재확정 한효율성과안전성이저하되어저수지의붕괴나월류가발생하여인명피해가일어나거나농작물이잠기는등많은피해의원인이될가능성이매우크다. 이러한피해를방지하기위해내구연한이경과된저수지들의구조적, 수문학적안정성을평가하여체계적으로관리하는방안이시급히필요하지만현재중 소규모저수지들에대한안전성평가및피해예측분석방법이따로마련되어있지않은실정이다. 저수지및제방의안전성평가와관련된기존의선행연구들을살펴보면댐및하천제방에대한위험도의해석기법에관한연구 (Han et al., 1997), 댐의사면안정검사를통한댐의노후도평가 (Jang et al., 1998), 계측시스템에의한저수지제체의안정성평가 (Kim, 2009) 등이있으며, 또한 Kim and Lee (2010) 은가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 을적용하여저수지의여유고및여수토의배제능력을이용하여저수지및제방의수문학적안정성을평가하였다. 앞에서검토된기존의선행연구는대규모댐이나저수지들의현장답사및복잡한수리, 수문학적인해석절차등을통한안전성평가를실시하여평가에많은시간과노력이소요된다는단점이있어전국에분포되어있는 17,649여개의저수지에개별적으로적용하기에는많은제약과어려움이따른다. 9
2 따라서, 본연구에서는전국에산재되어있는중 소규모댐및저수지의수문학적안전성을보다효율적으로평가할수있는간편법을개발하여제시하였다. 본연구에서제시된간편법은댐붕괴모의등과같이복잡했던수문및수리해석기법을단순화하기위하여개념적경험공식을이용함으로써기존의복잡한수리, 수문해석과정을매우단순화하여시간 경제적비용을최소화하였다. 한편개발된간편법의실제적용가능성을검증하기위하여강우-유출모형및댐붕괴모의모형등을이용한결과와비교, 검토하였다. II. 연구방법및이론 1. 연구방법 본연구는 Fig. 1과같이경험공식을활용하여간편법을개발하기위한일련의개발과정과함께간편법의적용성을검증하기위하여강우-유출모의및댐붕괴모의를동시에수행할수있는 HEC-HMS를활용하였다. 빈도별첨두홍수량산정방법으로강우-유출모의에의한첨두홍수량산정방법은 Clark단위도를적용하였고, 간편법을이용한첨두홍수량산정은합리식을적용하였다. 가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 산정은구축된강우-유출모형과가능최대강수량도 (PMP 도 ) 를적용하여산정하였으며, 간편법에서는 Creager 공식을적용하여가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 을산정하였다. 댐의안전성평가는강우-유출모형인 HEC-HMS에서는댐붕괴모의모듈을통하여댐붕괴모의를실시한뒤빈도별홍수량및가능최대홍수량에대한안전성평가를실시하였고간편법을이용한평가방법은저수지여수로가몇년빈도의홍수량에서댐본체로의월류현상없이원활하게소통시킬수 있는가에대하여검토함으로써저수지의설계홍수량을역으로추정하는방법을적용하였다. 2. 연구이론가. 첨두홍수량산정 1) 빈도별첨두홍수량저수지로의빈도별첨두유입홍수량을산정하기위해서 2가지의방법이적용되었다. 첫번째는표본저수지에적용하기위한강우-유출해석방법으로 HEC-HMS모형을구축하여산정하였고, 두번째방법으로는본연구를통하여개발된간편법으로소규모유역의첨두홍수량산정을위한경험공식인합리식을적용하였다. 가 ) 강우-유출모형유역의유출량산정을위한대표적인강우-유출모형인 HEC -HMS는유역의지형학적자료, 강우자료및각종수문자료를통하여빈도별첨두홍수량을산정하게된다. 유출량산정을위한단위도로는 Clark 합성단위도, Snyder 합성단위도, SCS 합성단위도등이있으며, 유역추적, 저수지추적및하도추척의과정을통하여유역출구점에서의홍수량을산정하게된다. 나 ) 합리식합리식은소규모유역의첨두홍수량을산정하기위한경험공식으로강우-유출해석에의한유출량추정이용이치않은경우에유역면적, 유출계수, 강우강도등과같은간단한정보를통하여유역의첨두유출량을추정할수있다. 합리식을이용하여첨두홍수량을산정하기위하여다음식을이용하게된다. (1) 여기서 Q는유출량 (m 3 /sec), C는유출계수, I는강우강도 (mm /hr), A는유역면적 (km 2 ) 이다. 합리식에적용되는유출계수 (C) 는유역의토지이용상태에따라결정하며, 강우강도 (I) 는통합형강우강도식을이용하여산정하였으며, 식은다음과같다. ln ln (2) Fig. 1 Schematic diagram for dam safety analysis 10 한국농공학회논문집제 53 권제 2 호, 2011
3 이주헌양승만김성준강부식 여기서 T는재현기간 ( 년 ), t는강우지속기간 (min) 이고, a, b, c, d, n은지점별로결정되는지역상수이다 (Lee, 2007). 2) 가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 가 ) PMP 및강우-유출모형가능최대홍수량을산정하기위해서는우선가능최대강수량 (PMP) 을산정하여야한다. 가능최대강수량 (PMP) 을산정하는방법에는수문기상학적방법과최대우량포락곡선방법및통계학적방법의세가지가있으나수문기상학적방법이물리적으로가장타당한방법이며, 실무에서주로사용되고있다 (Jung and Yoon, 2009). 수문기상학적방법에는실제호우전이법과가능최대강수량도 (PMP도 ) 를이용하는방법이있으며, 본연구에서는가능최대강수량도 (PMP도 ) 를이용하여가능최대강수량을산정하였는데가능최대강수량도 (PMP도 ) 는이미작성된가능최대강수량도와면적감소곡선의상관관계를이용하여계획유역의가능최대강수량도를추정하고자하는대상유역의위치와유역면적및유역중심을결정하여산정하는방법이다. 산정된가능최대강수량을시간분포시킨후, 구축된강우-유출모형의각변수들에대한조정작업을통하여각소유역별로가능최대홍수량을산정한다. 나 ) Creager 공식 Kang et al. (2004) 에의하면 Creager 공식은유역면적과가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 사이의비선형성을수식화하여제공하는방법으로써주로다목적댐의설계홍수량산정시사용되며대규모에서소규모에이르기까지다양한규모의유역에적용된바가있다. Creager 공식의장점은강우-유출모형에의한유출해석절차없이유역의가능최대강수량을쉽게추정할수있으며, 주로기본계획이나개략공사비산출시간편하게사용할수있어본연구에서의가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 산정의간편법으로채택하였다. Creager식은 SI단위계로다음과같이표시할수있으며, 이를분해하면유역면적 1,500 km 2 이하에서는 1,500 km 2 이상에서는 로대략구성된다. q=0.503c(0.3861a) K (3) 여기서 k는 0.936A 이며, q는단위면적당유량 (m 3 /sec/ km 2 ), C는 Creager 상수, A는유역면적 (km 2 ) 이다. 나. 댐붕괴모의댐붕괴모의를위해서는댐붕괴매개변수 (Dam Breach Parameter) 의산정이선행되어야한다. 댐붕괴매개변수는주로붕괴지속시간 (t f), 붕괴폭 (B), 붕괴측면경사등과같은붕괴부의물리적특성을규정하는것으로서대부분과거의관측자료를통한경험공식에의존하고있다. 댐붕괴매개변수산정을위해서 MacDonald and Monopolis (1984), Froehlich (1987, 1995), Von Thun and Gillette (1990) 등의경험공식을검토하였으며, Houston (1984) 이 Breaching characteristics of dam failures (MacDonald and Monopolis, 1984) 에대해분석한논문을참고하였다. 기존에제시된여러가지의댐붕괴매개변수산정을위한경험공식중에서본연구에서검토한방법은 Table 1과같이 MacDonald & Monopolis, Froehlich 공식및 Von Thun & Gillette 공식이있으며최종적으로 Froehlich 공식을적용하는것으로결정하였다. Table 1 Dam breach parameter estimation methods Methods MacDonald & Monopolis (1984) Froehlich (1995) Von Thun & Gillette (1990) Formula V eorded= (V out h w) (Earthfill) V eorded= (V out h w) (Non-Earthfill) t f= (V eorded) Breach size=f (V eorded) W b= W b=width of the bottom of the breach, h b=height of breach, V eorded=volume of eroded material, C=crest width of dam, Z b =side slope of breach (h:v); 0.5 is suggested by MacDonald B ave=0.1803k 0V w 0.32 h b 0.19 t f= v w 0.53 h b B ave is the average width of the trapezoid in meters, K 0=1.4 for overtopping; 1.0 otherwise, h b is the height of the breach in meters and is assumed to be from the top of the dam to the bottom of the breach, V w is the volume of water behind the dam in cubic meters, t f is the time of formation in hours Resevoir Size, m 3 B avg=2.5h w+c b C b, meters Resevoir Size, acre-feet C b, feet < <1, ~ ,000~5, ~ ,000~10, > >10, t f=0.02h w+0.25 (erosion resistant) t f=0.015h w (easily erodible) B avg is the avg. breach width, h w is the hydraulic depth of water above the breach bottom at the dam, C b is a funtion of reservoir size, t f is the breach formation time in hours Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 53(2),
4 Table 2 Specifications of 3 reservoirs Reservoir River Basin Basin Area (km 2 ) Reservoir Storage (10,000 m 3 ) Dam Height (m) Dam Length (m) Type of Spillway Length of Spillway (m) Chang-Ri WanJang Side Channel 38.7 Joong-Ri MyoBong Side Channel 15.0 Ri-Hyeon DoGok Side Channel 6.7 III. 대상저수지선정및유출모형구축 본연구의대상저수지는안성천수계에포함되어있는창리, 중리, 이현저수지등총 3개의저수지를간편법적용을위한표본저수지로선정하였다. 창리저수지는안성천수계의완장천유역, 중리저수지는묘봉천유역, 이현저수지는도곡천유역에각각위치하고있으며유역내에는강우관측소가전무한관계로 Fig. 2와같이유역외에위치한용인, 진위, 원삼관측소등, 3개강우관측소의강우기록을이용하는것으로결정하였다. 각저수지별해당유역및저수지제원은 Table 2에나타내었으며 Fig. 3은각저수지별유역도를나타낸것이다. IV. 결과의분석 1. 빈도별첨두유입홍수량의산정 Fig. 2 Location of 3 selected sample reservoir and rain gauge stations 강우-유출해석을통한빈도별첨두홍수량을산정하기위해서진위천수계의하천기본계획수립보고서 (Gyeonggi-do, 2006) 에서수립한확률강우량을이용하였다. 강우의시간분포는 Huff 방법을이용하였으며, 지역별설계강우의시간별분포를위해서기분석된수원측후소의무차원누가확률곡선및다중회귀분석에의한회귀식을유도하여적용하였고, 중호우기준으로최빈구간인 2분위를적용하였다. 강우-유출해석및경험공식에의한빈도별첨두홍수량을산정하기위하여도달시간을산정하였으며, 각유역별도달시간은유속의변화량이적고결과값이안정적인 Kirpich 공식을적용하였고강우-유출해석을위해서적용된방법은 Clark 합성단위도를이용하였다. 이와같은방식을적용하여산정한유역별홍수도달시간은 Table 3이고, 유역별, 빈도별첨두홍수량은 Table 4와같다. 2. 가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 의산정 Fig. 3 Basin maps for Wan Jang, Joong Ri and Myo Bong river 강우-유출해석에의한가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 을산정하기위해서는가능최대강수량 (PMP) 이산정되어야하며, 본연구에서는완장천유역에대한가능최대강수량 (PMP) 은기존에제시된전국 PMP 재작성보고서 (MLTM, 2004) 에있는 PMP도를이용하였으며산정된결과는 Table 5와같다. 12 한국농공학회논문집제 53 권제 2 호, 2011
5 이주헌양승만김성준강부식 Table 3 Time of concentration for each subbasin River Name Subbasin Area (km 2 ) Channel Length (km) Wan Jang Myo Bong Do Gok Time of Concentration (min) Kirpich Kerby Kraven (Ⅱ) Rziha Selection min m/s min m/s min m/s min m/s Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Table 4 Results of peak inflow discharge to reservoir Reservoir Frequency (yr) Chang-Ri Joong-Ri Ri-Hyeon Peak Inflow Discharge (CMS) HEC-HMS (Clark Unit hydrograph) Rational Formula Deviation (%) Table 5 Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) Duration 1hr 2hr 4hr 6hr 8hr 12hr 18hr 24hr PMP (mm) Table 6 Results of peak inflow discharge to reservoir (PMF) Peak Inflow Discharge (CMS) Reservoir Deviation (%) HEC-HMS (PMF) Creager Fomula (PMF) Chang-Ri Joong-Ri Ri-Hyeon 한편, 간편법에의한가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 은 Creager 공식에유역정보를대입하여산정하였고 Creager 상수는 100을적용하였다. Table 6는 HEC-HMS 및간편법에의한가능최대홍수량 (PMF) 산정결과를각저수지별유입지점에대해서비교한것으로서빈도별로약간의차이는있지만전체적으로간편법에의한산정결과가 HMS에의한산정결과에비해서다소크게산정되는것으로나타났다. 3. 댐붕괴모의및여수로한계유출량산정가. 댐붕괴매개변수산정댐붕괴모의를위한매개변수산정은 Prediction of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters (Tony, 1998) 을참고하였고, 댐붕괴모의를위한각저수지별매개변수산정은 Froehlich 공식에의한산정결과를이용하였다. 댐붕괴모의산정결과 Table 7과같이창리저수지는댐붕괴에걸리는소요시간이약 25분, 붕괴단면의하부폭은 m Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 53(2),
6 Table 7 Result of dam breach parameter Breach Width Breach Formation time Breach Side slope Reservoir Methods (m) (hrs) (h:v) Chang-Ri Joong-Ri Froehlich Ri-Hyeon 년빈도홍수량에서댐붕괴가발생하는것으로모의되었고중리저수지는 PMF 200년빈도홍수량에서댐붕괴가발생하는것으로모의되었다. 하지만이현저수지의경우는각빈도별홍수량및 PMF일때도댐붕괴가발생하지않는것으로나타났다. 이와같은결과는아마도이현저수지상류의유역면적이지나치게작은이유에서나타난결과라고판단된다. Fig. 4는 HEC-HMS 모형을이용하여각저수지별댐붕괴모의시댐붕괴가발생하였을때의첨두홍수량을나타낸것이다. 댐붕괴시에첨두홍수량발생은창리저수지는가능최대강수량 (PMP) 의지속시간이 2 hr일때최대인 cms의홍수량이발생하였고, 중리저수지는가능최대강수량 (PMP) 의지속시간이 1 hr일때최대인 cms의홍수량이발생되었다. (a) Chang Ri 다. 간편법에의한한계유출량산정간편법에의한저수지의월류를유발하는여수로한계유출모의는위어공식을통하여산정하였다. Q=C L H 3/2 (4) (b) Joong Ri Fig. 4 Results of dam break simulation using HEC-HMS 이고, 중리저수지는댐붕괴에걸리는소요시간이약 13분, 붕괴단면의하부폭은월류일땐 m, 이현저수지는댐붕괴에걸리는소요시간이 9분, 붕괴단면의하부폭은월류일땐 9.05 m, 파이핑일땐 6.47 m로각각산정되었다. 나. 댐붕괴모의결과 Simmler and Samet (1982), Jo (2009), Han (2009) 및 Hong (2009) 등은댐붕괴모의를위하여 HEC-HMS 모형을국내외의댐유역에적용하여적용성에대한검증을시도한바있다. 본연구의댐붕괴모의를위해서빈도별및지속시간별강우량과가능최대강수량 (PMP) 를이용하여 3개의대상저수지에대한댐붕괴모의를수행한결과, 창리저수지는 100 여기서 Q는방류량 (m 3 /sec), C는유량계수, L은여수로의폭 (m), 최대월류수심 (m) 이다. 위의위어공식을이용하여각저수지의여수로제원에따른홍수소통능력을산정결과. 창리저수지의최대허용방류량은 69.5 m 3 /sec, 중리저수지는 44.1 m 3 /sec, 이현저수지는 25.9 m 3 /sec 로각각산정되었다. 간편법을이용한여수로한계유출모의는합리식을이용한첨두홍수량과 Creager 공식으로산정한가능최대홍수량을여수로의홍수소통능력과비교함으로써여수로의홍수소통능력을초과하는홍수량이발생하였을경우를댐붕괴로정의하여분석을실시하였다. Fig. 5는각저수지별여수로의홍수소통능력과첨두홍수량및가능최대홍수량을나타낸것이다. 간편법에의한여수로의한계유출모의결과, 창리저수지의홍수소통능력은 년빈도사이에서댐월류를유발하는것으로분석되었고, 중리저수지는 년빈도사이, 이현저수지는 200년빈도 PMF사이에서댐월류를유발하는것으로나타났다. 4. 저수지의수문학적안전성평가저수지들의준공년도에따른설계빈도의차이로인해평가기준이따로마련되어있지않음을판단하여본연구에서는저수지의수문학적안전성평가를위해빈도별유입홍수량과 PMF에따른안전도기준으로서 Table 8과같이저수지의홍 14 한국농공학회논문집제 53 권제 2 호, 2011
7 이주헌양승만김성준강부식 (a) Chang-Ri Table 8 Hydrologic safety evaluation for 3 reservoirs Safety Rating Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Estimated Frequency of Spillway PMF PMF-200yr 200yr-100yr Less than 100yr Hydrological Safety Very safe Safe Relatively safe Dangerous Changli Joongli Rihyeon HMS Simplified Method HMS Simplified Method HMS Simplified Method (b) Joong-Ri 우안전, (Ⅱ) 등급은 200년빈도이상의홍수량을안전하게하류로방류할수있는경우로 안전, (Ⅲ) 등급은 100년빈도이상의홍수량에서월류를유발하지않는경우로 다소불안전, 그리고 100년빈도이하의홍수에서도월류현상이나타나는경우 (Ⅳ) 등급인 매우불안전, 이렇게 4가지의등급으로구분하여본연구에서댐붕괴모의를수행한 3군데의저수지에적용하였다. 창리저수지의 HEC-HMS 모형에의한댐붕괴모의결과의경우에는 (Ⅲ) 등급인 200~100년빈도의사이의홍수량에대하여안전한것으로나타났고, 간편법에의한한계유출모의결과역시 (Ⅲ) 등급인 200~100년빈도의사이의홍수량에대하여안전한것으로나타나창리저수지의수문학적안전도는 다소불안전 하다는것으로평가되었다. 중리저수지의수문학적안전도의경우댐붕괴모의결과는 (Ⅱ) 등급인 안전 하다는것으로평가되었고, 간편법에의한한계유출모의결과는 (Ⅲ) 등급인 다소불안전 하다고평가되었다. 이현저수지의수문학적안전도는 HEC-HMS에의한댐붕괴모의결과의경우에는 (Ⅰ) 등급인 PMF에대하여 매우안전 으로평가되었고, 간편법에의한한계유출모의결과는 (Ⅱ) 등급인 안전 으로평가되었다. (c) Ri-Hyeon Fig. 5 Outflow discharge capacity of spillway for 3 reservoirs 수소통이가능한빈도별홍수량과가능최대홍수량을기준으로하여수문학적안정성평가기준을제시하였다. 평가기준은다음과같이나뉘는데 PMF의홍수에도월류를유발하지않고안전하게홍수류를하류로방류할수있는저류능력을보유하고있는저수지를 (Ⅰ) 등급으로분류하여 매 V. 결론 본연구에서는국내에산재되어있는농업용저수지의수문학적안정성을평가하기위한간편법을개발하여제시하였으며, 제시된간편법의적용가능성을검증하기위하여강우-유출모형인 HEC-HMS를활용하여빈도별홍수량, PMF 등을산정한후, 댐붕괴모의를수행하여본연구에서제시한간편법에의한결과와비교, 분석하여간편법의적용성가능여부를판단 Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 53(2),
8 하였고다음과같은결론을얻었다. 1. 저수지로의빈도별첨두유입량산정을위한합리식의적용과가능최대홍수량산정을위한 Creager 공식의적용결과, 강우-유출해석에의한방법과매우유사한결과를나타내었으며특히 Creager 공식의경우에는매우간단한경험공식을활용하여가능최대홍수량을산정할수있다는점에서그적용성이입증되었다. 2. 표본저수지 3개에대한댐붕괴모의결과, 창리및중리저수지는 200년빈도이상의홍수가발생하는경우에댐붕괴가일어나는것으로나타났으며, 유역면적이매우작은이현저수지의경우에는 PMF에서도붕괴가발생하지않는것으로나타났다. 보다많은저수지를대상으로분석할필요가있지만, 우리나라중 소규모저수지의경우에는대부분 200년빈도이상의홍수에대해서는수문학적으로안전하지않을것으로예상된다. 3. 수문학적안전성평가결과창리저수지의안전도는 HMS 모의와간편법으로모의한결과가같은 (Ⅲ) 등급으로평가되었지만중리 이현저수지의경우에는 HMS로모의한결과보다간편법으로모의한안전성평가가한등급낮게평가되었는데안전율을고려하여만들어진경험공식인합리식과 Creager 공식을통하여산정되었기때문이라고판단된다. 4. 간편법을통한소규모저수지의수문학적안전성평가를한결과 HEC-HMS에의한결과와거의일치하고특히빈도별홍수량산정결과및 PMF 산정결과의경우에는그편차가적은것으로나타나본연구에서제시된간편법을활용하여효율적으로중 소규모저수지의수문학적안전성을평가할수있을것으로기대된다. 하지만간편법의적용은현재안성천수계의 3개의표본저수지를적용하여수문학적안전성을평가한것이므로타저수지에적용할때에는주의를요하며추후다른수계및저수지의제원의특성에대하여파악하고수문학적안전성평가에대한지속적인연구가수행되어야할것으로판단된다. 본연구는소방방재청자연재해저감기술개발사업 [NEMA -09-NH-05] 연구비지원으로한국농어촌공사와공동으로수행되었으며세심한지원에감사드립니다. REFERENCES 1. Froehlich, D. C., Embankment-dam breach parameters. Proceedings of the 1987 ASCE National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering Froehlich, D. C., Embankment-dam breach parameters revisited. International Conference Proceeding on Water Resources Engineering Gyeonggi-Do, Master plan for Jinwi river development and management (in Korean). 4. Han, K. Y., J. S. Lee, and S. H. Kim, Risk assessment model for safety analysis of dam and levee. Journal of KSCE (in Korean). 5. Han, S. B., A study on the hydrologic modeling for dam failure simulation. Master of Science South Korea: Joongbu University (in Korean). 6. Hong. S. J., Dam break analysis with HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS. Master of Science South Korea: Inha University (in Korean). 7. Houston, M., Discussion of Breaching characteristics of dam failures by T. C. Macdonald and J. Langridge-Monopolis. Journal of Hydraulics Engineering 111(7): Jang, B. W., Y. G. Park, and W. C. Woo, Evaluation of and safety of small agricultural reservoir, Journal of KSAE 40(1): (in Korean). 9. Jo, D. J., Hydrologic evaluation for dam breach parameter using rainfall-runoff model. Master of Science South Korea: Joongbu University (in Korean). 10. Jung, J. H., and Y. N. Yoon, Manual for hydrologic design, Seoul: Goomibook. 11. Kang, B. S., K. S. Kim, I. H. Ko, and W. H. Lee, Estimation of design flood for ungaged watershed using creager curve. KSCE Annual Conference (in Korean). 12. Kim, S. W., Hydrologic safety analysis of agricultural reservoir by PMF. Transactions of the KSAE 52(2): (in Korean). 13. Kim, M. H., and D. W. Lee, Safety evaluations of reservoir embankment by instrument system. KSAE Annual Conference (in Korean). 14. Lee, J. S., Hydrology, Seoul: Goomibook. 15. MacDonald, T. C., and J. L. Monopolis, Breaching characteristics of dam failures, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 110(5): Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), PMP development for Korea (in Korean). 17. Park, S. H. and Y. I Mun, A study on flood 16 한국농공학회논문집제 53 권제 2 호, 2011
9 이주헌양승만김성준강부식 discharge capacity and hydraulic characteristic of labyrinth weir as a side-channel spillway, Journal of KWRA 41(1): (in Korean). 18. Simmler, H., and L. Samet, Dam failure from overtopping studied on a hydraulic model. In Fourteenth International Congress on Large Dams Tony, L. W., Prediction of embankment dam breach parameters, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Dam Safety Office. 20. Von Thun, J. L., and D. R. Gillette, Guidance on breach parameters. Internal Memorandum, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 53(2),
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