쎄듀-Sense UP 독해모의고사 (정답해설)

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2 18 (During this period ~ to complete my memoirs.) Now that I have completed my term as president / and shall no longer be engaged / in the business of government, // I look forward to enjoying the pleasures [that remain to me]. now that (= since) term[t ; m] be engaged in look forward to v-ing be determined to-v set[give] an example consequence[k nsikwéns] conduct[k nd<kt] recklessness[rèklisnis] commencement [k mènsm nt] achievement[ t í;vm nt] 19 ~; we enjoy reading books [that are ours] much more than books [(that) we borrow]. 2 1 A good reason for marking passages / in your books is that it helps O you OC to remember those significant parts and OC to find them more quickly / when you need to. that is that help+o+oc(tov) to and to to find available[ vèil bl] formal[f ; mâl] etiquette [ètikét] casualness[k,uâlnis] cf. casual A, not B place a book face down significant[signífik nt] 20 Part of ~ be said. presume that state[steit] sensitive[sèns tiv] plain[plein] in the hope that[of] keep v-ing turn down commercial [k má; Âl] break[breik] indirect[ìndirèkt] costly[k ;stli] secondhand[sék ndh nd] 21 2 ense Up

3 The bill is worth U $620, which makes O it OC very attractive to drug gangs and other criminals // because it lets them carry around large amounts of cash. O OC which gang[gæ\] rob A of B exchange rate 22 (duality) [n][b][i] bin nib In speech production, there is the physical level at which we produce individual sounds, like [n], [b] and [i]. (= In speech production, there is a physical level. We produce individual sounds, like [n], [b] and [i] at the physical level.) operate[ pâréit] simultaneously [sàimâltèini sli] production[pr d=k Ân] cf. produce[pr dδù;s] individual[ìndivíd,u l] in itself combine [k mbáin] cf. combination[k mbinèi Ân] distinct[distí\applet] cf. distinctive duality[dδu; l ti] economical[ì;k n mikâl] feature[fí;t ] be capable of 23 orchid[ ; kid] botanic[b t nik] hybrid[háibrid] on display Mandarin[m nd rin] register[rèd, st ] cf. registration[réd, strèi Ân] prior to first-come-first-served duration[dδuârèi Ân] admission[ædmí Ân] 24 Wilson IT explore[ikspl ; ] innovation[ìno vèi Ân] feature [fí;t ] artificial intelligence holography[h l gr fi] admission[ædmí Ân] available[ vèil bâl] advance reservation 25 FIFA FIFA As France was (both host ~ competition) in 1998, / (C ) Germany was both host [of the World Cup] and the eventual C winner [of the competition] in As C 3

4 C both A and B A B Unfortunately, 2010 was the first year / in the entire period [to see O a host nation, / outh Africa, / OC fail to reach the second round]. see+o+oc O OC O OC OC v v-ing p.p. performance[p f ; m ns] cf. perform[p f ; m] host nation cf. co-host runner-up chart[t ; t] period [píâri d] end up v-ing win the championship cf. championship[t mpi n ìp] make it eventual[ivènt u l] 26 serve as headquarters[hèdkw ; t z] in the event of devastating[dèv stéiti\] fuel[fjù; l] cf. refuel[ri;fjù; l] airborne[ b ; n] cf. in midair aircraft[ kr ft] on occasion(s) smash[smæ ] windshield [wínd ì;ld] 27 others marathons others draw drawing a large number of so that fewrunners alike young and old alike ~, but there are plenty of others(= marathons) [held in other cities and even in small towns], / drawing many thousands of participants. keep fit a way of life regularly[règjul li] work out weight training run on a treadmill cross-training marathon[m r ^ n] organizer[ ; g nàiz ] participate[p ; tísipéit] cf. participant[p ; tísip nt] draw[dr ;] (drew-drawn) aim to-v wheelchair[ wí;lt ] 28 (A) emit absorb absorbs (B) add to detract from adds to (C) drop rise rise (A) (B) (C) This causes a rise [in sea levels] [that threatens to drown low-lying countries such as the Maldives]. trend[trend] remainder[rimèind ] carbon dioxide (CO ) trap[træp] evaporation[iv p rèi Ân] water vapor cause A to-v release[rilí;s] massive[m siv] sea level threaten to-v drown[draun] low-lying 29 Edward ~, was playing music loud enough to shake the walls and windows. enough to-v v v After that, / Edward went back to his apartment / feeling proud of himself / because he had taken a firm stand 4 ense Up

5 and (he had) let O the newcomer OC know that loud music was not going to be tolerated. know pounding[páundi\] drive A crazy tenant[tèn nt] turn down embarrassed[imb r st] take a firm stand tolerate[t lâréit] thump[^<mp] 30 awaken[ wèikân] Yet much ~. They can lend an air of authority to our opinions, and (they) make what we say sound like common sense. and make+o+oc OC sound We tell someone [who is undecided] He who hesitates 1 1 IO1 DO1 is lost, and (we tell) Look before you leap to someone [who (we think) is acting too boldly]. and tell A B tell B to A we think proverb[pr v ; b] cf. proverbial[pr vá; bi l] enduring [indδùâri\] belief[bilí;f] distinctive [distí\appletiv] air of authority[ ^ ;r ti] common sense hesitate[hèzitéit] leap[li;p] boldly [bóuldli] absence[ bsâns] fond[f nd] spoil [sp il] broth[br (;)^] universal[jú;nivá; sâl] permanent[pá; m n nt] beneficial[bén fí Âl] contradictory[k ntr díktâri] O2 owhen feels ignored. O1 2 O2 OC2 And when he speaks to her, // he can get the impression that she is overacting [with all her noises], and (that she is) only pretending to listen. tend to-v get the impression (that) overact[òuv r kt] indicate[índikéit] 32 bigwig The more ~ people s heads. bigwig bigwig bigwig bigwig This is (the case/situation) where we got the word bigwig, / which is an expression [that makes fun of people [who think they re important]]. where the case the situation whichthatwho take a bath unwashed[>nw t] stink[stí\k] louse[laus] cf. lice[lais] wig[wig] fashionable [f Ân bâl] increasingly[inkrí;si\li] costly [k ;stli] 33 possession ownership Consequently Thus For instance 5

6 Possession is nine-tenths of the law is a saying C [that suggests that just having a thing [in your possession] is almost C the same as legally owning it]. suggest that is the same as ~, it gives people the idea that if they just hold onto a IO DO thing, / it will be hard for the real owner to get it back, / which will make the thing theirs. the idea that that if + which if back Just imagine // how hard it would be to get your piano O back from somebody [who has been looking after it for you / for ten years]. how imagine have been v-ing for ten years possession[p zè Ân] cf. possess[p zès] suggest (that) legally[lí;gâli] cf. legal[lígâl] own[oun] cf. owner[óun ] ownership[óun ìp] hold onto imagine[im d,in] look after term[t ; m] confused[k nfjù;zd] definitely[dèf nitli] 34 (If there was ever ~ and I would disappear.) he followed me / all the way to the parking lot [behind the supermarket], // where our beat-up old family car was parked / with laundry hanging out the windows. where the parking lot with v- p.p. laundry If there was ever a time [when I wished the earth would open up and swallow me whole], it was when I got in the car and ~. = a time ~ whole C I wished when a time when it was catch up with all the way beat-up swallow[sw lou] look[luk] irritated[ir téitid] aggressive[ grèsiv] embarrassed[imb r st] 35 Those [whose anger had increased] / were far more likely to smoke, drink heavily, do little physical exercise, and be obese. ThoseThose far more likely be likely to smokedrinkdobe The study suggests / that those of us [who remain angry] / will suffer poorer health / and die sooner than our less angry peers. suggests that those of us will suffer (will) die let go of hostile[h st l: -tail] cf. hostility[h stíl ti] either A or B worsen[wá; sân] obese[o bí;s] peer[pi ] be subject to prejudice [prèd, dis] 36 6 ense Up

7 To stay productive at work, how you are compensated, or paid, for your work should be closely tied to what motivates you. To stay how what to motivate[móut véit] cf. motivation[mòut vèi Ân] politician[p lití Ân] chase after profit[pr fit] selfless[sèlflis] virtuous[vá; t u s] ideal[aidí;âl] boredom[b ; d m] frustration[fr<strèi Ân] idleness[áidlnis] productive[pr d=ktiv] compensate[k mp nséit] encourage [enká;rid,] likewise[láikwàiz] productivity[pròud<ktív ti] slide[slaid] 37 As he lay there, / still frightened by the dream, / he recalled those spears [with the oddly placed holes] and suddenly 1 realized: ~. 2 O1 still frightened by the dream frustrating[fr=streiti\] invent[invènt] cf. invention[invèn Ân] sewing machine lie[lai] frighten[fráitn] recall[rik ;l] spear[spi ] oddly[ dli] needle[ní;dl] turn A into B savage[s vid,] surround[s ráund] eye-shaped tip[tip] capture [k pt ] murder[má; d ] desperately[dèspâr tli] produce[pr dδù;s] 38 You could have saved yourself three dollars. You could have told me that the older girl is six; ~. could have p.p. ~. But Marianne and Kate would have known it wasn t the truth. would have p.p. (if I had done so) admission[ædmí Ân] for free make sure (that) set an example 39 quality of life rainy days life s riches 7

8 ome people feel // that it s very important to save everything, and to get the very last drop of value out of even those things [that cost very little, such as soap]. Only then do they think (that) it s okay to open a fresh bar. Only then affect[ fèkt] quality of life a bar of soap cf. bar[b ; ] constantly [k nstântli] abundance[ b=nd ns] creamy[krí;mi] toss A out 40 A person s right ~ with age. then the decision ~ anybody s age. ~, so judging people unfairly / on the basis of their age is just as wrong as doing it / on the basis of nationality, gender, or race. as as... A person s right [to fair treatment and equal employment opportunity] does not lessen with age. It may indeed be true / that an older worker has, say, O less strength / than a younger worker. It may be true that say If less strength makes the older one less fit for the O OC particular job, / then the decision [not to employ that worker] should be based on the younger worker s greater suitability 1 and (should) not (be based) on anybody s age. 2 the elderly the youngindication[ìndikèi Ân] unfairly[>nfè li] on the basis of nationality[n Ân l ti] gender[d,ènd ] potential [po tèn Âl] employee[impl ii;] cf. employment employ merit[mèrit] universal [jú;nivá; sâl] principle[príns pl] equality[i(;)kw l ti] fair treatment lessen[lèsn] be based on suitability[sùt bíl ti] evaluate[iv ljuéit] on the grounds of truthful[trù;^fl] qualified[kw l fàid] confident [k nfidânt] putting your mind ~ what happens tep up to success You can take charge of your circumstances and O what happens in your life // when you stop searching for targets [to 1 blame] / and start focusing on how you can remedy the problem. 2 8 ense Up

9 ~: putting your mind and talents to work / to make O you OC more successful / no matter what happens. = whatever: ~ put A to work A to make to let down it is tempting to-v point the finger at nightmare[náitm ] get into the habit of v-ing go wrong outcome[áutk>m] take charge of circumstance [sá; k mst ns] target[t ; git] focus on efficient[ifí Ânt] get around unexpected[>nikspèktid] delay[dilèi] put[set] A to work deal with step up stepping-stone remedy[rèm di] err[ ; ] divine[diváin] skeleton[skèl tn] the Minister of War Trembling with fear, / believing these few moments to be his last, / he went and opened it. he ~ If the dawn had not brought this news, I would be the one in a coffin tonight! If had p.p.... If With such a threat hanging over my head, I shall be too nervous to make even ten shoes! With v-ing v v such a threat hang too to-v v dynasty[dáin sti] blacksmith[bl ksmì^] smith summon A to B minister[mínist ] set A to-v declare war comfort[k=mf t] cheerful[t í fl] cost A B tremendous[tr mènd s] tremble with haste[heist] nail[neil] coffin[k ;fin] shut[close] A tight swiftly[swíftli] cut A short his[her, your] Majesty threat[^ret] hang over one s head cold-hearted unmoved[>nmù;vd] dismiss[dismís] 9

10 18 We are ~ unsatisfactory. The more information you can provide, the faster we can fix the problem. the the inspect[inspèkt] overlook[òuv lùk] shipping[ ípi\] catalogue[k tâl ;g] place an order original[ ríd, nâl] container[k ntèin ] enclose[enklóuz] in detail 19 a deep capacity for empathy, a special ability to empathize with kids to my mind somewhat[s=m w t] plain[plein] out of the question charm[t ; m] rule out mean-spirited purely[pjù li] desirable[dizáiâr bl] quality[kw l ti] essential[isèn Âl] capacity (for) empathy[èmp ^i] cf. empathize (with) tune in to need[ni;d] 20 but that s what give and receive o you re too busy or too lazy to add a personal touch to gifts. too to-v v ~, but that s what makes a personalized gift so O rewarding / to give and receive. OC what makes why that s why a personalized gift is so rewarding to give and receive. People are always touched by it, which 1 increases O1 the value of the gift and 2 makes O2 it OC2 worth keeping. = the gift which personal[pá; sânâl] touch[t<t ] who cares? recipient[risípi nt] make fun of clumsy[kl=mzi] time-consuming all that inspiration[ìnsp rèi Ân] off-the-shelf rewarding[riw ; di\] worth v-ing 21 No evidence mere fiction. 10 ense Up

11 The legend of Atlantis may have been created by Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher. may have p.p. Plato ~, he wrote about this magnificent city, / which was home to a great civilization, but which sank into the sea / after a series of violent earthquakes. which but this magnificent city Atlantis philosopher[fil s f ] sink(-sank-sunk) into violent[vái l nt] exist[igzíst] cf. existence[igzístâns] regard A as B mere[mi ] moral[m (;)râl] ideal[aidí;âl] theme[^i;m] rethink[ri;^í\k] legacy[lèg si] make A up 22 Life, so they seem to feel, would hardly be worth living at all without their friends. o they seem to feel life would hardly be worth living at all without their friends.life hardly ~ at all Being part of a group of friends gives teenagers a IO sense [of security and belonging] and a feeling that they are DO1 DO2 understood and accepted. OO a sense a feeling that This intense need [for being part of a group and being constantly involved with one s friends] lessens / as we grow older / but (it) is the defining characteristic [of being a teen]. C but This intense need for and take A for granted vital[váitâl] intense[intèns] constantly[k nstântli] be involved with lessen[lèsân] define[difáin] priority[prai (;)r ti] Our university is committed to hiring and developing staff [who desire to work in a high performing culture [that encourages the outstanding work of our faculty and students]]. hiring developing be committed to v-ing staff[stæf] outstanding[àutst ndi\] faculty[f kâlti] regular[règj l ] temporary[tèmp réri] department[dip ; tm nt] ongoing[ ngòui\] maintain[meintèin] submit[s bmít] cover letter resume[rèzumei] attachment[ t t m nt] 24 Greentree 11

12 Unsafe behaviors may result in expulsion from the O1 park, serious or fatal injury. result in expulsion ~ park serious ~ injury commemorate[k mèm réit] historic [hist (;)rik] cf. historical[hist (;)rikâl] suspension bridge observe[ bzá; v] expulsion [iksp=l Ân] fatal[fèitl] designated[dèzignéitid] trail[treil] walkway[w ;kwéi] slippery[slíp ri] supervise [sù;p vàiz] retrieve[ritrí;v] notify[nóut fài] intentionally[intèn nâli] railing[rèili\] device[diváis] 25 baby carriage stroller define[difáin] cf. definition[déf ní Ân] possession[p zè Ân] a six-figure annual income cf. annual income illustrate[íl stréit] respondent[risp nd nt] according to minority[main ;r ti] 26 O2 Thirty years later, with the Civil War raging, / she established ~ at the front line, which earned her the nickname The Angel of the Battlefield. with the Civil War rage raging which Upon returning home, ~ until 1904, when she retired at the age of eighty-three. upon immediately after Immediately after she returned home when founder[fáund ] cf. found establish [ist bli ]seriously[síâri sli] injured[índ, d] rage[reid,] agency [èid,ânsi] the wounded battlefield[b tlfì;ld] appoint A (as) B sail to retire[ritái ] 27 (A) <keep v-ing v (B) making takes (C) does takes sort through selection[silèk Ân] save on manufacture[m njuf kt ] raw material 28 increasedintensified N 12 ense Up

13 follow The free service allows you to post 140-character messages, or tweets, to a continuously updated page, // and other users can choose to follow you / to have O your tweets OC sent directly to them. post A to B A B to post 140-character messagestweets have O OC OC sent gain in popularity enormously[in ; m sli] allow A to-v post[poust] character[k rikt ] continuously[k ntínju sli] diminish[dimíni ] cope with volume of what for? spread[spred] 29 a young man the old man pull away jump up backwards[b kw dz] innocent[ín snt] compartment [k mp ; tm nt] immediately[imí;di tli] O2 1 1 O1 OC1 he should have been devoting everything to A fighting the cancer, // he said. B should have p.p. devote A to B B A Painting a vivid picture of his mother s dying struggle helped Obama to win much support, / and he eventually 1 O1 OC1 2 turned his health care reform bill into law. andhelp A to-vturn A into B of turn A into B A B A B be renowned as[for] campaign for[against] health care reform [ri;f ; m] cancer[k ns ] move A to-v insurance[in ùâr ns] bill[bil] eventually[ivènt u li] bring about intuition[ìntδuí Ân] will[wil] simplicity[simplís ti] 31 No event in history nothing ever stays the same the constancy of change itself pay attention to uncomplicated[<nk mplikéitid] simple common sense the same as differ[díf ] in a ~ regard essential[isèn Âl] precedent[prèsidânt] permanent[pá; m n nt] constancy[k nst nsi] repeat oneself advantage[ dv ntid,] victor[víkt ] perfectly[p fèktli]

14 the higher a year ~, and you have to identify very quickly whether or not the word relates to your partner. whether or not or not ~ : the higher the number of bad words [(that) you associate with your partner], the higher the likelihood that you ll break up within a year. the the... the likelihood that association[ sòusièi Ân] cf. associate A with B work on automatic[ ;t m tik] reveal[riví;l] persistent[p ; sístânt] flash[flæ ] identify[aidèntifài] relate to category[k t g ;ri] personal trait consistent[k nsístânt] likelihood[láiklihúd] break up (with) unspoken[>nspóukân] intention[intèn Ân] solid evidence[proof] cheat[t i;t] confirm[k nfá; m] long-term 33 Yet, However In other words A lot of people [who visit zoos] think that everything O [the animals do] from the monkey [throwing its poo] to the the tiger [walking back and forth in front of them] is nothing but C a friendly and welcoming performance. that think from A to B A B ~, zoo animals are ~ dying from the boredom of being well fed, well housed, and well protected from natural enemies. zoo animals feed, house, protect back and forth nothing but onlywelcoming [wèlk mi\] interpretation[intë; pr tèi Ân] caged[keid,d] far from survival[s váivâl] relative[rèl tiv] threaten[^rètn] boredom [b ; d m] feed[fi;d] fed-fed house[hauz] natural enemy 34 (shocking and urgent) And there indeed she was: Miss Morgan [flat on her back on the floor, out for the count]. There Here There[Here] pure[pju ] draw in a breath of air for a moment in mid-air thump[^<mp] fall down sensational[sensèi nâl] at once get[have, take] a good look flat on one s back festive[fèstiv] solemn[s l m] monotonous[m n tân s] ense Up

15 phenomenon[fin min n] phenomena occasional [ kèi, nâl] mass[mæs] emigration [émigrèi Ân] gray squirrel cf. squirrel[skwí;râl] excessive[iksèsiv] build-up hunger[h=\g ] estimate[èstiméit] migrate[máigreit] amuse[ mjù;z] devour[diváu ] manage to-v mighty[máiti] noticeable[nóutis bâl] 36 texture[tèkst ] move around stick[stik] take apart exploration [ékspl rèi Ân] instinctive[instí\appletiv] linguistic [li\gwístik] competence[k mp tâns] soak up stress-free cf. -free 37 the deadly poison he is confident that it s the ants [(that) the frogs eat] that produce O the poison. It is that...the ants the frogs eat poisonous[p izân s] cf. poison actually[ kt u li] deadly[dèdli] disable[disèibl] research[risá; t ] confident that harmless[h ; mlis] mature[m tδù ] coat[kout] reveal[riví;l] species[spí; i(;)z] including[inklù;di\] highly[háili] toxic[t ksik] substance[s=bstâns] make up diet[dái t] 38 The argument Chinese Room Argument that The result o that Then come instructions, / written in your language, / for relating one piece of Chinese to another. argument[ ; gj m nt] formulate[f ; mj léit] influential[ìnfluèn l] philosophy[fil s fi] demonstrate [dèm nstréit] intelligence[intèl d,âns] instruction [instr=k Ân] writing[ráiti\] 39 15

16 In fact, it was so hard to refine aluminum in those days that it was used only for jewelry. (= In fact, to refine aluminum in those days was so hard that it was used only for jewelry.) it to so that... They made it possible / because they transfer heat much faster than iron pots, / thus reducing the time [it takes for food to cook]. thus produce[pr dδù;s] cf. production mass-produced [m spr dδù;st] pure[pju ] valuable[v lju; bl] refine[rifáin] jewelry [d,ù; lri] come to-v incredible [inkrèd bâl] range[reind,] practical[pr ktikâl] pot[p t] transfer[trænsfá; ] iron[ái n] reduce[ridδù;s] 40 vulnerable give up Typical of this natural pattern is the behavior of C wolves in combat. Instead of ripping open the neck, as he had seemed so intent on doing just moments before, the stronger wolf stops fighting, understanding that he has won. O doingripping open the neck understanding ~ vulnerable[v=lnâr bl] recognize[rèk gnàiz] presentation[prézântèi Ân] switch off typical[típikâl] behavior[bihèivj ] combat[k mbæt] rip A open (be) intent on opponent[ póun nt] compromise[k mpr màiz] vital[váitl] surrender[s rènd ] rosepotential He cared for it faithfully, watering it and waiting for the day [that it would flower]. One of the greatest gifts [you can have] is to be able C to reach past the thorns and (to) find the rose / within others. care for faithfully[fèi^f li] cf. faithful[fèi^f l] bud[b<d] blossom[bl s m] flower,bloomthorn[^ ; n] depressed[diprèst] neglect[niglèkt] pure[pju ] innocent[ín snt]amidst[ mídst] defect[difèkt] failing[fèili\] gracious[grèi s] characteristic [k rikt rístik] nobility[no bíl ti] conquer [k \k ] ambition[æmbí Ân] potential [po tèn Âl] mission[mí Ân] ense Up

17 her legs her ears and tail her ears and tail her ears and tail her ears and tail her legs her ears and tail ears! ~ If only the rest of me could be as cute as my tail and my ~; I wish I didn t have them at all! If only I wish If only At that moment, / suddenly came the sound of hunters and barking dogs. ~ and the dogs had her by her tail! by e.g. I caught her by the shoulder. It was they that caused her to be caught in this terrible trap. O OC It was[is] that...they What a pretty pair of soft white ears you have! How cute they look when you style them like that! ~ whathow spring[spri\] for quite some time frown[fraun] unshapely[>n èipli] ugly-lookingon earth pick up scent[sent] thorny[^ ; ni] cf. thorn[^ ; n] crawl[kr ;l] fluffy[fl=fi] trap[træp] say[talk] to oneself highlight[háilàit] delicate[dèlik t] envy[ènvi] asset[ set] catch sight of he was so pleased with what she saw that she stayed for quite some time, / putting her ears up and down, and shaking her tail left and right. so that... he 17

18 18 booklet[bùklit] occasion[ kèi,ân] beloved [bil=vid] condolence[k ndóul ns] 19 (Instead of ~ viewpoint) ~, you see your two-year-old [at the sink] O splashing water all over the floor. OC see watchfeelhear O OC OC v annoying[ n ii\] maliciously[m lí sli] miserable[mízâr bâl] mess[mes] splash [splæ ] sink into mindset [máinîsét] inconvenience[ìnk nví;nj ns] convenienceviewpoint[vjù;p int] point of viewdevelopmentally [divél pmènt li] appropriate[ próupriéit] go on to get out of strain [strein] along with 20 (Our lives ~ baggage behind.) While (she was) traveling abroad, my friend Ellen was upset to discover that the airline had lost her baggage. be that I never would have believed / I could have gotten by with such a tiny amount of stuff, she said afterwards. If the airline hadn t lost my baggage get by with such a/an abroad[ br ;d] baggage[b gid,] luggageget by afterwards[ ft w dz] apply to what is called drag[dræg] expand[iksp nd] throughout[^ru;áut] journey[d,á; ni] weigh down responsibility[risp ns bíl ti] leave A behind 21 U U T U 18 ense Up

19 U U U commute[k mjù;t] irrational[ir nâl] exaggerative[igz d, réitiv] masterminding [m st màindi\] illogical[il d,ikâl] 22 ~, and told Morton about the time (when) he had become unconscious after accidentally inhaling ether. the time when (told) (had p.p.) surgery[sá; d,âri] put A into a trance exist[igzíst] geologist[d,ì; l d,ist] chemist[kèmist] regularly[règjul li] particularly[p tíkjul li] accidentally[ ksidènt li] experiment[ikspèrim nt] unconscious[>nk n Âs] inhale[inhèil] exhale[ekshèil]blackout[bl kàut] account[ káunt] 23 ~ he can be scanned for a microchip and (can be) included in the shelter s lost-pet listings. included can be break loose local[lóukâl] scan[skæn] keep ~ away from... potential[po tèn Âl] medical attention scratch[skræt ] 24 Cooking olutions Cooking olutions Cooking olutions Cooking olutions C_recipes@cooktime.com Cooking olutions Cooking olutions become the property of Cooking olutions All recipes submitted and republished may be and used for any purpose. submit[s bmít] check[t ek] come up with approve[ prù;v] reserve[rizá; v] property[pr p ti] 25 19

20 used[ju;zd] circuit[sá; kit] landfill[l ndfìl] cf. landfilling recovery[rik=vâri] export[èksp ; t] retread[rí;tréd] end up mostly[móustli] stockpile[st kpàil] eyesore[áis ; ] take a route economic cycle power plant convert A to B derive[diráiv] asphalt[ sf ;lt] pave[peiv] percentage[p sèntid,] account for 26 (The wagon cook ~ were never carried) (settlers traveling ~ of North America) Chuck wagon Chuck wagon was the name [given to the wagon [that carried food and cooking supplies / for settlers [traveling in wagon trains / across the great plains of North America]]]. chuck wagon supply[s plái] settler[sètl ] feed[fi;d]-fed-fed logger[l ;g ] remote[rimóut] refrigeration [rifrìd, rèi Ân] stew[stδu;] 27 (A) (This ~ ones) spring (B) and families (C) (we ~ taking) which in the family It is ~ that... A popular proverb in Africa, the place from which (= where) all human beings originate, is ~. Africa the place ~ originate This proverb and hundreds of similar ones(= proverbs) [from all over the world] spring / from the importance [that we place on children and families]. It s (the place) [where we learn whom we can trust and O 1 (we learn) from whom we should stay away]. O 2 where the place originate from spring from place the importance on socialize[sóu làiz] provide A for B (= provide B with A) protection [pr tèk Ân] look after emotional[imóu nâl] psychological[sàik l d,ikâl] stay away from 28 accept lack Physically and mentally, too, older bodies lack the O ease [that younger bodies have] with using ~. the ease lack cause[k ;z] so-called continuously [k ntínju sli] present A with B soak up in the know impatient[impèi Ânt] physically[fízikli] mentally[mènt li] lack[læk] ease[i;z] furthermore[fá; " m ; ] resist[rizíst] A rather than B 29 passers-by 20 ense Up

21 ~ How stupid it is to make O it(= the donkey) OC carry two! how it to donkey[d \ki] take turns to-v[v-ing] alongside[ l ;\sàid] passer-by call A names get down (from) tie A to B upside down 30 Once we that commitment. When salespeople you have said. When salespeople get you to make a statement O OC about yourself and (about) how you think (that) you would behave in a certain situation, // they know that later you will want to O behave in a way [that goes along with / what you have said]. get A to-v A v about yourself how situation and that that a way commit to (v-ing) cf. commitment[k mítm nt] encounter[inkáunt ] salesperson[sèilzpë; sn] admit[ dmít] position[p zí Ân] issue[í u;] feel obliged to-v honor[ n ] make a statement go along with value[v lju;] be in one s best interest(s) cf. interest [íntr st] humility[hju;míl ti] consistency [k nsístânsi] publicity[p<blís ti] 31 You ve changed the anger. / tating a fear changes the size of it: ~. let s say that for ages happen to-v chat[t æt] anger[ \g ] exist[igzíst] (out) in the open state[steit] depending on connect A to B perspective[p ; spèktiv] point of view closeness [klóusnis] emotion[imóu Ân] transform[trænsf ; m] manage[m nid,] mood[mu;d] lead to understanding[>nd st ndi\] 32 Punishment as be effective. ~: if punishment really worked, then there would be no discipline problems in schools. if... 21

22 Punishment [that s cruel or extreme] tends to fail / in the end // because it(= punishment that s cruel or extreme) makes the punished one focus only on the cruelty and injustice [of the O OC punishment] / instead of ~. because make O OCO OC instinctive[instí\appletiv] seek[si;k] basis[bèisis] modification[m difikèi Ân] therapy[^èr pi] cf. therapist[^èr pist] reward[riw ; d] administer[ dmínist ] aim to-v diminish[dimíni ] appropriate [ próupri t] desired[dizái d] employ[impl i] discipline[dís plin] cf. self-discipline cruel[krù; l] cf. cruelty[krù; lti] injustice[ind,=stis] justice encourage[ink=;rid,] self-control 33 Meanwhile However Meanwhile, the abused partner puts up with the O abuse / in the belief that they can make O it OC stop ~. the belief that make O OC O OC make v People [who are emotionally abused in a relationship] often blame themselves / and keep their feelings hidden / 1 O1 2 O2 OC2 from family and friends. who keep O OC O OC O2 OC2 p.p. emotional[imóu nâl] cf. emotionally[imóu Ân li] abuse[ bjù;z] cf. abuser[ bjù;z ] relationship[rilèi Ân ìp] unreasonable[<nrí;zân bâl] demand[dim nd] constantly[k nstântli] unresponsive[>nrisp nsiv] responsive make a threat basically[bèisikli] bully[bùli] obedience[o bí;di ns] put up with in the belief that cf. belief[bilí;f] prolong[pro l ;\] worsen[wá; sân] make the most of 34 Knowing this, / she gathered her courage / and set off at a hurried pace / along a route [that she would have feared in daylight]; ~. Knowing this(it was a ~ keep her hidden.) strike the hour plunge into chilly[t íli] beneath[biní;^] set off onward[ nw d] expanse[iksp ns] chaotic[kei tik] urgent[á; d,ânt] desperate[dèspârit] 35 ~; therefore, a tired driver [who has had a drink] will be more dangerous than a well-rested driver [who has had the same]. deprivation[déprivèi Ân] cf. deprive[dipráiv] motorist[móut rist] a series of virtual-reality penalty[pènâlti] discourage A from v-ing alcoholic[ lk h (;)lik] fatigue[f tí;g] estimated 22 ense Up

23 [èst méitid] 36 listen to a sound / as it(= the sound) moved toward them(= participants) ~, participants had to and press a button / as soon as the sound was immediately in front of them. as evolutionary[év lù; néri] psychologist[saik l d,ist] survive[s váiv] experiment [ikspèr m nt] participant[p ; tís p nt] fitness[fítnis] tend to-v weakling[wí;kli\] 37 The gestures [birds make / when they put dust 1 on their feathers and then shake themselves and arrange their 2 3 feathers with their beaks] / look like the movements [they make / when bathing in water]. A bird [bathing in dust] is much like you rubbing your C hands with sand / to get dust and dirt off. you like rubbing sand dust[d<st] arrange[ rèind,] beak [bi;k] get A off dirt[d ; t] get rid of cf. rid A of B fluffy[fl=fi] excess[iksès] convincing [k nvínsi\] theory[^í ri] parasite[p r sàit] crawl[kr ;l] 38 Concerns [about air and water pollution, the spread O 1 O 2 of pesticides and toxic chemicals, and the alarming loss of O 3 species] / have led many governments to take aggressive action O OC for the environment. Concerns about lead A to-v A v Doing this / not only robs the home nation of jobs and income, / but also makes the global environmental crisis more 2 2 OC2 severe. not only A but also B A B B pesticide[pèst sàid] toxic[t ksik] chemical [kèmikâl] alarming[ l ; mi\] loss[l (;)s] species[spí; i(;)z]take action aggressive [ grèsiv] prolong[pro l ;\] in the short[long] term[t ; m] introduce[ìntr dδù;s] corporation[k ; p rèi Ân] do good incidence[íns dâns] rob A of B crisis[kráisis] severe[siví ] 1 23

24 39 best before best before sell by display until sell by display until best before fit[unfit] for human consumption cf. consumption[k ns=mø Ân] consumer[k nsù;m ] consume legal[lígâl] pre-packed lack of mark A with B assume that all the same manage[m nid,] stock [st k] reduction[rid=k Ân] guidelines[gáidlàinz] indicate[índikéit] high quality be guaranteed to-v be free of risk[risk] expire[ikspái ] expect A to-v 40 Every time their horoscopes get it right, / they take it as confirmation that astrology really works, // yet every time a horoscope is wrong, / they see it as no proof that astrology is a fraud. yet every time take A as B see A as B A B People tend to give weight to evidence [that supports their beliefs] and (tend) to ignore contradictory evidence. astrology[ str l d,i] horoscope[h ;r skòup] bias[bái s] confirmation[k nf mèi Ân] proof[pru;f] evidencefraud[fr ;d] countless[káuntl s] recollection[rék lèk Ân] any number of preconception [prì;k nsèp Ân] subject[s=bd,ikt] extroverted [èkstro vë; tid] introverted cf. extroversion [ékstro vá;, n] assess[ sès] librarian[laibr Âri n] recall [rik ;l] give weight to strengthen[strè\^ân] abandon [ b nd n] contradictory[k ntr díktâri] trustworthy [tr=stwë; "i] specific detailed o break the ice detail[dí;teil] cf. detailed[dí;teild] follow (up) A with B typically[típikâli] involve [inv lv] extract[ikstr kt] specific[sp sífik] fish[fi ] straightforward[stréitf ; w d] productive [pr d=ktiv] 24 ense Up

25 43-45 Heyerdahl The academics a voyage. Heyerdahl may have failed to prove his theory the earliest Polynesians were outh American Indians ~, but he could not get it(= an original anthropological O history of Polynesia) published in academic journals. OC get it publish published Heyerdahl may have failed to prove his theory, ~. may have p.p. ~, pointing out that primitive boats could not have survived such a voyage. that primitive boats ~, and measured roughly fourteen by five and a half meters. by e.g. The table measures three feet by four feet. frustrated[fr=streitid] unemployed[>nimpl id] anthropologist[ n^r p l d,ist] cf. anthropological [ n^r p l d,ikâl] academic[ k dèmik] sail[seil] cf. set sail nothing but only bamboo[bæmbù;] cabin[k bin] old-fashioned [òuldf Ând] navigation[n vigèi Ân] voyage[v i d,] coral[k ;r l] make (the) headlines accepted[ ksèptid] opposite[ p zit] overland[óuv l nd] ridicule[rídikjú;l] point out primitive[prím tiv] raft[ræft] be willing to-v risk one s life to-v vine[vain] roughly[r=fli] about, approximately[ pr ksim tli]launch[l ;nt ] naval[nèivâl] horrified[h ;r fàid] beg A to-v reconsider[rì;k nsíd ] determined to-v 25

26 18 (If your heart ~ from a shelter.) ~, but I thought she looked much older than that, / what with all the gray hairs on her face and the fact that she A B was missing a leg. what with A and (what with) B A B But inside her worn-out exterior lies a pure heart and ~. M beloved[bil=vid] definitely[dèf nitli] worn-out exterior[ikstíâri ] pure[pju ] endless[èndlis] be set on adopt[ d pt] bring out gratitude[gr t tδú;d] 19 Luck has your own luck! Let s say // (that) your lifelong ambition is to be C the head designer [of a famous fashion label], / but the only job [(that) you can get / with your current qualifications] is sales assistant [in one of the company s stores]. lifelong[láifl (;)\] ambition[æmbí Ân] label[lèib l] qualification[kw l fikèi Ân] assistant[ sístânt] reflect on commitment[k mítm nt] retail[rí;teil] halfway[h fwèi] negative[nèg tiv] attitude[ titδú;d] be on the lookout for talented[t l ntid] take the initiative competently[k mpit ntli] have little[nothing] to do with get ahead 20 For better not the exception. For instance withdrawal C History is full of examples of nations [achieving success in the world community / by engaging openly in dialogue]. achieving nations by v-ing v withdrawal[wi"dr ;Âl] cf. withdraw from pull out turn away draw back discussion[disk= Ân] outcome[áutk>m] engagement[ingèid,m nt] cf. engage in A rather than B exception[iksèp Ân] achieve[ t í;v] consistently[k nsístântli] reach an agreement unification[jú;nifikèi Ân] ense Up

27 It was because / Haverhill had covered and developed its wetlands, // while Newburyport had allowed its O wetlands to remain untouched. O OC wetland[wètl nd] throughout[^ru;áut] profitable[pr fit bâl] untouched[>nt=t t] absorb[ bs ; b] overflow[òuv flóu] spread[spred] conflicting[k nflíkti\] restore[rist ; ] connection[k nèk Ân] effective[ifèktiv] prevention[privèn Ân] 22 ~, a compact car gives a driver the ability [to get IO DO around quicker, and park more easily / than those [stuck behind the wheels of bigger, bulkier cars]]. the ability to get around quicker (to) park more easily those people stuck crude oil compact[k mp kt] fuel-efficient status[stèit s] get around stick[stik]-stuck-stuck behind the wheel bulky[b=lki] 23 The displayed works are true spectacles of the modern age [that illuminate the aesthetic and cultural transformations] [that swept through Paris in the late 19th century]. exhibition[éks bí Ân] upcoming[=pk>mi\] Impressionism[imprè ÂnìzÂm] landmark[l nîm ; k] revere[riví r] Post-Impressionism illuminate[ilù;m néit] aesthetic[es^ètik] transformation [tr nsf mèi Ân] sweep through feature[fí;t ] sculpture[sk=lpt ] on loan famed[feimd] awe[ ;] era[íâr ] 24 tartran Pass NCard tartran NCard 27

28 semester[simèst ] transit[tr nsit] route map faculty[f kâlti] issue[í u;] student fees the student body 25 chart[t ; t] illustrate[íl stréit] poultry[póultri] period[píâri d] sharp[ ; p] gap[gæp] consistent[k nsístânt] upward[=pw d] decline[dikláin] category[k t g ;ri] regain[rigèin] 26 It is said that ~ the campus. ~ but that number could hardly be possible / given the size of the campus. hardly given It wasn t until December of 2009, / when the U.. Army came to enjaray, / that moves [to repair and reopen the school] began. It is not until that... when enjaray December of enroll at including [inklù;di\] exaggeration[igz d, rèi Ân] indicate [índikéit] except[iksèpt] throughout [^ru;áut] 27 (A) their bodies where (B) expose (C) a very good sign that what toxin[t ksin] pollutant[p lù;tânt] accumulate [ kjù;mjuleit] sensitivity[séns tív ti] decline[dikláin] sicken[sík n] ~ 28 There are the younger years. evitable none inevitable not inevitable evitable In none of these stages / is it inevitable that C it people will suffer O the problems [associated with aging]. In none of these stages it that A major factor [in how well your body functions / in later years] is how well you treat O it / in the younger years. C factor in in how well later years how 28 ense Up

29 aging[èid,i\] tend to-v associate A with B numerous[nδù;m r s] medication[médikèi Ân] function[f=\apple Ân] misconception[mìsk nsèp Ân] on one s own productive[pr d=ktiv] adulthood[ d=lthúd] evitable[èv t bâl] inevitable suffer[s=f ] take place not necessarily major[mèid, ] factor in 29 Dr. Whiting ~, for it was so painful a job to set the broken leg / that it forced terrible screams from him and (it) 2 made O2 Frank, [who was helping], OC2 quite weak and pale. for so a(n) that... that make O OC O OC This prompted Jack to ask, innocently, if he should O not be on his feet again in a week. if ask should It takes at least three weeks for a broken bone to knit, It takesfor A to-v A v disappointment[dìs p intm nt] physically [fízikâli] painful[pèinfâl] set[set] scream[skri;m] pale[peil] ache[eik] dreadfully[drèdf li] bruise[bru;z] cheerful[t í fâl] make light of prompt A to-v innocently [ín sntli] on one s feet standing knit[nit] properly[pr p li] mend[mend] 30 If Detroit everybody s interest. One way [that(= how) automobiles are produced in the tates] is by building them(= automobiles) in factories in C Detroit. One way that how automobile[ ;t m bì;l] load A onto[into] B cf. load A (up) with B overseas[òuv sí;z] economist[ik n mist] protection[pr tèk Ân] tariff[t rif] trade barrier assistance[ sístâns] manufacturer[m njuf kt r ] not necessarily interest[íntr st] be in partnership with be in competition with 31 Relationships will each other. If you really cared about me, you d know why I m upset! If... This kind of complaint comes from the belief that people should be sensitive enough or smart enough to know your mind. the belief that enough to-v v Trying to have a close relationship [in which you don t = where 29

30 reveal your needs] is like driving a car / without a steering wheel. C care about belief[bilí;f] sensitive [sèns tiv] responsibility[risp ns bíl ti] ask for end up v-ing inappropriately[ìn próupri tli] anger[ \g ] relationship [rilèi Ân ìp] steering wheel crash[kræ ] clearly [klí li] disagreement[dìs grí;m nt] reveal[riví;l] truly[trù;li] comfortable [k=mf t bâl] threaten[^rètn] 32 catch- catch catch It s a catch combat pilot cf. combat[k mbæt] desperately [dèspâr tli] transfer[trænsfá; ] state that declare [diklè ] insane[insèin] sane request[rikwèst] clearly[klí li] refer to tolerate[t lâréit] stuck[st<k] contradictory [k ntr díktâri] 33 speech Nevertheless However In other words We often take for granted our ability [to produce 1 O1 and understand speech], and don t give much thought to it, // just as we don t normally pay much attention / to the workings [of our O heart, brain, or liver]. take A for granted A A our ability to for granted just as ~, wherever human beings live together, / their most fundamental connection is established by their ability [to talk to each other], / even if some members can only speak in sign language. wherever even if ~, speech is a fundamental part of / what it means to be human. what it means to be take A for granted give a thought to normally[n ; m li] liver[lív ] in short tend to-v overlook[òuv lùk] fundamental[f>nd mèntl] connection [k nèk Ân] establish[ist bli ] sign language set A apart from B be linked with closely[klóusli] abstract[ bstrækt] 34 ome spread snowflakes on the boughs of the trees, // taking the flakes out of their muffs; others hang flakes on the sleeping chimney, ~. some ~, others... taking at once nod one s head approvingly [ prù;vi\li] fairy[f Âri] snowflake[snóufléik] cf. flake bough[bau] beard[bi d] decorate[dèk réit] chaotic[kei tik] 35 2 O2 30 ense Up

31 meditation[méditèi Ân] truthfulness[trù;^fâlnis] compassion[k mp Ân] tolerance[t l r ns] practitioner[præktí Ân ] seek to-v strive to-v selflessness[sèlfl snis] communist[k mjunist] ruling party in private credit A with B 36 A study [of secondary school students in cotland] / revealed their perceptions [of the main role [that school plays in O their lives]]. schoolwork[skù;lwë; k] secondary school reveal [riví;l] perception[p sèp Ân] primarily[praimèr li] social[sóu Âl] stepping-stone get through for one s sake cf. sake 37 on the other hand either A or B script[skript] plot[pl t] innovate[íno véit] approach[ próut ] take charge of portrayal[p ; trè l] outline[áutlàin] sequence[sí;kw ns] basically[bèisikâli] 38 made a mistake its mistake dopamine in the brain this pleasure-giving chemical Researchers [who were training monkeys to do simple visual tasks] found that success had a strong effect on the O monkeys brains. who train A to-v A v that have a(n) ~ effect on... For monkeys, as well as humans, / this pleasure-giving chemical / acts not only as a reward / but also as a stimulating force [that leads to further success]. B as well as Anot only A but also B B A B visual[ví,u l] task[tæsk] handicap [h ndik p] a surge of chemical[kèmikâl] stimulating[stímj léiti\] neural[nδùâr l] soar[s ; ] master[m st ] 31

32 39 shark finning specifically[spisífik li] fin[fin] win a prize ecological[ìk l d,ikâl] activism [ kt vìzâm] inhumane[ìn ju;mèin] environmentally [invàir nmèntâli] disastrous[diz str s] practice[pr ktis] associate A with B water[w ;t ] worth a fortune sell for appetite for manage to-v protection[pr tèk Ân] 40 this high-priced water Twenty-five percent minerals from it. But this high-priced water may not be as special as it claims to be (special). not as as... it high-priced water Twenty-five percent of the spring water and mineral water [sold in the tates] is merely tap water [purified in a factory C process [that removes even the good minerals from it]]. pay for gallon[g l n] up to claim to-v tap[tæp] faucet[f ;sit] purify [pjùr fài] cf. purifier[pjùrifài ] process[pr ses] built-in portable[p ; t bl] refreshing[rifrè i\] scarce[ske s] overpriced [òuv práist] the firm purpose You saw what they have ~, with the firm purpose [of showing IO the boy DO how poor people live]. show show IO DO how extremely[ikstrí;mli] wealthy[wèl^i] industrialist [ind=stri list] countryside [k=ntrisàid] grateful[grèitfl] turn to compared to contain [k ntèin] chemical[kèmikâl] all the way to pay A to-v keep (on) v-ing ense Up

33 I completed my degree in a graduate social work degree. A B B A A But it was clear even after graduating high school C that my parents hadn t stopped expecting more from me. ~, but my parents insisted (that) I (should) do something with a future in it instead. insist that should ~, and everything [(that) I did at college] was guided / by what my parents wanted O me OC to do. base[beis] recipe[rès pi] improve[imprù;v] insist (that) enroll in pharmacy[f ; m si] cf. pharmacist[f ; m sist] immediately[imí;di tli] graduate[gr d,u t] persist[p ; síst] eventually[ivènt u li] worthless[wá; ^lis] principle[príns pl] uncertain[>nsá; t n] matter[m t ] 33

34 18 (you can build your strength with a professional public speaking class!) You may think that you can do without it, // but being good at it / is an asset not only in your career / but also in social settings. it public speaking You ~ without it. Being good at it is ~ in social settings. but not only ~ but also... suffer from stage fright intend to-v take a class[course] get around to v-ing asset[ set] career[k rí ] setting[sèti\] terrific[t rífik] boost[bu;st] selfconfidence have trouble v-ing upcoming [=pk>mi\] polish[p li ] 19 Overalltourism to cope. It s money that would be better spent on science and conservation. it is that...that money it is that that spend money on Antarctica[ænt ; ktik ] on the rise cruise ship ski-trekking flow[flou] management[m nid,m nt] disturb[distá; b] coastal [kóustâl] risk[risk] oil spill likelihood[láiklihúd] adventurous[ dvènt Âr s] rescue[rèskju;] extremely[ikstrí;mli] costly[k ;stli] conservation[k ns ; vèi Ân] overall[óuv r ;l] lead to exploitation [ékspl itèi Ân] cf. exploit[ikspl it] cope[koup] spot[sp t] access to restrict[ristríkt] 20 DD Many online resources [for walking holidays] provide interested travelers with detailed descriptions and A B illustrations [of various historical trails and / day trips [that include visits [to popular ~ locations]]. provide A with B B detailed descriptions and illustrations of a wealth of hiking trail provide A with B 34 ense Up

35 detailed[dìtèild] description[diskríp Ân] illustration[ìl strèi Ân] historical[hist (;)rikâl] cf. historic monument[m njum nt] specific[sp sífik] handy[h ndi] reference[rèfâr ns] specialize in cf. specialized[spè Âlàizd] accommodation[ k m déi Ân] point[p int] spot[sp t] keep[stay] in shape must[m<st] 21 The first thing [that these people do / when (they are) faced with any big task] is to identify the main objective or C best outcome. be faced with task[tæsk] identify[aidèntifài] outcome[áutk>m] break down A into B a series of manageable[m nid, bâl] short-term basically[bèisikâli] clearly[klí li] component[k mpóun nt] complex[k mplèks] steadily [stèdili] intimidated[intímidéitid] be made of confidently[k nfid ntli] tackle[t kâl] at a time lighten[láitn] workload [wá; kl d] hold A back 22 Part of an effective manager or employer involves knowing how to be a good bearer of bad news. O Part of being ~ employer involves knowing ~ to tell staff or that they that they will not get raises this year, have made an error, or are not performing ~ expected. or that or that bearer[be r ] break the news face to face sympathize with digest[daid,èst] cope with 23 galerieslafayette.com Located in the center of Paris, / the main store on Boulevard Haussmann / is considered to be the second most visited attraction after the Louvre; Located in the main store on Boulevard Haussmann boulevard[bù(;)l v ; d] attraction [ tr k Ân] leading[lí;di\] 24 The story 35

36 The tory The tory The tory submit[s bmít] hand inoriginal[ ríd, nâl] literary [lít réri] sci-fi[sáifái] horror[h ;r ] edit[èdit] cf. editor[èd t ] publication[p>bl kèi Ân] entry[èntri] fee[fi;] reserve[rizá; v] deadline [dèdlàin] 25 organic[ ; g nik] agricultural[ grik=lt Âr l] beekeeping[bí;kì;pi\] grazing[grèizi\] global[glóubâl] proportion[pr p ; Ân] farmland[f ; ml nd] in particular devote A to B hectare[hèktàr] ha 26 He planned of years. Once the work was found again, / people realized that it could equal the anatomy textbooks [published today]. O Oncefrom the moment that observation[ bz vèi Ân] anatomy[ n t mi] detailed[dí;teild] note[nout] finding[fáindi\] expand[iksp nd] understanding [>nd st ndi\] peel off cut A in half over and over again skull[sk<l] organ[ ; g n] plan to-v publish[p=bli ] hidden[hídn] 27 believes or a person feels some of the time at other times events go go bad what that If a person believes that an outcome will be good 1 O 1 or feels generally optimistic about it, ~. 2 C 2 believes feels or neither A nor B optimist[ ptimist] cf. optimistic [ ptimístik] pessimist[pèsimist] cf. pessimistic [pésimístik] turn out tend to-v outcome [áutk>m] expectation[ékspektèi Ân] quotation [kwo tèi Ân] whether it be A or B 28 wear outwork out wears out with without With damage restore restore 36 ense Up

37 With care, it should last at least 80 years, / but it ~. With With care if rusty[r=sti] the same goes for last[læst] at least badly[b dli] neglect[niglèkt] abuse[ bjù;z] twowheeler 29 Georgie Hay the tooth fairy ~, but the more she talked, the more unbelievable her mom s stories seemed. the the ~, and she decided right then and there never to believe what she said ever again. O to not never catch A out the tooth fairy exist[igzíst] insist[insíst] defend[difènd] unbelievable[>nbilí;v bâl] confront[k nfr=nt] tell the truth admit[ dmít] then and there 30 Now, many and optimistic. The ancient Babylonian Code of Hammurabi was C one [of the earliest formal systems [to say that a punishment should equal the crime / an eye for an eye. ]] The states began regarding punishment more broadly O as correction or cure / only relatively recently. began regarding or cure regard A as B A B devise[diváiz] get[take, have] revenge individual[ìndivíd,u l] administer justice[punishment] cf. justice[d,=stis] code[koud] formal[f ; mâl] equal[í;kw l] state[steit] broadly[br ;dli] criminal[kríminâl] potential[po tèn Âl] reform[rif ; m] humanitarian[ ju;m nitèri n] optimistic[ ptimístik] correction[k rèk Ân] cure[kju ] protection[pr tèk Ân] requirement[rikwái m nt] preventive measure cf. measure[mè, ] 31 Females can grow up to five inches long, / which is a third larger than the average male. which a third extraordinary[ikstr ; d néri] ordinaryaverage [ vârid,] stretch out measure[mè, ] resident[rèzidânt] assemble[ sèmbâl] porch[p ; t ] cupboard[k=b d] slightly[sláitli] annoyance[ n i ns] distraction[distr k Ân] cf. distract[distr kt] abundant[ b=nd nt] foodstuff[fù;dst>f] 32 37