Copyright 2012 Jason Howard All rights reserved. ISBN: ISBN-13:

Transcription

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2 Copyright 2012 Jason Howard All rights reserved. ISBN: ISBN-13:

3 This book is dedicated to my precious children. May you and your decedents continue the journey we started to discover and remember your ancestors

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5 INTRODUCTION... IX 1 - KOREAN WRITING... 1 HANJA CHARACTERS... 1 Table 1.1: Examples of HanJa Vocabulary with Common Roots... 3 Table 1.2: Examples of Simple and Compound HanJa... 3 HANGUL LETTERS... 3 HANGUL SYLLABLES... 5 Table 1.3: HanGul Consonant Letters... 6 Table 1.4: HanGul Vowel Letters... 7 Table 1.5: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄱ (g)... 8 Table 1.6: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄲ (gg)...10 Table 1.7: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄴ (n)...12 Table 1.8: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄷ (d)...14 Table 1.9: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄸ (dd)...16 Table 1.10: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄹ (r)...18 Table 1.11: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅁ (m)...20 Table 1.12: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅂ (b)...22 Table 1.13: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅃ (bb)...24 Table 1.14: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅅ (s)...26 Table 1.15: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅆ (ss)...28 Table 1.16: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅇ (vowel sounds)...30 Table 1.17: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅈ (j)...32 Table 1.18: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅉ (jj)...34 Table 1.19: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅊ (ch)...36 Table 1.20: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅋ (k)...38 Table 1.21: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅌ (t)...40 Table 1.22: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅍ (p)...42 Table 1.23: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅎ (h)...44 STROKE ORDER AND DIRECTION TEXT DIRECTION KOREAN ON COMPUTERS... 47

6 KOREAN ON WINDOWS COMPUTERS Table 1.24: How to Type Compound Vowels KOREAN ON MAC OS X KOREAN ON THE INTERNET TRANSLATING HANJA AND HANGUL NAMES NAMES Table 2.1 Examples of Korean Names FAMILY NAMES Table 2.2 Korean Family Names (HanJa, HanGul, and English) GIVEN NAMES Table 2.3 HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names NUMBERS AND DATES PURE KOREAN NUMBERS Table 3.1 Pure Korean Numbers HANJA NUMBERS Table 3.2 HanJa Numbers Table 3.3 Examples of HanJa Numbers DATES Table 3.4 HanJa Vocabulary for Dates Table 3.5 Example HanJa Date LUNAR CALENDAR YEARS Table 3.6 Heavenly Cycle (1 st HanJa Character in Lunar Year) Table 3.7 Earthly Cycle (2 nd HanJa Character in Lunar Year) Table 3.8 Lunar Calendar 60-Year Cycle HISTORY FOUNDING LEGENDS EARLY KINGDOMS GORYEO Table 4.1 GoRyeo Monarchs Ruling Years JOSEON Table 4.2 JoSeon Monarchs' Ruling Years JAPANESE OCCUPATION KOREAN WAR

7 NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA HOPES FOR REUNIFICATION FAMILY REGISTRIES FAMILY RECORDS PAGE STRUCTURE Diagram 5.1 Visualization of a Genealogy Scroll: Diagram 5.2 Visualization of Lineage on a Genealogy Scroll: Diagram 5.3 Visualization of a Genealogy Scroll Cut into Pages: Diagram 5.4 Structure of Facing Pages of a Family Registry: LINKING INDIVIDUAL RECORDS LINKING INDIVIDUALS ACROSS PAGES AND VOLUMES RECORDS OF MARRIED SONS Table 5.1 Sample Married Son Table 5.2 Interpretation of a Sample Married Son RECORDS OF MARRIED DAUGHTERS Table 5.3 Sample Married Daughter Table 5.4 Interpretation of a Sample Married Daughter RECORDS OF SINGLE CHILDREN BLOOD-LINE ADOPTIONS STARTING POINT Picture 5.1 Locating a Family Registry Online Table 5.5 Family Registry Title Translation Picture 5.2 Viewing a Family Registry Online DISCOVERY APPROACH

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9 Introduction Korean family registries are great treasures. They contain precious genealogies that help families remember their ancestors. They also preserve the history and culture of the Korean people. They are treasured by individuals seeking to discover their own roots and historians wishing to discover the carefully preserved history of Korea. This book is intended to help those who want to research Korean ancestry. Korean language fluency would certainly aide in a quest to discover Korean roots, but it is not a requirement. This guide provides the information necessary for an English speaker to parse and interpret basic genealogical information from Korean family registries (JokBo). The instruction, definitions, and tables that follow provide a solid foundation for Korean genealogy research. Additionally, the tools necessary to launch deeper studies into the language and family histories are introduced. Interpretation of genealogical information in Korean family registry records is the goal of this book. This goal is realized in the last chapter. Sample records are explored to introduce common structures and patterns in Korean family registries. There are a few concepts that must be understood to accomplish successful interpretation of family registries. For example, JokBo records are written in HanJa characters. Accordingly, this guide starts with an introduction of basic concepts about the Korean language, including HanJa and HanGul writing. Techniques for looking up definitions via the internet are introduced. Additionally, tables of the most frequently used HanJa characters are provided. The tables serve as a reference that will

10 enable beginners to immediately begin exploring and understanding genealogical records even before mastering the language. The tables are also quite useful for fluent Korean speakers, too, as they cover concepts and HanJa characters that are not commonly used in daily life but are essential for interpreting family registries. Korean names can be written in HanJa characters, which reveal beautiful meanings. They can also be written in HanGul characters, which reveal the Korean pronunciation. Tables of Korean family names and the HanJa characters used in Korean names are provided. Generally the genealogical records are in HanJa, and these tables can aide in discovering pronunciations and the easily typed HanGul version that can be used to search online dictionaries for meanings. The dates and numbering systems used in family registries are not the common western systems used in daily life today. Tables enabling translation of HanJa numbers are provided. Additionally, the concepts and tables necessary to decipher lunar calendar years are provided. Even those fluent in Korean will find this reference particularly useful. The lunar year tables simplify genealogical research dramatically. A basic knowledge of Korean history is needed both to appreciate and to understand older genealogical records. Knowing the history enriches an understanding of the lives of the ancestors recorded in family registries. In some cases just discovering the years in which the ancestors lived requires recognizing the names of monarchs and knowing the years they reigned. For example, some years are recorded in terms of a king or emperor s reign, such as the 10th year of the reign of king SaeJong or the 39th year of the 60-year lunar cycle under the reign of king JongJung. A table of monarchs and their ruling years is provided to help genealogists convert these records into western solar calendar years. The tables and information provided are a solid foundation upon which to begin interpreting genealogical records. The locations of growing online databases of Korean genealogical records are also provided as a great starting point.

11 Readers are encouraged to collaborate online. A growing community of Korean genealogy enthusiasts can share discoveries, share additional resources, submit and answer questions, and help each other discover Korean roots. A good starting point is

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13 Chapter 1 Korea has a long and rich history. Korean language, culture, and history are inseparable. This book does not attempt to separate them. As you study the Korean language, you see the collective experience of the Korean people over thousands of years of precious culture and history. HanJa Characters The Korean people and their language have existed for thousands of years. Early on, they used Chinese characters to write the Korean language. The pronunciations and grammar were different than Chinese. They were using those written characters to represent their own language. When Chinese-like characters are used by Koreans in this way, they refer to the characters as HanJa. Today HanJa is not required when writing Korean, but it is still used in formal and traditional writing. All words can be represented by pure Korean HanGul letters, but only words with Chinese roots can be represented by HanJa characters. About 80% of Korean words can be

14 represented by HanJa. Typically, Chinese root words are two syllables represented by two HanJa characters. There are thousands of HanJa characters. Many share the same Korean pronunciation, but each has its own meaning. Each HanJa character represents a single syllable. However, the HanJa characters are not phonetic -- they do not contain any clues about pronunciation. They contain rich clues about meaning. In fact, a primary use of HanJa is to specify meanings, especially in cases when multiple HanJa characters share the same pronunciation. For Korean words with HanJa roots, the HanJa representation provides the exact meaning. The HanGul version provides the exact pronunciation. The HanGul version is significantly easier to use, but both are required to fully understand the word. For example, if searching for meanings online it is much easier to search based on the phonetic HanGul version, select the correct HanJa character based on the search results, and then learn the meaning. Korean high school students memorize thousands of HanJa characters. Truly mastering HanJa, however, requires even higher levels of study. Learning the most common HanJa root characters can enhance Korean vocabulary study significantly; this is similar to how studying Greek or Latin root words helps build English vocabulary. An excellent resource is the book Handbook of Korean Vocabulary (Handbook of Korean Vocabulary: A Resource for Word Recognition and Comprehension, by Miho Choo and William O Grady, 1996, Center for Korean Studies), which has hundreds of vocabulary words organized by common root characters. It also has a useful section of Korean root words, which do not have HanJa representations. is a good online source for HanJa study. A good example of a HanJa character is the root syllable Han. The HanGul version of this syllable is 한, which specifies the pronunciation Han (ㅎ=h, ㅏ=a, ㄴ=n; ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ=한). The HanJa version is 韓, which

15 means Korea. You can combine the root 韓 with other syllables to create many two-syllable words, as shown in the following table: Table 1.1: Examples of HanJa Vocabulary with Common Roots HanJa 韓國 HanGul 한국 Pronunciation HanGuk Definition Korean Country 韓契 한글 HanGul Korean Writing 韓食 한식 HanShik Korean Food 南韓 남한 NamHan South Korea 北韓 북한 BukHan North Korea 韓子 한자 HanJa Korean Characters As you study HanJa you will notice that some characters are simple and some are complex. The complex HanJa are usually a combination of several simple HanJa into one character. For example, the simple HanJa for roof and tree are put together into a more complex HanJa character representing the Song family name. Understanding the characters that make up a complex HanJa symbol provides a deeper understanding of the meaning. In the following example, one interprets the imagery of a family tree under one roof, which evokes deeper insights about the meaning of the family name Song. Table 1.2: Examples of Simple and Compound HanJa HanJa 宀 HanGul 면 Pronunciation Myeon Definition Roof, Home 木 목 Mok Tree 宋 송 Song Song (family name) HanGul Letters The Korean people have a long history of valuing education. The Great King SaeJong recognized that HanJa was a barrier to literacy for many in

16 the working class. They lacked the education, resources, and time required to memorize thousands of HanJa characters. He developed a simple form of writing called HanGul (Korean Writing) to solve this problem. HanGul is simple, scientific, and phonetic. It is made up of 24 simple characters that represent sounds. They can be combined into compound letters to make up all 40 sounds used in the Korean language. Sometimes it is useful for foreigners to attempt to write Korean words with English letters. This is called Romanization. There are several standard Romanization methods that can be used to represent Korean words in English. The standard adopted by the South Korean Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the year 2000 is the Revised Romanization method. The sounds of the Korean language are not identical to the sounds of the English language, so no Romanization method will be perfect. This book does not strictly adhere to the standard methods in an attempt to write the English form of words that is most likely to result in a non-korean speaker pronouncing the word correctly. A serious study of the Korean language should start with memorization of the HanGul letters in Tables and their correct pronunciations. However, genealogy can be interpreted without memorization by using these tables a reference.

17 HanGul Syllables HanGul letters are combined into syllables. Syllables start with a consonant, one of which can be a silent consonant placeholder if the syllable actually starts with a vowel sound. Every syllable must have a vowel, which can be simple or compound. A syllable can optionally end with one or two additional consonants. Tables show all possible combinations of HanGul letters into syllables. Note that if you memorize the HanGul letters in Tables you can read syllables without using the tables of syllables. The tables can be used as a pronunciation guide. They can also be used to learn how to properly format syllables made up of multiple HanGul letters.

18 Table 1.3: HanGul Consonant Letters HanGul Letter ㄱ English Transliteration g, k Consonant Type Single Pronunciation Guide ㄲ gg Double ㄴ n Single stronger g than ㄱ n ㄷ d, t Single d, t ㄸ dd Double ㄹ r, l Single stronger d than ㄷ r, l ㅁ m Single m ㅂ b, p Single b, p ㅃ bb Double ㅅ s, sh Single stronger b than ㅂ s, sh ㅆ ss Double stronger s than ㅅ ㅇ (silent), ng Single ㅈ j Single (silent), ng j ㅉ jj Double stronger j than ㅈ ㅊ ch Single ch ㅋ k Single stronger k than ㄱ ㅌ t Single stronger t than ㄷ ㅍ p Single ㅎ h Single stronger p than ㅂ h g, k

19 Table 1.4: HanGul Vowel Letters HanGul Letter ㅏ English Transliteration a Vowel Type Simple Pronunciation Guide ㅐ ae Compound e in beg ㅑ ya Simple ya in yarn ㅒ yae Compound ye in yes ㅓ eo Simple u in luck ㅔ ae Compound e in neck ㅕ yeo Simple you in young ㅖ yae Compound ye in yes ㅗ o Simple o in go ㅘ wa Compound wa in wand ㅙ wae Compound whe in when ㅚ oy Compound oy in oyster ㅛ yo Simple yo in yo-yo ㅜ u Simple u in tune ㅝ weo Compound wha in what ㅞ wae Compound wea in weapon ㅟ wi Compound we in we ㅠ yu Simple you in you ㅡ eu Simple e in the ㅢ ui Compound eo in people ㅣ i Simple e in be a in father

20 Table 1.5: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄱ (g) ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㄱ g ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 가 ㄱ g 각 ㄲ gg 갂 ㄳ gs 갃 ㄴ n 간 ㄵ nj 갅 ㄶ nh 갆 ㄷ d 갇 ㄹ l 갈 ㄺ lg 갉 ㄻ lm 갊 ㄼ lb 갋 ㄽ ls 갌 ㄾ lt 갍 ga g ag g ag g g ag s g an g anj g anh g ad g al g alg g alm g alb g als g alt 개 객 갞 갟 갠 갡 갢 갣 갤 갥 갦 갧 갨 갩 g ae g aeg g aeg g g aeg s g aen g aenj g aenh g aed g ael g aelg g aelm g aelb g aels g aelt 갸 갹 갺 갻 갼 갽 갾 갿 걀 걁 걂 걃 걄 걅 g ya g yag g yag g g yag s g yan g yanj g yanh g yad g yal g yalg g yalm g yalb g yals g yalt 걔 걕 걖 걗 걘 걙 걚 걛 걜 걝 걞 걟 걠 걡 g yae g yaeg g yaeg g g yaeg s g yaen g yaenj g yaenh g yaed g yael g yaelg g yaelm g yaelb g yaels g yaelt 거 걱 걲 걳 건 걵 걶 걷 걸 걹 걺 걻 걼 걽 g eo g eo g g eo g g g eo g s g eo n g eo nj g eo nh g eo d g eo l g eo lg g eo lm g eo lb g eo ls g eo lt 게 겍 겎 겏 겐 겑 겒 겓 겔 겕 겖 겗 겘 겙 ge g eg g eg g g eg s g en g enj g enh g ed g el g elg g elm g elb g els g elt 겨 격 겪 겫 견 겭 겮 겯 결 겱 겲 겳 겴 겵 g yeo g yeo g g yeo g g g yeo g s g yeo n g yeo nj g yeo nh g yeo d g yeo l g yeo lg g yeo lm g yeo lb g yeo ls g yeo lt 계 곅 곆 곇 곈 곉 곊 곋 곌 곍 곎 곏 곐 곑 g ye g yeg g yeg g g yeg s g yen g yenj g yenh g yed g yel g yelg g yelm g yelb g yels g yelt 고 곡 곢 곣 곤 곥 곦 곧 골 곩 곪 곫 곬 곭 go gog gogg gogs gon g o nj g o nh god gol g o lg g o lm g o lb g o ls g o lt 과 곽 곾 곿 관 괁 괂 괃 괄 괅 괆 괇 괈 괉 g wa g wag g wag g g wag s g wan g wanj g wanh g wad g wal g walg g walm g walb g wals g walt 괘 괙 괚 괛 괜 괝 괞 괟 괠 괡 괢 괣 괤 괥 g wae g waeg g waeg g g waeg s g waen g waenj g waenh g waed g wael g waelg g waelm g waelb g waels g waelt 괴 괵 괶 괷 괸 괹 괺 괻 괼 괽 괾 괿 굀 굁 goe g o eg g o eg g g o eg s g o en g o enj g o enh g o ed g o el g o elg g o elm g o elb g o els g o elt 교 굑 굒 굓 굔 굕 굖 굗 굘 굙 굚 굛 굜 굝 g yo g yo g g yo g g g yo g s g yo n g yo nj g yo nh g yo d g yo l g yo lg g yo lm g yo lb g yo ls g yo lt 구 국 굮 굯 군 굱 굲 굳 굴 굵 굶 굷 굸 굹 gu g ug g ug g g ug s g un g unj g unh g ud g ul g ulg g ulm g ulb g uls g ult 궈 궉 궊 궋 권 궍 궎 궏 궐 궑 궒 궓 궔 궕 g weo g weo g g weo g g g weo g s g weo n g weo nj g weo nh g weo d g weo l g weo lg g weo lm g weo lb g weo ls g weo lt 궤 궥 궦 궧 궨 궩 궪 궫 궬 궭 궮 궯 궰 궱 g we g weg g weg g g weg s g wen g wenj g wenh g wed g wel g welg g welm g welb g wels g welt 귀 귁 귂 귃 귄 귅 귆 귇 귈 귉 귊 귋 귌 귍 g wi g wig g wig g g wig s g win g winj g winh g wid g wil g wilg g wilm g wilb g wils g wilt 규 귝 귞 귟 균 귡 귢 귣 귤 귥 귦 귧 귨 귩 g yu g yug g yug g g yug s g yun g yunj g yunh g yud g yul g yulg g yulm g yulb g yuls g yult 그 극 귺 귻 근 귽 귾 귿 글 긁 긂 긃 긄 긅 g eu g eug g eug g g eug s g eun g eunj g eunh g eud g eul g eulg g eulm g eulb g euls g eult 긔 긕 긖 긗 긘 긙 긚 긛 긜 긝 긞 긟 긠 긡 g yi g yig g yig g g yig s g yin g yinj g yinh g yid g yil g yilg g yilm g yilb g yils g yilt 기 긱 긲 긳 긴 긵 긶 긷 길 긹 긺 긻 긼 긽 gi g ig g ig g g ig s g in g inj g inh g id g il g ilg g ilm g ilb g ils g ilt

21 ㄱ ㅏ g a ㄱ ㅐ g ae ㄱ ㅑ g ya ㄱ ㅒ g yae ㄱ ㅓ g eo ㄱ ㅔ g e ㄱ ㅕ g yeo ㄱ ㅖ g ye ㄱ ㅗ g o ㄱ ㅘ g wa ㄱ ㅙ g wae ㄱ ㅚ g oe ㄱ ㅛ g yo ㄱ ㅜ g u ㄱ ㅝ g weo ㄱ ㅞ g we ㄱ ㅟ g wi ㄱ ㅠ g yu ㄱ ㅡ g eu ㄱ ㅢ g yi ㄱ ㅣ g i ㄿ lp 갎 ㅀ lh 갏 ㅁ m 감 ㅂ b 갑 ㅄ bs 값 ㅅ s 갓 ㅆ ss 갔 ㅇ ng 강 ㅈ j 갖 ㅊ ch 갗 ㅋ k 갘 ㅌ t 같 ㅍ p 갚 ㅎ h 갛 g alp g alh g am g ab g ab s g as g as s g ang g aj g ach g ak g at g ap g ah 갪 갫 갬 갭 갮 갯 갰 갱 갲 갳 갴 갵 갶 갷 g aelp g aelh g aem g aeb g aeb s g aes g aes s g aeng g aej g aech g aek g aet g aep g aeh 걆 걇 걈 걉 걊 걋 걌 걍 걎 걏 걐 걑 걒 걓 g yalp g yalh g yam g yab g yab s g yas g yas s g yang g yaj g yach g yak g yat g yap g yah 걢 걣 걤 걥 걦 걧 걨 걩 걪 걫 걬 걭 걮 걯 g yaelp g yaelh g yaem g yaeb g yaeb s g yaes g yaes s g yaeng g yaej g yaech g yaek g yaet g yaep g yaeh 걾 걿 검 겁 겂 것 겄 겅 겆 겇 겈 겉 겊 겋 g eo lp g eo lh g eo m g eo b g eo b s g eo s g eo s s g eo ng g eo j g eo ch g eo k g eo t g eo p g eo h 겚 겛 겜 겝 겞 겟 겠 겡 겢 겣 겤 겥 겦 겧 g elp g elh g em g eb g eb s g es g es s g eng g ej g ech g ek g et g ep g eh 겶 겷 겸 겹 겺 겻 겼 경 겾 겿 곀 곁 곂 곃 g yeo lp g yeo lh g yeo m g yeo b g yeo b s g yeo s g yeo s s g yeo ng g yeo j g yeo ch g yeo k g yeo t g yeo p g yeo h 곒 곓 곔 곕 곖 곗 곘 곙 곚 곛 곜 곝 곞 곟 g yelp g yelh g yem g yeb g yeb s g yes g yes s g yeng g yej g yech g yek g yet g yep g yeh 곮 곯 곰 곱 곲 곳 곴 공 곶 곷 곸 곹 곺 곻 g o lp g o lh gom gob gobs gos goss g o ng goj g o ch gok got gop goh 괊 괋 괌 괍 괎 괏 괐 광 괒 괓 괔 괕 괖 괗 g walp g walh g wam g wab g wab s g was g was s g wang g waj g wach g wak g wat g wap g wah 괦 괧 괨 괩 괪 괫 괬 괭 괮 괯 괰 괱 괲 괳 g waelp g waelh g waem g waeb g waeb s g waes g waes s g waeng g waej g waech g waek g waet g waep g waeh 굂 굃 굄 굅 굆 굇 굈 굉 굊 굋 굌 굍 굎 굏 g o elp g o elh g o em g o eb g o eb s g o es g o es s g o eng g o ej g o ech g o ek g o et g o ep g o eh 굞 굟 굠 굡 굢 굣 굤 굥 굦 굧 굨 굩 굪 굫 g yo lp g yo lh g yo m g yo b g yo b s g yo s g yo s s g yo ng g yo j g yo ch g yo k g yo t g yo p g yo h 굺 굻 굼 굽 굾 굿 궀 궁 궂 궃 궄 궅 궆 궇 g ulp g ulh g um g ub g ub s g us g us s g ung g uj g uch g uk g ut g up g uh 궖 궗 궘 궙 궚 궛 궜 궝 궞 궟 궠 궡 궢 궣 g weo lp g weo lh g weo m g weo b g weo b s g weo s g weo s s g weo ng g weo j g weo ch g weo k g weo t g weo p g weo h 궲 궳 궴 궵 궶 궷 궸 궹 궺 궻 궼 궽 궾 궿 g welp g welh g wem g web g web s g wes g wes s g weng g wej g wech g wek g wet g wep g weh 귎 귏 귐 귑 귒 귓 귔 귕 귖 귗 귘 귙 귚 귛 g wilp g wilh g wim g wib g wib s g wis g wis s g wing g wij g wich g wik g wit g wip g wih 귪 귫 귬 귭 귮 귯 귰 귱 귲 귳 귴 귵 귶 귷 g yulp g yulh g yum g yub g yub s g yus g yus s g yung g yuj g yuch g yuk g yut g yup g yuh 긆 긇 금 급 긊 긋 긌 긍 긎 긏 긐 긑 긒 긓 g eulp g eulh g eum g eub g eub s g eus g eus s g eung g euj g euch g euk g eut g eup g euh 긢 긣 긤 긥 긦 긧 긨 긩 긪 긫 긬 긭 긮 긯 g yilp g yilh g yim g yib g yib s g yis g yis s g ying g yij g yich g yik g yit g yip g yih 긾 긿 김 깁 깂 깃 깄 깅 깆 깇 깈 깉 깊 깋 g ilp g ilh g im g ib g ib s g is g is s g ing g ij g ich g ik g it g ip g ih

22 Table 1.6: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄲ (gg) ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 까 ㄱ g 깍 ㄲ gg 깎 ㄳ gs 깏 ㄴ n 깐 ㄵ nj 깑 ㄶ nh 깒 ㄷ d 깓 ㄹ l 깔 ㄺ lg 깕 ㄻ lm 깖 ㄼ lb 깗 ㄽ ls 깘 ㄾ lt 깙 g g alt gga g g ag g g ag g g g ag s g g an g g anj g g anh g g ad g g al g g alg g g alm g g alb g g als 깨 깩 깪 깫 깬 깭 깮 깯 깰 깱 깲 깳 깴 깵 g g ae g g aeg g g aeg g g g aeg s g g aen g g aenj g g aenh g g aed g g ael g g aelg g g aelm g g aelb g g aels g g aelt 꺄 꺅 꺆 꺇 꺈 꺉 꺊 꺋 꺌 꺍 꺎 꺏 꺐 꺑 g g ya g g yag g g yag g g g yag s g g yan g g yanj g g yanh g g yad g g yal g g yalg g g yalm g g yalb g g yals g g yalt 꺠 꺡 꺢 꺣 꺤 꺥 꺦 꺧 꺨 꺩 꺪 꺫 꺬 꺭 g g yae g g yaeg g g yaeg g g g yaeg s g g yaen g g yaenj g g yaenh g g yaed g g yael g g yaelg g g yaelm g g yaelb g g yaels g g yaelt 꺼 꺽 꺾 꺿 껀 껁 껂 껃 껄 껅 껆 껇 껈 껉 g g eo g g eo g g g eo g g g g eo g s g g eo n g g eo nj g g eo nh g g eo d g g eo l g g eo lg g g eo lm g g eo lb g g eo ls g g eo lt 께 껙 껚 껛 껜 껝 껞 껟 껠 껡 껢 껣 껤 껥 gge g g eg g g eg g g g eg s g g en g g enj g g enh g g ed g g el g g elg g g elm g g elb g g els g g elt 껴 껵 껶 껷 껸 껹 껺 껻 껼 껽 껾 껿 꼀 꼁 g g yeo g g yeo g g g yeo g g g g yeo g s g g yeo n g g yeo nj g g yeo nh g g yeo d g g yeo l g g yeo lg g g yeo lm g g yeo lb g g yeo ls g g yeo lt 꼐 꼑 꼒 꼓 꼔 꼕 꼖 꼗 꼘 꼙 꼚 꼛 꼜 꼝 g g ye g g yeg g g yeg g g g yeg s g g yen g g yenj g g yenh g g yed g g yel g g yelg g g yelm g g yelb g g yels g g yelt 꼬 꼭 꼮 꼯 꼰 꼱 꼲 꼳 꼴 꼵 꼶 꼷 꼸 꼹 ggo ggog ggogg ggogs ggon g g o nj g g o nh ggod ggol g g o lg g g o lm g g o lb g g o ls g g o lt 꽈 꽉 꽊 꽋 꽌 꽍 꽎 꽏 꽐 꽑 꽒 꽓 꽔 꽕 g g wa g g wag g g wag g g g wag s g g wan g g wanj g g wanh g g wad g g wal g g walg g g walm g g walb g g wals g g walt 꽩 꽪 꽬 꽭 꽮 꽯 꽤 꽥 꽦 꽧 꽨 g g wae g g waeg g g waeg g g g waeg s g g waen g g waenj g g waenh 꽫 g g waed g g wael g g waelg g g waelm g g waelb 꽰 꽱 g g waels g g waelt 꾀 꾁 꾂 꾃 꾄 꾅 꾆 꾇 꾈 꾉 꾊 꾋 꾌 꾍 ggoe g g o eg g g o eg g g g o eg s g g o en g g o enj g g o enh g g o ed g g o el g g o elg g g o elm g g o elb g g o els g g o elt 꾜 꾝 꾞 꾟 꾠 꾡 꾢 꾣 꾤 꾥 꾦 꾧 꾨 꾩 g g yo g g yo g g g yo g g g g yo g s g g yo n g g yo nj g g yo nh g g yo d g g yo l g g yo lg g g yo lm g g yo lb g g yo ls g g yo lt 꾸 꾹 꾺 꾻 꾼 꾽 꾾 꾿 꿀 꿁 꿂 꿃 꿄 꿅 ggu g g ug g g ug g g g ug s g g un g g unj g g unh g g ud g g ul g g ulg g g ulm g g ulb g g uls g g ult 꿗 꿘 꿙 꿚 꿛 꿜 꿝 꿞 꿟 꿠 꿡 꿔 꿕 꿖 g g weo g g weo g g g weo g g g g weo g s g g weo n g g weo nj g g weo nh g g weo d g g weo l g g weo lg g g weo lm g g weo lb g g weo ls g g weo lt 꿰 꿱 꿲 꿳 꿴 꿵 꿶 꿷 꿸 꿹 꿺 꿻 꿼 꿽 g g we g g weg g g weg g g g weg s g g wen g g wenj g g wenh g g wed g g wel g g welg g g welm g g welb g g wels g g welt 뀌 뀍 뀎 뀏 뀐 뀑 뀒 뀓 뀔 뀕 뀖 뀗 뀘 뀙 g g wi g g wig g g wig g g g wig s g g win g g winj g g winh g g wid g g wil g g wilg g g wilm g g wilb g g wils g g wilt 뀨 뀩 뀪 뀫 뀬 뀭 뀮 뀯 뀰 뀱 뀲 뀳 뀴 뀵 g g yu g g yug g g yug g g g yug s g g yun g g yunj g g yunh g g yud g g yul g g yulg g g yulm g g yulb g g yuls g g yult 끄 끅 끆 끇 끈 끉 끊 끋 끌 끍 끎 끏 끐 끑 g g eu g g eug g g eug g g g eug s g g eun g g eunj g g eunh g g eud g g eul g g eulg g g eulm g g eulb g g euls g g eult 끠 끡 끢 끣 끤 끥 끦 끧 끨 끩 끪 끫 끬 끭 g g yi g g yig g g yig g g g yig s g g yin g g yinj g g yinh g g yid g g yil g g yilg g g yilm g g yilb g g yils g g yilt 끼 끽 끾 끿 낀 낁 낂 낃 낄 낅 낆 낇 낈 낉 ggi g g ig g g ig g g g ig s g g in g g inj g g inh g g id g g il g g ilg g g ilm g g ilb g g ils g g ilt

23 ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㄲ gg ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i ㄿ lp 깚 ㅀ lh 깛 ㅁ m 깜 ㅂ b 깝 ㅄ bs 깞 ㅅ s 깟 ㅆ ss 깠 ㅇ ng 깡 ㅈ j 깢 ㅊ ch 깣 ㅋ k 깤 ㅌ t 깥 ㅍ p 깦 ㅎ h 깧 g g alp g g alh g g am g g ab g g ab s g g as g g as s g g ang g g aj g g ach g g ak g g at g g ap g g ah 깶 깷 깸 깹 깺 깻 깼 깽 깾 깿 꺀 꺁 꺂 꺃 g g aelp g g aelh g g aem g g aeb g g aeb s g g aes g g aes s g g aeng g g aej g g aech g g aek g g aet g g aep g g aeh 꺒 꺓 꺔 꺕 꺖 꺗 꺘 꺙 꺚 꺛 꺜 꺝 꺞 꺟 g g yalp g g yalh g g yam g g yab g g yab s g g yas g g yas s g g yang g g yaj g g yach g g yak g g yat g g yap g g yah 꺮 꺯 꺰 꺱 꺲 꺳 꺴 꺵 꺶 꺷 꺸 꺹 꺺 꺻 g g yaelp g g yaelh g g yaem g g yaeb g g yaeb s g g yaes g g yaes s g g yaeng g g yaej g g yaech g g yaek g g yaet g g yaep g g yaeh 껊 껋 껌 껍 껎 껏 껐 껑 껒 껓 껔 껕 껖 껗 g g eo lp g g eo lh g g eo m g g eo b g g eo b s g g eo s g g eo s s g g eo ng g g eo j g g eo ch g g eo k g g eo t g g eo p g g eo h 껦 껧 껨 껩 껪 껫 껬 껭 껮 껯 껰 껱 껲 껳 g g elp g g elh g g em g g eb g g eb s g g es g g es s g g eng g g ej g g ech g g ek g g et g g ep g g eh 꼂 꼃 꼄 꼅 꼆 꼇 꼈 꼉 꼊 꼋 꼌 꼍 꼎 꼏 g g yeo lp g g yeo lh g g yeo m g g yeo b g g yeo b s g g yeo s g g yeo s s g g yeo ng g g yeo j g g yeo ch g g yeo k g g yeo t g g yeo p g g yeo h 꼞 꼟 꼠 꼡 꼢 꼣 꼤 꼥 꼦 꼧 꼨 꼩 꼪 꼫 g g yelp g g yelh g g yem g g yeb g g yeb s g g yes g g yes s g g yeng g g yej g g yech g g yek g g yet g g yep g g yeh 꼺 꼻 꼼 꼽 꼾 꼿 꽀 꽁 꽂 꽃 꽄 꽅 꽆 꽇 g g o lp g g o lh ggom ggob ggobs ggos ggoss g g o ng ggoj g g o ch ggok ggot ggop ggoh 꽖 꽗 꽘 꽙 꽚 꽛 꽜 꽝 꽞 꽟 꽠 꽡 꽢 꽣 g g walp g g walh g g wam g g wab g g wab s g g was g g was s g g wang g g waj g g wach g g wak g g wat g g wap g g wah 꽴 꽵 꽺 꽻 꽲 꽳 g g waelp g g waelh g g waem g g waeb 꽶 꽷 꽸 꽹 g g waeb s g g waes g g waes s g g waeng g g waej g g waech 꽼 꽽 꽾 꽿 g g waek g g waet g g waep g g waeh 꾎 꾏 꾐 꾑 꾒 꾓 꾔 꾕 꾖 꾗 꾘 꾙 꾚 꾛 g g o elp g g o elh g g o em g g o eb g g o eb s g g o es g g o es s g g o eng g g o ej g g o ech g g o ek g g o et g g o ep g g o eh 꾪 꾫 꾬 꾭 꾮 꾯 꾰 꾱 꾲 꾳 꾴 꾵 꾶 꾷 g g yo lp g g yo lh g g yo m g g yo b g g yo b s g g yo s g g yo s s g g yo ng g g yo j g g yo ch g g yo k g g yo t g g yo p g g yo h 꿆 꿇 꿈 꿉 꿊 꿋 꿌 꿍 꿎 꿏 꿐 꿑 꿒 꿓 g g ulp g g ulh g g um g g ub g g ub s g g us g g us s g g ung g g uj g g uch g g uk g g ut g g up g g uh 꿣 꿤 꿥 꿦 꿧 꿨 꿩 꿪 꿫 꿬 꿭 꿮 꿢 g g weo lp g g weo lh g g weo m g g weo b g g weo b s g g weo s g g weo s s g g weo ng g g weo j g g weo ch g g weo k g g weo t g g weo p 꿯 g g weo h 꿾 꿿 뀀 뀁 뀂 뀃 뀄 뀅 뀆 뀇 뀈 뀉 뀊 뀋 g g welp g g welh g g wem g g web g g web s g g wes g g wes s g g weng g g wej g g wech g g wek g g wet g g wep g g weh 뀚 뀛 뀜 뀝 뀞 뀟 뀠 뀡 뀢 뀣 뀤 뀥 뀦 뀧 g g wilp g g wilh g g wim g g wib g g wib s g g wis g g wis s g g wing g g wij g g wich g g wik g g wit g g wip g g wih 뀶 뀷 뀸 뀹 뀺 뀻 뀼 뀽 뀾 뀿 끀 끁 끂 끃 g g yulp g g yulh g g yum g g yub g g yub s g g yus g g yus s g g yung g g yuj g g yuch g g yuk g g yut g g yup g g yuh 끒 끓 끔 끕 끖 끗 끘 끙 끚 끛 끜 끝 끞 끟 g g eulp g g eulh g g eum g g eub g g eub s g g eus g g eus s g g eung g g euj g g euch g g euk g g eut g g eup g g euh 끮 끯 끰 끱 끲 끳 끴 끵 끶 끷 끸 끹 끺 끻 g g yilp g g yilh g g yim g g yib g g yib s g g yis g g yis s g g ying g g yij g g yich g g yik g g yit g g yip g g yih 낊 낋 낌 낍 낎 낏 낐 낑 낒 낓 낔 낕 낖 낗 g g ilp g g ilh g g im g g ib g g ib s g g is g g is s g g ing g g ij g g ich g g ik g g it g g ip g g ih

24 Table 1.7: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄴ (n) ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㄴ n ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 나 ㄱ g 낙 ㄲ gg 낚 ㄳ gs 낛 ㄴ n 난 ㄵ nj 낝 ㄶ nh 낞 ㄷ d 낟 ㄹ l 날 ㄺ lg 낡 ㄻ lm 낢 ㄼ lb 낣 ㄽ ls 낤 ㄾ lt 낥 na nag nag g nag s nan nanj nanh nad nal nalg nalm nalb nals nalt 내 낵 낶 낷 낸 낹 낺 낻 낼 낽 낾 낿 냀 냁 nae naeg naeg g naeg s naen naenj naenh naed nael naelg naelm naelb naels naelt 냐 냑 냒 냓 냔 냕 냖 냗 냘 냙 냚 냛 냜 냝 nya nyag nyag g nyag s nyan nyanj nyanh nyad nyal nyalg nyalm nyalb nyals nyalt 냬 냭 냮 냯 냰 냱 냲 냳 냴 냵 냶 냷 냸 냹 nyae nyaeg nyaeg g nyaeg s nyaen nyaenj nyaenh nyaed nyael nyaelg nyaelm nyaelb nyaels nyaelt 너 넉 넊 넋 넌 넍 넎 넏 널 넑 넒 넓 넔 넕 neo neo g neo g g neo g s neo n neo nj neo nh neo d neo l neo lg neo lm neo lb neo ls neo lt 네 넥 넦 넧 넨 넩 넪 넫 넬 넭 넮 넯 넰 넱 ne neg neg g neg s nen nenj nenh ned nel nelg nelm nelb nels nelt 녀 녁 녂 녃 년 녅 녆 녇 녈 녉 녊 녋 녌 녍 nyeo nyeo g nyeo g g nyeo g s nyeo n nyeo nj nyeo nh nyeo d nyeo l nyeo lg nyeo lm nyeo lb nyeo ls nyeo lt 녜 녝 녞 녟 녠 녡 녢 녣 녤 녥 녦 녧 녨 녩 nye nyeg nyeg g nyeg s nyen nyenj nyenh nyed nyel nyelg nyelm nyelb nyels nyelt 노 녹 녺 녻 논 녽 녾 녿 놀 놁 놂 놃 놄 놅 no no g no g g no g s no n no nj no nh no d no l no lg no lm no lb no ls no lt 놔 놕 놖 놗 놘 놙 놚 놛 놜 놝 놞 놟 놠 놡 nwa nwag nwag g nwag s nwan nwanj nwanh nwad nwal nwalg nwalm nwalb nwals nwalt 놰 놱 놲 놳 놴 놵 놶 놷 놸 놹 놺 놻 놼 놽 nwae nwaeg nwaeg g nwaeg s nwaen nwaenj nwaenh nwaed nwael nwaelg nwaelm nwaelb nwaels nwaelt 뇌 뇍 뇎 뇏 뇐 뇑 뇒 뇓 뇔 뇕 뇖 뇗 뇘 뇙 no e no eg no eg g no eg s no en no enj no enh no ed no el no elg no elm no elb no els no elt 뇨 뇩 뇪 뇫 뇬 뇭 뇮 뇯 뇰 뇱 뇲 뇳 뇴 뇵 nyo nyo g nyo g g nyo g s nyo n nyo nj nyo nh nyo d nyo l nyo lg nyo lm nyo lb nyo ls nyo lt 누 눅 눆 눇 눈 눉 눊 눋 눌 눍 눎 눏 눐 눑 nu nug nug g nug s nun nunj nunh nud nul nulg nulm nulb nuls nult 눠 눡 눢 눣 눤 눥 눦 눧 눨 눩 눪 눫 눬 눭 nweo nweo g nweo g g nweo g s nweo n nweo nj nweo nh nweo d nweo l nweo lg nweo lm nweo lb nweo ls nweo lt 눼 눽 눾 눿 뉀 뉁 뉂 뉃 뉄 뉅 뉆 뉇 뉈 뉉 nwe nweg nweg g nweg s nwen nwenj nwenh nwed nwel nwelg nwelm nwelb nwels nwelt 뉘 뉙 뉚 뉛 뉜 뉝 뉞 뉟 뉠 뉡 뉢 뉣 뉤 뉥 nwi nwig nwig g nwig s nwin nwinj nwinh nwid nwil nwilg nwilm nwilb nwils nwilt 뉴 뉵 뉶 뉷 뉸 뉹 뉺 뉻 뉼 뉽 뉾 뉿 늀 늁 nyu nyug nyug g nyug s nyun nyunj nyunh nyud nyul nyulg nyulm nyulb nyuls nyult 느 늑 늒 늓 는 늕 늖 늗 늘 늙 늚 늛 늜 늝 neu neug neug g neug s neun neunj neunh neud neul neulg neulm neulb neuls neult 늬 늭 늮 늯 늰 늱 늲 늳 늴 늵 늶 늷 늸 늹 nyi nyig nyig g nyig s nyin nyinj nyinh nyid nyil nyilg nyilm nyilb nyils nyilt 니 닉 닊 닋 닌 닍 닎 닏 닐 닑 닒 닓 닔 닕 ni nig nig g nig s nin ninj ninh nid nil nilg nilm nilb nils nilt

25 ㄴ ㅏ n a ㄴ ㅐ n ae ㄴ ㅑ n ya ㄴ ㅒ n yae ㄴ ㅓ n eo ㄴ ㅔ n e ㄴ ㅕ n yeo ㄴ ㅖ n ye ㄴ ㅗ n o ㄴ ㅘ n wa ㄴ ㅙ n wae ㄴ ㅚ n oe ㄴ ㅛ n yo ㄴ ㅜ n u ㄴ ㅝ n weo ㄴ ㅞ n we ㄴ ㅟ n wi ㄴ ㅠ n yu ㄴ ㅡ n eu ㄴ ㅢ n yi ㄴ ㅣ n i ㄿ lp 낦 ㅀ lh 낧 ㅁ m 남 ㅂ b 납 ㅄ bs 낪 ㅅ s 낫 ㅆ ss 났 ㅇ ng 낭 ㅈ j 낮 ㅊ ch 낯 ㅋ k 낰 ㅌ t 낱 ㅍ p 낲 ㅎ h 낳 nalp nalh nam nab nab s nas nas s nang naj nach nak nat nap nah 냂 냃 냄 냅 냆 냇 냈 냉 냊 냋 냌 냍 냎 냏 naelp naelh naem naeb naeb s naes naes s naeng naej naech naek naet naep naeh 냞 냟 냠 냡 냢 냣 냤 냥 냦 냧 냨 냩 냪 냫 nyalp nyalh nyam nyab nyab s nyas nyas s nyang nyaj nyach nyak nyat nyap nyah 냺 냻 냼 냽 냾 냿 넀 넁 넂 넃 넄 넅 넆 넇 nyaelp nyaelh nyaem nyaeb nyaeb s nyaes nyaes s nyaeng nyaej nyaech nyaek nyaet nyaep nyaeh 넖 넗 넘 넙 넚 넛 넜 넝 넞 넟 넠 넡 넢 넣 neo lp neo lh neo m neo b neo b s neo s neo s s neo ng neo j neo ch neo k neo t neo p neo h 넲 넳 넴 넵 넶 넷 넸 넹 넺 넻 넼 넽 넾 넿 nelp nelh nem neb neb s nes nes s neng nej nech nek net nep neh 녎 녏 념 녑 녒 녓 녔 녕 녖 녗 녘 녙 녚 녛 nyeo lp nyeo lh nyeo m nyeo b nyeo b s nyeo s nyeo s s nyeo ng nyeo j nyeo ch nyeo k nyeo t nyeo p nyeo h 녪 녫 녬 녭 녮 녯 녰 녱 녲 녳 녴 녵 녶 녷 nyelp nyelh nyem nyeb nyeb s nyes nyes s nyeng nyej nyech nyek nyet nyep nyeh 놆 놇 놈 놉 놊 놋 놌 농 놎 놏 놐 놑 높 놓 no lp no lh no m no b no b s no s no s s no ng no j no ch no k no t no p no h 놢 놣 놤 놥 놦 놧 놨 놩 놪 놫 놬 놭 놮 놯 nwalp nwalh nwam nwab nwab s nwas nwas s nwang nwaj nwach nwak nwat nwap nwah 놾 놿 뇀 뇁 뇂 뇃 뇄 뇅 뇆 뇇 뇈 뇉 뇊 뇋 nwaelp nwaelh nwaem nwaeb nwaeb s nwaes nwaes s nwaeng nwaej nwaech nwaek nwaet nwaep nwaeh 뇚 뇛 뇜 뇝 뇞 뇟 뇠 뇡 뇢 뇣 뇤 뇥 뇦 뇧 no elp no elh no em no eb no eb s no es no es s no eng no ej no ech no ek no et no ep no eh 뇶 뇷 뇸 뇹 뇺 뇻 뇼 뇽 뇾 뇿 눀 눁 눂 눃 nyo lp nyo lh nyo m nyo b nyo b s nyo s nyo s s nyo ng nyo j nyo ch nyo k nyo t nyo p nyo h 눒 눓 눔 눕 눖 눗 눘 눙 눚 눛 눜 눝 눞 눟 nulp nulh num nub nub s nus nus s nung nuj nuch nuk nut nup nuh 눮 눯 눰 눱 눲 눳 눴 눵 눶 눷 눸 눹 눺 눻 nweo lp nweo lh nweo m nweo b nweo b s nweo s nweo s s nweo ng nweo j nweo ch nweo k nweo t nweo p nweo h 뉊 뉋 뉌 뉍 뉎 뉏 뉐 뉑 뉒 뉓 뉔 뉕 뉖 뉗 nwelp nwelh nwem nweb nweb s nwes nwes s nweng nwej nwech nwek nwet nwep nweh 뉦 뉧 뉨 뉩 뉪 뉫 뉬 뉭 뉮 뉯 뉰 뉱 뉲 뉳 nwilp nwilh nwim nwib nwib s nwis nwis s nwing nwij nwich nwik nwit nwip nwih 늂 늃 늄 늅 늆 늇 늈 늉 늊 늋 늌 늍 늎 늏 nyulp nyulh nyum nyub nyub s nyus nyus s nyung nyuj nyuch nyuk nyut nyup nyuh 늞 늟 늠 늡 늢 늣 늤 능 늦 늧 늨 늩 늪 늫 neulp neulh neum neub neub s neus neus s neung neuj neuch neuk neut neup neuh 늺 늻 늼 늽 늾 늿 닀 닁 닂 닃 닄 닅 닆 닇 nyilp nyilh nyim nyib nyib s nyis nyis s nying nyij nyich nyik nyit nyip nyih 닖 닗 님 닙 닚 닛 닜 닝 닞 닟 닠 닡 닢 닣 nilp nilh nim nib nib s nis nis s ning nij nich nik nit nip nih

26 Table 1.8: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄷ (d) ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㄷ d ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 다 ㄱ g 닥 ㄲ gg 닦 ㄳ gs 닧 ㄴ n 단 ㄵ nj 닩 ㄶ nh 닪 ㄷ d 닫 ㄹ l 달 ㄺ lg 닭 ㄻ lm 닮 ㄼ lb 닯 ㄽ ls 닰 ㄾ lt 닱 da d ag d ag g d ag s d an d anj d anh d ad d al d alg d alm d alb d als d alt 대 댁 댂 댃 댄 댅 댆 댇 댈 댉 댊 댋 댌 댍 d ae d aeg d aeg g d aeg s d aen d aenj d aenh d aed d ael d aelg d aelm d aelb d aels d aelt 댜 댝 댞 댟 댠 댡 댢 댣 댤 댥 댦 댧 댨 댩 d ya d yag d yag g d yag s d yan d yanj d yanh d yad d yal d yalg d yalm d yalb d yals d yalt 댸 댹 댺 댻 댼 댽 댾 댿 덀 덁 덂 덃 덄 덅 d yae d yaeg d yaeg g d yaeg s d yaen d yaenj d yaenh d yaed d yael d yaelg d yaelm d yaelb d yaels d yaelt 더 덕 덖 덗 던 덙 덚 덛 덜 덝 덞 덟 덠 덡 d eo d eo g d eo g g d eo g s d eo n d eo nj d eo nh d eo d d eo l d eo lg d eo lm d eo lb d eo ls d eo lt 데 덱 덲 덳 덴 덵 덶 덷 델 덹 덺 덻 덼 덽 de d eg d eg g d eg s d en d enj d enh d ed d el d elg d elm d elb d els d elt 뎌 뎍 뎎 뎏 뎐 뎑 뎒 뎓 뎔 뎕 뎖 뎗 뎘 뎙 d yeo d yeo g d yeo g g d yeo g s d yeo n d yeo nj d yeo nh d yeo d d yeo l d yeo lg d yeo lm d yeo lb d yeo ls d yeo lt 뎨 뎩 뎪 뎫 뎬 뎭 뎮 뎯 뎰 뎱 뎲 뎳 뎴 뎵 d ye d yeg d yeg g d yeg s d yen d yenj d yenh d yed d yel d yelg d yelm d yelb d yels d yelt 도 독 돆 돇 돈 돉 돊 돋 돌 돍 돎 돏 돐 돑 do dog dogg dogs don d o nj d o nh dod dol d o lg d o lm d o lb d o ls d o lt 돠 돡 돢 돣 돤 돥 돦 돧 돨 돩 돪 돫 돬 돭 d wa d wag d wag g d wag s d wan d wanj d wanh d wad d wal d walg d walm d walb d wals d walt 돼 돽 돾 돿 됀 됁 됂 됃 됄 됅 됆 됇 됈 됉 d wae d waeg d waeg g d waeg s d waen d waenj d waenh d waed d wael d waelg d waelm d waelb d waels d waelt 되 됙 됚 됛 된 됝 됞 됟 될 됡 됢 됣 됤 됥 doe d o eg d o eg g d o eg s d o en d o enj d o enh d o ed d o el d o elg d o elm d o elb d o els d o elt 됴 됵 됶 됷 됸 됹 됺 됻 됼 됽 됾 됿 둀 둁 d yo d yo g d yo g g d yo g s d yo n d yo nj d yo nh d yo d d yo l d yo lg d yo lm d yo lb d yo ls d yo lt 두 둑 둒 둓 둔 둕 둖 둗 둘 둙 둚 둛 둜 둝 du d ug d ug g d ug s d un d unj d unh d ud d ul d ulg d ulm d ulb d uls d ult 둬 둭 둮 둯 둰 둱 둲 둳 둴 둵 둶 둷 둸 둹 d weo d weo g d weo g g d weo g s d weo n d weo nj d weo nh d weo d d weo l d weo lg d weo lm d weo lb d weo ls d weo lt 뒈 뒉 뒊 뒋 뒌 뒍 뒎 뒏 뒐 뒑 뒒 뒓 뒔 뒕 d we d weg d weg g d weg s d wen d wenj d wenh d wed d wel d welg d welm d welb d wels d welt 뒤 뒥 뒦 뒧 뒨 뒩 뒪 뒫 뒬 뒭 뒮 뒯 뒰 뒱 d wi d wig d wig g d wig s d win d winj d winh d wid d wil d wilg d wilm d wilb d wils d wilt 듀 듁 듂 듃 듄 듅 듆 듇 듈 듉 듊 듋 듌 듍 d yu d yug d yug g d yug s d yun d yunj d yunh d yud d yul d yulg d yulm d yulb d yuls d yult 드 득 듞 듟 든 듡 듢 듣 들 듥 듦 듧 듨 듩 d eu d eug d eug g d eug s d eun d eunj d eunh d eud d eul d eulg d eulm d eulb d euls d eult 듸 듹 듺 듻 듼 듽 듾 듿 딀 딁 딂 딃 딄 딅 d yi d yig d yig g d yig s d yin d yinj d yinh d yid d yil d yilg d yilm d yilb d yils d yilt 디 딕 딖 딗 딘 딙 딚 딛 딜 딝 딞 딟 딠 딡 di d ig d ig g d ig s d in d inj d inh d id d il d ilg d ilm d ilb d ils d ilt

27 ㄷ ㅏ d a ㄷ ㅐ d ae ㄷ ㅑ d ya ㄷ ㅒ d yae ㄷ ㅓ d eo ㄷ ㅔ d e ㄷ ㅕ d yeo ㄷ ㅖ d ye ㄷ ㅗ d o ㄷ ㅘ d wa ㄷ ㅙ d wae ㄷ ㅚ d oe ㄷ ㅛ d yo ㄷ ㅜ d u ㄷ ㅝ d weo ㄷ ㅞ d we ㄷ ㅟ d wi ㄷ ㅠ d yu ㄷ ㅡ d eu ㄷ ㅢ d yi ㄷ ㅣ d i ㄿ lp 닲 ㅀ lh 닳 ㅁ m 담 ㅂ b 답 ㅄ bs 닶 ㅅ s 닷 ㅆ ss 닸 ㅇ ng 당 ㅈ j 닺 ㅊ ch 닻 ㅋ k 닼 ㅌ t 닽 ㅍ p 닾 ㅎ h 닿 d alp d alh d am d ab d ab s d as d as s d ang d aj d ach d ak d at d ap d ah 댎 댏 댐 댑 댒 댓 댔 댕 댖 댗 댘 댙 댚 댛 d aelp d aelh d aem d aeb d aeb s d aes d aes s d aeng d aej d aech d aek d aet d aep d aeh 댪 댫 댬 댭 댮 댯 댰 댱 댲 댳 댴 댵 댶 댷 d yalp d yalh d yam d yab d yab s d yas d yas s d yang d yaj d yach d yak d yat d yap d yah 덆 덇 덈 덉 덊 덋 덌 덍 덎 덏 덐 덑 덒 덓 d yaelp d yaelh d yaem d yaeb d yaeb s d yaes d yaes s d yaeng d yaej d yaech d yaek d yaet d yaep d yaeh 덢 덣 덤 덥 덦 덧 덨 덩 덪 덫 덬 덭 덮 덯 d eo lp d eo lh d eo m d eo b d eo b s d eo s d eo s s d eo ng d eo j d eo ch d eo k d eo t d eo p d eo h 덾 덿 뎀 뎁 뎂 뎃 뎄 뎅 뎆 뎇 뎈 뎉 뎊 뎋 d elp d elh d em d eb d eb s d es d es s d eng d ej d ech d ek d et d ep d eh 뎚 뎛 뎜 뎝 뎞 뎟 뎠 뎡 뎢 뎣 뎤 뎥 뎦 뎧 d yeo lp d yeo lh d yeo m d yeo b d yeo b s d yeo s d yeo s s d yeo ng d yeo j d yeo ch d yeo k d yeo t d yeo p d yeo h 뎶 뎷 뎸 뎹 뎺 뎻 뎼 뎽 뎾 뎿 돀 돁 돂 돃 d yelp d yelh d yem d yeb d yeb s d yes d yes s d yeng d yej d yech d yek d yet d yep d yeh 돒 돓 돔 돕 돖 돗 돘 동 돚 돛 돜 돝 돞 돟 d o lp d o lh dom dob dobs dos doss d o ng doj d o ch dok dot dop doh 돮 돯 돰 돱 돲 돳 돴 돵 돶 돷 돸 돹 돺 돻 d walp d walh d wam d wab d wab s d was d was s d wang d waj d wach d wak d wat d wap d wah 됊 됋 됌 됍 됎 됏 됐 됑 됒 됓 됔 됕 됖 됗 d waelp d waelh d waem d waeb d waeb s d waes d waes s d waeng d waej d waech d waek d waet d waep d waeh 됦 됧 됨 됩 됪 됫 됬 됭 됮 됯 됰 됱 됲 됳 d o elp d o elh d o em d o eb d o eb s d o es d o es s d o eng d o ej d o ech d o ek d o et d o ep d o eh 둂 둃 둄 둅 둆 둇 둈 둉 둊 둋 둌 둍 둎 둏 d yo lp d yo lh d yo m d yo b d yo b s d yo s d yo s s d yo ng d yo j d yo ch d yo k d yo t d yo p d yo h 둞 둟 둠 둡 둢 둣 둤 둥 둦 둧 둨 둩 둪 둫 d ulp d ulh d um d ub d ub s d us d us s d ung d uj d uch d uk d ut d up d uh 둺 둻 둼 둽 둾 둿 뒀 뒁 뒂 뒃 뒄 뒅 뒆 뒇 d weo lp d weo lh d weo m d weo b d weo b s d weo s d weo s s d weo ng d weo j d weo ch d weo k d weo t d weo p d weo h 뒖 뒗 뒘 뒙 뒚 뒛 뒜 뒝 뒞 뒟 뒠 뒡 뒢 뒣 d welp d welh d wem d web d web s d wes d wes s d weng d wej d wech d wek d wet d wep d weh 뒲 뒳 뒴 뒵 뒶 뒷 뒸 뒹 뒺 뒻 뒼 뒽 뒾 뒿 d wilp d wilh d wim d wib d wib s d wis d wis s d wing d wij d wich d wik d wit d wip d wih 듎 듏 듐 듑 듒 듓 듔 듕 듖 듗 듘 듙 듚 듛 d yulp d yulh d yum d yub d yub s d yus d yus s d yung d yuj d yuch d yuk d yut d yup d yuh 듪 듫 듬 듭 듮 듯 듰 등 듲 듳 듴 듵 듶 듷 d eulp d eulh d eum d eub d eub s d eus d eus s d eung d euj d euch d euk d eut d eup d euh 딆 딇 딈 딉 딊 딋 딌 딍 딎 딏 딐 딑 딒 딓 d yilp d yilh d yim d yib d yib s d yis d yis s d ying d yij d yich d yik d yit d yip d yih 딢 딣 딤 딥 딦 딧 딨 딩 딪 딫 딬 딭 딮 딯 d ilp d ilh d im d ib d ib s d is d is s d ing d ij d ich d ik d it d ip d ih

28 Table 1.9: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄸ (dd) ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 따 ㄱ g 딱 ㄲ gg 딲 ㄳ gs 딳 ㄴ n 딴 ㄵ nj 딵 ㄶ nh 딶 ㄷ d 딷 ㄹ l 딸 ㄺ lg 딹 ㄻ lm 딺 ㄼ lb 딻 ㄽ ls 딼 ㄾ lt 딽 d d alt dda d d ag d d ag g d d ag s d d an d d anj d d anh d d ad d d al d d alg d d alm d d alb d d als 때 땍 땎 땏 땐 땑 땒 땓 땔 땕 땖 땗 땘 땙 d d ae d d aeg d d aeg g d d aeg s d d aen d d aenj d d aenh d d aed d d ael d d aelg d d aelm d d aelb d d aels d d aelt 땨 땩 땪 땫 땬 땭 땮 땯 땰 땱 땲 땳 땴 땵 d d ya d d yag d d yag g d d yag s d d yan d d yanj d d yanh d d yad d d yal d d yalg d d yalm d d yalb d d yals d d yalt 떄 떅 떆 떇 떈 떉 떊 떋 떌 떍 떎 떏 떐 떑 d d yae d d yaeg d d yaeg g d d yaeg s d d yaen d d yaenj d d yaenh d d yaed d d yael d d yaelg d d yaelm d d yaelb d d yaels d d yaelt 떠 떡 떢 떣 떤 떥 떦 떧 떨 떩 떪 떫 떬 떭 d d eo d d eo g d d eo g g d d eo g s d d eo n d d eo nj d d eo nh d d eo d d d eo l d d eo lg d d eo lm d d eo lb d d eo ls d d eo lt 떼 떽 떾 떿 뗀 뗁 뗂 뗃 뗄 뗅 뗆 뗇 뗈 뗉 dde d d eg d d eg g d d eg s d d en d d enj d d enh d d ed d d el d d elg d d elm d d elb d d els d d elt 뗘 뗙 뗚 뗛 뗜 뗝 뗞 뗟 뗠 뗡 뗢 뗣 뗤 뗥 d d yeo d d yeo g d d yeo g g d d yeo g s d d yeo n d d yeo nj d d yeo nh d d yeo d d d yeo l d d yeo lg d d yeo lm d d yeo lb d d yeo ls d d yeo lt 뗴 뗵 뗶 뗷 뗸 뗹 뗺 뗻 뗼 뗽 뗾 뗿 똀 똁 d d ye d d yeg d d yeg g d d yeg s d d yen d d yenj d d yenh d d yed d d yel d d yelg d d yelm d d yelb d d yels d d yelt 또 똑 똒 똓 똔 똕 똖 똗 똘 똙 똚 똛 똜 똝 ddo ddog ddogg ddogs ddon d d o nj d d o nh ddod ddol d d o lg d d o lm d d o lb d d o ls d d o lt 똬 똭 똮 똯 똰 똱 똲 똳 똴 똵 똶 똷 똸 똹 d d wa d d wag d d wag g d d wag s d d wan d d wanj d d wanh d d wad d d wal d d walg d d walm d d walb d d wals d d walt 뙍 뙎 뙐 뙑 뙒 뙓 뙈 뙉 뙊 뙋 뙌 d d wae d d waeg d d waeg g d d waeg s d d waen d d waenj d d waenh 뙏 d d waed d d wael d d waelg d d waelm d d waelb 뙔 뙕 d d waels d d waelt 뙤 뙥 뙦 뙧 뙨 뙩 뙪 뙫 뙬 뙭 뙮 뙯 뙰 뙱 ddoe d d o eg d d o eg g d d o eg s d d o en d d o enj d d o enh d d o ed d d o el d d o elg d d o elm d d o elb d d o els d d o elt 뚀 뚁 뚂 뚃 뚄 뚅 뚆 뚇 뚈 뚉 뚊 뚋 뚌 뚍 d d yo d d yo g d d yo g g d d yo g s d d yo n d d yo nj d d yo nh d d yo d d d yo l d d yo lg d d yo lm d d yo lb d d yo ls d d yo lt 뚜 뚝 뚞 뚟 뚠 뚡 뚢 뚣 뚤 뚥 뚦 뚧 뚨 뚩 ddu d d ug d d ug g d d ug s d d un d d unj d d unh d d ud d d ul d d ulg d d ulm d d ulb d d uls d d ult 뚻 뚼 뚽 뚾 뚿 뛀 뛁 뛂 뛃 뛄 뛅 뚸 뚹 뚺 d d weo d d weo g d d weo g g d d weo g s d d weo n d d weo nj d d weo nh d d weo d d d weo l d d weo lg d d weo lm d d weo lb d d weo ls d d weo lt 뛔 뛕 뛖 뛗 뛘 뛙 뛚 뛛 뛜 뛝 뛞 뛟 뛠 뛡 d d we d d weg d d weg g d d weg s d d wen d d wenj d d wenh d d wed d d wel d d welg d d welm d d welb d d wels d d welt 뛰 뛱 뛲 뛳 뛴 뛵 뛶 뛷 뛸 뛹 뛺 뛻 뛼 뛽 d d wi d d wig d d wig g d d wig s d d win d d winj d d winh d d wid d d wil d d wilg d d wilm d d wilb d d wils d d wilt 뜌 뜍 뜎 뜏 뜐 뜑 뜒 뜓 뜔 뜕 뜖 뜗 뜘 뜙 d d yu d d yug d d yug g d d yug s d d yun d d yunj d d yunh d d yud d d yul d d yulg d d yulm d d yulb d d yuls d d yult 뜨 뜩 뜪 뜫 뜬 뜭 뜮 뜯 뜰 뜱 뜲 뜳 뜴 뜵 d d eu d d eug d d eug g d d eug s d d eun d d eunj d d eunh d d eud d d eul d d eulg d d eulm d d eulb d d euls d d eult 띄 띅 띆 띇 띈 띉 띊 띋 띌 띍 띎 띏 띐 띑 d d yi d d yig d d yig g d d yig s d d yin d d yinj d d yinh d d yid d d yil d d yilg d d yilm d d yilb d d yils d d yilt 띠 띡 띢 띣 띤 띥 띦 띧 띨 띩 띪 띫 띬 띭 ddi d d ig d d ig g d d ig s d d in d d inj d d inh d d id d d il d d ilg d d ilm d d ilb d d ils d d ilt

29 ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㄸ dd ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i ㄿ lp 딾 ㅀ lh 딿 ㅁ m 땀 ㅂ b 땁 ㅄ bs 땂 ㅅ s 땃 ㅆ ss 땄 ㅇ ng 땅 ㅈ j 땆 ㅊ ch 땇 ㅋ k 땈 ㅌ t 땉 ㅍ p 땊 ㅎ h 땋 d d alp d d alh d d am d d ab d d ab s d d as d d as s d d ang d d aj d d ach d d ak d d at d d ap d d ah 땚 땛 땜 땝 땞 땟 땠 땡 땢 땣 땤 땥 땦 땧 d d aelp d d aelh d d aem d d aeb d d aeb s d d aes d d aes s d d aeng d d aej d d aech d d aek d d aet d d aep d d aeh 땶 땷 땸 땹 땺 땻 땼 땽 땾 땿 떀 떁 떂 떃 d d yalp d d yalh d d yam d d yab d d yab s d d yas d d yas s d d yang d d yaj d d yach d d yak d d yat d d yap d d yah 떒 떓 떔 떕 떖 떗 떘 떙 떚 떛 떜 떝 떞 떟 d d yaelp d d yaelh d d yaem d d yaeb d d yaeb s d d yaes d d yaes s d d yaeng d d yaej d d yaech d d yaek d d yaet d d yaep d d yaeh 떮 떯 떰 떱 떲 떳 떴 떵 떶 떷 떸 떹 떺 떻 d d eo lp d d eo lh d d eo m d d eo b d d eo b s d d eo s d d eo s s d d eo ng d d eo j d d eo ch d d eo k d d eo t d d eo p d d eo h 뗊 뗋 뗌 뗍 뗎 뗏 뗐 뗑 뗒 뗓 뗔 뗕 뗖 뗗 d d elp d d elh d d em d d eb d d eb s d d es d d es s d d eng d d ej d d ech d d ek d d et d d ep d d eh 뗦 뗧 뗨 뗩 뗪 뗫 뗬 뗭 뗮 뗯 뗰 뗱 뗲 뗳 d d yeo lp d d yeo lh d d yeo m d d yeo b d d yeo b s d d yeo s d d yeo s s d d yeo ng d d yeo j d d yeo ch d d yeo k d d yeo t d d yeo p d d yeo h 똂 똃 똄 똅 똆 똇 똈 똉 똊 똋 똌 똍 똎 똏 d d yelp d d yelh d d yem d d yeb d d yeb s d d yes d d yes s d d yeng d d yej d d yech d d yek d d yet d d yep d d yeh 똞 똟 똠 똡 똢 똣 똤 똥 똦 똧 똨 똩 똪 똫 d d o lp d d o lh ddom ddob ddobs ddos ddoss d d o ng ddoj d d o ch ddok ddot ddop ddoh 똺 똻 똼 똽 똾 똿 뙀 뙁 뙂 뙃 뙄 뙅 뙆 뙇 d d walp d d walh d d wam d d wab d d wab s d d was d d was s d d wang d d waj d d wach d d wak d d wat d d wap d d wah 뙘 뙙 뙞 뙟 뙖 뙗 d d waelp d d waelh d d waem d d waeb 뙚 뙛 뙜 뙝 d d waeb s d d waes d d waes s d d waeng d d waej d d waech 뙠 뙡 뙢 뙣 d d waek d d waet d d waep d d waeh 뙲 뙳 뙴 뙵 뙶 뙷 뙸 뙹 뙺 뙻 뙼 뙽 뙾 뙿 d d o elp d d o elh d d o em d d o eb d d o eb s d d o es d d o es s d d o eng d d o ej d d o ech d d o ek d d o et d d o ep d d o eh 뚎 뚏 뚐 뚑 뚒 뚓 뚔 뚕 뚖 뚗 뚘 뚙 뚚 뚛 d d yo lp d d yo lh d d yo m d d yo b d d yo b s d d yo s d d yo s s d d yo ng d d yo j d d yo ch d d yo k d d yo t d d yo p d d yo h 뚪 뚫 뚬 뚭 뚮 뚯 뚰 뚱 뚲 뚳 뚴 뚵 뚶 뚷 d d ulp d d ulh d d um d d ub d d ub s d d us d d us s d d ung d d uj d d uch d d uk d d ut d d up d d uh 뛇 뛈 뛉 뛊 뛋 뛌 뛍 뛎 뛏 뛐 뛑 뛒 뛆 d d weo lp d d weo lh d d weo m d d weo b d d weo b s d d weo s d d weo s s d d weo ng d d weo j d d weo ch d d weo k d d weo t d d weo p 뛓 d d weo h 뛢 뛣 뛤 뛥 뛦 뛧 뛨 뛩 뛪 뛫 뛬 뛭 뛮 뛯 d d welp d d welh d d wem d d web d d web s d d wes d d wes s d d weng d d wej d d wech d d wek d d wet d d wep d d weh 뛾 뛿 뜀 뜁 뜂 뜃 뜄 뜅 뜆 뜇 뜈 뜉 뜊 뜋 d d wilp d d wilh d d wim d d wib d d wib s d d wis d d wis s d d wing d d wij d d wich d d wik d d wit d d wip d d wih 뜚 뜛 뜜 뜝 뜞 뜟 뜠 뜡 뜢 뜣 뜤 뜥 뜦 뜧 d d yulp d d yulh d d yum d d yub d d yub s d d yus d d yus s d d yung d d yuj d d yuch d d yuk d d yut d d yup d d yuh 뜶 뜷 뜸 뜹 뜺 뜻 뜼 뜽 뜾 뜿 띀 띁 띂 띃 d d eulp d d eulh d d eum d d eub d d eub s d d eus d d eus s d d eung d d euj d d euch d d euk d d eut d d eup d d euh 띒 띓 띔 띕 띖 띗 띘 띙 띚 띛 띜 띝 띞 띟 d d yilp d d yilh d d yim d d yib d d yib s d d yis d d yis s d d ying d d yij d d yich d d yik d d yit d d yip d d yih 띮 띯 띰 띱 띲 띳 띴 띵 띶 띷 띸 띹 띺 띻 d d ilp d d ilh d d im d d ib d d ib s d d is d d is s d d ing d d ij d d ich d d ik d d it d d ip d d ih

30 Table 1.10: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㄹ (r) ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㄹ r ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 라 ㄱ g 락 ㄲ gg 띾 ㄳ gs 띿 ㄴ n 란 ㄵ nj 랁 ㄶ nh 랂 ㄷ d 랃 ㄹ l 랄 ㄺ lg 랅 ㄻ lm 랆 ㄼ lb 랇 ㄽ ls 랈 ㄾ lt 랉 ra rag rag g rag s ran ranj ranh rad ral ralg ralm ralb rals ralt 래 랙 랚 랛 랜 랝 랞 랟 랠 랡 랢 랣 랤 랥 rae raeg raeg g raeg s raen raenj raenh raed rael raelg raelm raelb raels raelt 랴 략 랶 랷 랸 랹 랺 랻 랼 랽 랾 랿 럀 럁 rya ryag ryag g ryag s ryan ryanj ryanh ryad ryal ryalg ryalm ryalb ryals ryalt 럐 럑 럒 럓 럔 럕 럖 럗 럘 럙 럚 럛 럜 럝 ryae ryaeg ryaeg g ryaeg s ryaen ryaenj ryaenh ryaed ryael ryaelg ryaelm ryaelb ryaels ryaelt 러 럭 럮 럯 런 럱 럲 럳 럴 럵 럶 럷 럸 럹 reo reo g reo g g reo g s reo n reo nj reo nh reo d reo l reo lg reo lm reo lb reo ls reo lt 레 렉 렊 렋 렌 렍 렎 렏 렐 렑 렒 렓 렔 렕 re reg reg g reg s ren renj renh red rel relg relm relb rels relt 려 력 렦 렧 련 렩 렪 렫 렬 렭 렮 렯 렰 렱 ryeo ryeo g ryeo g g ryeo g s ryeo n ryeo nj ryeo nh ryeo d ryeo l ryeo lg ryeo lm ryeo lb ryeo ls ryeo lt 례 롁 롂 롃 롄 롅 롆 롇 롈 롉 롊 롋 롌 롍 rye ryeg ryeg g ryeg s ryen ryenj ryenh ryed ryel ryelg ryelm ryelb ryels ryelt 로 록 롞 롟 론 롡 롢 롣 롤 롥 롦 롧 롨 롩 ro ro g ro g g ro g s ro n ro nj ro nh ro d ro l ro lg ro lm ro lb ro ls ro lt 롸 롹 롺 롻 롼 롽 롾 롿 뢀 뢁 뢂 뢃 뢄 뢅 rwa rwag rwag g rwag s rwan rwanj rwanh rwad rwal rwalg rwalm rwalb rwals rwalt 뢔 뢕 뢖 뢗 뢘 뢙 뢚 뢛 뢜 뢝 뢞 뢟 뢠 뢡 rwae rwaeg rwaeg g rwaeg s rwaen rwaenj rwaenh rwaed rwael rwaelg rwaelm rwaelb rwaels rwaelt 뢰 뢱 뢲 뢳 뢴 뢵 뢶 뢷 뢸 뢹 뢺 뢻 뢼 뢽 ro e ro eg ro eg g ro eg s ro en ro enj ro enh ro ed ro el ro elg ro elm ro elb ro els ro elt 료 룍 룎 룏 룐 룑 룒 룓 룔 룕 룖 룗 룘 룙 ryo ryo g ryo g g ryo g s ryo n ryo nj ryo nh ryo d ryo l ryo lg ryo lm ryo lb ryo ls ryo lt 루 룩 룪 룫 룬 룭 룮 룯 룰 룱 룲 룳 룴 룵 ru rug rug g rug s run runj runh rud rul rulg rulm rulb ruls rult 뤄 뤅 뤆 뤇 뤈 뤉 뤊 뤋 뤌 뤍 뤎 뤏 뤐 뤑 rweo rweo g rweo g g rweo g s rweo n rweo nj rweo nh rweo d rweo l rweo lg rweo lm rweo lb rweo ls rweo lt 뤠 뤡 뤢 뤣 뤤 뤥 뤦 뤧 뤨 뤩 뤪 뤫 뤬 뤭 rwe rweg rweg g rweg s rwen rwenj rwenh rwed rwel rwelg rwelm rwelb rwels rwelt 뤼 뤽 뤾 뤿 륀 륁 륂 륃 륄 륅 륆 륇 륈 륉 rwi rwig rwig g rwig s rwin rwinj rwinh rwid rwil rwilg rwilm rwilb rwils rwilt 류 륙 륚 륛 륜 륝 륞 륟 률 륡 륢 륣 륤 륥 ryu ryug ryug g ryug s ryun ryunj ryunh ryud ryul ryulg ryulm ryulb ryuls ryult 르 륵 륶 륷 른 륹 륺 륻 를 륽 륾 륿 릀 릁 reu reug reug g reug s reun reunj reunh reud reul reulg reulm reulb reuls reult 릐 릑 릒 릓 릔 릕 릖 릗 릘 릙 릚 릛 릜 릝 ryi ryig ryig g ryig s ryin ryinj ryinh ryid ryil ryilg ryilm ryilb ryils ryilt 리 릭 릮 릯 린 릱 릲 릳 릴 릵 릶 릷 릸 릹 ri rig rig g rig s rin rinj rinh rid ril rilg rilm rilb rils rilt

31 ㄹ ㅏ r a ㄹ ㅐ r ae ㄹ ㅑ r ya ㄹ ㅒ r yae ㄹ ㅓ r eo ㄹ ㅔ r e ㄹ ㅕ r yeo ㄹ ㅖ r ye ㄹ ㅗ r o ㄹ ㅘ r wa ㄹ ㅙ r wae ㄹ ㅚ r oe ㄹ ㅛ r yo ㄹ ㅜ r u ㄹ ㅝ r weo ㄹ ㅞ r we ㄹ ㅟ r wi ㄹ ㅠ r yu ㄹ ㅡ r eu ㄹ ㅢ r yi ㄹ ㅣ r i ㄿ lp 랊 ㅀ lh 랋 ㅁ m 람 ㅂ b 랍 ㅄ bs 랎 ㅅ s 랏 ㅆ ss 랐 ㅇ ng 랑 ㅈ j 랒 ㅊ ch 랓 ㅋ k 랔 ㅌ t 랕 ㅍ p 랖 ㅎ h 랗 ralp ralh ram rab rab s ras ras s rang raj rach rak rat rap rah 랳 랦 랧 램 랩 랪 랫 랬 랭 랮 랯 랰 랱 랲 raelp raelh raem raeb raeb s raes raes s raeng raej raech raek raet raep raeh 럂 럃 럄 럅 럆 럇 럈 량 럊 럋 럌 럍 럎 럏 ryalp ryalh ryam ryab ryab s ryas ryas s ryang ryaj ryach ryak ryat ryap ryah 럞 럟 럠 럡 럢 럣 럤 럥 럦 럧 럨 럩 럪 럫 ryaelp ryaelh ryaem ryaeb ryaeb s ryaes ryaes s ryaeng ryaej ryaech ryaek ryaet ryaep ryaeh 럺 럻 럼 럽 럾 럿 렀 렁 렂 렃 렄 렅 렆 렇 reo lp reo lh reo m reo b reo b s reo s reo s s reo ng reo j reo ch reo k reo t reo p reo h 렖 렗 렘 렙 렚 렛 렜 렝 렞 렟 렠 렡 렢 렣 relp relh rem reb reb s res res s reng rej rech rek ret rep reh 렲 렳 렴 렵 렶 렷 렸 령 렺 렻 렼 렽 렾 렿 ryeo lp ryeo lh ryeo m ryeo b ryeo b s ryeo s ryeo s s ryeo ng ryeo j ryeo ch ryeo k ryeo t ryeo p ryeo h 롛 롎 롏 롐 롑 롒 롓 롔 롕 롖 롗 롘 롙 롚 ryelp ryelh ryem ryeb ryeb s ryes ryes s ryeng ryej ryech ryek ryet ryep ryeh 롪 롫 롬 롭 롮 롯 롰 롱 롲 롳 롴 롵 롶 롷 ro lp ro lh ro m ro b ro b s ro s ro s s ro ng ro j ro ch ro k ro t ro p ro h 뢆 뢇 뢈 뢉 뢊 뢋 뢌 뢍 뢎 뢏 뢐 뢑 뢒 뢓 rwalp rwalh rwam rwab rwab s rwas rwas s rwang rwaj rwach rwak rwat rwap rwah 뢢 뢣 뢤 뢥 뢦 뢧 뢨 뢩 뢪 뢫 뢬 뢭 뢮 뢯 rwaelp rwaelh rwaem rwaeb rwaeb s rwaes rwaes s rwaeng rwaej rwaech rwaek rwaet rwaep rwaeh 뢾 뢿 룀 룁 룂 룃 룄 룅 룆 룇 룈 룉 룊 룋 ro elp ro elh ro em ro eb ro eb s ro es ro es s ro eng ro ej ro ech ro ek ro et ro ep ro eh 룚 룛 룜 룝 룞 룟 룠 룡 룢 룣 룤 룥 룦 룧 ryo lp ryo lh ryo m ryo b ryo b s ryo s ryo s s ryo ng ryo j ryo ch ryo k ryo t ryo p ryo h 룶 룷 룸 룹 룺 룻 룼 룽 룾 룿 뤀 뤁 뤂 뤃 rulp rulh rum rub rub s rus rus s rung ruj ruch ruk rut rup ruh 뤒 뤓 뤔 뤕 뤖 뤗 뤘 뤙 뤚 뤛 뤜 뤝 뤞 뤟 rweo lp rweo lh rweo m rweo b rweo b s rweo s rweo s s rweo ng rweo j rweo ch rweo k rweo t rweo p rweo h 뤮 뤯 뤰 뤱 뤲 뤳 뤴 뤵 뤶 뤷 뤸 뤹 뤺 뤻 rwelp rwelh rwem rweb rweb s rwes rwes s rweng rwej rwech rwek rwet rwep rweh 륊 륋 륌 륍 륎 륏 륐 륑 륒 륓 륔 륕 륖 륗 rwilp rwilh rwim rwib rwib s rwis rwis s rwing rwij rwich rwik rwit rwip rwih 륳 륦 륧 륨 륩 륪 륫 륬 륭 륮 륯 륰 륱 륲 ryulp ryulh ryum ryub ryub s ryus ryus s ryung ryuj ryuch ryuk ryut ryup ryuh 릂 릃 름 릅 릆 릇 릈 릉 릊 릋 릌 릍 릎 릏 reulp reulh reum reub reub s reus reus s reung reuj reuch reuk reut reup reuh 릞 릟 릠 릡 릢 릣 릤 릥 릦 릧 릨 릩 릪 릫 ryilp ryilh ryim ryib ryib s ryis ryis s rying ryij ryich ryik ryit ryip ryih 릺 릻 림 립 릾 릿 맀 링 맂 맃 맄 맅 맆 맇 rilp rilh rim rib rib s ris ris s ring rij rich rik rit rip rih

32 Table 1.11: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅁ (m) ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅁ m ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 마 ㄱ g 막 ㄲ gg 맊 ㄳ gs 맋 ㄴ n 만 ㄵ nj 맍 ㄶ nh 많 ㄷ d 맏 ㄹ l 말 ㄺ lg 맑 ㄻ lm 맒 ㄼ lb 맓 ㄽ ls 맔 ㄾ lt 맕 malt ma mag mag g mag s man manj manh mad mal malg malm malb mals 매 맥 맦 맧 맨 맩 맪 맫 맬 맭 맮 맯 맰 맱 mae maeg maeg g maeg s maen maenj maenh maed mael maelg maelm maelb maels maelt 먀 먁 먂 먃 먄 먅 먆 먇 먈 먉 먊 먋 먌 먍 mya myag myag g myag s myan myanj myanh myad myal myalg myalm myalb myals myalt 먜 먝 먞 먟 먠 먡 먢 먣 먤 먥 먦 먧 먨 먩 myae myaeg myaeg g myaeg s myaen myaenj myaenh myaed myael myaelg myaelm myaelb myaels myaelt 머 먹 먺 먻 먼 먽 먾 먿 멀 멁 멂 멃 멄 멅 meo meo g meo g g meo g s meo n meo nj meo nh meo d meo l meo lg meo lm meo lb meo ls meo lt 메 멕 멖 멗 멘 멙 멚 멛 멜 멝 멞 멟 멠 멡 me meg meg g meg s men menj menh med mel melg melm melb mels melt 며 멱 멲 멳 면 멵 멶 멷 멸 멹 멺 멻 멼 멽 myeo myeo g myeo g g myeo g s myeo n myeo nj myeo nh myeo d myeo l myeo lg myeo lm myeo lb myeo ls myeo lt 몌 몍 몎 몏 몐 몑 몒 몓 몔 몕 몖 몗 몘 몙 mye myeg myeg g myeg s myen myenj myenh myed myel myelg myelm myelb myels myelt 모 목 몪 몫 몬 몭 몮 몯 몰 몱 몲 몳 몴 몵 mo mo g mo g g mo g s mo n mo nj mo nh mo d mo l mo lg mo lm mo lb mo ls mo lt 뫄 뫅 뫆 뫇 뫈 뫉 뫊 뫋 뫌 뫍 뫎 뫏 뫐 뫑 mwa mwag mwag g mwag s mwan mwanj mwanh mwad mwal mwalg mwalm mwalb mwals mwalt 뫠 뫡 뫢 뫣 뫤 뫥 뫦 뫧 뫨 뫩 뫪 뫫 뫬 뫭 mwae mwaeg mwaeg g mwaeg s mwaen mwaenj mwaenh mwaed mwael mwaelg mwaelm mwaelb mwaels mwaelt 뫼 뫽 뫾 뫿 묀 묁 묂 묃 묄 묅 묆 묇 묈 묉 mo e mo eg mo eg g mo eg s mo en mo enj mo enh mo ed mo el mo elg mo elm mo elb mo els mo elt 묘 묙 묚 묛 묜 묝 묞 묟 묠 묡 묢 묣 묤 묥 myo myo g myo g g myo g s myo n myo nj myo nh myo d myo l myo lg myo lm myo lb myo ls myo lt 무 묵 묶 묷 문 묹 묺 묻 물 묽 묾 묿 뭀 뭁 mu mug mug g mug s mun munj munh mud mul mulg mulm mulb muls mult 뭐 뭑 뭒 뭓 뭔 뭕 뭖 뭗 뭘 뭙 뭚 뭛 뭜 뭝 mweo mweo g mweo g g mweo g s mweo n mweo nj mweo nh mweo d mweo l mweo lg mweo lm mweo lb mweo ls mweo lt 뭬 뭭 뭮 뭯 뭰 뭱 뭲 뭳 뭴 뭵 뭶 뭷 뭸 뭹 mwe mweg mweg g mweg s mwen mwenj mwenh mwed mwel mwelg mwelm mwelb mwels mwelt 뮈 뮉 뮊 뮋 뮌 뮍 뮎 뮏 뮐 뮑 뮒 뮓 뮔 뮕 mwi mwig mwig g mwig s mwin mwinj mwinh mwid mwil mwilg mwilm mwilb mwils mwilt 뮤 뮥 뮦 뮧 뮨 뮩 뮪 뮫 뮬 뮭 뮮 뮯 뮰 뮱 myu myug myug g myug s myun myunj myunh myud myul myulg myulm myulb myuls myult 므 믁 믂 믃 믄 믅 믆 믇 믈 믉 믊 믋 믌 믍 meu meug meug g meug s meun meunj meunh meud meul meulg meulm meulb meuls meult 믜 믝 믞 믟 믠 믡 믢 믣 믤 믥 믦 믧 믨 믩 myi myig myig g myig s myin myinj myinh myid myil myilg myilm myilb myils myilt 미 믹 믺 믻 민 믽 믾 믿 밀 밁 밂 밃 밄 밅 mi mig mig g mig s min minj minh mid mil milg milm milb mils milt

33 ㅁ ㅏ m a ㅁ ㅐ m ae ㅁ ㅑ m ya ㅁ ㅒ m yae ㅁ ㅓ m eo ㅁ ㅔ m e ㅁ ㅕ m yeo ㅁ ㅖ m ye ㅁ ㅗ m o ㅁ ㅘ m wa ㅁ ㅙ m wae ㅁ ㅚ m oe ㅁ ㅛ m yo ㅁ ㅜ m u ㅁ ㅝ m weo ㅁ ㅞ m we ㅁ ㅟ m wi ㅁ ㅠ m yu ㅁ ㅡ m eu ㅁ ㅢ m yi ㅁ ㅣ m i ㄿ lp 맖 ㅀ lh 맗 ㅁ m 맘 ㅂ b 맙 ㅄ bs 맚 ㅅ s 맛 ㅆ ss 맜 ㅇ ng 망 ㅈ j 맞 ㅊ ch 맟 ㅋ k 맠 ㅌ t 맡 ㅍ p 맢 ㅎ h 맣 malp malh mam mab mab s mas mas s mang maj mach mak mat map mah 맲 맳 맴 맵 맶 맷 맸 맹 맺 맻 맼 맽 맾 맿 maelp maelh maem maeb maeb s maes maes s maeng maej maech maek maet maep maeh 먎 먏 먐 먑 먒 먓 먔 먕 먖 먗 먘 먙 먚 먛 myalp myalh myam myab myab s myas myas s myang myaj myach myak myat myap myah 먪 먫 먬 먭 먮 먯 먰 먱 먲 먳 먴 먵 먶 먷 myaelp myaelh myaem myaeb myaeb s myaes myaes s myaeng myaej myaech myaek myaet myaep myaeh 멆 멇 멈 멉 멊 멋 멌 멍 멎 멏 멐 멑 멒 멓 meo lp meo lh meo m meo b meo b s meo s meo s s meo ng meo j meo ch meo k meo t meo p meo h 멢 멣 멤 멥 멦 멧 멨 멩 멪 멫 멬 멭 멮 멯 melp melh mem meb meb s mes mes s meng mej mech mek met mep meh 멾 멿 몀 몁 몂 몃 몄 명 몆 몇 몈 몉 몊 몋 myeo lp myeo lh myeo m myeo b myeo b s myeo s myeo s s myeo ng myeo j myeo ch myeo k myeo t myeo p myeo h 몚 몛 몜 몝 몞 몟 몠 몡 몢 몣 몤 몥 몦 몧 myelp myelh myem myeb myeb s myes myes s myeng myej myech myek myet myep myeh 몶 몷 몸 몹 몺 못 몼 몽 몾 몿 뫀 뫁 뫂 뫃 mo lp mo lh mo m mo b mo b s mo s mo s s mo ng mo j mo ch mo k mo t mo p mo h 뫒 뫓 뫔 뫕 뫖 뫗 뫘 뫙 뫚 뫛 뫜 뫝 뫞 뫟 mwalp mwalh mwam mwab mwab s mwas mwas s mwang mwaj mwach mwak mwat mwap mwah 뫮 뫯 뫰 뫱 뫲 뫳 뫴 뫵 뫶 뫷 뫸 뫹 뫺 뫻 mwaelp mwaelh mwaem mwaeb mwaeb s mwaes mwaes s mwaeng mwaej mwaech mwaek mwaet mwaep mwaeh 묊 묋 묌 묍 묎 묏 묐 묑 묒 묓 묔 묕 묖 묗 mo elp mo elh mo em mo eb mo eb s mo es mo es s mo eng mo ej mo ech mo ek mo et mo ep mo eh 묦 묧 묨 묩 묪 묫 묬 묭 묮 묯 묰 묱 묲 묳 myo lp myo lh myo m myo b myo b s myo s myo s s myo ng myo j myo ch myo k myo t myo p myo h 뭂 뭃 뭄 뭅 뭆 뭇 뭈 뭉 뭊 뭋 뭌 뭍 뭎 뭏 mulp mulh mum mub mub s mus mus s mung muj much muk mut mup muh 뭞 뭟 뭠 뭡 뭢 뭣 뭤 뭥 뭦 뭧 뭨 뭩 뭪 뭫 mweo lp mweo lh mweo m mweo b mweo b s mweo s mweo s s mweo ng mweo j mweo ch mweo k mweo t mweo p mweo h 뭺 뭻 뭼 뭽 뭾 뭿 뮀 뮁 뮂 뮃 뮄 뮅 뮆 뮇 mwelp mwelh mwem mweb mweb s mwes mwes s mweng mwej mwech mwek mwet mwep mweh 뮖 뮗 뮘 뮙 뮚 뮛 뮜 뮝 뮞 뮟 뮠 뮡 뮢 뮣 mwilp mwilh mwim mwib mwib s mwis mwis s mwing mwij mwich mwik mwit mwip mwih 뮲 뮳 뮴 뮵 뮶 뮷 뮸 뮹 뮺 뮻 뮼 뮽 뮾 뮿 myulp myulh myum myub myub s myus myus s myung myuj myuch myuk myut myup myuh 믎 믏 믐 믑 믒 믓 믔 믕 믖 믗 믘 믙 믚 믛 meulp meulh meum meub meub s meus meus s meung meuj meuch meuk meut meup meuh 믪 믫 믬 믭 믮 믯 믰 믱 믲 믳 믴 믵 믶 믷 myilp myilh myim myib myib s myis myis s mying myij myich myik myit myip myih 밆 밇 밈 밉 밊 밋 밌 밍 밎 및 밐 밑 밒 밓 milp milh mim mib mib s mis mis s ming mij mich mik mit mip mih

34 Table 1.12: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅂ (b) ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅂ b ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 바 ㄱ g 박 ㄲ gg 밖 ㄳ gs 밗 ㄴ n 반 ㄵ nj 밙 ㄶ nh 밚 ㄷ d 받 ㄹ l 발 ㄺ lg 밝 ㄻ lm 밞 ㄼ lb 밟 ㄽ ls 밠 ㄾ lt 밡 ba b ag b ag g b ag s b an b anj b anh b ad b al b alg b alm b alb b als b alt 배 백 밲 밳 밴 밵 밶 밷 밸 밹 밺 밻 밼 밽 b ae b aeg b aeg g b aeg s b aen b aenj b aenh b aed b ael b aelg b aelm b aelb b aels b aelt 뱌 뱍 뱎 뱏 뱐 뱑 뱒 뱓 뱔 뱕 뱖 뱗 뱘 뱙 b ya b yag b yag g b yag s b yan b yanj b yanh b yad b yal b yalg b yalm b yalb b yals b yalt 뱨 뱩 뱪 뱫 뱬 뱭 뱮 뱯 뱰 뱱 뱲 뱳 뱴 뱵 b yae b yaeg b yaeg g b yaeg s b yaen b yaenj b yaenh b yaed b yael b yaelg b yaelm b yaelb b yaels b yaelt 버 벅 벆 벇 번 벉 벊 벋 벌 벍 벎 벏 벐 벑 b eo b eo g b eo g g b eo g s b eo n b eo nj b eo nh b eo d b eo l b eo lg b eo lm b eo lb b eo ls b eo lt 베 벡 벢 벣 벤 벥 벦 벧 벨 벩 벪 벫 벬 벭 be b eg b eg g b eg s b en b enj b enh b ed b el b elg b elm b elb b els b elt 벼 벽 벾 벿 변 볁 볂 볃 별 볅 볆 볇 볈 볉 b yeo b yeo g b yeo g g b yeo g s b yeo n b yeo nj b yeo nh b yeo d b yeo l b yeo lg b yeo lm b yeo lb b yeo ls b yeo lt 볘 볙 볚 볛 볜 볝 볞 볟 볠 볡 볢 볣 볤 볥 b ye b yeg b yeg g b yeg s b yen b yenj b yenh b yed b yel b yelg b yelm b yelb b yels b yelt 보 복 볶 볷 본 볹 볺 볻 볼 볽 볾 볿 봀 봁 bo bog bogg bogs bon b o nj b o nh bod bol b o lg b o lm b o lb b o ls b o lt 봐 봑 봒 봓 봔 봕 봖 봗 봘 봙 봚 봛 봜 봝 b wa b wag b wag g b wag s b wan b wanj b wanh b wad b wal b walg b walm b walb b wals b walt 봬 봭 봮 봯 봰 봱 봲 봳 봴 봵 봶 봷 봸 봹 b wae b waeg b waeg g b waeg s b waen b waenj b waenh b waed b wael b waelg b waelm b waelb b waels b waelt 뵈 뵉 뵊 뵋 뵌 뵍 뵎 뵏 뵐 뵑 뵒 뵓 뵔 뵕 boe b o eg b o eg g b o eg s b o en b o enj b o enh b o ed b o el b o elg b o elm b o elb b o els b o elt 뵤 뵥 뵦 뵧 뵨 뵩 뵪 뵫 뵬 뵭 뵮 뵯 뵰 뵱 b yo b yo g b yo g g b yo g s b yo n b yo nj b yo nh b yo d b yo l b yo lg b yo lm b yo lb b yo ls b yo lt 부 북 붂 붃 분 붅 붆 붇 불 붉 붊 붋 붌 붍 bu b ug b ug g b ug s b un b unj b unh b ud b ul b ulg b ulm b ulb b uls b ult 붜 붝 붞 붟 붠 붡 붢 붣 붤 붥 붦 붧 붨 붩 b weo b weo g b weo g g b weo g s b weo n b weo nj b weo nh b weo d b weo l b weo lg b weo lm b weo lb b weo ls b weo lt 붸 붹 붺 붻 붼 붽 붾 붿 뷀 뷁 뷂 뷃 뷄 뷅 b we b weg b weg g b weg s b wen b wenj b wenh b wed b wel b welg b welm b welb b wels b welt 뷔 뷕 뷖 뷗 뷘 뷙 뷚 뷛 뷜 뷝 뷞 뷟 뷠 뷡 b wi b wig b wig g b wig s b win b winj b winh b wid b wil b wilg b wilm b wilb b wils b wilt 뷰 뷱 뷲 뷳 뷴 뷵 뷶 뷷 뷸 뷹 뷺 뷻 뷼 뷽 b yu b yug b yug g b yug s b yun b yunj b yunh b yud b yul b yulg b yulm b yulb b yuls b yult 브 븍 븎 븏 븐 븑 븒 븓 블 븕 븖 븗 븘 븙 b eu b eug b eug g b eug s b eun b eunj b eunh b eud b eul b eulg b eulm b eulb b euls b eult 븨 븩 븪 븫 븬 븭 븮 븯 븰 븱 븲 븳 븴 븵 b yi b yig b yig g b yig s b yin b yinj b yinh b yid b yil b yilg b yilm b yilb b yils b yilt 비 빅 빆 빇 빈 빉 빊 빋 빌 빍 빎 빏 빐 빑 bi b ig b ig g b ig s b in b inj b inh b id b il b ilg b ilm b ilb b ils b ilt

35 ㅂ ㅏ b a ㅂ ㅐ b ae ㅂ ㅑ b ya ㅂ ㅒ b yae ㅂ ㅓ b eo ㅂ ㅔ b e ㅂ ㅕ b yeo ㅂ ㅖ b ye ㅂ ㅗ b o ㅂ ㅘ b wa ㅂ ㅙ b wae ㅂ ㅚ b oe ㅂ ㅛ b yo ㅂ ㅜ b u ㅂ ㅝ b weo ㅂ ㅞ b we ㅂ ㅟ b wi ㅂ ㅠ b yu ㅂ ㅡ b eu ㅂ ㅢ b yi ㅂ ㅣ b i ㄿ lp 밢 ㅀ lh 밣 ㅁ m 밤 ㅂ b 밥 ㅄ bs 밦 ㅅ s 밧 ㅆ ss 밨 ㅇ ng 방 ㅈ j 밪 ㅊ ch 밫 ㅋ k 밬 ㅌ t 밭 ㅍ p 밮 ㅎ h 밯 b alp b alh b am b ab b ab s b as b as s b ang b aj b ach b ak b at b ap b ah 밾 밿 뱀 뱁 뱂 뱃 뱄 뱅 뱆 뱇 뱈 뱉 뱊 뱋 b aelp b aelh b aem b aeb b aeb s b aes b aes s b aeng b aej b aech b aek b aet b aep b aeh 뱚 뱛 뱜 뱝 뱞 뱟 뱠 뱡 뱢 뱣 뱤 뱥 뱦 뱧 b yalp b yalh b yam b yab b yab s b yas b yas s b yang b yaj b yach b yak b yat b yap b yah 뱶 뱷 뱸 뱹 뱺 뱻 뱼 뱽 뱾 뱿 벀 벁 벂 벃 b yaelp b yaelh b yaem b yaeb b yaeb s b yaes b yaes s b yaeng b yaej b yaech b yaek b yaet b yaep b yaeh 벒 벓 범 법 벖 벗 벘 벙 벚 벛 벜 벝 벞 벟 b eo lp b eo lh b eo m b eo b b eo b s b eo s b eo s s b eo ng b eo j b eo ch b eo k b eo t b eo p b eo h 벮 벯 벰 벱 벲 벳 벴 벵 벶 벷 벸 벹 벺 벻 b elp b elh b em b eb b eb s b es b es s b eng b ej b ech b ek b et b ep b eh 볊 볋 볌 볍 볎 볏 볐 병 볒 볓 볔 볕 볖 볗 b yeo lp b yeo lh b yeo m b yeo b b yeo b s b yeo s b yeo s s b yeo ng b yeo j b yeo ch b yeo k b yeo t b yeo p b yeo h 볦 볧 볨 볩 볪 볫 볬 볭 볮 볯 볰 볱 볲 볳 b yelp b yelh b yem b yeb b yeb s b yes b yes s b yeng b yej b yech b yek b yet b yep b yeh 봂 봃 봄 봅 봆 봇 봈 봉 봊 봋 봌 봍 봎 봏 b o lp b o lh bom bob bobs bos boss b o ng boj b o ch bok bot bop boh 봞 봟 봠 봡 봢 봣 봤 봥 봦 봧 봨 봩 봪 봫 b walp b walh b wam b wab b wab s b was b was s b wang b waj b wach b wak b wat b wap b wah 봺 봻 봼 봽 봾 봿 뵀 뵁 뵂 뵃 뵄 뵅 뵆 뵇 b waelp b waelh b waem b waeb b waeb s b waes b waes s b waeng b waej b waech b waek b waet b waep b waeh 뵖 뵗 뵘 뵙 뵚 뵛 뵜 뵝 뵞 뵟 뵠 뵡 뵢 뵣 b o elp b o elh b o em b o eb b o eb s b o es b o es s b o eng b o ej b o ech b o ek b o et b o ep b o eh 뵲 뵳 뵴 뵵 뵶 뵷 뵸 뵹 뵺 뵻 뵼 뵽 뵾 뵿 b yo lp b yo lh b yo m b yo b b yo b s b yo s b yo s s b yo ng b yo j b yo ch b yo k b yo t b yo p b yo h 붎 붏 붐 붑 붒 붓 붔 붕 붖 붗 붘 붙 붚 붛 b ulp b ulh b um b ub b ub s b us b us s b ung b uj b uch b uk b ut b up b uh 붪 붫 붬 붭 붮 붯 붰 붱 붲 붳 붴 붵 붶 붷 b weo lp b weo lh b weo m b weo b b weo b s b weo s b weo s s b weo ng b weo j b weo ch b weo k b weo t b weo p b weo h 뷆 뷇 뷈 뷉 뷊 뷋 뷌 뷍 뷎 뷏 뷐 뷑 뷒 뷓 b welp b welh b wem b web b web s b wes b wes s b weng b wej b wech b wek b wet b wep b weh 뷢 뷣 뷤 뷥 뷦 뷧 뷨 뷩 뷪 뷫 뷬 뷭 뷮 뷯 b wilp b wilh b wim b wib b wib s b wis b wis s b wing b wij b wich b wik b wit b wip b wih 뷾 뷿 븀 븁 븂 븃 븄 븅 븆 븇 븈 븉 븊 븋 b yulp b yulh b yum b yub b yub s b yus b yus s b yung b yuj b yuch b yuk b yut b yup b yuh 븚 븛 븜 븝 븞 븟 븠 븡 븢 븣 븤 븥 븦 븧 b eulp b eulh b eum b eub b eub s b eus b eus s b eung b euj b euch b euk b eut b eup b euh 븶 븷 븸 븹 븺 븻 븼 븽 븾 븿 빀 빁 빂 빃 b yilp b yilh b yim b yib b yib s b yis b yis s b ying b yij b yich b yik b yit b yip b yih 빒 빓 빔 빕 빖 빗 빘 빙 빚 빛 빜 빝 빞 빟 b ilp b ilh b im b ib b ib s b is b is s b ing b ij b ich b ik b it b ip b ih

36 Table 1.13: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅃ (bb) ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 빠 ㄱ g 빡 ㄲ gg 빢 ㄳ gs 빣 ㄴ n 빤 ㄵ nj 빥 ㄶ nh 빦 ㄷ d 빧 ㄹ l 빨 ㄺ lg 빩 ㄻ lm 빪 ㄼ lb 빫 ㄽ ls 빬 ㄾ lt 빭 b b alt bba b b ag b b ag g b b ag s b b an b b anj b b anh b b ad b b al b b alg b b alm b b alb b b als 빼 빽 빾 빿 뺀 뺁 뺂 뺃 뺄 뺅 뺆 뺇 뺈 뺉 b b ae b b aeg b b aeg g b b aeg s b b aen b b aenj b b aenh b b aed b b ael b b aelg b b aelm b b aelb b b aels b b aelt 뺘 뺙 뺚 뺛 뺜 뺝 뺞 뺟 뺠 뺡 뺢 뺣 뺤 뺥 b b ya b b yag b b yag g b b yag s b b yan b b yanj b b yanh b b yad b b yal b b yalg b b yalm b b yalb b b yals b b yalt 뺴 뺵 뺶 뺷 뺸 뺹 뺺 뺻 뺼 뺽 뺾 뺿 뻀 뻁 b b yae b b yaeg b b yaeg g b b yaeg s b b yaen b b yaenj b b yaenh b b yaed b b yael b b yaelg b b yaelm b b yaelb b b yaels b b yaelt 뻐 뻑 뻒 뻓 뻔 뻕 뻖 뻗 뻘 뻙 뻚 뻛 뻜 뻝 b b eo b b eo g b b eo g g b b eo g s b b eo n b b eo nj b b eo nh b b eo d b b eo l b b eo lg b b eo lm b b eo lb b b eo ls b b eo lt 뻬 뻭 뻮 뻯 뻰 뻱 뻲 뻳 뻴 뻵 뻶 뻷 뻸 뻹 bbe b b eg b b eg g b b eg s b b en b b enj b b enh b b ed b b el b b elg b b elm b b elb b b els b b elt 뼈 뼉 뼊 뼋 뼌 뼍 뼎 뼏 뼐 뼑 뼒 뼓 뼔 뼕 b b yeo b b yeo g b b yeo g g b b yeo g s b b yeo n b b yeo nj b b yeo nh b b yeo d b b yeo l b b yeo lg b b yeo lm b b yeo lb b b yeo ls b b yeo lt 뼤 뼥 뼦 뼧 뼨 뼩 뼪 뼫 뼬 뼭 뼮 뼯 뼰 뼱 b b ye b b yeg b b yeg g b b yeg s b b yen b b yenj b b yenh b b yed b b yel b b yelg b b yelm b b yelb b b yels b b yelt 뽀 뽁 뽂 뽃 뽄 뽅 뽆 뽇 뽈 뽉 뽊 뽋 뽌 뽍 bbo bbog bbogg bbogs bbon b b o nj b b o nh bbod bbol b b o lg b b o lm b b o lb b b o ls b b o lt 뽜 뽝 뽞 뽟 뽠 뽡 뽢 뽣 뽤 뽥 뽦 뽧 뽨 뽩 b b wa b b wag b b wag g b b wag s b b wan b b wanj b b wanh b b wad b b wal b b walg b b walm b b walb b b wals b b walt 뽽 뽾 뾀 뾁 뾂 뾃 뽸 뽹 뽺 뽻 뽼 b b wae b b waeg b b waeg g b b waeg s b b waen b b waenj b b waenh 뽿 b b waed b b wael b b waelg b b waelm b b waelb 뾄 뾅 b b waels b b waelt 뾔 뾕 뾖 뾗 뾘 뾙 뾚 뾛 뾜 뾝 뾞 뾟 뾠 뾡 bboe b b o eg b b o eg g b b o eg s b b o en b b o enj b b o enh b b o ed b b o el b b o elg b b o elm b b o elb b b o els b b o elt 뾰 뾱 뾲 뾳 뾴 뾵 뾶 뾷 뾸 뾹 뾺 뾻 뾼 뾽 b b yo b b yo g b b yo g g b b yo g s b b yo n b b yo nj b b yo nh b b yo d b b yo l b b yo lg b b yo lm b b yo lb b b yo ls b b yo lt 뿌 뿍 뿎 뿏 뿐 뿑 뿒 뿓 뿔 뿕 뿖 뿗 뿘 뿙 bbu b b ug b b ug g b b ug s b b un b b unj b b unh b b ud b b ul b b ulg b b ulm b b ulb b b uls b b ult 뿫 뿬 뿭 뿮 뿯 뿰 뿱 뿲 뿳 뿴 뿵 뿨 뿩 뿪 b b weo b b weo g b b weo g g b b weo g s b b weo n b b weo nj b b weo nh b b weo d b b weo l b b weo lg b b weo lm b b weo lb b b weo ls b b weo lt 쀄 쀅 쀆 쀇 쀈 쀉 쀊 쀋 쀌 쀍 쀎 쀏 쀐 쀑 b b we b b weg b b weg g b b weg s b b wen b b wenj b b wenh b b wed b b wel b b welg b b welm b b welb b b wels b b welt 쀠 쀡 쀢 쀣 쀤 쀥 쀦 쀧 쀨 쀩 쀪 쀫 쀬 쀭 b b wi b b wig b b wig g b b wig s b b win b b winj b b winh b b wid b b wil b b wilg b b wilm b b wilb b b wils b b wilt 쀼 쀽 쀾 쀿 쁀 쁁 쁂 쁃 쁄 쁅 쁆 쁇 쁈 쁉 b b yu b b yug b b yug g b b yug s b b yun b b yunj b b yunh b b yud b b yul b b yulg b b yulm b b yulb b b yuls b b yult 쁘 쁙 쁚 쁛 쁜 쁝 쁞 쁟 쁠 쁡 쁢 쁣 쁤 쁥 b b eu b b eug b b eug g b b eug s b b eun b b eunj b b eunh b b eud b b eul b b eulg b b eulm b b eulb b b euls b b eult 쁴 쁵 쁶 쁷 쁸 쁹 쁺 쁻 쁼 쁽 쁾 쁿 삀 삁 b b yi b b yig b b yig g b b yig s b b yin b b yinj b b yinh b b yid b b yil b b yilg b b yilm b b yilb b b yils b b yilt 삐 삑 삒 삓 삔 삕 삖 삗 삘 삙 삚 삛 삜 삝 bbi b b ig b b ig g b b ig s b b in b b inj b b inh b b id b b il b b ilg b b ilm b b ilb b b ils b b ilt

37 ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅃ bb ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i ㄿ lp 빮 ㅀ lh 빯 ㅁ m 빰 ㅂ b 빱 ㅄ bs 빲 ㅅ s 빳 ㅆ ss 빴 ㅇ ng 빵 ㅈ j 빶 ㅊ ch 빷 ㅋ k 빸 ㅌ t 빹 ㅍ p 빺 ㅎ h 빻 b b alp b b alh b b am b b ab b b ab s b b as b b as s b b ang b b aj b b ach b b ak b b at b b ap b b ah 뺊 뺋 뺌 뺍 뺎 뺏 뺐 뺑 뺒 뺓 뺔 뺕 뺖 뺗 b b aelp b b aelh b b aem b b aeb b b aeb s b b aes b b aes s b b aeng b b aej b b aech b b aek b b aet b b aep b b aeh 뺦 뺧 뺨 뺩 뺪 뺫 뺬 뺭 뺮 뺯 뺰 뺱 뺲 뺳 b b yalp b b yalh b b yam b b yab b b yab s b b yas b b yas s b b yang b b yaj b b yach b b yak b b yat b b yap b b yah 뻂 뻃 뻄 뻅 뻆 뻇 뻈 뻉 뻊 뻋 뻌 뻍 뻎 뻏 b b yaelp b b yaelh b b yaem b b yaeb b b yaeb s b b yaes b b yaes s b b yaeng b b yaej b b yaech b b yaek b b yaet b b yaep b b yaeh 뻞 뻟 뻠 뻡 뻢 뻣 뻤 뻥 뻦 뻧 뻨 뻩 뻪 뻫 b b eo lp b b eo lh b b eo m b b eo b b b eo b s b b eo s b b eo s s b b eo ng b b eo j b b eo ch b b eo k b b eo t b b eo p b b eo h 뻺 뻻 뻼 뻽 뻾 뻿 뼀 뼁 뼂 뼃 뼄 뼅 뼆 뼇 b b elp b b elh b b em b b eb b b eb s b b es b b es s b b eng b b ej b b ech b b ek b b et b b ep b b eh 뼖 뼗 뼘 뼙 뼚 뼛 뼜 뼝 뼞 뼟 뼠 뼡 뼢 뼣 b b yeo lp b b yeo lh b b yeo m b b yeo b b b yeo b s b b yeo s b b yeo s s b b yeo ng b b yeo j b b yeo ch b b yeo k b b yeo t b b yeo p b b yeo h 뼲 뼳 뼴 뼵 뼶 뼷 뼸 뼹 뼺 뼻 뼼 뼽 뼾 뼿 b b yelp b b yelh b b yem b b yeb b b yeb s b b yes b b yes s b b yeng b b yej b b yech b b yek b b yet b b yep b b yeh 뽎 뽏 뽐 뽑 뽒 뽓 뽔 뽕 뽖 뽗 뽘 뽙 뽚 뽛 b b o lp b b o lh bbom bbob bbobs bbos bboss b b o ng bboj b b o ch bbok bbot bbop bboh 뽪 뽫 뽬 뽭 뽮 뽯 뽰 뽱 뽲 뽳 뽴 뽵 뽶 뽷 b b walp b b walh b b wam b b wab b b wab s b b was b b was s b b wang b b waj b b wach b b wak b b wat b b wap b b wah 뾈 뾉 뾎 뾏 뾆 뾇 b b waelp b b waelh b b waem b b waeb 뾊 뾋 뾌 뾍 b b waeb s b b waes b b waes s b b waeng b b waej b b waech 뾐 뾑 뾒 뾓 b b waek b b waet b b waep b b waeh 뾢 뾣 뾤 뾥 뾦 뾧 뾨 뾩 뾪 뾫 뾬 뾭 뾮 뾯 b b o elp b b o elh b b o em b b o eb b b o eb s b b o es b b o es s b b o eng b b o ej b b o ech b b o ek b b o et b b o ep b b o eh 뾾 뾿 뿀 뿁 뿂 뿃 뿄 뿅 뿆 뿇 뿈 뿉 뿊 뿋 b b yo lp b b yo lh b b yo m b b yo b b b yo b s b b yo s b b yo s s b b yo ng b b yo j b b yo ch b b yo k b b yo t b b yo p b b yo h 뿚 뿛 뿜 뿝 뿞 뿟 뿠 뿡 뿢 뿣 뿤 뿥 뿦 뿧 b b ulp b b ulh b b um b b ub b b ub s b b us b b us s b b ung b b uj b b uch b b uk b b ut b b up b b uh 뿷 뿸 뿹 뿺 뿻 뿼 뿽 뿾 뿿 쀀 쀁 쀂 뿶 b b weo lp b b weo lh b b weo m b b weo b b b weo b s b b weo s b b weo s s b b weo ng b b weo j b b weo ch b b weo k b b weo t b b weo p 쀃 b b weo h 쀒 쀓 쀔 쀕 쀖 쀗 쀘 쀙 쀚 쀛 쀜 쀝 쀞 쀟 b b welp b b welh b b wem b b web b b web s b b wes b b wes s b b weng b b wej b b wech b b wek b b wet b b wep b b weh 쀮 쀯 쀰 쀱 쀲 쀳 쀴 쀵 쀶 쀷 쀸 쀹 쀺 쀻 b b wilp b b wilh b b wim b b wib b b wib s b b wis b b wis s b b wing b b wij b b wich b b wik b b wit b b wip b b wih 쁊 쁋 쁌 쁍 쁎 쁏 쁐 쁑 쁒 쁓 쁔 쁕 쁖 쁗 b b yulp b b yulh b b yum b b yub b b yub s b b yus b b yus s b b yung b b yuj b b yuch b b yuk b b yut b b yup b b yuh 쁦 쁧 쁨 쁩 쁪 쁫 쁬 쁭 쁮 쁯 쁰 쁱 쁲 쁳 b b eulp b b eulh b b eum b b eub b b eub s b b eus b b eus s b b eung b b euj b b euch b b euk b b eut b b eup b b euh 삂 삃 삄 삅 삆 삇 삈 삉 삊 삋 삌 삍 삎 삏 b b yilp b b yilh b b yim b b yib b b yib s b b yis b b yis s b b ying b b yij b b yich b b yik b b yit b b yip b b yih 삞 삟 삠 삡 삢 삣 삤 삥 삦 삧 삨 삩 삪 삫 b b ilp b b ilh b b im b b ib b b ib s b b is b b is s b b ing b b ij b b ich b b ik b b it b b ip b b ih

38 Table 1.14: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅅ (s) ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅅ s ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 사 ㄱ g 삭 ㄲ gg 삮 ㄳ gs 삯 ㄴ n 산 ㄵ nj 삱 ㄶ nh 삲 ㄷ d 삳 ㄹ l 살 ㄺ lg 삵 ㄻ lm 삶 ㄼ lb 삷 ㄽ ls 삸 ㄾ lt 삹 sa s ag s ag g s ag s s an s anj s anh s ad s al s alg s alm s alb s als s alt 새 색 샊 샋 샌 샍 샎 샏 샐 샑 샒 샓 샔 샕 s ae s aeg s aeg g s aeg s s aen s aenj s aenh s aed s ael s aelg s aelm s aelb s aels s aelt 샤 샥 샦 샧 샨 샩 샪 샫 샬 샭 샮 샯 샰 샱 s ya s yag s yag g s yag s s yan s yanj s yanh s yad s yal s yalg s yalm s yalb s yals s yalt 섀 섁 섂 섃 섄 섅 섆 섇 섈 섉 섊 섋 섌 섍 s yae s yaeg s yaeg g s yaeg s s yaen s yaenj s yaenh s yaed s yael s yaelg s yaelm s yaelb s yaels s yaelt 서 석 섞 섟 선 섡 섢 섣 설 섥 섦 섧 섨 섩 s eo s eo g s eo g g s eo g s s eo n s eo nj s eo nh s eo d s eo l s eo lg s eo lm s eo lb s eo ls s eo lt 세 섹 섺 섻 센 섽 섾 섿 셀 셁 셂 셃 셄 셅 se s eg s eg g s eg s s en s enj s enh s ed s el s elg s elm s elb s els s elt 셔 셕 셖 셗 션 셙 셚 셛 셜 셝 셞 셟 셠 셡 s yeo s yeo g s yeo g g s yeo g s s yeo n s yeo nj s yeo nh s yeo d s yeo l s yeo lg s yeo lm s yeo lb s yeo ls s yeo lt 셰 셱 셲 셳 셴 셵 셶 셷 셸 셹 셺 셻 셼 셽 s ye s yeg s yeg g s yeg s s yen s yenj s yenh s yed s yel s yelg s yelm s yelb s yels s yelt 소 속 솎 솏 손 솑 솒 솓 솔 솕 솖 솗 솘 솙 so sog sogg sogs son s o nj s o nh sod sol s o lg s o lm s o lb s o ls s o lt 솨 솩 솪 솫 솬 솭 솮 솯 솰 솱 솲 솳 솴 솵 s wa s wag s wag g s wag s s wan s wanj s wanh s wad s wal s walg s walm s walb s wals s walt 쇄 쇅 쇆 쇇 쇈 쇉 쇊 쇋 쇌 쇍 쇎 쇏 쇐 쇑 s wae s waeg s waeg g s waeg s s waen s waenj s waenh s waed s wael s waelg s waelm s waelb s waels s waelt 쇠 쇡 쇢 쇣 쇤 쇥 쇦 쇧 쇨 쇩 쇪 쇫 쇬 쇭 soe s o eg s o eg g s o eg s s o en s o enj s o enh s o ed s o el s o elg s o elm s o elb s o els s o elt 쇼 쇽 쇾 쇿 숀 숁 숂 숃 숄 숅 숆 숇 숈 숉 s yo s yo g s yo g g s yo g s s yo n s yo nj s yo nh s yo d s yo l s yo lg s yo lm s yo lb s yo ls s yo lt 수 숙 숚 숛 순 숝 숞 숟 술 숡 숢 숣 숤 숥 su s ug s ug g s ug s s un s unj s unh s ud s ul s ulg s ulm s ulb s uls s ult 숴 숵 숶 숷 숸 숹 숺 숻 숼 숽 숾 숿 쉀 쉁 s weo s weo g s weo g g s weo g s s weo n s weo nj s weo nh s weo d s weo l s weo lg s weo lm s weo lb s weo ls s weo lt 쉐 쉑 쉒 쉓 쉔 쉕 쉖 쉗 쉘 쉙 쉚 쉛 쉜 쉝 s we s weg s weg g s weg s s wen s wenj s wenh s wed s wel s welg s welm s welb s wels s welt 쉬 쉭 쉮 쉯 쉰 쉱 쉲 쉳 쉴 쉵 쉶 쉷 쉸 쉹 s wi s wig s wig g s wig s s win s winj s winh s wid s wil s wilg s wilm s wilb s wils s wilt 슈 슉 슊 슋 슌 슍 슎 슏 슐 슑 슒 슓 슔 슕 s yu s yug s yug g s yug s s yun s yunj s yunh s yud s yul s yulg s yulm s yulb s yuls s yult 스 슥 슦 슧 슨 슩 슪 슫 슬 슭 슮 슯 슰 슱 s eu s eug s eug g s eug s s eun s eunj s eunh s eud s eul s eulg s eulm s eulb s euls s eult 싀 싁 싂 싃 싄 싅 싆 싇 싈 싉 싊 싋 싌 싍 s yi s yig s yig g s yig s s yin s yinj s yinh s yid s yil s yilg s yilm s yilb s yils s yilt 시 식 싞 싟 신 싡 싢 싣 실 싥 싦 싧 싨 싩 si s ig s ig g s ig s s in s inj s inh s id s il s ilg s ilm s ilb s ils s ilt

39 ㅅ ㅏ s a ㅅ ㅐ s ae ㅅ ㅑ s ya ㅅ ㅒ s yae ㅅ ㅓ s eo ㅅ ㅔ s e ㅅ ㅕ s yeo ㅅ ㅖ s ye ㅅ ㅗ s o ㅅ ㅘ s wa ㅅ ㅙ s wae ㅅ ㅚ s oe ㅅ ㅛ s yo ㅅ ㅜ s u ㅅ ㅝ s weo ㅅ ㅞ s we ㅅ ㅟ s wi ㅅ ㅠ s yu ㅅ ㅡ s eu ㅅ ㅢ s yi ㅅ ㅣ s i ㄿ lp 삺 ㅀ lh 삻 ㅁ m 삼 ㅂ b 삽 ㅄ bs 삾 ㅅ s 삿 ㅆ ss 샀 ㅇ ng 상 ㅈ j 샂 ㅊ ch 샃 ㅋ k 샄 ㅌ t 샅 ㅍ p 샆 ㅎ h 샇 s alp s alh s am s ab s ab s s as s as s s ang s aj s ach s ak s at s ap s ah 샖 샗 샘 샙 샚 샛 샜 생 샞 샟 샠 샡 샢 샣 s aelp s aelh s aem s aeb s aeb s s aes s aes s s aeng s aej s aech s aek s aet s aep s aeh 샲 샳 샴 샵 샶 샷 샸 샹 샺 샻 샼 샽 샾 샿 s yalp s yalh s yam s yab s yab s s yas s yas s s yang s yaj s yach s yak s yat s yap s yah 섎 섏 섐 섑 섒 섓 섔 섕 섖 섗 섘 섙 섚 섛 s yaelp s yaelh s yaem s yaeb s yaeb s s yaes s yaes s s yaeng s yaej s yaech s yaek s yaet s yaep s yaeh 섪 섫 섬 섭 섮 섯 섰 성 섲 섳 섴 섵 섶 섷 s eo lp s eo lh s eo m s eo b s eo b s s eo s s eo s s s eo ng s eo j s eo ch s eo k s eo t s eo p s eo h 셆 셇 셈 셉 셊 셋 셌 셍 셎 셏 셐 셑 셒 셓 s elp s elh s em s eb s eb s s es s es s s eng s ej s ech s ek s et s ep s eh 셢 셣 셤 셥 셦 셧 셨 셩 셪 셫 셬 셭 셮 셯 s yeo lp s yeo lh s yeo m s yeo b s yeo b s s yeo s s yeo s s s yeo ng s yeo j s yeo ch s yeo k s yeo t s yeo p s yeo h 셾 셿 솀 솁 솂 솃 솄 솅 솆 솇 솈 솉 솊 솋 s yelp s yelh s yem s yeb s yeb s s yes s yes s s yeng s yej s yech s yek s yet s yep s yeh 솚 솛 솜 솝 솞 솟 솠 송 솢 솣 솤 솥 솦 솧 s o lp s o lh som sob sobs sos soss s o ng soj s o ch sok sot sop soh 솶 솷 솸 솹 솺 솻 솼 솽 솾 솿 쇀 쇁 쇂 쇃 s walp s walh s wam s wab s wab s s was s was s s wang s waj s wach s wak s wat s wap s wah 쇒 쇓 쇔 쇕 쇖 쇗 쇘 쇙 쇚 쇛 쇜 쇝 쇞 쇟 s waelp s waelh s waem s waeb s waeb s s waes s waes s s waeng s waej s waech s waek s waet s waep s waeh 쇮 쇯 쇰 쇱 쇲 쇳 쇴 쇵 쇶 쇷 쇸 쇹 쇺 쇻 s o elp s o elh s o em s o eb s o eb s s o es s o es s s o eng s o ej s o ech s o ek s o et s o ep s o eh 숊 숋 숌 숍 숎 숏 숐 숑 숒 숓 숔 숕 숖 숗 s yo lp s yo lh s yo m s yo b s yo b s s yo s s yo s s s yo ng s yo j s yo ch s yo k s yo t s yo p s yo h 숦 숧 숨 숩 숪 숫 숬 숭 숮 숯 숰 숱 숲 숳 s ulp s ulh s um s ub s ub s s us s us s s ung s uj s uch s uk s ut s up s uh 쉂 쉃 쉄 쉅 쉆 쉇 쉈 쉉 쉊 쉋 쉌 쉍 쉎 쉏 s weo lp s weo lh s weo m s weo b s weo b s s weo s s weo s s s weo ng s weo j s weo ch s weo k s weo t s weo p s weo h 쉞 쉟 쉠 쉡 쉢 쉣 쉤 쉥 쉦 쉧 쉨 쉩 쉪 쉫 s welp s welh s wem s web s web s s wes s wes s s weng s wej s wech s wek s wet s wep s weh 쉺 쉻 쉼 쉽 쉾 쉿 슀 슁 슂 슃 슄 슅 슆 슇 s wilp s wilh s wim s wib s wib s s wis s wis s s wing s wij s wich s wik s wit s wip s wih 슖 슗 슘 슙 슚 슛 슜 슝 슞 슟 슠 슡 슢 슣 s yulp s yulh s yum s yub s yub s s yus s yus s s yung s yuj s yuch s yuk s yut s yup s yuh 슲 슳 슴 습 슶 슷 슸 승 슺 슻 슼 슽 슾 슿 s eulp s eulh s eum s eub s eub s s eus s eus s s eung s euj s euch s euk s eut s eup s euh 싎 싏 싐 싑 싒 싓 싔 싕 싖 싗 싘 싙 싚 싛 s yilp s yilh s yim s yib s yib s s yis s yis s s ying s yij s yich s yik s yit s yip s yih 싪 싫 심 십 싮 싯 싰 싱 싲 싳 싴 싵 싶 싷 s ilp s ilh s im s ib s ib s s is s is s s ing s ij s ich s ik s it s ip s ih

40 Table 1.15: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅆ (ss) ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅆ ss ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 싸 ㄱ g 싹 ㄲ gg 싺 ㄳ gs 싻 ㄴ n 싼 ㄵ nj 싽 ㄶ nh 싾 ㄷ d 싿 ㄹ l 쌀 ㄺ lg 쌁 ㄻ lm 쌂 ㄼ lb 쌃 ㄽ ls 쌄 ㄾ lt 쌅 s s alt ssa s s ag s s ag g s s ag s s s an s s anj s s anh s s ad s s al s s alg s s alm s s alb s s als 쌔 쌕 쌖 쌗 쌘 쌙 쌚 쌛 쌜 쌝 쌞 쌟 쌠 쌡 s s ae s s aeg s s aeg g s s aeg s s s aen s s aenj s s aenh s s aed s s ael s s aelg s s aelm s s aelb s s aels s s aelt 쌰 쌱 쌲 쌳 쌴 쌵 쌶 쌷 쌸 쌹 쌺 쌻 쌼 쌽 s s ya s s yag s s yag g s s yag s s s yan s s yanj s s yanh s s yad s s yal s s yalg s s yalm s s yalb s s yals s s yalt 썌 썍 썎 썏 썐 썑 썒 썓 썔 썕 썖 썗 썘 썙 s s yae s s yaeg s s yaeg g s s yaeg s s s yaen s s yaenj s s yaenh s s yaed s s yael s s yaelg s s yaelm s s yaelb s s yaels s s yaelt 써 썩 썪 썫 썬 썭 썮 썯 썰 썱 썲 썳 썴 썵 s s eo s s eo g s s eo g g s s eo g s s s eo n s s eo nj s s eo nh s s eo d s s eo l s s eo lg s s eo lm s s eo lb s s eo ls s s eo lt 쎄 쎅 쎆 쎇 쎈 쎉 쎊 쎋 쎌 쎍 쎎 쎏 쎐 쎑 sse s s eg s s eg g s s eg s s s en s s enj s s enh s s ed s s el s s elg s s elm s s elb s s els s s elt 쎠 쎡 쎢 쎣 쎤 쎥 쎦 쎧 쎨 쎩 쎪 쎫 쎬 쎭 s s yeo s s yeo g s s yeo g g s s yeo g s s s yeo n s s yeo nj s s yeo nh s s yeo d s s yeo l s s yeo lg s s yeo lm s s yeo lb s s yeo ls s s yeo lt 쎼 쎽 쎾 쎿 쏀 쏁 쏂 쏃 쏄 쏅 쏆 쏇 쏈 쏉 s s ye s s yeg s s yeg g s s yeg s s s yen s s yenj s s yenh s s yed s s yel s s yelg s s yelm s s yelb s s yels s s yelt 쏘 쏙 쏚 쏛 쏜 쏝 쏞 쏟 쏠 쏡 쏢 쏣 쏤 쏥 sso ssog ssogg ssogs sson s s o nj s s o nh ssod ssol s s o lg s s o lm s s o lb s s o ls s s o lt 쏴 쏵 쏶 쏷 쏸 쏹 쏺 쏻 쏼 쏽 쏾 쏿 쐀 쐁 s s wa s s wag s s wag g s s wag s s s wan s s wanj s s wanh s s wad s s wal s s walg s s walm s s walb s s wals s s walt 쐐 쐑 쐒 쐓 쐔 쐕 쐖 쐗 쐘 쐙 쐚 쐛 쐜 쐝 s s wae s s waeg s s waeg g s s waeg s s s waen s s waenj s s waenh s s waed s s wael s s waelg s s waelm s s waelb s s waels s s waelt 쐬 쐭 쐮 쐯 쐰 쐱 쐲 쐳 쐴 쐵 쐶 쐷 쐸 쐹 ssoe s s o eg s s o eg g s s o eg s s s o en s s o enj s s o enh s s o ed s s o el s s o elg s s o elm s s o elb s s o els s s o elt 쑈 쑉 쑊 쑋 쑌 쑍 쑎 쑏 쑐 쑑 쑒 쑓 쑔 쑕 s s yo s s yo g s s yo g g s s yo g s s s yo n s s yo nj s s yo nh s s yo d s s yo l s s yo lg s s yo lm s s yo lb s s yo ls s s yo lt 쑤 쑥 쑦 쑧 쑨 쑩 쑪 쑫 쑬 쑭 쑮 쑯 쑰 쑱 ssu s s ug s s ug g s s ug s s s un s s unj s s unh s s ud s s ul s s ulg s s ulm s s ulb s s uls s s ult 쒀 쒁 쒂 쒃 쒄 쒅 쒆 쒇 쒈 쒉 쒊 쒋 쒌 쒍 s s weo s s weo g s s weo g g s s weo g s s s weo n s s weo nj s s weo nh s s weo d s s weo l s s weo lg s s weo lm s s weo lb s s weo ls s s weo lt 쒜 쒝 쒞 쒟 쒠 쒡 쒢 쒣 쒤 쒥 쒦 쒧 쒨 쒩 s s we s s weg s s weg g s s weg s s s wen s s wenj s s wenh s s wed s s wel s s welg s s welm s s welb s s wels s s welt 쒸 쒹 쒺 쒻 쒼 쒽 쒾 쒿 쓀 쓁 쓂 쓃 쓄 쓅 s s wi s s wig s s wig g s s wig s s s win s s winj s s winh s s wid s s wil s s wilg s s wilm s s wilb s s wils s s wilt 쓔 쓕 쓖 쓗 쓘 쓙 쓚 쓛 쓜 쓝 쓞 쓟 쓠 쓡 s s yu s s yug s s yug g s s yug s s s yun s s yunj s s yunh s s yud s s yul s s yulg s s yulm s s yulb s s yuls s s yult 쓰 쓱 쓲 쓳 쓴 쓵 쓶 쓷 쓸 쓹 쓺 쓻 쓼 쓽 s s eu s s eug s s eug g s s eug s s s eun s s eunj s s eunh s s eud s s eul s s eulg s s eulm s s eulb s s euls s s eult 씌 씍 씎 씏 씐 씑 씒 씓 씔 씕 씖 씗 씘 씙 s s yi s s yig s s yig g s s yig s s s yin s s yinj s s yinh s s yid s s yil s s yilg s s yilm s s yilb s s yils s s yilt 씨 씩 씪 씫 씬 씭 씮 씯 씰 씱 씲 씳 씴 씵 ssi s s ig s s ig g s s ig s s s in s s inj s s inh s s id s s il s s ilg s s ilm s s ilb s s ils s s ilt

41 ㅆ ㅏ ss a ㅆ ㅐ ss ae ㅆ ㅑ ss ya ㅆ ㅒ ss yae ㅆ ㅓ ss eo ㅆ ㅔ ss e ㅆ ㅕ ss yeo ㅆ ㅖ ss ye ㅆ ㅗ ss o ㅆ ㅘ ss wa ㅆ ㅙ ss wae ㅆ ㅚ ss oe ㅆ ㅛ ss yo ㅆ ㅜ ss u ㅆ ㅝ ss weo ㅆ ㅞ ss we ㅆ ㅟ ss wi ㅆ ㅠ ss yu ㅆ ㅡ ss eu ㅆ ㅢ ss yi ㅆ ㅣ ss i ㄿ lp 쌆 ㅀ lh 쌇 ㅁ m 쌈 ㅂ b 쌉 ㅄ bs 쌊 ㅅ s 쌋 ㅆ ss 쌌 ㅇ ng 쌍 ㅈ j 쌎 ㅊ ch 쌏 ㅋ k 쌐 ㅌ t 쌑 ㅍ p 쌒 ㅎ h 쌓 s s alp s s alh s s am s s ab s s ab s s s as s s as s s s ang s s aj s s ach s s ak s s at s s ap s s ah 쌢 쌣 쌤 쌥 쌦 쌧 쌨 쌩 쌪 쌫 쌬 쌭 쌮 쌯 s s aelp s s aelh s s aem s s aeb s s aeb s s s aes s s aes s s s aeng s s aej s s aech s s aek s s aet s s aep s s aeh 쌾 쌿 썀 썁 썂 썃 썄 썅 썆 썇 썈 썉 썊 썋 s s yalp s s yalh s s yam s s yab s s yab s s s yas s s yas s s s yang s s yaj s s yach s s yak s s yat s s yap s s yah 썚 썛 썜 썝 썞 썟 썠 썡 썢 썣 썤 썥 썦 썧 s s yaelp s s yaelh s s yaem s s yaeb s s yaeb s s s yaes s s yaes s s s yaeng s s yaej s s yaech s s yaek s s yaet s s yaep s s yaeh 썶 썷 썸 썹 썺 썻 썼 썽 썾 썿 쎀 쎁 쎂 쎃 s s eo lp s s eo lh s s eo m s s eo b s s eo b s s s eo s s s eo s s s s eo ng s s eo j s s eo ch s s eo k s s eo t s s eo p s s eo h 쎒 쎓 쎔 쎕 쎖 쎗 쎘 쎙 쎚 쎛 쎜 쎝 쎞 쎟 s s elp s s elh s s em s s eb s s eb s s s es s s es s s s eng s s ej s s ech s s ek s s et s s ep s s eh 쎮 쎯 쎰 쎱 쎲 쎳 쎴 쎵 쎶 쎷 쎸 쎹 쎺 쎻 s s yeo lp s s yeo lh s s yeo m s s yeo b s s yeo b s s s yeo s s s yeo s s s s yeo ng s s yeo j s s yeo ch s s yeo k s s yeo t s s yeo p s s yeo h 쏊 쏋 쏌 쏍 쏎 쏏 쏐 쏑 쏒 쏓 쏔 쏕 쏖 쏗 s s yelp s s yelh s s yem s s yeb s s yeb s s s yes s s yes s s s yeng s s yej s s yech s s yek s s yet s s yep s s yeh 쏦 쏧 쏨 쏩 쏪 쏫 쏬 쏭 쏮 쏯 쏰 쏱 쏲 쏳 s s o lp s s o lh ssom ssob ssobs ssos ssoss s s o ng ssoj s s o ch ssok ssot ssop ssoh 쐂 쐃 쐄 쐅 쐆 쐇 쐈 쐉 쐊 쐋 쐌 쐍 쐎 쐏 s s walp s s walh s s wam s s wab s s wab s s s was s s was s s s wang s s waj s s wach s s wak s s wat s s wap s s wah 쐞 쐟 쐠 쐡 쐢 쐣 쐤 쐥 쐦 쐧 쐨 쐩 쐪 쐫 s s waelp s s waelh s s waem s s waeb s s waeb s s s waes s s waes s s s waeng s s waej s s waech s s waek s s waet s s waep s s waeh 쐺 쐻 쐼 쐽 쐾 쐿 쑀 쑁 쑂 쑃 쑄 쑅 쑆 쑇 s s o elp s s o elh s s o em s s o eb s s o eb s s s o es s s o es s s s o eng s s o ej s s o ech s s o ek s s o et s s o ep s s o eh 쑖 쑗 쑘 쑙 쑚 쑛 쑜 쑝 쑞 쑟 쑠 쑡 쑢 쑣 s s yo lp s s yo lh s s yo m s s yo b s s yo b s s s yo s s s yo s s s s yo ng s s yo j s s yo ch s s yo k s s yo t s s yo p s s yo h 쑲 쑳 쑴 쑵 쑶 쑷 쑸 쑹 쑺 쑻 쑼 쑽 쑾 쑿 s s ulp s s ulh s s um s s ub s s ub s s s us s s us s s s ung s s uj s s uch s s uk s s ut s s up s s uh 쒎 쒏 쒐 쒑 쒒 쒓 쒔 쒕 쒖 쒗 쒘 쒙 쒚 쒛 s s weo lp s s weo lh s s weo m s s weo b s s weo b s s s weo s s s weo s s s s weo ng s s weo j s s weo ch s s weo k s s weo t s s weo p s s weo h 쒪 쒫 쒬 쒭 쒮 쒯 쒰 쒱 쒲 쒳 쒴 쒵 쒶 쒷 s s welp s s welh s s wem s s web s s web s s s wes s s wes s s s weng s s wej s s wech s s wek s s wet s s wep s s weh 쓆 쓇 쓈 쓉 쓊 쓋 쓌 쓍 쓎 쓏 쓐 쓑 쓒 쓓 s s wilp s s wilh s s wim s s wib s s wib s s s wis s s wis s s s wing s s wij s s wich s s wik s s wit s s wip s s wih 쓢 쓣 쓤 쓥 쓦 쓧 쓨 쓩 쓪 쓫 쓬 쓭 쓮 쓯 s s yulp s s yulh s s yum s s yub s s yub s s s yus s s yus s s s yung s s yuj s s yuch s s yuk s s yut s s yup s s yuh 쓾 쓿 씀 씁 씂 씃 씄 씅 씆 씇 씈 씉 씊 씋 s s eulp s s eulh s s eum s s eub s s eub s s s eus s s eus s s s eung s s euj s s euch s s euk s s eut s s eup s s euh 씚 씛 씜 씝 씞 씟 씠 씡 씢 씣 씤 씥 씦 씧 s s yilp s s yilh s s yim s s yib s s yib s s s yis s s yis s s s ying s s yij s s yich s s yik s s yit s s yip s s yih 씶 씷 씸 씹 씺 씻 씼 씽 씾 씿 앀 앁 앂 앃 s s ilp s s ilh s s im s s ib s s ib s s s is s s is s s s ing s s ij s s ich s s ik s s it s s ip s s ih

42 Table 1.16: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅇ (vowel sounds) ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 아 ㄱ g 악 ㄲ gg 앆 ㄳ gs 앇 ㄴ n 안 ㄵ nj 앉 ㄶ nh 않 ㄷ d 앋 ㄹ l 알 ㄺ lg 앍 ㄻ lm 앎 ㄼ lb 앏 ㄽ ls 앐 ㄾ lt 앑 a ag ag g ag s an anj anh ad al alg alm alb als alt 애 액 앢 앣 앤 앥 앦 앧 앨 앩 앪 앫 앬 앭 ae aeg aeg g aeg s aen aenj aenh aed ael aelg aelm aelb aels aelt 야 약 앾 앿 얀 얁 얂 얃 얄 얅 얆 얇 얈 얉 ya yag yag g yag s yan yanj yanh yad yal yalg yalm yalb yals yalt 얘 얙 얚 얛 얜 얝 얞 얟 얠 얡 얢 얣 얤 얥 yae yaeg yaeg g yaeg s yaen yaenj yaenh yaed yael yaelg yaelm yaelb yaels yaelt 어 억 얶 얷 언 얹 얺 얻 얼 얽 얾 얿 엀 엁 eo eo g eo g g eo g s eo n eo nj eo nh eo d eo l eo lg eo lm eo lb eo ls eo lt 에 엑 엒 엓 엔 엕 엖 엗 엘 엙 엚 엛 엜 엝 e eg eg g eg s en enj enh ed el elg elm elb els elt 여 역 엮 엯 연 엱 엲 엳 열 엵 엶 엷 엸 엹 yeo yeo g yeo g g yeo g s yeo n yeo nj yeo nh yeo d yeo l yeo lg yeo lm yeo lb yeo ls yeo lt 예 옉 옊 옋 옌 옍 옎 옏 옐 옑 옒 옓 옔 옕 ye yeg yeg g yeg s yen yenj yenh yed yel yelg yelm yelb yels yelt 오 옥 옦 옧 온 옩 옪 옫 올 옭 옮 옯 옰 옱 o og ogg ogs on o nj o nh od ol o lg o lm o lb o ls o lt 와 왁 왂 왃 완 왅 왆 왇 왈 왉 왊 왋 왌 왍 wa wag wag g wag s wan wanj wanh wad wal walg walm walb wals walt 왜 왝 왞 왟 왠 왡 왢 왣 왤 왥 왦 왧 왨 왩 wae waeg waeg g waeg s waen waenj waenh waed wael waelg waelm waelb waels waelt 외 왹 왺 왻 왼 왽 왾 왿 욀 욁 욂 욃 욄 욅 oe o eg o eg g o eg s o en o enj o enh o ed o el o elg o elm o elb o els o elt 요 욕 욖 욗 욘 욙 욚 욛 욜 욝 욞 욟 욠 욡 yo yo g yo g g yo g s yo n yo nj yo nh yo d yo l yo lg yo lm yo lb yo ls yo lt 우 욱 욲 욳 운 욵 욶 욷 울 욹 욺 욻 욼 욽 u ug ug g ug s un unj unh ud ul ulg ulm ulb uls ult 워 웍 웎 웏 원 웑 웒 웓 월 웕 웖 웗 웘 웙 weo weo g weo g g weo g s weo n weo nj weo nh weo d weo l weo lg weo lm weo lb weo ls weo lt 웨 웩 웪 웫 웬 웭 웮 웯 웰 웱 웲 웳 웴 웵 we weg weg g weg s wen wenj wenh wed wel welg welm welb wels welt 위 윅 윆 윇 윈 윉 윊 윋 윌 윍 윎 윏 윐 윑 wi wig wig g wig s win winj winh wid wil wilg wilm wilb wils wilt 유 육 윢 윣 윤 윥 윦 윧 율 윩 윪 윫 윬 윭 yu yug yug g yug s yun yunj yunh yud yul yulg yulm yulb yuls yult 으 윽 윾 윿 은 읁 읂 읃 을 읅 읆 읇 읈 읉 eu eug eug g eug s eun eunj eunh eud eul eulg eulm eulb euls eult 의 읙 읚 읛 읜 읝 읞 읟 읠 읡 읢 읣 읤 읥 yi yig yig g yig s yin yinj yinh yid yil yilg yilm yilb yils yilt 이 익 읶 읷 인 읹 읺 읻 일 읽 읾 읿 잀 잁 i ig ig g ig s in inj inh id il ilg ilm ilb ils ilt

43 ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅇ ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i ㄿ lp 앒 ㅀ lh 앓 ㅁ m 암 ㅂ b 압 ㅄ bs 앖 ㅅ s 앗 ㅆ ss 았 ㅇ ng 앙 ㅈ j 앚 ㅊ ch 앛 ㅋ k 앜 ㅌ t 앝 ㅍ p 앞 ㅎ h 앟 alp alh am ab ab s as as s ang aj ach ak at ap ah 앮 앯 앰 앱 앲 앳 앴 앵 앶 앷 앸 앹 앺 앻 aelp aelh aem aeb aeb s aes aes s aeng aej aech aek aet aep aeh 얊 얋 얌 얍 얎 얏 얐 양 얒 얓 얔 얕 얖 얗 yalp yalh yam yab yab s yas yas s yang yaj yach yak yat yap yah 얦 얧 얨 얩 얪 얫 얬 얭 얮 얯 얰 얱 얲 얳 yaelp yaelh yaem yaeb yaeb s yaes yaes s yaeng yaej yaech yaek yaet yaep yaeh 엂 엃 엄 업 없 엇 었 엉 엊 엋 엌 엍 엎 엏 eo lp eo lh eo m eo b eo b s eo s eo s s eo ng eo j eo ch eo k eo t eo p eo h 엞 엟 엠 엡 엢 엣 엤 엥 엦 엧 엨 엩 엪 엫 elp elh em eb eb s es es s eng ej ech ek et ep eh 엺 엻 염 엽 엾 엿 였 영 옂 옃 옄 옅 옆 옇 yeo lp yeo lh yeo m yeo b yeo b s yeo s yeo s s yeo ng yeo j yeo ch yeo k yeo t yeo p yeo h 옖 옗 옘 옙 옚 옛 옜 옝 옞 옟 옠 옡 옢 옣 yelp yelh yem yeb yeb s yes yes s yeng yej yech yek yet yep yeh 옲 옳 옴 옵 옶 옷 옸 옹 옺 옻 옼 옽 옾 옿 o lp o lh om ob obs os oss o ng oj o ch ok ot op oh 왛 왎 왏 왐 왑 왒 왓 왔 왕 왖 왗 왘 왙 왚 walp walh wam wab wab s was was s wang waj wach wak wat wap wah 왪 왫 왬 왭 왮 왯 왰 왱 왲 왳 왴 왵 왶 왷 waelp waelh waem waeb waeb s waes waes s waeng waej waech waek waet waep waeh 욆 욇 욈 욉 욊 욋 욌 욍 욎 욏 욐 욑 욒 욓 o elp o elh o em o eb o eb s o es o es s o eng o ej o ech o ek o et o ep o eh 욢 욣 욤 욥 욦 욧 욨 용 욪 욫 욬 욭 욮 욯 yo lp yo lh yo m yo b yo b s yo s yo s s yo ng yo j yo ch yo k yo t yo p yo h 욾 욿 움 웁 웂 웃 웄 웅 웆 웇 웈 웉 웊 웋 ulp ulh um ub ub s us us s ung uj uch uk ut up uh 웚 웛 웜 웝 웞 웟 웠 웡 웢 웣 웤 웥 웦 웧 weo lp weo lh weo m weo b weo b s weo s weo s s weo ng weo j weo ch weo k weo t weo p weo h 윃 웶 웷 웸 웹 웺 웻 웼 웽 웾 웿 윀 윁 윂 welp welh wem web web s wes wes s weng wej wech wek wet wep weh 윒 윓 윔 윕 윖 윗 윘 윙 윚 윛 윜 윝 윞 윟 wilp wilh wim wib wib s wis wis s wing wij wich wik wit wip wih 윮 윯 윰 윱 윲 윳 윴 융 윶 윷 윸 윹 윺 윻 yulp yulh yum yub yub s yus yus s yung yuj yuch yuk yut yup yuh 읊 읋 음 읍 읎 읏 읐 응 읒 읓 읔 읕 읖 읗 eulp eulh eum eub eub s eus eus s eung euj euch euk eut eup euh 읦 읧 읨 읩 읪 읫 읬 읭 읮 읯 읰 읱 읲 읳 yilp yilh yim yib yib s yis yis s ying yij yich yik yit yip yih 잂 잃 임 입 잆 잇 있 잉 잊 잋 잌 잍 잎 잏 ilp ilh im ib ib s is is s ing ij ich ik it ip ih

44 Table 1.17: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅈ (j) ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅈ j ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 자 ㄱ g 작 ㄲ gg 잒 ㄳ gs 잓 ㄴ n 잔 ㄵ nj 잕 ㄶ nh 잖 ㄷ d 잗 ㄹ l 잘 ㄺ lg 잙 ㄻ lm 잚 ㄼ lb 잛 ㄽ ls 잜 ㄾ lt 잝 ja jag jag g jag s jan janj janh jad jal jalg jalm jalb jals jalt 재 잭 잮 잯 잰 잱 잲 잳 잴 잵 잶 잷 잸 잹 jae jaeg jaeg g jaeg s jaen jaenj jaenh jaed jael jaelg jaelm jaelb jaels jaelt 쟈 쟉 쟊 쟋 쟌 쟍 쟎 쟏 쟐 쟑 쟒 쟓 쟔 쟕 jya jyag jyag g jyag s jyan jyanj jyanh jyad jyal jyalg jyalm jyalb jyals jyalt 쟤 쟥 쟦 쟧 쟨 쟩 쟪 쟫 쟬 쟭 쟮 쟯 쟰 쟱 jyae jyaeg jyaeg g jyaeg s jyaen jyaenj jyaenh jyaed jyael jyaelg jyaelm jyaelb jyaels jyaelt 저 적 젂 젃 전 젅 젆 젇 절 젉 젊 젋 젌 젍 jeo jeo g jeo g g jeo g s jeo n jeo nj jeo nh jeo d jeo l jeo lg jeo lm jeo lb jeo ls jeo lt 제 젝 젞 젟 젠 젡 젢 젣 젤 젥 젦 젧 젨 젩 je jeg jeg g jeg s jen jenj jenh jed jel jelg jelm jelb jels jelt 져 젹 젺 젻 젼 젽 젾 젿 졀 졁 졂 졃 졄 졅 jyeo jyeo g jyeo g g jyeo g s jyeo n jyeo nj jyeo nh jyeo d jyeo l jyeo lg jyeo lm jyeo lb jyeo ls jyeo lt 졔 졕 졖 졗 졘 졙 졚 졛 졜 졝 졞 졟 졠 졡 jye jyeg jyeg g jyeg s jyen jyenj jyenh jyed jyel jyelg jyelm jyelb jyels jyelt 조 족 졲 졳 존 졵 졶 졷 졸 졹 졺 졻 졼 졽 jo jo g jo g g jo g s jo n jo nj jo nh jo d jo l jo lg jo lm jo lb jo ls jo lt 좌 좍 좎 좏 좐 좑 좒 좓 좔 좕 좖 좗 좘 좙 jwa jwag jwag g jwag s jwan jwanj jwanh jwad jwal jwalg jwalm jwalb jwals jwalt 좨 좩 좪 좫 좬 좭 좮 좯 좰 좱 좲 좳 좴 좵 jwae jwaeg jwaeg g jwaeg s jwaen jwaenj jwaenh jwaed jwael jwaelg jwaelm jwaelb jwaels jwaelt 죄 죅 죆 죇 죈 죉 죊 죋 죌 죍 죎 죏 죐 죑 jo e jo eg jo eg g jo eg s jo en jo enj jo enh jo ed jo el jo elg jo elm jo elb jo els jo elt 죠 죡 죢 죣 죤 죥 죦 죧 죨 죩 죪 죫 죬 죭 jyo jyo g jyo g g jyo g s jyo n jyo nj jyo nh jyo d jyo l jyo lg jyo lm jyo lb jyo ls jyo lt 주 죽 죾 죿 준 줁 줂 줃 줄 줅 줆 줇 줈 줉 ju jug jug g jug s jun junj junh jud jul julg julm julb juls jult 줘 줙 줚 줛 줜 줝 줞 줟 줠 줡 줢 줣 줤 줥 jweo jweo g jweo g g jweo g s jweo n jweo nj jweo nh jweo d jweo l jweo lg jweo lm jweo lb jweo ls jweo lt 줴 줵 줶 줷 줸 줹 줺 줻 줼 줽 줾 줿 쥀 쥁 jwe jweg jweg g jweg s jwen jwenj jwenh jwed jwel jwelg jwelm jwelb jwels jwelt 쥐 쥑 쥒 쥓 쥔 쥕 쥖 쥗 쥘 쥙 쥚 쥛 쥜 쥝 jwi jwig jwig g jwig s jwin jwinj jwinh jwid jwil jwilg jwilm jwilb jwils jwilt 쥬 쥭 쥮 쥯 쥰 쥱 쥲 쥳 쥴 쥵 쥶 쥷 쥸 쥹 jyu jyug jyug g jyug s jyun jyunj jyunh jyud jyul jyulg jyulm jyulb jyuls jyult 즈 즉 즊 즋 즌 즍 즎 즏 즐 즑 즒 즓 즔 즕 jeu jeug jeug g jeug s jeun jeunj jeunh jeud jeul jeulg jeulm jeulb jeuls jeult 즤 즥 즦 즧 즨 즩 즪 즫 즬 즭 즮 즯 즰 즱 jyi jyig jyig g jyig s jyin jyinj jyinh jyid jyil jyilg jyilm jyilb jyils jyilt 지 직 짂 짃 진 짅 짆 짇 질 짉 짊 짋 짌 짍 ji jig jig g jig s jin jinj jinh jid jil jilg jilm jilb jils jilt

45 ㅈ ㅏ j a ㅈ ㅐ j ae ㅈ ㅑ j ya ㅈ ㅒ j yae ㅈ ㅓ j eo ㅈ ㅔ j e ㅈ ㅕ j yeo ㅈ ㅖ j ye ㅈ ㅗ j o ㅈ ㅘ j wa ㅈ ㅙ j wae ㅈ ㅚ j oe ㅈ ㅛ j yo ㅈ ㅜ j u ㅈ ㅝ j weo ㅈ ㅞ j we ㅈ ㅟ j wi ㅈ ㅠ j yu ㅈ ㅡ j eu ㅈ ㅢ j yi ㅈ ㅣ j i ㄿ lp 잞 ㅀ lh 잟 ㅁ m 잠 ㅂ b 잡 ㅄ bs 잢 ㅅ s 잣 ㅆ ss 잤 ㅇ ng 장 ㅈ j 잦 ㅊ ch 잧 ㅋ k 잨 ㅌ t 잩 ㅍ p 잪 ㅎ h 잫 jalp jalh jam jab jab s jas jas s jang jaj jach jak jat jap jah 쟇 잺 잻 잼 잽 잾 잿 쟀 쟁 쟂 쟃 쟄 쟅 쟆 jaelp jaelh jaem jaeb jaeb s jaes jaes s jaeng jaej jaech jaek jaet jaep jaeh 쟖 쟗 쟘 쟙 쟚 쟛 쟜 쟝 쟞 쟟 쟠 쟡 쟢 쟣 jyalp jyalh jyam jyab jyab s jyas jyas s jyang jyaj jyach jyak jyat jyap jyah 쟲 쟳 쟴 쟵 쟶 쟷 쟸 쟹 쟺 쟻 쟼 쟽 쟾 쟿 jyaelp jyaelh jyaem jyaeb jyaeb s jyaes jyaes s jyaeng jyaej jyaech jyaek jyaet jyaep jyaeh 젛 젎 젏 점 접 젒 젓 젔 정 젖 젗 젘 젙 젚 jeo lp jeo lh jeo m jeo b jeo b s jeo s jeo s s jeo ng jeo j jeo ch jeo k jeo t jeo p jeo h 젪 젫 젬 젭 젮 젯 젰 젱 젲 젳 젴 젵 젶 젷 jelp jelh jem jeb jeb s jes jes s jeng jej jech jek jet jep jeh 졆 졇 졈 졉 졊 졋 졌 졍 졎 졏 졐 졑 졒 졓 jyeo lp jyeo lh jyeo m jyeo b jyeo b s jyeo s jyeo s s jyeo ng jyeo j jyeo ch jyeo k jyeo t jyeo p jyeo h 졯 졢 졣 졤 졥 졦 졧 졨 졩 졪 졫 졬 졭 졮 jyelp jyelh jyem jyeb jyeb s jyes jyes s jyeng jyej jyech jyek jyet jyep jyeh 졾 졿 좀 좁 좂 좃 좄 종 좆 좇 좈 좉 좊 좋 jo lp jo lh jo m jo b jo b s jo s jo s s jo ng jo j jo ch jo k jo t jo p jo h 좚 좛 좜 좝 좞 좟 좠 좡 좢 좣 좤 좥 좦 좧 jwalp jwalh jwam jwab jwab s jwas jwas s jwang jwaj jwach jwak jwat jwap jwah 좶 좷 좸 좹 좺 좻 좼 좽 좾 좿 죀 죁 죂 죃 jwaelp jwaelh jwaem jwaeb jwaeb s jwaes jwaes s jwaeng jwaej jwaech jwaek jwaet jwaep jwaeh 죒 죓 죔 죕 죖 죗 죘 죙 죚 죛 죜 죝 죞 죟 jo elp jo elh jo em jo eb jo eb s jo es jo es s jo eng jo ej jo ech jo ek jo et jo ep jo eh 죻 죮 죯 죰 죱 죲 죳 죴 죵 죶 죷 죸 죹 죺 jyo lp jyo lh jyo m jyo b jyo b s jyo s jyo s s jyo ng jyo j jyo ch jyo k jyo t jyo p jyo h 줊 줋 줌 줍 줎 줏 줐 중 줒 줓 줔 줕 줖 줗 julp julh jum jub jub s jus jus s jung juj juch juk jut jup juh 줦 줧 줨 줩 줪 줫 줬 줭 줮 줯 줰 줱 줲 줳 jweo lp jweo lh jweo m jweo b jweo b s jweo s jweo s s jweo ng jweo j jweo ch jweo k jweo t jweo p jweo h 쥂 쥃 쥄 쥅 쥆 쥇 쥈 쥉 쥊 쥋 쥌 쥍 쥎 쥏 jwelp jwelh jwem jweb jweb s jwes jwes s jweng jwej jwech jwek jwet jwep jweh 쥞 쥟 쥠 쥡 쥢 쥣 쥤 쥥 쥦 쥧 쥨 쥩 쥪 쥫 jwilp jwilh jwim jwib jwib s jwis jwis s jwing jwij jwich jwik jwit jwip jwih 즇 쥺 쥻 쥼 쥽 쥾 쥿 즀 즁 즂 즃 즄 즅 즆 jyulp jyulh jyum jyub jyub s jyus jyus s jyung jyuj jyuch jyuk jyut jyup jyuh 즖 즗 즘 즙 즚 즛 즜 증 즞 즟 즠 즡 즢 즣 jeulp jeulh jeum jeub jeub s jeus jeus s jeung jeuj jeuch jeuk jeut jeup jeuh 즲 즳 즴 즵 즶 즷 즸 즹 즺 즻 즼 즽 즾 즿 jyilp jyilh jyim jyib jyib s jyis jyis s jying jyij jyich jyik jyit jyip jyih 짎 짏 짐 집 짒 짓 짔 징 짖 짗 짘 짙 짚 짛 jilp jilh jim jib jib s jis jis s jing jij jich jik jit jip jih

46 Table 1.18: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅉ (jj) ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅉ jj ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 짜 ㄱ g 짝 ㄲ gg 짞 ㄳ gs 짟 ㄴ n 짠 ㄵ nj 짡 ㄶ nh 짢 ㄷ d 짣 ㄹ l 짤 ㄺ lg 짥 ㄻ lm 짦 ㄼ lb 짧 ㄽ ls 짨 ㄾ lt 짩 jja jjag jjag g jjag s jjan jjanj jjanh jjad jjal jjalg jjalm jjalb jjals jjalt 째 짹 짺 짻 짼 짽 짾 짿 쨀 쨁 쨂 쨃 쨄 쨅 jjae jjaeg jjaeg g jjaeg s jjaen jjaenj jjaenh jjaed jjael jjaelg jjaelm jjaelb jjaels jjaelt 쨔 쨕 쨖 쨗 쨘 쨙 쨚 쨛 쨜 쨝 쨞 쨟 쨠 쨡 jjya jjyag jjyag g jjyag s jjyan jjyanj jjyanh jjyad jjyal jjyalg jjyalm jjyalb jjyals jjyalt 쨰 쨱 쨲 쨳 쨴 쨵 쨶 쨷 쨸 쨹 쨺 쨻 쨼 쨽 jjyae jjyaeg jjyaeg g jjyaeg s jjyaen jjyaenj jjyaenh jjyaed jjyael jjyaelg jjyaelm jjyaelb jjyaels jjyaelt 쩌 쩍 쩎 쩏 쩐 쩑 쩒 쩓 쩔 쩕 쩖 쩗 쩘 쩙 jjeo jjeo g jjeo g g jjeo g s jjeo n jjeo nj jjeo nh jjeo d jjeo l jjeo lg jjeo lm jjeo lb jjeo ls jjeo lt 쩨 쩩 쩪 쩫 쩬 쩭 쩮 쩯 쩰 쩱 쩲 쩳 쩴 쩵 jje jjeg jjeg g jjeg s jjen jjenj jjenh jjed jjel jjelg jjelm jjelb jjels jjelt 쪄 쪅 쪆 쪇 쪈 쪉 쪊 쪋 쪌 쪍 쪎 쪏 쪐 쪑 jjyeo jjyeo g jjyeo g g jjyeo g s jjyeo n jjyeo nj jjyeo nh jjyeo d jjyeo l jjyeo lg jjyeo lm jjyeo lb jjyeo ls jjyeo lt 쪠 쪡 쪢 쪣 쪤 쪥 쪦 쪧 쪨 쪩 쪪 쪫 쪬 쪭 jjye jjyeg jjyeg g jjyeg s jjyen jjyenj jjyenh jjyed jjyel jjyelg jjyelm jjyelb jjyels jjyelt 쪼 쪽 쪾 쪿 쫀 쫁 쫂 쫃 쫄 쫅 쫆 쫇 쫈 쫉 jjo jjo g jjo g g jjo g s jjo n jjo nj jjo nh jjo d jjo l jjo lg jjo lm jjo lb jjo ls jjo lt 쫘 쫙 쫚 쫛 쫜 쫝 쫞 쫟 쫠 쫡 쫢 쫣 쫤 쫥 jjwa jjwag jjwag g jjwag s jjwan jjwanj jjwanh jjwad jjwal jjwalg jjwalm jjwalb jjwals jjwalt 쫴 쫵 쫶 쫷 쫸 쫹 쫺 쫻 쫼 쫽 쫾 쫿 쬀 쬁 jjwae jjwaeg jjwaeg g jjwaeg s jjwaen jjwaenj jjwaenh jjwaed jjwael jjwaelg jjwaelm jjwaelb jjwaels jjwaelt 쬐 쬑 쬒 쬓 쬔 쬕 쬖 쬗 쬘 쬙 쬚 쬛 쬜 쬝 jjo e jjo eg jjo eg g jjo eg s jjo en jjo enj jjo enh jjo ed jjo el jjo elg jjo elm jjo elb jjo els jjo elt 쬬 쬭 쬮 쬯 쬰 쬱 쬲 쬳 쬴 쬵 쬶 쬷 쬸 쬹 jjyo jjyo g jjyo g g jjyo g s jjyo n jjyo nj jjyo nh jjyo d jjyo l jjyo lg jjyo lm jjyo lb jjyo ls jjyo lt 쭈 쭉 쭊 쭋 쭌 쭍 쭎 쭏 쭐 쭑 쭒 쭓 쭔 쭕 jju jjug jjug g jjug s jjun jjunj jjunh jjud jjul jjulg jjulm jjulb jjuls jjult 쭤 쭥 쭦 쭧 쭨 쭩 쭪 쭫 쭬 쭭 쭮 쭯 쭰 쭱 jjweo jjweo g jjweo g g jjweo g s jjweo n jjweo nj jjweo nh jjweo d jjweo l jjweo lg jjweo lm jjweo lb jjweo ls jjweo lt 쮀 쮁 쮂 쮃 쮄 쮅 쮆 쮇 쮈 쮉 쮊 쮋 쮌 쮍 jjwe jjweg jjweg g jjweg s jjwen jjwenj jjwenh jjwed jjwel jjwelg jjwelm jjwelb jjwels jjwelt 쮜 쮝 쮞 쮟 쮠 쮡 쮢 쮣 쮤 쮥 쮦 쮧 쮨 쮩 jjwi jjwig jjwig g jjwig s jjwin jjwinj jjwinh jjwid jjwil jjwilg jjwilm jjwilb jjwils jjwilt 쮸 쮹 쮺 쮻 쮼 쮽 쮾 쮿 쯀 쯁 쯂 쯃 쯄 쯅 jjyu jjyug jjyug g jjyug s jjyun jjyunj jjyunh jjyud jjyul jjyulg jjyulm jjyulb jjyuls jjyult 쯔 쯕 쯖 쯗 쯘 쯙 쯚 쯛 쯜 쯝 쯞 쯟 쯠 쯡 jjeu jjeug jjeug g jjeug s jjeun jjeunj jjeunh jjeud jjeul jjeulg jjeulm jjeulb jjeuls jjeult 쯰 쯱 쯲 쯳 쯴 쯵 쯶 쯷 쯸 쯹 쯺 쯻 쯼 쯽 jjyi jjyig jjyig g jjyig s jjyin jjyinj jjyinh jjyid jjyil jjyilg jjyilm jjyilb jjyils jjyilt 찌 찍 찎 찏 찐 찑 찒 찓 찔 찕 찖 찗 찘 찙 jji jjig jjig g jjig s jjin jjinj jjinh jjid jjil jjilg jjilm jjilb jjils jjilt

47 ㅉ ㅏ jj a ㅉ ㅐ jj ae ㅉ ㅑ jj ya ㅉ ㅒ jj yae ㅉ ㅓ jj eo ㅉ ㅔ jj e ㅉ ㅕ jj yeo ㅉ ㅖ jj ye ㅉ ㅗ jj o ㅉ ㅘ jj wa ㅉ ㅙ jj wae ㅉ ㅚ jj oe ㅉ ㅛ jj yo ㅉ ㅜ jj u ㅉ ㅝ jj weo ㅉ ㅞ jj we ㅉ ㅟ jj wi ㅉ ㅠ jj yu ㅉ ㅡ jj eu ㅉ ㅢ jj yi ㅉ ㅣ jj i ㄿ lp 짪 ㅀ lh 짫 ㅁ m 짬 ㅂ b 짭 ㅄ bs 짮 ㅅ s 짯 ㅆ ss 짰 ㅇ ng 짱 ㅈ j 짲 ㅊ ch 짳 ㅋ k 짴 ㅌ t 짵 ㅍ p 짶 ㅎ h 짷 jjalp jjalh jjam jjab jjab s jjas jjas s jjang jjaj jjach jjak jjat jjap jjah 쨆 쨇 쨈 쨉 쨊 쨋 쨌 쨍 쨎 쨏 쨐 쨑 쨒 쨓 jjaelp jjaelh jjaem jjaeb jjaeb s jjaes jjaes s jjaeng jjaej jjaech jjaek jjaet jjaep jjaeh 쨢 쨣 쨤 쨥 쨦 쨧 쨨 쨩 쨪 쨫 쨬 쨭 쨮 쨯 jjyalp jjyalh jjyam jjyab jjyab s jjyas jjyas s jjyang jjyaj jjyach jjyak jjyat jjyap jjyah 쨾 쨿 쩀 쩁 쩂 쩃 쩄 쩅 쩆 쩇 쩈 쩉 쩊 쩋 jjyaelp jjyaelh jjyaem jjyaeb jjyaeb s jjyaes jjyaes s jjyaeng jjyaej jjyaech jjyaek jjyaet jjyaep jjyaeh 쩚 쩛 쩜 쩝 쩞 쩟 쩠 쩡 쩢 쩣 쩤 쩥 쩦 쩧 jjeo lp jjeo lh jjeo m jjeo b jjeo b s jjeo s jjeo s s jjeo ng jjeo j jjeo ch jjeo k jjeo t jjeo p jjeo h 쩶 쩷 쩸 쩹 쩺 쩻 쩼 쩽 쩾 쩿 쪀 쪁 쪂 쪃 jjelp jjelh jjem jjeb jjeb s jjes jjes s jjeng jjej jjech jjek jjet jjep jjeh 쪒 쪓 쪔 쪕 쪖 쪗 쪘 쪙 쪚 쪛 쪜 쪝 쪞 쪟 jjyeo lp jjyeo lh jjyeo m jjyeo b jjyeo b s jjyeo s jjyeo s s jjyeo ng jjyeo j jjyeo ch jjyeo k jjyeo t jjyeo p jjyeo h 쪮 쪯 쪰 쪱 쪲 쪳 쪴 쪵 쪶 쪷 쪸 쪹 쪺 쪻 jjyelp jjyelh jjyem jjyeb jjyeb s jjyes jjyes s jjyeng jjyej jjyech jjyek jjyet jjyep jjyeh 쫊 쫋 쫌 쫍 쫎 쫏 쫐 쫑 쫒 쫓 쫔 쫕 쫖 쫗 jjo lp jjo lh jjo m jjo b jjo b s jjo s jjo s s jjo ng jjo j jjo ch jjo k jjo t jjo p jjo h 쫦 쫧 쫨 쫩 쫪 쫫 쫬 쫭 쫮 쫯 쫰 쫱 쫲 쫳 jjwalp jjwalh jjwam jjwab jjwab s jjwas jjwas s jjwang jjwaj jjwach jjwak jjwat jjwap jjwah 쬂 쬃 쬄 쬅 쬆 쬇 쬈 쬉 쬊 쬋 쬌 쬍 쬎 쬏 jjwaelp jjwaelh jjwaem jjwaeb jjwaeb s jjwaes jjwaes s jjwaeng jjwaej jjwaech jjwaek jjwaet jjwaep jjwaeh 쬞 쬟 쬠 쬡 쬢 쬣 쬤 쬥 쬦 쬧 쬨 쬩 쬪 쬫 jjo elp jjo elh jjo em jjo eb jjo eb s jjo es jjo es s jjo eng jjo ej jjo ech jjo ek jjo et jjo ep jjo eh 쬺 쬻 쬼 쬽 쬾 쬿 쭀 쭁 쭂 쭃 쭄 쭅 쭆 쭇 jjyo lp jjyo lh jjyo m jjyo b jjyo b s jjyo s jjyo s s jjyo ng jjyo j jjyo ch jjyo k jjyo t jjyo p jjyo h 쭖 쭗 쭘 쭙 쭚 쭛 쭜 쭝 쭞 쭟 쭠 쭡 쭢 쭣 jjulp jjulh jjum jjub jjub s jjus jjus s jjung jjuj jjuch jjuk jjut jjup jjuh 쭲 쭳 쭴 쭵 쭶 쭷 쭸 쭹 쭺 쭻 쭼 쭽 쭾 쭿 jjweo lp jjweo lh jjweo m jjweo b jjweo b s jjweo s jjweo s s jjweo ng jjweo j jjweo ch jjweo k jjweo t jjweo p jjweo h 쮎 쮏 쮐 쮑 쮒 쮓 쮔 쮕 쮖 쮗 쮘 쮙 쮚 쮛 jjwelp jjwelh jjwem jjweb jjweb s jjwes jjwes s jjweng jjwej jjwech jjwek jjwet jjwep jjweh 쮪 쮫 쮬 쮭 쮮 쮯 쮰 쮱 쮲 쮳 쮴 쮵 쮶 쮷 jjwilp jjwilh jjwim jjwib jjwib s jjwis jjwis s jjwing jjwij jjwich jjwik jjwit jjwip jjwih 쯆 쯇 쯈 쯉 쯊 쯋 쯌 쯍 쯎 쯏 쯐 쯑 쯒 쯓 jjyulp jjyulh jjyum jjyub jjyub s jjyus jjyus s jjyung jjyuj jjyuch jjyuk jjyut jjyup jjyuh 쯢 쯣 쯤 쯥 쯦 쯧 쯨 쯩 쯪 쯫 쯬 쯭 쯮 쯯 jjeulp jjeulh jjeum jjeub jjeub s jjeus jjeus s jjeung jjeuj jjeuch jjeuk jjeut jjeup jjeuh 쯾 쯿 찀 찁 찂 찃 찄 찅 찆 찇 찈 찉 찊 찋 jjyilp jjyilh jjyim jjyib jjyib s jjyis jjyis s jjying jjyij jjyich jjyik jjyit jjyip jjyih 찚 찛 찜 찝 찞 찟 찠 찡 찢 찣 찤 찥 찦 찧 jjilp jjilh jjim jjib jjib s jjis jjis s jjing jjij jjich jjik jjit jjip jjih

48 Table 1.19: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅊ (ch) ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅊ c ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 차 ㄱ g 착 ㄲ gg 찪 ㄳ gs 찫 ㄴ n 찬 ㄵ nj 찭 ㄶ nh 찮 ㄷ d 찯 ㄹ l 찰 ㄺ lg 찱 ㄻ lm 찲 ㄼ lb 찳 ㄽ ls 찴 ㄾ lt 찵 ca cag cag g cag s can canj canh cad cal calg calm calb cals calt 채 책 챆 챇 챈 챉 챊 챋 챌 챍 챎 챏 챐 챑 cae caeg caeg g caeg s caen caenj caenh caed cael caelg caelm caelb caels caelt 챠 챡 챢 챣 챤 챥 챦 챧 챨 챩 챪 챫 챬 챭 cya cyag cyag g cyag s cyan cyanj cyanh cyad cyal cyalg cyalm cyalb cyals cyalt 챼 챽 챾 챿 첀 첁 첂 첃 첄 첅 첆 첇 첈 첉 cyae cyaeg cyaeg g cyaeg s cyaen cyaenj cyaenh cyaed cyael cyaelg cyaelm cyaelb cyaels cyaelt 처 척 첚 첛 천 첝 첞 첟 철 첡 첢 첣 첤 첥 ceo ceo g ceo g g ceo g s ceo n ceo nj ceo nh ceo d ceo l ceo lg ceo lm ceo lb ceo ls ceo lt 체 첵 첶 첷 첸 첹 첺 첻 첼 첽 첾 첿 쳀 쳁 ce ceg ceg g ceg s cen cenj cenh ced cel celg celm celb cels celt 쳐 쳑 쳒 쳓 쳔 쳕 쳖 쳗 쳘 쳙 쳚 쳛 쳜 쳝 cyeo cyeo g cyeo g g cyeo g s cyeo n cyeo nj cyeo nh cyeo d cyeo l cyeo lg cyeo lm cyeo lb cyeo ls cyeo lt 쳬 쳭 쳮 쳯 쳰 쳱 쳲 쳳 쳴 쳵 쳶 쳷 쳸 쳹 cye cyeg cyeg g cyeg s cyen cyenj cyenh cyed cyel cyelg cyelm cyelb cyels cyelt 초 촉 촊 촋 촌 촍 촎 촏 촐 촑 촒 촓 촔 촕 co co g co g g co g s co n co nj co nh co d co l co lg co lm co lb co ls co lt 촤 촥 촦 촧 촨 촩 촪 촫 촬 촭 촮 촯 촰 촱 cwa cwag cwag g cwag s cwan cwanj cwanh cwad cwal cwalg cwalm cwalb cwals cwalt 쵀 쵁 쵂 쵃 쵄 쵅 쵆 쵇 쵈 쵉 쵊 쵋 쵌 쵍 cwae cwaeg cwaeg g cwaeg s cwaen cwaenj cwaenh cwaed cwael cwaelg cwaelm cwaelb cwaels cwaelt 최 쵝 쵞 쵟 쵠 쵡 쵢 쵣 쵤 쵥 쵦 쵧 쵨 쵩 co e co eg co eg g co eg s co en co enj co enh co ed co el co elg co elm co elb co els co elt 쵸 쵹 쵺 쵻 쵼 쵽 쵾 쵿 춀 춁 춂 춃 춄 춅 cyo cyo g cyo g g cyo g s cyo n cyo nj cyo nh cyo d cyo l cyo lg cyo lm cyo lb cyo ls cyo lt 추 축 춖 춗 춘 춙 춚 춛 출 춝 춞 춟 춠 춡 cu cug cug g cug s cun cunj cunh cud cul culg culm culb culs cult 춰 춱 춲 춳 춴 춵 춶 춷 춸 춹 춺 춻 춼 춽 cweo cweo g cweo g g cweo g s cweo n cweo nj cweo nh cweo d cweo l cweo lg cweo lm cweo lb cweo ls cweo lt 췌 췍 췎 췏 췐 췑 췒 췓 췔 췕 췖 췗 췘 췙 cwe cweg cweg g cweg s cwen cwenj cwenh cwed cwel cwelg cwelm cwelb cwels cwelt 취 췩 췪 췫 췬 췭 췮 췯 췰 췱 췲 췳 췴 췵 cwi cwig cwig g cwig s cwin cwinj cwinh cwid cwil cwilg cwilm cwilb cwils cwilt 츄 츅 츆 츇 츈 츉 츊 츋 츌 츍 츎 츏 츐 츑 cyu cyug cyug g cyug s cyun cyunj cyunh cyud cyul cyulg cyulm cyulb cyuls cyult 츠 측 츢 츣 츤 츥 츦 츧 츨 츩 츪 츫 츬 츭 ceu ceug ceug g ceug s ceun ceunj ceunh ceud ceul ceulg ceulm ceulb ceuls ceult 츼 츽 츾 츿 칀 칁 칂 칃 칄 칅 칆 칇 칈 칉 cyi cyig cyig g cyig s cyin cyinj cyinh cyid cyil cyilg cyilm cyilb cyils cyilt 치 칙 칚 칛 친 칝 칞 칟 칠 칡 칢 칣 칤 칥 ci cig cig g cig s cin cinj cinh cid cil cilg cilm cilb cils cilt

49 ㅊ ㅏ c a ㅊ ㅐ c ae ㅊ ㅑ c ya ㅊ ㅒ c yae ㅊ ㅓ c eo ㅊ ㅔ c e ㅊ ㅕ c yeo ㅊ ㅖ c ye ㅊ ㅗ c o ㅊ ㅘ c wa ㅊ ㅙ c wae ㅊ ㅚ c oe ㅊ ㅛ c yo ㅊ ㅜ c u ㅊ ㅝ c weo ㅊ ㅞ c we ㅊ ㅟ c wi ㅊ ㅠ c yu ㅊ ㅡ c eu ㅊ ㅢ c yi ㅊ ㅣ c i ㄿ lp 찶 ㅀ lh 찷 ㅁ m 참 ㅂ b 찹 ㅄ bs 찺 ㅅ s 찻 ㅆ ss 찼 ㅇ ng 창 ㅈ j 찾 ㅊ ch 찿 ㅋ k 챀 ㅌ t 챁 ㅍ p 챂 ㅎ h 챃 calp calh cam cab cab s cas cas s cang caj cach cak cat cap cah 챒 챓 챔 챕 챖 챗 챘 챙 챚 챛 챜 챝 챞 챟 caelp caelh caem caeb caeb s caes caes s caeng caej caech caek caet caep caeh 챮 챯 챰 챱 챲 챳 챴 챵 챶 챷 챸 챹 챺 챻 cyalp cyalh cyam cyab cyab s cyas cyas s cyang cyaj cyach cyak cyat cyap cyah 첊 첋 첌 첍 첎 첏 첐 첑 첒 첓 첔 첕 첖 첗 cyaelp cyaelh cyaem cyaeb cyaeb s cyaes cyaes s cyaeng cyaej cyaech cyaek cyaet cyaep cyaeh 첦 첧 첨 첩 첪 첫 첬 청 첮 첯 첰 첱 첲 첳 ceo lp ceo lh ceo m ceo b ceo b s ceo s ceo s s ceo ng ceo j ceo ch ceo k ceo t ceo p ceo h 쳂 쳃 쳄 쳅 쳆 쳇 쳈 쳉 쳊 쳋 쳌 쳍 쳎 쳏 celp celh cem ceb ceb s ces ces s ceng cej cech cek cet cep ceh 쳞 쳟 쳠 쳡 쳢 쳣 쳤 쳥 쳦 쳧 쳨 쳩 쳪 쳫 cyeo lp cyeo lh cyeo m cyeo b cyeo b s cyeo s cyeo s s cyeo ng cyeo j cyeo ch cyeo k cyeo t cyeo p cyeo h 쳺 쳻 쳼 쳽 쳾 쳿 촀 촁 촂 촃 촄 촅 촆 촇 cyelp cyelh cyem cyeb cyeb s cyes cyes s cyeng cyej cyech cyek cyet cyep cyeh 촖 촗 촘 촙 촚 촛 촜 총 촞 촟 촠 촡 촢 촣 co lp co lh co m co b co b s co s co s s co ng co j co ch co k co t co p co h 촲 촳 촴 촵 촶 촷 촸 촹 촺 촻 촼 촽 촾 촿 cwalp cwalh cwam cwab cwab s cwas cwas s cwang cwaj cwach cwak cwat cwap cwah 쵎 쵏 쵐 쵑 쵒 쵓 쵔 쵕 쵖 쵗 쵘 쵙 쵚 쵛 cwaelp cwaelh cwaem cwaeb cwaeb s cwaes cwaes s cwaeng cwaej cwaech cwaek cwaet cwaep cwaeh 쵪 쵫 쵬 쵭 쵮 쵯 쵰 쵱 쵲 쵳 쵴 쵵 쵶 쵷 co elp co elh co em co eb co eb s co es co es s co eng co ej co ech co ek co et co ep co eh 춆 춇 춈 춉 춊 춋 춌 춍 춎 춏 춐 춑 춒 춓 cyo lp cyo lh cyo m cyo b cyo b s cyo s cyo s s cyo ng cyo j cyo ch cyo k cyo t cyo p cyo h 춢 춣 춤 춥 춦 춧 춨 충 춪 춫 춬 춭 춮 춯 culp culh cum cub cub s cus cus s cung cuj cuch cuk cut cup cuh 춾 춿 췀 췁 췂 췃 췄 췅 췆 췇 췈 췉 췊 췋 cweo lp cweo lh cweo m cweo b cweo b s cweo s cweo s s cweo ng cweo j cweo ch cweo k cweo t cweo p cweo h 췚 췛 췜 췝 췞 췟 췠 췡 췢 췣 췤 췥 췦 췧 cwelp cwelh cwem cweb cweb s cwes cwes s cweng cwej cwech cwek cwet cwep cweh 췶 췷 췸 췹 췺 췻 췼 췽 췾 췿 츀 츁 츂 츃 cwilp cwilh cwim cwib cwib s cwis cwis s cwing cwij cwich cwik cwit cwip cwih 츒 츓 츔 츕 츖 츗 츘 츙 츚 츛 츜 츝 츞 츟 cyulp cyulh cyum cyub cyub s cyus cyus s cyung cyuj cyuch cyuk cyut cyup cyuh 츮 츯 츰 츱 츲 츳 츴 층 츶 츷 츸 츹 츺 츻 ceulp ceulh ceum ceub ceub s ceus ceus s ceung ceuj ceuch ceuk ceut ceup ceuh 칊 칋 칌 칍 칎 칏 칐 칑 칒 칓 칔 칕 칖 칗 cyilp cyilh cyim cyib cyib s cyis cyis s cying cyij cyich cyik cyit cyip cyih 칦 칧 침 칩 칪 칫 칬 칭 칮 칯 칰 칱 칲 칳 cilp cilh cim cib cib s cis cis s cing cij cich cik cit cip cih

50 Table 1.20: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅋ (k) ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅋ k ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 카 ㄱ g 칵 ㄲ gg 칶 ㄳ gs 칷 ㄴ n 칸 ㄵ nj 칹 ㄶ nh 칺 ㄷ d 칻 ㄹ l 칼 ㄺ lg 칽 ㄻ lm 칾 ㄼ lb 칿 ㄽ ls 캀 ㄾ lt 캁 ka kag kag g kag s kan kanj kanh kad kal kalg kalm kalb kals kalt 캐 캑 캒 캓 캔 캕 캖 캗 캘 캙 캚 캛 캜 캝 kae kaeg kaeg g kaeg s kaen kaenj kaenh kaed kael kaelg kaelm kaelb kaels kaelt 캬 캭 캮 캯 캰 캱 캲 캳 캴 캵 캶 캷 캸 캹 kya kyag kyag g kyag s kyan kyanj kyanh kyad kyal kyalg kyalm kyalb kyals kyalt 컈 컉 컊 컋 컌 컍 컎 컏 컐 컑 컒 컓 컔 컕 kyae kyaeg kyaeg g kyaeg s kyaen kyaenj kyaenh kyaed kyael kyaelg kyaelm kyaelb kyaels kyaelt 커 컥 컦 컧 컨 컩 컪 컫 컬 컭 컮 컯 컰 컱 keo keo g keo g g keo g s keo n keo nj keo nh keo d keo l keo lg keo lm keo lb keo ls keo lt 케 켁 켂 켃 켄 켅 켆 켇 켈 켉 켊 켋 켌 켍 ke keg keg g keg s ken kenj kenh ked kel kelg kelm kelb kels kelt 켜 켝 켞 켟 켠 켡 켢 켣 켤 켥 켦 켧 켨 켩 kyeo kyeo g kyeo g g kyeo g s kyeo n kyeo nj kyeo nh kyeo d kyeo l kyeo lg kyeo lm kyeo lb kyeo ls kyeo lt 켸 켹 켺 켻 켼 켽 켾 켿 콀 콁 콂 콃 콄 콅 kye kyeg kyeg g kyeg s kyen kyenj kyenh kyed kyel kyelg kyelm kyelb kyels kyelt 코 콕 콖 콗 콘 콙 콚 콛 콜 콝 콞 콟 콠 콡 ko ko g ko g g ko g s ko n ko nj ko nh ko d ko l ko lg ko lm ko lb ko ls ko lt 콰 콱 콲 콳 콴 콵 콶 콷 콸 콹 콺 콻 콼 콽 kwa kwag kwag g kwag s kwan kwanj kwanh kwad kwal kwalg kwalm kwalb kwals kwalt 쾌 쾍 쾎 쾏 쾐 쾑 쾒 쾓 쾔 쾕 쾖 쾗 쾘 쾙 kwae kwaeg kwaeg g kwaeg s kwaen kwaenj kwaenh kwaed kwael kwaelg kwaelm kwaelb kwaels kwaelt 쾨 쾩 쾪 쾫 쾬 쾭 쾮 쾯 쾰 쾱 쾲 쾳 쾴 쾵 ko e ko eg ko eg g ko eg s ko en ko enj ko enh ko ed ko el ko elg ko elm ko elb ko els ko elt 쿄 쿅 쿆 쿇 쿈 쿉 쿊 쿋 쿌 쿍 쿎 쿏 쿐 쿑 kyo kyo g kyo g g kyo g s kyo n kyo nj kyo nh kyo d kyo l kyo lg kyo lm kyo lb kyo ls kyo lt 쿠 쿡 쿢 쿣 쿤 쿥 쿦 쿧 쿨 쿩 쿪 쿫 쿬 쿭 ku kug kug g kug s kun kunj kunh kud kul kulg kulm kulb kuls kult 쿼 쿽 쿾 쿿 퀀 퀁 퀂 퀃 퀄 퀅 퀆 퀇 퀈 퀉 kweo kweo g kweo g g kweo g s kweo n kweo nj kweo nh kweo d kweo l kweo lg kweo lm kweo lb kweo ls kweo lt 퀘 퀙 퀚 퀛 퀜 퀝 퀞 퀟 퀠 퀡 퀢 퀣 퀤 퀥 kwe kweg kweg g kweg s kwen kwenj kwenh kwed kwel kwelg kwelm kwelb kwels kwelt 퀴 퀵 퀶 퀷 퀸 퀹 퀺 퀻 퀼 퀽 퀾 퀿 큀 큁 kwi kwig kwig g kwig s kwin kwinj kwinh kwid kwil kwilg kwilm kwilb kwils kwilt 큐 큑 큒 큓 큔 큕 큖 큗 큘 큙 큚 큛 큜 큝 kyu kyug kyug g kyug s kyun kyunj kyunh kyud kyul kyulg kyulm kyulb kyuls kyult 크 큭 큮 큯 큰 큱 큲 큳 클 큵 큶 큷 큸 큹 keu keug keug g keug s keun keunj keunh keud keul keulg keulm keulb keuls keult 킈 킉 킊 킋 킌 킍 킎 킏 킐 킑 킒 킓 킔 킕 kyi kyig kyig g kyig s kyin kyinj kyinh kyid kyil kyilg kyilm kyilb kyils kyilt 키 킥 킦 킧 킨 킩 킪 킫 킬 킭 킮 킯 킰 킱 ki kig kig g kig s kin kinj kinh kid kil kilg kilm kilb kils kilt

51 ㅋ ㅏ k a ㅋ ㅐ k ae ㅋ ㅑ k ya ㅋ ㅒ k yae ㅋ ㅓ k eo ㅋ ㅔ k e ㅋ ㅕ k yeo ㅋ ㅖ k ye ㅋ ㅗ k o ㅋ ㅘ k wa ㅋ ㅙ k wae ㅋ ㅚ k oe ㅋ ㅛ k yo ㅋ ㅜ k u ㅋ ㅝ k weo ㅋ ㅞ k we ㅋ ㅟ k wi ㅋ ㅠ k yu ㅋ ㅡ k eu ㅋ ㅢ k yi ㅋ ㅣ k i ㄿ lp 캂 ㅀ lh 캃 ㅁ m 캄 ㅂ b 캅 ㅄ bs 캆 ㅅ s 캇 ㅆ ss 캈 ㅇ ng 캉 ㅈ j 캊 ㅊ ch 캋 ㅋ k 캌 ㅌ t 캍 ㅍ p 캎 ㅎ h 캏 kalp kalh kam kab kab s kas kas s kang kaj kach kak kat kap kah 캞 캟 캠 캡 캢 캣 캤 캥 캦 캧 캨 캩 캪 캫 kaelp kaelh kaem kaeb kaeb s kaes kaes s kaeng kaej kaech kaek kaet kaep kaeh 캺 캻 캼 캽 캾 캿 컀 컁 컂 컃 컄 컅 컆 컇 kyalp kyalh kyam kyab kyab s kyas kyas s kyang kyaj kyach kyak kyat kyap kyah 컖 컗 컘 컙 컚 컛 컜 컝 컞 컟 컠 컡 컢 컣 kyaelp kyaelh kyaem kyaeb kyaeb s kyaes kyaes s kyaeng kyaej kyaech kyaek kyaet kyaep kyaeh 컲 컳 컴 컵 컶 컷 컸 컹 컺 컻 컼 컽 컾 컿 keo lp keo lh keo m keo b keo b s keo s keo s s keo ng keo j keo ch keo k keo t keo p keo h 켎 켏 켐 켑 켒 켓 켔 켕 켖 켗 켘 켙 켚 켛 kelp kelh kem keb keb s kes kes s keng kej kech kek ket kep keh 켪 켫 켬 켭 켮 켯 켰 켱 켲 켳 켴 켵 켶 켷 kyeo lp kyeo lh kyeo m kyeo b kyeo b s kyeo s kyeo s s kyeo ng kyeo j kyeo ch kyeo k kyeo t kyeo p kyeo h 콆 콇 콈 콉 콊 콋 콌 콍 콎 콏 콐 콑 콒 콓 kyelp kyelh kyem kyeb kyeb s kyes kyes s kyeng kyej kyech kyek kyet kyep kyeh 콢 콣 콤 콥 콦 콧 콨 콩 콪 콫 콬 콭 콮 콯 ko lp ko lh ko m ko b ko b s ko s ko s s ko ng ko j ko ch ko k ko t ko p ko h 콾 콿 쾀 쾁 쾂 쾃 쾄 쾅 쾆 쾇 쾈 쾉 쾊 쾋 kwalp kwalh kwam kwab kwab s kwas kwas s kwang kwaj kwach kwak kwat kwap kwah 쾚 쾛 쾜 쾝 쾞 쾟 쾠 쾡 쾢 쾣 쾤 쾥 쾦 쾧 kwaelp kwaelh kwaem kwaeb kwaeb s kwaes kwaes s kwaeng kwaej kwaech kwaek kwaet kwaep kwaeh 쾶 쾷 쾸 쾹 쾺 쾻 쾼 쾽 쾾 쾿 쿀 쿁 쿂 쿃 ko elp ko elh ko em ko eb ko eb s ko es ko es s ko eng ko ej ko ech ko ek ko et ko ep ko eh 쿒 쿓 쿔 쿕 쿖 쿗 쿘 쿙 쿚 쿛 쿜 쿝 쿞 쿟 kyo lp kyo lh kyo m kyo b kyo b s kyo s kyo s s kyo ng kyo j kyo ch kyo k kyo t kyo p kyo h 쿮 쿯 쿰 쿱 쿲 쿳 쿴 쿵 쿶 쿷 쿸 쿹 쿺 쿻 kulp kulh kum kub kub s kus kus s kung kuj kuch kuk kut kup kuh 퀊 퀋 퀌 퀍 퀎 퀏 퀐 퀑 퀒 퀓 퀔 퀕 퀖 퀗 kweo lp kweo lh kweo m kweo b kweo b s kweo s kweo s s kweo ng kweo j kweo ch kweo k kweo t kweo p kweo h 퀦 퀧 퀨 퀩 퀪 퀫 퀬 퀭 퀮 퀯 퀰 퀱 퀲 퀳 kwelp kwelh kwem kweb kweb s kwes kwes s kweng kwej kwech kwek kwet kwep kweh 큂 큃 큄 큅 큆 큇 큈 큉 큊 큋 큌 큍 큎 큏 kwilp kwilh kwim kwib kwib s kwis kwis s kwing kwij kwich kwik kwit kwip kwih 큞 큟 큠 큡 큢 큣 큤 큥 큦 큧 큨 큩 큪 큫 kyulp kyulh kyum kyub kyub s kyus kyus s kyung kyuj kyuch kyuk kyut kyup kyuh 큺 큻 큼 큽 큾 큿 킀 킁 킂 킃 킄 킅 킆 킇 keulp keulh keum keub keub s keus keus s keung keuj keuch keuk keut keup keuh 킖 킗 킘 킙 킚 킛 킜 킝 킞 킟 킠 킡 킢 킣 kyilp kyilh kyim kyib kyib s kyis kyis s kying kyij kyich kyik kyit kyip kyih 킲 킳 킴 킵 킶 킷 킸 킹 킺 킻 킼 킽 킾 킿 kilp kilh kim kib kib s kis kis s king kij kich kik kit kip kih

52 Table 1.21: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅌ (t) ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅌ t ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 타 ㄱ g 탁 ㄲ gg 탂 ㄳ gs 탃 ㄴ n 탄 ㄵ nj 탅 ㄶ nh 탆 ㄷ d 탇 ㄹ l 탈 ㄺ lg 탉 ㄻ lm 탊 ㄼ lb 탋 ㄽ ls 탌 ㄾ lt 탍 ta tag tag g tag s tan tanj tanh tad tal talg talm talb tals talt 태 택 탞 탟 탠 탡 탢 탣 탤 탥 탦 탧 탨 탩 tae taeg taeg g taeg s taen taenj taenh taed tael taelg taelm taelb taels taelt 탸 탹 탺 탻 탼 탽 탾 탿 턀 턁 턂 턃 턄 턅 tya tyag tyag g tyag s tyan tyanj tyanh tyad tyal tyalg tyalm tyalb tyals tyalt 턔 턕 턖 턗 턘 턙 턚 턛 턜 턝 턞 턟 턠 턡 tyae tyaeg tyaeg g tyaeg s tyaen tyaenj tyaenh tyaed tyael tyaelg tyaelm tyaelb tyaels tyaelt 터 턱 턲 턳 턴 턵 턶 턷 털 턹 턺 턻 턼 턽 teo teo g teo g g teo g s teo n teo nj teo nh teo d teo l teo lg teo lm teo lb teo ls teo lt 테 텍 텎 텏 텐 텑 텒 텓 텔 텕 텖 텗 텘 텙 te teg teg g teg s ten tenj tenh ted tel telg telm telb tels telt 텨 텩 텪 텫 텬 텭 텮 텯 텰 텱 텲 텳 텴 텵 tyeo tyeo g tyeo g g tyeo g s tyeo n tyeo nj tyeo nh tyeo d tyeo l tyeo lg tyeo lm tyeo lb tyeo ls tyeo lt 톄 톅 톆 톇 톈 톉 톊 톋 톌 톍 톎 톏 톐 톑 tye tyeg tyeg g tyeg s tyen tyenj tyenh tyed tyel tyelg tyelm tyelb tyels tyelt 토 톡 톢 톣 톤 톥 톦 톧 톨 톩 톪 톫 톬 톭 to to g to g g to g s to n to nj to nh to d to l to lg to lm to lb to ls to lt 톼 톽 톾 톿 퇀 퇁 퇂 퇃 퇄 퇅 퇆 퇇 퇈 퇉 twa twag twag g twag s twan twanj twanh twad twal twalg twalm twalb twals twalt 퇘 퇙 퇚 퇛 퇜 퇝 퇞 퇟 퇠 퇡 퇢 퇣 퇤 퇥 twae twaeg twaeg g twaeg s twaen twaenj twaenh twaed twael twaelg twaelm twaelb twaels twaelt 퇴 퇵 퇶 퇷 퇸 퇹 퇺 퇻 퇼 퇽 퇾 퇿 툀 툁 to e to eg to eg g to eg s to en to enj to enh to ed to el to elg to elm to elb to els to elt 툐 툑 툒 툓 툔 툕 툖 툗 툘 툙 툚 툛 툜 툝 tyo tyo g tyo g g tyo g s tyo n tyo nj tyo nh tyo d tyo l tyo lg tyo lm tyo lb tyo ls tyo lt 투 툭 툮 툯 툰 툱 툲 툳 툴 툵 툶 툷 툸 툹 tu tug tug g tug s tun tunj tunh tud tul tulg tulm tulb tuls tult 퉈 퉉 퉊 퉋 퉌 퉍 퉎 퉏 퉐 퉑 퉒 퉓 퉔 퉕 tweo tweo g tweo g g tweo g s tweo n tweo nj tweo nh tweo d tweo l tweo lg tweo lm tweo lb tweo ls tweo lt 퉤 퉥 퉦 퉧 퉨 퉩 퉪 퉫 퉬 퉭 퉮 퉯 퉰 퉱 twe tweg tweg g tweg s twen twenj twenh twed twel twelg twelm twelb twels twelt 튀 튁 튂 튃 튄 튅 튆 튇 튈 튉 튊 튋 튌 튍 twi twig twig g twig s twin twinj twinh twid twil twilg twilm twilb twils twilt 튜 튝 튞 튟 튠 튡 튢 튣 튤 튥 튦 튧 튨 튩 tyu tyug tyug g tyug s tyun tyunj tyunh tyud tyul tyulg tyulm tyulb tyuls tyult 트 특 튺 튻 튼 튽 튾 튿 틀 틁 틂 틃 틄 틅 teu teug teug g teug s teun teunj teunh teud teul teulg teulm teulb teuls teult 틔 틕 틖 틗 틘 틙 틚 틛 틜 틝 틞 틟 틠 틡 tyi tyig tyig g tyig s tyin tyinj tyinh tyid tyil tyilg tyilm tyilb tyils tyilt 티 틱 틲 틳 틴 틵 틶 틷 틸 틹 틺 틻 틼 틽 ti tig tig g tig s tin tinj tinh tid til tilg tilm tilb tils tilt

53 ㅌ ㅏ t a ㅌ ㅐ t ae ㅌ ㅑ t ya ㅌ ㅒ t yae ㅌ ㅓ t eo ㅌ ㅔ t e ㅌ ㅕ t yeo ㅌ ㅖ t ye ㅌ ㅗ t o ㅌ ㅘ t wa ㅌ ㅙ t wae ㅌ ㅚ t oe ㅌ ㅛ t yo ㅌ ㅜ t u ㅌ ㅝ t weo ㅌ ㅞ t we ㅌ ㅟ t wi ㅌ ㅠ t yu ㅌ ㅡ t eu ㅌ ㅢ t yi ㅌ ㅣ t i ㄿ lp 탎 ㅀ lh 탏 ㅁ m 탐 ㅂ b 탑 ㅄ bs 탒 ㅅ s 탓 ㅆ ss 탔 ㅇ ng 탕 ㅈ j 탖 ㅊ ch 탗 ㅋ k 탘 ㅌ t 탙 ㅍ p 탚 ㅎ h 탛 talp talh tam tab tab s tas tas s tang taj tach tak tat tap tah 탷 탪 탫 탬 탭 탮 탯 탰 탱 탲 탳 탴 탵 탶 taelp taelh taem taeb taeb s taes taes s taeng taej taech taek taet taep taeh 턆 턇 턈 턉 턊 턋 턌 턍 턎 턏 턐 턑 턒 턓 tyalp tyalh tyam tyab tyab s tyas tyas s tyang tyaj tyach tyak tyat tyap tyah 턢 턣 턤 턥 턦 턧 턨 턩 턪 턫 턬 턭 턮 턯 tyaelp tyaelh tyaem tyaeb tyaeb s tyaes tyaes s tyaeng tyaej tyaech tyaek tyaet tyaep tyaeh 턾 턿 텀 텁 텂 텃 텄 텅 텆 텇 텈 텉 텊 텋 teo lp teo lh teo m teo b teo b s teo s teo s s teo ng teo j teo ch teo k teo t teo p teo h 텚 텛 템 텝 텞 텟 텠 텡 텢 텣 텤 텥 텦 텧 telp telh tem teb teb s tes tes s teng tej tech tek tet tep teh 텶 텷 텸 텹 텺 텻 텼 텽 텾 텿 톀 톁 톂 톃 tyeo lp tyeo lh tyeo m tyeo b tyeo b s tyeo s tyeo s s tyeo ng tyeo j tyeo ch tyeo k tyeo t tyeo p tyeo h 톟 톒 톓 톔 톕 톖 톗 톘 톙 톚 톛 톜 톝 톞 tyelp tyelh tyem tyeb tyeb s tyes tyes s tyeng tyej tyech tyek tyet tyep tyeh 톮 톯 톰 톱 톲 톳 톴 통 톶 톷 톸 톹 톺 톻 to lp to lh to m to b to b s to s to s s to ng to j to ch to k to t to p to h 퇊 퇋 퇌 퇍 퇎 퇏 퇐 퇑 퇒 퇓 퇔 퇕 퇖 퇗 twalp twalh twam twab twab s twas twas s twang twaj twach twak twat twap twah 퇦 퇧 퇨 퇩 퇪 퇫 퇬 퇭 퇮 퇯 퇰 퇱 퇲 퇳 twaelp twaelh twaem twaeb twaeb s twaes twaes s twaeng twaej twaech twaek twaet twaep twaeh 툂 툃 툄 툅 툆 툇 툈 툉 툊 툋 툌 툍 툎 툏 to elp to elh to em to eb to eb s to es to es s to eng to ej to ech to ek to et to ep to eh 툞 툟 툠 툡 툢 툣 툤 툥 툦 툧 툨 툩 툪 툫 tyo lp tyo lh tyo m tyo b tyo b s tyo s tyo s s tyo ng tyo j tyo ch tyo k tyo t tyo p tyo h 툺 툻 툼 툽 툾 툿 퉀 퉁 퉂 퉃 퉄 퉅 퉆 퉇 tulp tulh tum tub tub s tus tus s tung tuj tuch tuk tut tup tuh 퉖 퉗 퉘 퉙 퉚 퉛 퉜 퉝 퉞 퉟 퉠 퉡 퉢 퉣 tweo lp tweo lh tweo m tweo b tweo b s tweo s tweo s s tweo ng tweo j tweo ch tweo k tweo t tweo p tweo h 퉲 퉳 퉴 퉵 퉶 퉷 퉸 퉹 퉺 퉻 퉼 퉽 퉾 퉿 twelp twelh twem tweb tweb s twes twes s tweng twej twech twek twet twep tweh 튎 튏 튐 튑 튒 튓 튔 튕 튖 튗 튘 튙 튚 튛 twilp twilh twim twib twib s twis twis s twing twij twich twik twit twip twih 튷 튪 튫 튬 튭 튮 튯 튰 튱 튲 튳 튴 튵 튶 tyulp tyulh tyum tyub tyub s tyus tyus s tyung tyuj tyuch tyuk tyut tyup tyuh 틆 틇 틈 틉 틊 틋 틌 틍 틎 틏 틐 틑 틒 틓 teulp teulh teum teub teub s teus teus s teung teuj teuch teuk teut teup teuh 틢 틣 틤 틥 틦 틧 틨 틩 틪 틫 틬 틭 틮 틯 tyilp tyilh tyim tyib tyib s tyis tyis s tying tyij tyich tyik tyit tyip tyih 틾 틿 팀 팁 팂 팃 팄 팅 팆 팇 팈 팉 팊 팋 tilp tilh tim tib tib s tis tis s ting tij tich tik tit tip tih

54 Table 1.22: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅍ (p) ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅍ p ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 파 ㄱ g 팍 ㄲ gg 팎 ㄳ gs 팏 ㄴ n 판 ㄵ nj 팑 ㄶ nh 팒 ㄷ d 팓 ㄹ l 팔 ㄺ lg 팕 ㄻ lm 팖 ㄼ lb 팗 ㄽ ls 팘 ㄾ lt 팙 pa p ag p ag g p ag s p an p anj p anh p ad p al p alg p alm p alb p als p alt 패 팩 팪 팫 팬 팭 팮 팯 팰 팱 팲 팳 팴 팵 p ae p aeg p aeg g p aeg s p aen p aenj p aenh p aed p ael p aelg p aelm p aelb p aels p aelt 퍄 퍅 퍆 퍇 퍈 퍉 퍊 퍋 퍌 퍍 퍎 퍏 퍐 퍑 p ya p yag p yag g p yag s p yan p yanj p yanh p yad p yal p yalg p yalm p yalb p yals p yalt 퍠 퍡 퍢 퍣 퍤 퍥 퍦 퍧 퍨 퍩 퍪 퍫 퍬 퍭 p yae p yaeg p yaeg g p yaeg s p yaen p yaenj p yaenh p yaed p yael p yaelg p yaelm p yaelb p yaels p yaelt 퍼 퍽 퍾 퍿 펀 펁 펂 펃 펄 펅 펆 펇 펈 펉 p eo p eo g p eo g g p eo g s p eo n p eo nj p eo nh p eo d p eo l p eo lg p eo lm p eo lb p eo ls p eo lt 페 펙 펚 펛 펜 펝 펞 펟 펠 펡 펢 펣 펤 펥 pe p eg p eg g p eg s p en p enj p enh p ed p el p elg p elm p elb p els p elt 펴 펵 펶 펷 편 펹 펺 펻 펼 펽 펾 펿 폀 폁 p yeo p yeo g p yeo g g p yeo g s p yeo n p yeo nj p yeo nh p yeo d p yeo l p yeo lg p yeo lm p yeo lb p yeo ls p yeo lt 폐 폑 폒 폓 폔 폕 폖 폗 폘 폙 폚 폛 폜 폝 p ye p yeg p yeg g p yeg s p yen p yenj p yenh p yed p yel p yelg p yelm p yelb p yels p yelt 포 폭 폮 폯 폰 폱 폲 폳 폴 폵 폶 폷 폸 폹 po pog pogg pogs pon p o nj p o nh pod pol p o lg p o lm p o lb p o ls p o lt 퐈 퐉 퐊 퐋 퐌 퐍 퐎 퐏 퐐 퐑 퐒 퐓 퐔 퐕 p wa p wag p wag g p wag s p wan p wanj p wanh p wad p wal p walg p walm p walb p wals p walt 퐤 퐥 퐦 퐧 퐨 퐩 퐪 퐫 퐬 퐭 퐮 퐯 퐰 퐱 p wae p waeg p waeg g p waeg s p waen p waenj p waenh p waed p wael p waelg p waelm p waelb p waels p waelt 푀 푁 푂 푃 푄 푅 푆 푇 푈 푉 푊 푋 푌 푍 poe p o eg p o eg g p o eg s p o en p o enj p o enh p o ed p o el p o elg p o elm p o elb p o els p o elt 표 푝 푞 푟 푠 푡 푢 푣 푤 푥 푦 푧 푨 푩 p yo p yo g p yo g g p yo g s p yo n p yo nj p yo nh p yo d p yo l p yo lg p yo lm p yo lb p yo ls p yo lt 푸 푹 푺 푻 푼 푽 푾 푿 풀 풁 풂 풃 풄 풅 pu p ug p ug g p ug s p un p unj p unh p ud p ul p ulg p ulm p ulb p uls p ult 풔 풕 풖 풗 풘 풙 풚 풛 풜 풝 풞 풟 풠 풡 p weo p weo g p weo g g p weo g s p weo n p weo nj p weo nh p weo d p weo l p weo lg p weo lm p weo lb p weo ls p weo lt 풰 풱 풲 풳 풴 풵 풶 풷 풸 풹 풺 풻 풼 풽 p we p weg p weg g p weg s p wen p wenj p wenh p wed p wel p welg p welm p welb p wels p welt 퓌 퓍 퓎 퓏 퓐 퓑 퓒 퓓 퓔 퓕 퓖 퓗 퓘 퓙 p wi p wig p wig g p wig s p win p winj p winh p wid p wil p wilg p wilm p wilb p wils p wilt 퓨 퓩 퓪 퓫 퓬 퓭 퓮 퓯 퓰 퓱 퓲 퓳 퓴 퓵 p yu p yug p yug g p yug s p yun p yunj p yunh p yud p yul p yulg p yulm p yulb p yuls p yult 프 픅 픆 픇 픈 픉 픊 픋 플 픍 픎 픏 픐 픑 p eu p eug p eug g p eug s p eun p eunj p eunh p eud p eul p eulg p eulm p eulb p euls p eult 픠 픡 픢 픣 픤 픥 픦 픧 픨 픩 픪 픫 픬 픭 p yi p yig p yig g p yig s p yin p yinj p yinh p yid p yil p yilg p yilm p yilb p yils p yilt 피 픽 픾 픿 핀 핁 핂 핃 필 핅 핆 핇 핈 핉 pi p ig p ig g p ig s p in p inj p inh p id p il p ilg p ilm p ilb p ils p ilt

55 ㅍ ㅏ p a ㅍ ㅐ p ae ㅍ ㅑ p ya ㅍ ㅒ p yae ㅍ ㅓ p eo ㅍ ㅔ p e ㅍ ㅕ p yeo ㅍ ㅖ p ye ㅍ ㅗ p o ㅍ ㅘ p wa ㅍ ㅙ p wae ㅍ ㅚ p oe ㅍ ㅛ p yo ㅍ ㅜ p u ㅍ ㅝ p weo ㅍ ㅞ p we ㅍ ㅟ p wi ㅍ ㅠ p yu ㅍ ㅡ p eu ㅍ ㅢ p yi ㅍ ㅣ p i ㄿ lp 팚 ㅀ lh 팛 ㅁ m 팜 ㅂ b 팝 ㅄ bs 팞 ㅅ s 팟 ㅆ ss 팠 ㅇ ng 팡 ㅈ j 팢 ㅊ ch 팣 ㅋ k 팤 ㅌ t 팥 ㅍ p 팦 ㅎ h 팧 p alp p alh p am p ab p ab s p as p as s p ang p aj p ach p ak p at p ap p ah 팶 팷 팸 팹 팺 팻 팼 팽 팾 팿 퍀 퍁 퍂 퍃 p aelp p aelh p aem p aeb p aeb s p aes p aes s p aeng p aej p aech p aek p aet p aep p aeh 퍒 퍓 퍔 퍕 퍖 퍗 퍘 퍙 퍚 퍛 퍜 퍝 퍞 퍟 p yalp p yalh p yam p yab p yab s p yas p yas s p yang p yaj p yach p yak p yat p yap p yah 퍮 퍯 퍰 퍱 퍲 퍳 퍴 퍵 퍶 퍷 퍸 퍹 퍺 퍻 p yaelp p yaelh p yaem p yaeb p yaeb s p yaes p yaes s p yaeng p yaej p yaech p yaek p yaet p yaep p yaeh 펊 펋 펌 펍 펎 펏 펐 펑 펒 펓 펔 펕 펖 펗 p eo lp p eo lh p eo m p eo b p eo b s p eo s p eo s s p eo ng p eo j p eo ch p eo k p eo t p eo p p eo h 펦 펧 펨 펩 펪 펫 펬 펭 펮 펯 펰 펱 펲 펳 p elp p elh p em p eb p eb s p es p es s p eng p ej p ech p ek p et p ep p eh 폂 폃 폄 폅 폆 폇 폈 평 폊 폋 폌 폍 폎 폏 p yeo lp p yeo lh p yeo m p yeo b p yeo b s p yeo s p yeo s s p yeo ng p yeo j p yeo ch p yeo k p yeo t p yeo p p yeo h 폞 폟 폠 폡 폢 폣 폤 폥 폦 폧 폨 폩 폪 폫 p yelp p yelh p yem p yeb p yeb s p yes p yes s p yeng p yej p yech p yek p yet p yep p yeh 폺 폻 폼 폽 폾 폿 퐀 퐁 퐂 퐃 퐄 퐅 퐆 퐇 p o lp p o lh pom pob pobs pos poss p o ng poj p o ch pok pot pop poh 퐖 퐗 퐘 퐙 퐚 퐛 퐜 퐝 퐞 퐟 퐠 퐡 퐢 퐣 p walp p walh p wam p wab p wab s p was p was s p wang p waj p wach p wak p wat p wap p wah 퐲 퐳 퐴 퐵 퐶 퐷 퐸 퐹 퐺 퐻 퐼 퐽 퐾 퐿 p waelp p waelh p waem p waeb p waeb s p waes p waes s p waeng p waej p waech p waek p waet p waep p waeh 푎 푏 푐 푑 푒 푓 푔 푕 푖 푗 푘 푙 푚 푛 p o elp p o elh p o em p o eb p o eb s p o es p o es s p o eng p o ej p o ech p o ek p o et p o ep p o eh 푪 푫 푬 푭 푮 푯 푰 푱 푲 푳 푴 푵 푶 푷 p yo lp p yo lh p yo m p yo b p yo b s p yo s p yo s s p yo ng p yo j p yo ch p yo k p yo t p yo p p yo h 풆 풇 품 풉 풊 풋 풌 풍 풎 풏 풐 풑 풒 풓 p ulp p ulh p um p ub p ub s p us p us s p ung p uj p uch p uk p ut p up p uh 풢 풣 풤 풥 풦 풧 풨 풩 풪 풫 풬 풭 풮 풯 p weo lp p weo lh p weo m p weo b p weo b s p weo s p weo s s p weo ng p weo j p weo ch p weo k p weo t p weo p p weo h 풾 풿 퓀 퓁 퓂 퓃 퓄 퓅 퓆 퓇 퓈 퓉 퓊 퓋 p welp p welh p wem p web p web s p wes p wes s p weng p wej p wech p wek p wet p wep p weh 퓚 퓛 퓜 퓝 퓞 퓟 퓠 퓡 퓢 퓣 퓤 퓥 퓦 퓧 p wilp p wilh p wim p wib p wib s p wis p wis s p wing p wij p wich p wik p wit p wip p wih 퓶 퓷 퓸 퓹 퓺 퓻 퓼 퓽 퓾 퓿 픀 픁 픂 픃 p yulp p yulh p yum p yub p yub s p yus p yus s p yung p yuj p yuch p yuk p yut p yup p yuh 픒 픓 픔 픕 픖 픗 픘 픙 픚 픛 픜 픝 픞 픟 p eulp p eulh p eum p eub p eub s p eus p eus s p eung p euj p euch p euk p eut p eup p euh 픮 픯 픰 픱 픲 픳 픴 픵 픶 픷 픸 픹 픺 픻 p yilp p yilh p yim p yib p yib s p yis p yis s p ying p yij p yich p yik p yit p yip p yih 핊 핋 핌 핍 핎 핏 핐 핑 핒 핓 핔 핕 핖 핗 p ilp p ilh p im p ib p ib s p is p is s p ing p ij p ich p ik p it p ip p ih

56 Table 1.23: HanGul Syllables Starting with ㅎ (h) ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅎ h ㅏ a ㅐ ae ㅑ ya ㅒ yae ㅓ eo ㅔ e ㅕ yeo ㅖ ye ㅗ o ㅘ wa ㅙ wae ㅚ oe ㅛ yo ㅜ u ㅝ weo ㅞ we ㅟ wi ㅠ yu ㅡ eu ㅢ yi ㅣ i 하 ㄱ g 학 ㄲ gg 핚 ㄳ gs 핛 ㄴ n 한 ㄵ nj 핝 ㄶ nh 핞 ㄷ d 핟 ㄹ l 할 ㄺ lg 핡 ㄻ lm 핢 ㄼ lb 핣 ㄽ ls 핤 ㄾ lt 핥 ha hag hag g hag s han hanj hanh had hal halg halm halb hals halt 해 핵 핶 핷 핸 핹 핺 핻 핼 핽 핾 핿 햀 햁 hae haeg haeg g haeg s haen haenj haenh haed hael haelg haelm haelb haels haelt 햐 햑 햒 햓 햔 햕 햖 햗 햘 햙 햚 햛 햜 햝 hya hyag hyag g hyag s hyan hyanj hyanh hyad hyal hyalg hyalm hyalb hyals hyalt 햬 햭 햮 햯 햰 햱 햲 햳 햴 햵 햶 햷 햸 햹 hyae hyaeg hyaeg g hyaeg s hyaen hyaenj hyaenh hyaed hyael hyaelg hyaelm hyaelb hyaels hyaelt 허 헉 헊 헋 헌 헍 헎 헏 헐 헑 헒 헓 헔 헕 heo heo g heo g g heo g s heo n heo nj heo nh heo d heo l heo lg heo lm heo lb heo ls heo lt 헤 헥 헦 헧 헨 헩 헪 헫 헬 헭 헮 헯 헰 헱 he heg heg g heg s hen henj henh hed hel helg helm helb hels helt 혀 혁 혂 혃 현 혅 혆 혇 혈 혉 혊 혋 혌 혍 hyeo hyeo g hyeo g g hyeo g s hyeo n hyeo nj hyeo nh hyeo d hyeo l hyeo lg hyeo lm hyeo lb hyeo ls hyeo lt 혜 혝 혞 혟 혠 혡 혢 혣 혤 혥 혦 혧 혨 혩 hye hyeg hyeg g hyeg s hyen hyenj hyenh hyed hyel hyelg hyelm hyelb hyels hyelt 호 혹 혺 혻 혼 혽 혾 혿 홀 홁 홂 홃 홄 홅 ho ho g ho g g ho g s ho n ho nj ho nh ho d ho l ho lg ho lm ho lb ho ls ho lt 화 확 홖 홗 환 홙 홚 홛 활 홝 홞 홟 홠 홡 hwa hwag hwag g hwag s hwan hwanj hwanh hwad hwal hwalg hwalm hwalb hwals hwalt 홰 홱 홲 홳 홴 홵 홶 홷 홸 홹 홺 홻 홼 홽 hwae hwaeg hwaeg g hwaeg s hwaen hwaenj hwaenh hwaed hwael hwaelg hwaelm hwaelb hwaels hwaelt 회 획 횎 횏 횐 횑 횒 횓 횔 횕 횖 횗 횘 횙 ho e ho eg ho eg g ho eg s ho en ho enj ho enh ho ed ho el ho elg ho elm ho elb ho els ho elt 효 횩 횪 횫 횬 횭 횮 횯 횰 횱 횲 횳 횴 횵 hyo hyo g hyo g g hyo g s hyo n hyo nj hyo nh hyo d hyo l hyo lg hyo lm hyo lb hyo ls hyo lt 후 훅 훆 훇 훈 훉 훊 훋 훌 훍 훎 훏 훐 훑 hu hug hug g hug s hun hunj hunh hud hul hulg hulm hulb huls hult 훠 훡 훢 훣 훤 훥 훦 훧 훨 훩 훪 훫 훬 훭 hweo hweo g hweo g g hweo g s hweo n hweo nj hweo nh hweo d hweo l hweo lg hweo lm hweo lb hweo ls hweo lt 훼 훽 훾 훿 휀 휁 휂 휃 휄 휅 휆 휇 휈 휉 hwe hweg hweg g hweg s hwen hwenj hwenh hwed hwel hwelg hwelm hwelb hwels hwelt 휘 휙 휚 휛 휜 휝 휞 휟 휠 휡 휢 휣 휤 휥 hwi hwig hwig g hwig s hwin hwinj hwinh hwid hwil hwilg hwilm hwilb hwils hwilt 휴 휵 휶 휷 휸 휹 휺 휻 휼 휽 휾 휿 흀 흁 hyu hyug hyug g hyug s hyun hyunj hyunh hyud hyul hyulg hyulm hyulb hyuls hyult 흐 흑 흒 흓 흔 흕 흖 흗 흘 흙 흚 흛 흜 흝 heu heug heug g heug s heun heunj heunh heud heul heulg heulm heulb heuls heult 희 흭 흮 흯 흰 흱 흲 흳 흴 흵 흶 흷 흸 흹 hyi hyig hyig g hyig s hyin hyinj hyinh hyid hyil hyilg hyilm hyilb hyils hyilt 히 힉 힊 힋 힌 힍 힎 힏 힐 힑 힒 힓 힔 힕 hi hig hig g hig s hin hinj hinh hid hil hilg hilm hilb hils hilt

57 ㅎ ㅏ h a ㅎ ㅐ h ae ㅎ ㅑ h ya ㅎ ㅒ h yae ㅎ ㅓ h eo ㅎ ㅔ h e ㅎ ㅕ h yeo ㅎ ㅖ h ye ㅎ ㅗ h o ㅎ ㅘ h wa ㅎ ㅙ h wae ㅎ ㅚ h oe ㅎ ㅛ h yo ㅎ ㅜ h u ㅎ ㅝ h weo ㅎ ㅞ h we ㅎ ㅟ h wi ㅎ ㅠ h yu ㅎ ㅡ h eu ㅎ ㅢ h yi ㅎ ㅣ h i ㄿ lp 핦 ㅀ lh 핧 ㅁ m 함 ㅂ b 합 ㅄ bs 핪 ㅅ s 핫 ㅆ ss 핬 ㅇ ng 항 ㅈ j 핮 ㅊ ch 핯 ㅋ k 핰 ㅌ t 핱 ㅍ p 핲 ㅎ h 핳 halp halh ham hab hab s has has s hang haj hach hak hat hap hah 햂 햃 햄 햅 햆 햇 했 행 햊 햋 햌 햍 햎 햏 haelp haelh haem haeb haeb s haes haes s haeng haej haech haek haet haep haeh 햞 햟 햠 햡 햢 햣 햤 향 햦 햧 햨 햩 햪 햫 hyalp hyalh hyam hyab hyab s hyas hyas s hyang hyaj hyach hyak hyat hyap hyah 햺 햻 햼 햽 햾 햿 헀 헁 헂 헃 헄 헅 헆 헇 hyaelp hyaelh hyaem hyaeb hyaeb s hyaes hyaes s hyaeng hyaej hyaech hyaek hyaet hyaep hyaeh 헖 헗 험 헙 헚 헛 헜 헝 헞 헟 헠 헡 헢 헣 heo lp heo lh heo m heo b heo b s heo s heo s s heo ng heo j heo ch heo k heo t heo p heo h 헲 헳 헴 헵 헶 헷 헸 헹 헺 헻 헼 헽 헾 헿 help helh hem heb heb s hes hes s heng hej hech hek het hep heh 혎 혏 혐 협 혒 혓 혔 형 혖 혗 혘 혙 혚 혛 hyeo lp hyeo lh hyeo m hyeo b hyeo b s hyeo s hyeo s s hyeo ng hyeo j hyeo ch hyeo k hyeo t hyeo p hyeo h 혪 혫 혬 혭 혮 혯 혰 혱 혲 혳 혴 혵 혶 혷 hyelp hyelh hyem hyeb hyeb s hyes hyes s hyeng hyej hyech hyek hyet hyep hyeh 홆 홇 홈 홉 홊 홋 홌 홍 홎 홏 홐 홑 홒 홓 ho lp ho lh ho m ho b ho b s ho s ho s s ho ng ho j ho ch ho k ho t ho p ho h 홢 홣 홤 홥 홦 홧 홨 황 홪 홫 홬 홭 홮 홯 hwalp hwalh hwam hwab hwab s hwas hwas s hwang hwaj hwach hwak hwat hwap hwah 홾 홿 횀 횁 횂 횃 횄 횅 횆 횇 횈 횉 횊 횋 hwaelp hwaelh hwaem hwaeb hwaeb s hwaes hwaes s hwaeng hwaej hwaech hwaek hwaet hwaep hwaeh 횚 횛 횜 횝 횞 횟 횠 횡 횢 횣 횤 횥 횦 횧 ho elp ho elh ho em ho eb ho eb s ho es ho es s ho eng ho ej ho ech ho ek ho et ho ep ho eh 횶 횷 횸 횹 횺 횻 횼 횽 횾 횿 훀 훁 훂 훃 hyo lp hyo lh hyo m hyo b hyo b s hyo s hyo s s hyo ng hyo j hyo ch hyo k hyo t hyo p hyo h 훒 훓 훔 훕 훖 훗 훘 훙 훚 훛 훜 훝 훞 훟 hulp hulh hum hub hub s hus hus s hung huj huch huk hut hup huh 훮 훯 훰 훱 훲 훳 훴 훵 훶 훷 훸 훹 훺 훻 hweo lp hweo lh hweo m hweo b hweo b s hweo s hweo s s hweo ng hweo j hweo ch hweo k hweo t hweo p hweo h 휊 휋 휌 휍 휎 휏 휐 휑 휒 휓 휔 휕 휖 휗 hwelp hwelh hwem hweb hweb s hwes hwes s hweng hwej hwech hwek hwet hwep hweh 휦 휧 휨 휩 휪 휫 휬 휭 휮 휯 휰 휱 휲 휳 hwilp hwilh hwim hwib hwib s hwis hwis s hwing hwij hwich hwik hwit hwip hwih 흂 흃 흄 흅 흆 흇 흈 흉 흊 흋 흌 흍 흎 흏 hyulp hyulh hyum hyub hyub s hyus hyus s hyung hyuj hyuch hyuk hyut hyup hyuh 흞 흟 흠 흡 흢 흣 흤 흥 흦 흧 흨 흩 흪 흫 heulp heulh heum heub heub s heus heus s heung heuj heuch heuk heut heup heuh 흺 흻 흼 흽 흾 흿 힀 힁 힂 힃 힄 힅 힆 힇 hyilp hyilh hyim hyib hyib s hyis hyis s hying hyij hyich hyik hyit hyip hyih 힖 힗 힘 힙 힚 힛 힜 힝 힞 힟 힠 힡 힢 힣 hilp hilh him hib hib s his his s hing hij hich hik hit hip hih

58 Stroke Order and Direction The stroke order and direction are important when drawing HanGul and HanJa characters by hand. The stroke order is particularly important when sketching a HanJa character on a computer to search for its HanGul pronunciation or definition. The following guidelines generally apply to drawing both HanGul and HanJa characters: Stroke Direction Stroke Order o Draw individual strokes from top-to-bottom or left-to-right, when possible. o Right to-left diagonals are drawn top-to-bottom and rightto-left. o Draw horizontal strokes before vertical strokes. o Start with the strokes on the top and work down to the ones on the bottom. o Draw the left-to-right diagonals before the right-to-left diagonals. o Strokes that pass thru many others are drawn last. o For symmetric characters, draw the center stroke first, strokes left of center second, and strokes right of center last. o Draw very small strokes last. o Use 3 strokes to draw a square. Draw the left side first (top-to-bottom), draw the top (left-to-right) and right (topto-bottom) in one stroke that includes a corner, then draw the bottom stroke (left-to-right). o If a stroke or group of strokes is inside a square group of strokes, draw the outside square first then the contents.

59 To see how any HanJa are drawn, go to look up a character by typing HanGul or sketching HanJa with the mouse, then look at the 획순 보기 section to see the stroke order. You can also click on the button by that section title to see an animation demonstrating the correct stroke direction and order. Text Direction Both HanJa and HanGul text were traditionally written top-to-bottom and right-to-left on a page or scroll. Books were written in the opposite direction from western books. The back page of a western style book is where the first page of a traditional eastern book would start. Modern Korean writing follows the same text direction as the western world, but genealogical records normally use the traditional eastern text direction. Korean on Computers Genealogists studying Korean records frequently need to use Korean HanGul and HanJa characters on computers. While it is possible to use printed dictionaries, there are so many online resources that the ability to use Korean on a computer is almost essential. The ability to read Korean HanGul and HanJa characters on computers with English operating systems is generally not difficult. Both Windows and Mac computers have free options that enable viewing Korean fonts. A Korean keyboard is also not required to write Korean HanGul and HanJa characters. There are free Korean input methods available for most versions of popular operating systems that don t require a Korean keyboard.

60 Korean on Windows Computers Text and video instructions for enabling Korean on Windows 7 are found at the following web address: Installing the Korean input method enables the following language tool bars (shown maximized and minimized below): You can click on the 가 Han/Eng button to switch input methods between Korean and English. You can use a Korean keyboard or buy a pack of stickers with Korean characters on them to put on your keyboard. If you prefer not to learn to type in Korean, you can also use an on-screen keyboard by clicking on the Soft Keyboard icon. The following keyboard images (with and without Shift enabled) are shown on the screen and can be clicked with a mouse to enter HanGul characters without using a physical keyboard.

61 Typing (or mouse-clicking) compound vowels requires typing more than one key in cases where the compound vowel does not have its own key. The following table shows what to type to enter compound vowels that don t have their own keyboard key: Table 1.24: How to Type Compound Vowels Compound Vowel ㅘ Keys to Type (1st key, 2nd key) ㅗ ㅏ ㅙ ㅗ ㅐ ㅚ ㅗ ㅣ ㅝ ㅜ ㅓ ㅞ ㅜ ㅔ ㅟ ㅜ ㅣ ㅢ ㅡ ㅣ A third option for typing HanGul characters also works for HanJa characters. Clicking the IME Pad button brings up a HandWriting window where HanGul or HanJa characters can be drawn with a mouse or drawing pad. The character is drawn on the left, then the computer brings up the most likely candidates on the right. Click on the correct character on the right. Note that you should use proper stroke direction and order to facilitate accurate automated recognition.

62 Korean on Mac OS X Free Korean input methods can be enabled on OS X by following the instructions found at this web address: A language icon is placed in the upper right-hand corner of the desktop which can be used to access the following menu. The input language can be selected using this menu: You can type Korean using a keyboard. If you don t have a Korean keyboard you can place stickers on the keys that show the Korean HanGul characters. You can also use the mouse and click an on-screen keyboard. Selecting the Korean language and Show Keyboard Viewer will display the following keyboard on the screen, shown with and without the shift key pressed below:

63 You can type a HanGul syllable and convert it into a HanJa character. Do this by first typing the HanGul syllable, pressing option-return, then selecting the desired HanJa character from the menu that appears: Korean on the Internet Regardless of what operating system you use, there are internet based methods to enter Korean characters into a computer. For example, you can use the following site to draw a HanJa character or type a HanGul syllable to find its definitions in Korean or learn the correct stroke order to draw the HanJa character. Translating HanJa and HanGul Proficiency in HanGul is not required for researching Korean Genealogy, although it is very helpful. At a minimum, you should understand that Korean HanGul letters can be put together into syllables, and syllables/characters can be put together into words. If a word has HanJa roots, then each syllable could be represented in HanGul or HanJa. If the word does not have HanJa roots, then it can only be written in HanGul. The first step in translating Korean genealogical records is translating the HanJa characters into HanGul syllables to determine the

64 pronunciation. The next step is looking up the meanings of syllables and words (generally one, two, or three syllables per word). Even if you don t know where to break up words in a long string of HanJa that was written without spaces between words, you can get valuable insight into the overall meaning by looking up the meaning of each syllable. The following websites are useful when converting between HanJa and HanGul. The following websites are useful when looking up the English meaning of HanGul words or HanJa syllables: Sometimes it can be useful to simply use a common search engine to find sample usages and translations of HanJa. This is particularly useful when a HanJa character, word, or phrase is found on Korean genealogy related sites. It is usually best to enter the HanJa into a Korean version of a search engine site to avoid being overwhelmed with Chinese rather than Korean results:

65 Chapter 2 Names Korean names are usually three syllables that can be written in HanJa or HanGul characters. The family name comes first and is normally one HanGul syllable or HanJa character. The given name is listed last and is generally two HanGul syllables or HanJa characters. There are rare exceptions to the most common pattern of three syllable names (one syllable family name with a two syllable given name). Some family names are two syllables, and some given names are just one syllable. There is also a small but growing trend of pure Korean given names that don t have HanJa representations. Children receive the family name of their father. When a woman gets married in Korea, she does not change her name. She keeps her family name, which is recorded in her husband s family registry. Her children are given her husband s family name.

66 Table 2.1 Examples of Korean Names HanJa 李明花 HanGul 이명화 Pronunciation Lee MyungHwa 朴琪 顯 박기현 Pak GiHyeon 金하늘 김하늘 Kim HaNeol Name Family: Lee Given: MyeongHwa Meaning: brightflower Family: Pak Given: GiHyeon Meaning: jade-clear Family: Kim Given: HaNeol Meaning: heaven Note: The pure Korean given name HaNeol has no HanJa representation, so it is only written with HanGul Korean letters. Family Names There are about 300 Korean family names. Many family names can be broken down into multiple clans (BoGuan). Normally the clans are not related, even if they have the same family name. Traditionally, people from the same clan cannot marry. Specifying clans is necessary when referring to family registries and genealogies, but generally clans aren t added to names for other purposes. The word Shi (씨, meaning Mr., Mrs., or family) is often placed as after the family name or full name. The following table lists Korean family names. Note that there are many additional possible English spellings for the names. A good source of alternate popular English spellings of Korean family names is:

67 Table 2.2 Korean Family Names (HanJa, HanGul, and English) 賈 簡 葛 甘 剛 姜 康 疆 가 간 갈 감 강 강 강 강 強 岡田 강 강전 Ga Gan Gal Gam Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang GangJeon 甄 堅 慶 景 京 桂 高 曲 綱切 介 강절 개 견 견 경 경 경 계 고 곡 GangJeol Gae Gyeon Gyeon Gyeong Gyeong Gyeong Gyae Go Gok 孔 公 郭 橋 具 丘 邱 鞠 國 菊 공 공 곽 교 구 구 구 국 국 국 Gong Gong Gwak Gyo Gu Gu Gu Guk Guk Guk 君 弓 權 斤 琴 奇 箕 吉 金 군 궁 鴌 궉 권 근 금 기 기 길 김 Gun Gung Gweok Gweon Geun Geum Gi Gi Gil Kim 羅 欒 南 南宮 浪 乃 奈 盧 魯 盧 나 난 남 남궁 낭 내 내 노 노 노 Na Nan Nam NamGung Nang Nae Nae No No No 路 雷 賴 樓 段 單 端 譚 唐 大 노 뇌 뇌 누 단 단 단 담 당 대 No Nwe Nwe Nu Dan Dan Dan Dam Dang Dae 都 陶 道 獨孤 頓 敦 董 東方 杜 頭 도 도 도 독고 돈 돈 동 동방 두 두 Do Do Do DokGo Don Don Dong DongBang 羅 梁 樑 柳 李 林 馬 麻 萬 網切 만 망절 라 량 량 류 리 림 마 마 Ra Ryang Ryang Ryu Lee Rim Ma Ma Du Man Du MangJeol

68 梅 孟 明 牟 毛 睦 苗 墨 文 門 매 맹 명 모 모 목 묘 묵 문 문 Mae Maeng Myeong Mo Mo Mok Myo Muk Moon Moon 米 閔 朴 潘 班 方 房 邦 龐 裵 미 민 박 반 반 방 방 방 방 배 Mi Min Pak Ban Ban Bang Bang Bang Bang Bae 白 范 凡 卞 邊 卜 奉 鳳 夫 傅 백 범 범 변 변 복 봉 봉 부 부 Baek Beom Beom Byeon Byeon Bok Bong Bong Bu Bu 丕 賓 彬 氷 史 謝 舍 司空 森 비 빈 빈 冰 빙 빙 사 사 사 사공 삼 Pe Pen Pen Peng Peng Sa Sa 杉 尙 徐 西 西門 石 昔 宣 鮮于 卨 삼 상 서 서 서문 석 석 선 선우 설 Sam Sang Seo Seo SeoMun Seok Seok Seon SeonU Seol 葉 成 星 蘇 邵 肖 召 素 薛 설 偰 설 Seol Seol Sa SaGong Sam 섭 성 성 소 소 소 소 소 Seop Seong Seong So So So So So 逍 小峰 孫 宋 松 水 洙 荀 淳 舜 소 소봉 손 송 송 수 수 순 순 순 So SoBong Son Song Song Su Su Sun Sun Sun 順 承 昇 施 柴 申 辛 愼 沈 순 승 승 시 시 신 신 신 심 辻 십 Sun Seung Seung Shi Shi Shin Shin Shin Shim Ship

69 阿 安 艾 夜 梁 楊 樑 襄 魚 魚金 아 안 애 야 양 양 양 양 어 어금 A An Ae Ya Yang Yang Yang Yang Eo EoGeum 嚴 呂 余 汝 延 燕 連 廉 葉 永 엄 여 여 여 연 연 연 염 엽 영 Eum Yeo Yeo Yeo Yeon Yeon Yeon Yeom Yeop Yeong 榮 影 芮 吳 伍 玉 溫 邕 雍 王 영 영 예 오 오 옥 온 옹 옹 왕 Yeong Yeong Yae O O Ok On Ong Ong Wang 姚 龍 禹 于 宇 雲 芸 元 袁 苑 요 용 우 우 우 운 운 원 원 원 Yo Yong U U U Un Un Won Won Won 魏 韋 柳 劉 兪 庾 陸 尹 殷 恩 위 위 유 유 유 유 육 윤 은 은 We We Yu Yu Yu Yu Yuk Yun Eun Eun 陰 李 異 伊 印 林 任 慈 張 蔣 음 이 이 이 인 임 임 자 장 장 Eum Lee Lee Lee In Im Im Ja Jang Jang 鄭 丁 章 莊 長谷 邸 全 田 錢 占 장 장 장곡 저 전 전 전 점 정 정 Jang Jang Jeon Jeon Jeon Jeom Jeong Jeong 程 諸 齊 諸葛 趙 曺 鍾 宗 左 周 정 제 제 제갈 조 조 종 종 좌 주 Jeong Jae Jo Jong Jong Jwa Ju JangGok Jae Jeo JaeGal Jo

70 朱 俊 주 준 辻 즙 曾 增 池 智 陳 秦 晋 증 증 지 지 진 진 진 Ju Jun Jeup Jeung Jeung Ji Ji Jin Jin Jin 眞 車 昌 倉 蔡 菜 采 千 天 楚 진 차 창 창 채 채 채 천 천 초 Jin Cha Chang Chang Chae Chae Chae Cheon Cheon Cho 肖 初 崔 秋 鄒 椿 卓 彈 太 判 초 초 최 추 추 춘 탁 탁 태 판 Cho Cho Choi Chu Chu Chun Tak Tak Tae Pan 彭 片 扁 平 包 表 馮 皮 弼 河 팽 편 편 평 포 표 풍 피 필 하 Paeng Pyeon Pyeon Pyeong Po Pyo Pung Pe Pel Ha 韓 漢 咸 海 許 玄 邢 扈 夏 하 郝 학 한 한 함 해 허 현 형 호 Ha Hak Han Han Ham Hae Heo Hyeon Heong Ho 胡 鎬 洪 化 桓 黃 皇甫 侯 后 興 호 호 홍 화 환 황 황보 후 후 흥 Ho Ho Hong Hwa Hwan Hwang Hu Heung HwangBo Hu Given Names Given names are normally two HanJa characters. The HanJa versions of names aren t often used in daily life, but they are necessary for formal purposes, such as legal documents and genealogies. Some given names are normally for boys while others are normally for girls, which is also a common practice with western given names. Unlike the western world, one syllable/character in the given name traditionally

71 represents the family branch and generation. For example, the 37 th generation of boys for a particular family branch (including cousins) may all start or end with the same syllable/hanja character. Often the grandparents will select a HanJa character that will be used for the boys or girls born to their children. Not everyone follows this tradition and it wasn t always done for girls, but it is still widely practiced. For names based on HanJa, each syllable has a meaning. The following table is based on a government issued listing of HanJa for use in given names ( ). You can look up the meaning of each of the following HanJa by entering the HanJa or HanGul version into an online dictionary, such as This powerful online dictionary translates any direction between English, Korean HanGul, and HanJa. HanJa characters that share the same HanGul spelling have the same pronunciation. However, each HanJa character has a different meaning. is an excellent reference to learn more about the HanJa used in names. It includes the meaning, number of strokes in the HanJa character, and even the stroke order for drawing the HanJa character correctly. This will be particularly useful if you are drawing the character in Microsoft IME or another HanJa entry method on a computer. If you know an ancestor s name in HanGul but do not know how to write their name in HanJa, the following list can help. It provides candidate HanJa versions of a syllable used in a given name. Each HanJa candidate has a different meaning. The HanJa version of the name is needed to find an ancestor s name in a Korean Family Registry genealogical record.

72 Table 2.3 HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 가 家 佳 街 可 歌 加 價 假 架 暇 嘉 Ga 嫁 稼 賈 駕 伽 迦 柯 呵 哥 枷 珂 痂 苛 袈 訶 跏 軻 茄 哿 각 Gak 各 角 脚 閣 却 覺 刻 珏 恪 殼 慤 간 干 間 看 刊 肝 幹 簡 姦 懇 艮 侃 Gan 杆 玕 竿 揀 諫 墾 栞 奸 柬 桿 澗 癎 磵 稈 艱 갈 Gal 渴 葛 乫 喝 曷 碣 竭 褐 蝎 鞨 감 甘 減 感 敢 監 鑑 鑒 勘 堪 瞰 坎 Gam 嵌 憾 戡 柑 橄 疳 紺 邯 龕 갑 Gap 甲 鉀 匣 岬 胛 閘 강 江 降 講 强 康 剛 鋼 綱 杠 堈 岡 Gang 崗 姜 橿 彊 慷 畺 疆 糠 絳 羌 腔 舡 薑 襁 鱇 嫝 개 Gae 객 Gaek 改 皆 個 箇 開 介 慨 槪 蓋 盖 价 凱 愷 漑 塏 愾 疥 芥 豈 鎧 玠 客 喀

73 HanGul English 갱 Gaeng 갹 Gyak 거 Geo HanJa Used in Given Names 更 坑 粳 羹 醵 去 巨 居 車 擧 距 拒 據 渠 遽 鉅 炬 倨 据 祛 踞 鋸 건 建 乾 件 健 巾 虔 楗 鍵 愆 腱 騫 Geon 蹇 漧 걸 Geol 검 Geom 겁 Geop 게 Gae 격 Gyeok 견 Gyeon 결 Gyeol 겸 Gyeom 傑 乞 杰 桀 儉 劍 劒 檢 瞼 鈐 黔 劫 怯 迲 揭 偈 憩 格 擊 激 隔 檄 膈 覡 犬 見 堅 肩 絹 遣 牽 鵑 甄 繭 譴 訣 潔 缺 決 抉 結 㓗 慊 兼 鉗 箝 鎌 謙 嗛

74 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 경 憬 炅 庚 烱 勍 瓊 梗 鯨 倞 慶 境 Gyong 驚 痙 卿 耿 璥 更 徑 璟 坰 俓 儆 傾 竟 檠 競 冂 硬 冏 景 京 熲 絅 耕 敬 脛 憼 涇 莖 經 警 鶊 擎 勁 鏡 輕 逕 磬 頃 頸 暻 璄 亰 㯳 囧 계 屆 系 悸 係 繼 溪 桂 計 鷄 季 誡 Gyae 稽 啓 癸 棨 谿 界 械 烓 階 繫 戒 契 磎 堺 고 Go 顧 菰 故 皐 暠 藁 痼 姑 睾 沽 賈 枯 苽 固 鼓 稿 敲 古 孤 苦考 尻 股 呱 高 錮 辜 杲 雇 拷 膏 庫 蠱 羔 袴 攷 皋 곡 Gok 谷 穀 哭 梏 曲 斛 鵠 곤 崑 坤 滾 昆 困 琨 錕 鯤 梱 棍 衮 Gon 袞 골 Gol 滑 骨 汨 공 空 拱 恐 鞏 珙 蚣 功 供 貢 孔 公 Gong 工 控 恭 攻 共

75 HanGul English 곶 Goj HanJa Used in Given Names 串 과 果 課 科 過 誇 寡 菓 鍋 顆 跨 戈 Gwa 瓜 곽 Gwak 郭 廓 槨 藿 관 官 觀 關 館 舘 管 貫 慣 冠 寬 款 Gwan 琯 錧 灌 瓘 梡 串 棺 罐 菅 괄 Gwal 括 刮 恝 适 광 光 廣 鑛 狂 侊 洸 珖 桄 匡 曠 炚 Gwang 壙 筐 胱 괘 Gwae 괴 Gwe 굉 Gweng 掛 卦 罫 塊 愧 怪 壞 乖 傀 拐 槐 魁 宏 紘 肱 轟 교 交 校 橋 敎 教 郊 較 巧 矯 僑 喬 Gyo 嬌 膠 咬 嶠 攪 狡 皎 絞 翹 蕎 蛟 轎 鮫 驕 餃 姣 佼

76 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 구 九 口 求 救 究 久 句 舊 具 俱 區 Gu 驅 苟 拘 狗 丘 懼 龜 構 球 坵 玖 矩 邱 銶 溝 購 鳩 軀 耈 枸 仇 勾 咎 嘔 垢 寇 嶇 廐 柩 歐 毆 毬 灸 瞿 絿 臼 舅 衢 謳 逑 鉤 駒 鷗 玽 국 Guk 군 Gun 굴 Gul 궁 Gung 권 Gweon 궐 Gweol 궤 Gwae 귀 Gwe 규 Gyu 균 Gyun 國 国 菊 局 鞠 麴 鞫 君 郡 軍 群 窘 裙 屈 窟 堀 掘 弓 宮 窮 躬 穹 芎 券 權 勸 卷 拳 圈 眷 倦 捲 淃 厥 闕 獗 蕨 蹶 軌 机 櫃 潰 詭 饋 貴 歸 鬼 龜 句 晷 叫 規 糾 圭 奎 珪 揆 逵 窺 葵 槻 硅 竅 赳 閨 糺 邽 嫢 均 菌 畇 鈞 勻 筠 龜

77 HanGul English 귤 Gyul 극 Geuk HanJa Used in Given Names 橘 極 克 劇 剋 隙 戟 棘 근 近 勤 根 斤 僅 謹 漌 墐 槿 筋 瑾 Geun 女 堇 劤 懃 芹 菫 覲 饉 글 Geul 契 금 金 今 禁 錦 禽 琴 衾 襟 昑 妗 擒 Geum 檎 芩 衿 급 Geup 긍 Geung 及 給 急 級 汲 伋 扱 肯 亘 兢 矜 기 己 記 起 其 期 基 氣 技 幾 旣 紀 Gi 忌 旗 欺 奇 騎 寄 豈 棄 祈 企 畿 飢 器 機 淇 琪 璂 棋 祺 錤 騏 麒 玘 杞 埼 崎 琦 綺 錡 箕 岐 汽 沂 圻 耆 璣 磯 譏 冀 驥 嗜 暣 伎 夔 妓 朞 畸 碁 祁 祇 羈 耭 肌 饑 稘 긴 Gin 길 Gil 緊 吉 佶 桔 姞 拮

78 HanGul English 김 Kim 끽 Ggek 나 Na 낙 Nak 난 Nan 날 Nal 남 Nam 납 Nap 낭 Nang 내 Nae 녀 Nyeo 년 Nyeon 념 Nyeom 녕 Nyeong HanJa Used in Given Names 金 喫 那 奈 柰 娜 拏 喇 懦 拿 儺 挐 諾 暖 難 煖 捺 捏 南 男 楠 湳 枏 納 衲 娘 囊 內 乃 奈 耐 柰 女 年 秊 撚 念 恬 拈 捻 寧 寗 獰

79 HanGul English 노 No 농 Nong 뇨 Nyo 눈 Nun 눌 Nul 뇌 Noy 뉴 Nyu 능 Neung 니 Ne 닉 Nek 다 Da 단 Dan 달 Dal HanJa Used in Given Names 怒 奴 努 弩 瑙 駑 農 膿 濃 尿 鬧 撓 嫩 訥 腦 惱 紐 鈕 杻 能 泥 尼 柅 濔 膩 匿 溺 多 茶 爹 丹 但 單 短 端 旦 段 壇 檀 斷 團 緞 鍛 亶 彖 湍 簞 蛋 袒 鄲 煓 達 撻 澾 獺 疸

80 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 담 談 淡 擔 譚 膽 澹 覃 啖 坍 憺 曇 Dam 湛 痰 聃 錟 蕁 潭 倓 답 Dap 答 畓 踏 沓 遝 당 堂 當 唐 糖 黨 塘 鐺 撞 幢 戇 棠 Dang 螳 대 大 代 待 對 帶 臺 貸 隊 垈 玳 袋 Dae 댁 Daek 덕 Deok 戴 擡 旲 坮 岱 黛 宅 德 悳 도 刀 到 度 道 島 徒 圖 倒 都 桃 挑 Do 跳 逃 渡 陶 途 稻 導 盜 塗 堵 棹 濤 燾 鍍 蹈 禱 屠 嶋 悼 掉 搗 櫂 淘 滔 睹 萄 覩 賭 韜 독 Dok 돈 Don 돌 Dol 讀 獨 毒 督 篤 瀆 牘 犢 禿 纛 豚 敦 墩 惇 暾 燉 頓 旽 沌 焞 突 乭

81 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 동 同 洞 童 冬 東 動 銅 凍 棟 董 潼 Dong 垌 瞳 蝀 仝 憧 疼 胴 桐 朣 曈 彤 烔 斗 豆 頭 杜 枓 兜 痘 竇 荳 讀 逗 阧 두 Du 둔 Dun 득 Deuk 등 Deung 라 Ra 락 Rak 란 Ran 랄 Ral 람 Ram 랍 Rap 랑 Rang 鈍 屯 遁 臀 芚 遯 得 等 登 燈 騰 藤 謄 鄧 嶝 橙 羅 螺 喇 懶 癩 蘿 裸 邏 剆 覶 摞 落 樂 絡 珞 酪 烙 駱 洛 卵 亂 蘭 欄 瀾 丹 欒 鸞 爛 剌 辣 覽 濫 嵐 擥 攬 欖 籃 纜 襤 藍 拉 臘 蠟 浪 郞 廊 琅 瑯 狼 螂 朗 烺

82 HanGul English 래 Rae 랭 Raeng 략 Ryak HanJa Used in Given Names 來 来 崍 萊 徠 冷 略 掠 량 良 兩 量 凉 梁 糧 諒 亮 倆 樑 涼 Ryang 粮 粱 輛 려 旅 麗 慮 勵 呂 侶 閭 黎 儷 廬 戾 Ryeo 櫚 濾 礪 藜 驢 驪 蠣 력 Ryeok 力 歷 曆 瀝 礫 轢 靂 련 連 練 鍊 憐 聯 戀 蓮 煉 璉 攣 漣 Ryeon 輦 孌 렬 Ryeol 렴 Ryeom 렵 Ryeop 령 Ryeong 례 Ryae 列 烈 裂 劣 洌 冽 廉 濂 斂殮 獵 令 領 嶺 零 靈 伶 玲 姈 昤 鈴 齡 怜 囹 岺 笭 羚 翎 聆 逞 泠 澪 例 禮 隷 澧 醴

83 HanGul English 로 Ro 록 Rok 론 Ron 롱 Rong 뢰 Roy 료 Ryo 룡 Ryong 루 Ru 류 Ryu 륙 Ryuk 륜 Ryun 률 Ryul HanJa Used in Given Names 路 露 老 勞 爐 魯 盧 鷺 撈 擄 櫓 潞 瀘 蘆 虜 輅 鹵 嚧 綠 祿 錄 鹿 彔 碌 菉 麓 論 弄 瀧 瓏 籠 壟 朧 聾 雷 賴 瀨 儡 牢 磊 賂 賚 料 了 僚 遼 寮 廖 燎 療 瞭 聊 蓼 龍 竜 屢 樓 累 淚 漏 壘 婁 瘻 縷 蔞 褸 鏤 陋 柳 留 流 類 琉 劉 瑠 硫 瘤 旒 榴 溜 瀏 謬 六 陸 戮 倫 輪 侖 崙 崙 綸 淪 錀 律 栗 率 慄 嵂

84 HanGul English 륭 Ryung 륵 Reuk 름 Reum 릉 Reung HanJa Used in Given Names 隆 勒 肋 廩 凜 陵 綾 菱 稜 凌 楞 리 里 理 利 梨 李 吏 離 裏 裡 履 俚 Ri 莉 离 璃 悧 俐 厘 唎 浬 犁 狸 痢 籬 罹 羸 釐 鯉 涖 린 Rin 림 Rim 립 Rep 마 Ma 막 Mak 隣 潾 璘 麟 吝 燐 藺 躪 鱗 鄰 林 臨 琳 霖 淋 棽 立 笠 粒 砬 馬 麻 磨 瑪 摩 痲 碼 魔 莫 幕 漠 寞 膜 邈 만 萬 晩 滿 慢 漫 万 曼 蔓 鏋 卍 娩 Man 巒 彎 挽 灣 瞞 輓 饅 鰻 蠻 말 Mal 末 茉 唜 抹 沫 襪 靺

85 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 망 亡 忙 忘 望 茫 妄 罔 網 芒 莽 輞 Mang 邙 매 每 買 賣 妹 梅 埋 媒 寐 昧 枚 煤 Mae 罵 邁 魅 苺 맥 Maek 맹 Maeng 멱 Myeok 면 Myeon 멸 Myeol 명 Myeong 몌 Myae 麥 脈 貊 陌 驀 孟 猛 盟 盲 萌 氓 冪 覓 免 勉 面 眠 綿 冕 棉 沔 眄 緬 麵 滅 蔑 名 命 明 鳴 銘 冥 溟 暝 椧 皿 瞑 茗 蓂 螟 酩 慏 洺 眀 䳟 袂 모 母 毛 暮 某 謀 模 貌 募 慕 冒 侮 Mo 摸 牟 謨 姆 帽 摹 牡 瑁 眸 耗 芼 茅 矛 목 Mok 木 目 牧 睦 穆 鶩 沐

86 HanGul English 몰 Mol 몽 Mong HanJa Used in Given Names 沒 歿 夢 蒙 朦 묘 卯 妙 苗 廟 墓 描 錨 畝 昴 杳 渺 Myo 猫 竗 무 戊 茂 武 務 無 无 舞 貿 霧 拇 珷 Mu 畝 撫 懋 巫 憮 楙 毋 繆 蕪 誣 鵡 묵 Muk 墨 黙 문 門 問 聞 文 汶 炆 紋 們 刎 吻 紊 Mun 蚊 雯 물 Mul 勿 物 沕 미 米 未 味 美 尾 迷 微 眉 渼 薇 彌 Mi 弥 媄 媚 嵋 梶 楣 湄 謎 靡 黴 躾 媺 濔 民 敏 憫 玟 旻 旼 閔 珉 瑉 岷 忞 민 Min 밀 Mil 慜 慜 敃 愍 潣 暋 䪸 泯 悶 緡 鈱 慜 密 蜜 謐

87 HanGul English 박 Bak HanJa Used in Given Names 泊 拍 迫 朴 博 薄 珀 撲 璞 鉑 舶 剝 樸 箔 粕 縛 膊 雹 駁 반 反 飯 半 般 盤 班 返 叛 伴 畔 頒 Ban 潘 磐 拌 搬 攀 斑 槃 泮 瘢 盼 磻 礬 絆 蟠 豳 발 Bal 發 拔 髮 潑 鉢 渤 勃 撥 跋 醱 魃 방 方 房 防 放 訪 芳 傍 妨 倣 邦 坊 Bang 彷 昉 龐 榜 尨 幇 旁 枋 滂 磅 紡 肪 膀 舫 蒡 蚌 謗 배 Bae 백 Baek 번 Beon 벌 Beol 범 Beom 법 Beop 벽 Byeok 拜 杯 盃 倍 培 配 排 輩 背 陪 裵 裴 湃 俳 徘 焙 胚 褙 賠 北 白 百 伯 佰 帛 魄 栢 柏 番 煩 繁 飜 翻 蕃 幡 樊 燔 磻 藩 伐 罰 閥 筏 凡 犯 範 帆 杋 氾 范 梵 泛 汎 釩 法 琺 壁 碧 璧 闢 僻 劈 擘 檗 癖 蘗 霹

88 HanGul English 변 Byeon 별 Byeol HanJa Used in Given Names 變 辯 辨 邊 卞 弁 便 釆 別 瞥 鱉 鼈 襒 莂 병 丙 病 兵 竝 並 屛 幷 并 倂 甁 輧 Byong 鉼 炳 柄 昞 昺 秉 棅 餠 騈 보 保 步 報 普 補 譜 寶 宝 堡 甫 輔 Bo 복 Bok 본 Bon 볼 Bol 菩 潽 洑 湺 珤 褓 俌 福 伏 服 復 腹 複 卜 覆 馥 鍑 僕 匐 宓 茯 蔔 輹 輻 鰒 本 乶 봉 奉 逢 峯 峰 蜂 封 鳳 俸 捧 琫 烽 Bong 棒 蓬 鋒 熢 縫 漨 부 夫 扶 父 富 部 婦 否 浮 付 符 附 Bu 府 腐 負 副 簿 赴 賦 孚 芙 傅 溥 敷 復 不 俯 剖 咐 埠 孵 斧 缶 腑 艀 訃 莩 賻 趺 釜 阜 駙 鳧 膚 膚 북 Buk 北

89 HanGul English 분 Bun 불 Bul 붕 Bung HanJa Used in Given Names 分 紛 粉 奔 墳 憤 奮 汾 芬 盆 吩 噴 忿 扮 昐 焚 糞 賁 雰 不 佛 拂 彿 弗 朋 崩 鵬 棚 硼 繃 비 比 非 悲 飛 鼻 備 批 卑 婢 碑 妃 Bi 肥 祕 秘 費 庇 枇 琵 扉 譬 丕 匕 匪 憊 斐 榧 毖 毗 毘 沸 泌 痺 砒 빈 Bin 빙 Bing 秕 粃 緋 翡 脾 臂 菲 蜚 裨 誹 鄙 棐 貧 賓 頻 彬 斌 濱 嬪 儐 璸 玭 嚬 檳 殯 浜 瀕 牝 邠 繽 份 豳 霦 贇 鑌 氷 聘 憑 騁 사 四 巳 士 仕 寺 史 使 舍 射 謝 師 Sa 死 私 絲 思 事 司 詞 蛇 捨 邪 賜 斜 詐 社 沙 似 査 寫 辭 斯 祀 泗 砂 糸 紗 娑 徙 奢 嗣 赦 乍 些 伺 俟 僿 唆 柶 梭 渣 瀉 獅 祠 肆 莎 蓑 裟 飼 駟 麝 篩

90 HanGul English 삭 Sak 산 San 살 Sal 삼 Sam 삽 Sap HanJa Used in Given Names 削 朔 數 索 山 産 散 算 珊 傘 刪 汕 疝 蒜 霰 酸 殺 薩 乷 撒 煞 三 參 蔘 杉 衫 滲 芟 森 揷 澁 鈒 颯 상 上 尙 常 賞 商 相 霜 想 傷 喪 嘗 Sang 裳 詳 祥 象 像 床 牀 桑 狀 償 庠 湘 箱 翔 爽 塽 孀 峠 廂 橡 觴 새 Sae 색 Saek 생 Saeng 塞 璽 賽 色 索 嗇 穡 塞 生 牲 甥 省 笙 서 西 序 書 署 敍 叙 徐 庶 恕 暑 緖 Seo 誓 逝 抒 舒 瑞 棲 栖 曙 壻 婿 㥠 諝 墅 嶼 捿 犀 筮 絮 胥 薯 鋤 黍 鼠 藇 揟 悆

91 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 석 石 夕 昔 惜 席 析 釋 碩 奭 汐 淅 Seok 晳 䄷 鉐 錫 潟 蓆 舃 선 先 仙 線 鮮 善 船 選 宣 旋 禪 扇 Seon 渲 瑄 愃 膳 墡 繕 琁 璿 璇 羨 嬋 銑 珗 嫙 僊 敾 煽 癬 腺 蘚 詵 跣 鐥 饍 蟬 洒 설 雪 說 設 舌 卨 薛 楔 屑 泄 洩 渫 Seol 褻 齧 蔎 契 섬 Seom 섭 Seop 纖 暹 蟾 剡 殲 贍 閃 陝 涉 攝 燮 葉 성 姓 性 成 城 誠 盛 省 聖 聲 星 晟 Seong 珹 娍 瑆 惺 醒 宬 猩 筬 腥 胜 세 Sae 世 洗 稅 細 勢 歲 貰 笹 說 洒 소 小 少 所 消 素 笑 召 昭 蘇 騷 燒 So 訴 掃 疏 疎 蔬 沼 炤 紹 邵 韶 巢 遡 柖 玿 嘯 塑 宵 搔 梳 溯 瀟 甦 瘙 篠 簫 逍 銷 蕭 愫 穌 卲 속 Sok 俗 速 續 束 粟 屬 涑 謖 贖

92 HanGul English 손 Son 솔 Sol 송 Song 쇄 Swae 쇠 Swe HanJa Used in Given Names 孫 損 遜 巽 蓀 飡 率 帥 松 送 頌 訟 誦 宋 淞 悚 刷 鎖 殺 灑 碎 衰 釗 수 水 手 受 授 首 守 收 誰 須 雖 愁 Su 樹 壽 數 修 脩 秀 囚 需 帥 殊 隨 輸 獸 睡 遂 垂 搜 洙 琇 銖 粹 穗 穂 繡 隋 髓 袖 嗽 嫂 岫 峀 戍 燧 漱 狩 璲 瘦 竪 綏 綬 羞 茱 蒐 蓚 藪 讐 邃 酬 銹 隧 鬚 濉 숙 Suk 叔 淑 宿 孰 熟 肅 塾 琡 璹 橚 夙 潚 菽 순 順 純 旬 殉 循 脣 瞬 巡 洵 珣 荀 Sun 筍 舜 淳 錞 諄 醇 焞 徇 恂 栒 楯 橓 蓴 蕣 詢 馴 盾 술 Sul 戌 述 術 鉥

93 HanGul English 숭 Sung 슬 Seul 습 Seup 승 Seung 시 Shi HanJa Used in Given Names 崇 嵩 崧 瑟 膝 璱 蝨 習 拾 濕 襲 褶 乘 承 勝 昇 僧 丞 陞 繩 蠅 升 氶 塍 市 示 是 時 詩 施 試 始 矢 侍 視 柴 恃 匙 嘶 媤 尸 屎 屍 弑 柿 猜 翅 蒔 蓍 諡 豕 豺 偲 毸 諟 媞 식 食 式 植 識 息 飾 栻 埴 殖 湜 軾 Shik 寔 拭 熄 篒 蝕 신 身 申 神 臣 信 辛 新 伸 晨 愼 紳 Shin 莘 薪 迅 訊 侁 呻 娠 宸 燼 腎 藎 蜃 辰 璶 실 Shil 심 Shim 십 Ship 쌍 Ssang 失 室 實 実 悉 心 甚 深 尋 審 沁 沈 瀋 芯 諶 十 什 拾 雙

94 HanGul English 씨 Sshi HanJa Used in Given Names 氏 아 兒 児 我 牙 芽 雅 亞 亜 餓 娥 峨 A 峩 衙 妸 俄 啞 莪 蛾 訝 鴉 鵝 阿 婀 娿 哦 惡 岳 樂 堊 嶽 幄 愕 握 渥 鄂 鍔 악 Ak 안 An 알 Al 암 Am 압 Ap 앙 Ang 애 Ae 액 Aek 앵 Aeng 야 Ya 顎 鰐 齷 安 案 顔 眼 岸 雁 鴈 晏 按 鞍 鮟 謁 斡 軋 閼 暗 巖 岩 庵 菴 唵 癌 闇 壓 押 鴨 狎 仰 央 殃 昻 鴦 怏 秧 愛 哀 涯 厓 崖 艾 埃 曖 碍 隘 靄 厄 額 液 扼 掖 縊 腋 鶯 櫻 罌 鸚 也 夜 野 耶 冶 倻 惹 揶 椰 爺 若 埜

95 HanGul English 약 Yak HanJa Used in Given Names 弱 若 約 藥 躍 葯 蒻 양 羊 洋 養 揚 陽 讓 壤 樣 楊 襄 孃 Yang 漾 佯 恙 攘 敭 暘 瀁 煬 痒 瘍 禳 穰 釀 昜 어 Eo 억 Eok 언 Eon 얼 Eol 엄 Eom 업 Eop 엔 Aen 여 Yeo 역 Yeok 魚 漁 於 語 御 圄 瘀 禦 馭 齬 唹 億 憶 抑 檍 臆 言 焉 諺 彦 偃 堰 嫣 孼 蘖 嚴 奄 俺 掩 儼 淹 業 嶪 円 余 餘 如 汝 與 予 輿 歟 璵 礖 艅 茹 轝 妤 悆 亦 易 逆 譯 驛 役 疫 域 晹 繹

96 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 연 然 煙 烟 硏 延 燃 燕 沿 鉛 宴 軟 Yeon 演 緣 衍 淵 淵 姸 娟 涓 沇 筵 王 耎 娫 嚥 堧 捐 挻 椽 涎 縯 鳶 硯 曣 醼 兗 兗 嬿 莚 瓀 열 Yeol 염 Yeom 엽 Yeop 熱 悅 閱 說 咽 炎 染 鹽 琰 艶 厭 焰 苒 閻 髥 葉 燁 曄 熀 영 永 英 迎 榮 栄 泳 詠 營 影 映 渶 Yeong 煐 瑛 暎 瑩 瀯 盈 鍈 嬰 楹 穎 瓔 咏 塋 嶸 潁 濚 瀛 霙 纓 嬴 예 藝 豫 譽 銳 叡 睿 預 芮 乂 倪 刈 Yae 曳 汭 濊 猊 穢 蘂 裔 詣 霓 堄 埶 橤 玴 嫕 蓺 오 五 吾 悟 午 誤 烏 汚 嗚 娛 傲 伍 O 吳 旿 珸 晤 奧 俉 塢 墺 寤 惡 懊 敖 熬 獒 筽 蜈 鰲 鼇 澳 梧 浯 燠 옥 Ok 온 On 玉 屋 獄 沃 鈺 溫 瑥 媼 穩 穩 瘟 縕 蘊 昷

97 HanGul English 올 Ol 옹 Ong 와 Wa HanJa Used in Given Names 兀 翁 擁 雍 壅 瓮 甕 癰 邕 饔 瓦 臥 渦 窩 窪 蛙 蝸 訛 완 完 緩 玩 垸 浣 莞 琓 琬 婠 婉 宛 Wan 梡 椀 碗 翫 脘 腕 豌 阮 頑 妧 岏 鋺 왈 Wal 왕 Wang 왜 Wae 외 Oy 曰 王 往 旺 汪 枉 倭 娃 歪 矮 外 畏 嵬 巍 猥 요 要 腰 搖 遙 謠 夭 堯 饒 曜 耀 瑤 Yo 樂 姚 僥 凹 妖 嶢 拗 擾 橈 燿 窈 窯 繇 繞 蟯 邀 욕 Yok 欲 浴 慾 辱 縟 褥

98 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 용 用 勇 容 庸 溶 鎔 瑢 榕 蓉 湧 涌 Yong 埇 踊 鏞 茸 墉 甬 俑 傭 冗 慂 熔 聳 傛 槦 우 于 宇 右 牛 友 雨 憂 又 尤 遇 羽 U 郵 愚 偶 優 佑 祐 禹 瑀 寓 堣 隅 玗 釪 迂 旴 盂 禑 紆 芋 藕 虞 雩 扜 圩 慪 燠 욱 Uk 운 Un 울 Ul 웅 Ung 旭 昱 煜 郁 頊 彧 勖 栯 稶 燠 云 雲 運 韻 沄 澐 耘 賱 夽 暈 橒 殞 熉 芸 蕓 隕 篔 蔚 鬱 亐 雄 熊 원 元 原 願 遠 園 怨 圓 員 源 援 院 Won 袁 垣 洹 沅 瑗 媛 嫄 愿 苑 轅 婉 寃 湲 爰 猿 阮 鴛 褑 朊 杬 鋺 월 Wol 月 越 鉞

99 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 위 位 危 爲 偉 威 胃 謂 圍 衛 違 委 Wi 慰 僞 緯 尉 韋 瑋 暐 渭 魏 萎 葦 蔿 蝟 褘 유 由 油 酉 有 猶 唯 遊 柔 遺 幼 幽 Yu 惟 維 乳 儒 裕 誘 愈 悠 侑 洧 宥 庾 喩 兪 兪 楡 瑜 猷 濡 秞 愉 柚 攸 釉 孺 揄 楢 游 癒 臾 萸 諛 諭 踰 鍮 蹂 逾 曘 婑 囿 牖 逌 육 Yuk 윤 Yun 율 Yul 융 Yung 은 Eun 을 Eul 음 Eum 肉 育 堉 毓 閏 潤 尹 允 玧 鈗 胤 阭 奫 贇 昀 荺 贇 聿 燏 汩 融 戎 瀜 絨 恩 銀 隱 垠 殷 誾 溵 珢 慇 濦 听 蘟 檼 檃 乙 圪 音 吟 飮 陰 淫 蔭 愔

100 HanGul English 읍 Eup 응 Eung 의 We HanJa Used in Given Names 邑 泣 揖 應 凝 膺 鷹 衣 依 義 議 矣 醫 意 宜 儀 疑 倚 誼 毅 擬 懿 椅 艤 薏 蟻 이 二 以 已 耳 而 異 移 夷 珥 伊 易 I 弛 怡 彛 彝 爾 頤 姨 痍 肄 苡 荑 貽 邇 飴 貳 媐 杝 익 Ik 인 In 일 Il 임 Im 입 Ip 잉 Ing 益 翼 翊 瀷 謚 翌 熤 人 引 仁 因 忍 認 寅 印 姻 咽 湮 絪 茵 蚓 靭 靷 刃 朄 芢 㲽 牣 一 日 逸 溢 鎰 馹 佾 佚 壹 壬 任 賃 妊 姙 稔 恁 荏 入 卄 剩 仍 孕 芿 자 子 字 自 者 姉 姊 慈 玆 紫 資 姿 Ja 恣 刺 仔 滋 磁 藉 瓷 咨 孜 炙 煮 疵 茨 蔗 諮 雌 秄

101 HanGul English 작 Jak 잔 Jan 잠 Jam 잡 Jap HanJa Used in Given Names 作 昨 酌 爵 灼 芍 雀 鵲 勺 嚼 斫 炸 綽 舃 殘 孱 棧 潺 盞 潛 潜 暫 箴 岑 簪 蠶 雜 장 章 場 將 將 將 壯 壯 丈 張 帳 莊 Jang 庄 裝 獎 墻 牆 葬 粧 掌 藏 臟 障 腸 匠 杖 奘 漳 樟 璋 暲 薔 蔣 仗 檣 欌 漿 狀 獐 臧 贓 醬 재 Jae 쟁 Jaeng 才 材 財 在 栽 再 哉 災 裁 載 宰 梓 縡 齋 渽 滓 齎 爭 錚 箏 諍 저 著 貯 低 底 抵 苧 邸 楮 沮 佇 儲 Jeo 咀 姐 杵 樗 渚 狙 猪 疽 箸 紵 菹 藷 詛 躇 這 雎 齟 적 的 赤 適 敵 滴 摘 寂 籍 賊 跡 積 Jeok 績 迪 勣 吊 嫡 狄 炙 翟 荻 謫 迹 鏑 笛 蹟

102 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 전 田 全 典 前 展 戰 電 錢 傳 專 轉 Jeon 殿 佺 栓 詮 銓 琠 甸 塡 奠 荃 雋 顚 佃 剪 塼 廛 悛 氈 澱 煎 畑 癲 筌 箋 箭 篆 纏 輾 鈿 鐫 顫 餞 절 Jeol 점 Jeom 접 Jeop 節 絶 切 折 竊 晢 截 浙 癤 店 占 點 点 漸 岾 粘 霑 鮎 接 蝶 摺 정 丁 頂 停 井 正 政 定 貞 精 情 靜 Jeong 静 淨 庭 亭 訂 廷 程 征 整 汀 玎 町 呈 桯 珵 姃 偵 湞 幀 楨 禎 珽 挺 綎 鼎 晶 晸 柾 鉦 淀 錠 鋌 鄭 靖 靚 鋥 炡 釘 渟 婷 涏 爭 頁 旌 檉 瀞 睛 碇 穽 艇 諪 酊 霆 埩 妌 梃 胜 제 弟 第 祭 帝 題 除 諸 製 提 堤 制 Jae 際 齊 濟 濟 悌 梯 瑅 劑 啼 臍 薺 蹄 醍 霽 媞

103 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 조 兆 早 造 鳥 調 朝 助 弔 燥 操 照 Jo 條 潮 租 組 祖 彫 措 晁 窕 祚 趙 肇 詔 釣 曹 遭 眺 俎 凋 嘲 曺 棗 槽 漕 爪 璪 稠 粗 糟 繰 藻 蚤 躁 阻 雕 昭 족 Jok 존 Jon 졸 Jol 足 族 簇 鏃 存 尊 卒 拙 猝 종 宗 種 鐘 終 從 縱 悰 琮 淙 棕 倧 Jong 綜 瑽 鍾 慫 腫 踵 踪 柊 椶 좌 Jwa 죄 Jwe 左 坐 佐 座 挫 罪 주 主 注 住 朱 宙 走 酒 晝 舟 周 株 Ju 州 洲 柱 奏 珠 鑄 冑 湊 炷 註 疇 週 遒 駐 妵 澍 姝 侏 做 呪 嗾 廚 籌 紂 紬 綢 蛛 誅 躊 輳 酎 燽 鉒 拄

104 HanGul English 죽 Juk HanJa Used in Given Names 竹 粥 준 準 俊 遵 峻 浚 晙 埈 焌 竣 畯 駿 Jun 准 濬 雋 儁 埻 隼 寯 樽 蠢 逡 葰 僔 줄 Jul 중 Jung 즉 Jeuk 즐 Jeul 즙 Jeup 증 Jeung 茁 中 重 衆 仲 卽 即 櫛 汁 楫 葺 曾 增 證 憎 贈 症 蒸 烝 甑 拯 繒 지 只 支 枝 止 之 知 地 指 志 至 紙 Ji 持 池 誌 智 遲 旨 沚 址 祉 趾 祗 芝 摯 鋕 脂 咫 枳 漬 肢 砥 芷 蜘 識 贄 洔 厎 汦 직 Jik 直 職 織 稙 稷

105 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 진 辰 眞 真 進 盡 振 鎭 陣 陳 珍 震 Jin 晉 晋 瑨 王 晋 瑱 津 璡 秦 軫 塵 禛 診 縝 塡 賑 溱 抮 唇 嗔 搢 桭 榛 殄 疹 畛 瞋 縉 臻 蔯 袗 鉁 蓁 枃 질 Jil 집 Jip 징 Jing 차 Cha 착 Chak 質 秩 疾 姪 瓆 侄 叱 嫉 帙 桎 窒 膣 蛭 跌 迭 集 執 什 潗 輯 楫 鏶 緝 徵 懲 澄 且 次 此 借 差 車 叉 瑳 侘 嗟 嵯 磋 箚 茶 蹉 遮 硨 奲 姹 着 錯 捉 搾 窄 鑿 齪 찬 贊 賛 讚 讃 撰 纂 粲 澯 燦 璨 瓚 Chan 纘 鑽 竄 簒 餐 饌 攢 巑 儹 儧 찰 Chal 참 Cham 察 札 刹 擦 紮 參 慘 慙 慚 僭 塹 懺 斬 站 讒 讖 창 昌 唱 窓 倉 創 蒼 暢 菖 昶 彰 敞 Chang 廠 倡 娼 漲 猖 愴 瘡 脹 艙 槍 滄

106 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 채 菜 採 彩 債 采 埰 寀 蔡 綵 寨 砦 Chae 釵 責 棌 婇 睬 책 Chaek 처 Chae 責 冊 策 柵 妻 處 凄 悽 척 尺 斥 拓 戚 陟 坧 倜 刺 剔 慽 擲 Chaek 滌 瘠 脊 蹠 隻 천 天 千 川 泉 淺 賤 踐 遷 薦 仟 阡 Chaen 喘 擅 玔 穿 舛 釧 闡 韆 茜 철 Chael 첨 Chaem 첩 Chaep 청 Chaeng 체 Chae 鐵 哲 徹 喆 澈 轍 撤 綴 凸 輟 悊 尖 添 僉 瞻 沾 甛 簽 籤 詹 諂 妾 帖 捷 堞 牒 疊 睫 諜 貼 輒 靑 青 淸 清 晴 晴 請 請 廳 聽 菁 鯖 體 替 遞 滯 逮 締 諦 切 剃 涕 諟 초 初 草 艸 招 肖 超 抄 礎 秒 樵 焦 Cho 蕉 楚 剿 哨 憔 梢 椒 炒 硝 礁 稍 苕 貂 酢 醋 醮 岧

107 HanGul English 촉 Chok 촌 Chon 총 Chong 촬 Chwal 최 Choy HanJa Used in Given Names 促 燭 觸 囑 矗 蜀 寸 村 忖 邨 銃 總 聰 聡 寵 叢 塚 悤 憁 摠 蔥 撮 最 催 崔 추 秋 追 推 抽 醜 楸 樞 鄒 錐 錘 墜 Chu 椎 湫 皺 芻 萩 諏 趨 酋 鎚 雛 騶 鰍 축 丑 祝 蓄 畜 築 逐 縮 軸 竺 筑 蹙 Chuk 蹴 춘 Chun 출 Chul 충 Chung 췌 Chwae 春 椿 瑃 賰 出 朮 黜 充 忠 蟲 虫 衝 珫 沖 冲 衷 萃 悴 膵 贅 취 取 吹 就 臭 醉 趣 翠 聚 嘴 娶 炊 Chuy 脆 驟 鷲

108 HanGul English 측 Cheuk 층 Cheung HanJa Used in Given Names 側 測 仄 厠 惻 層 치 治 致 齒 値 置 恥 熾 峙 雉 馳 侈 Chi 嗤 幟 梔 淄 痔 痴 癡 穉 緇 緻 蚩 輜 稚 칙 Chik 친 Chin 칠 Chil 침 Chim 칩 Chip 칭 Ching 쾌 Kwae 타 Ta 탁 Tak 則 勅 飭 親 七 漆 柒 針 侵 浸 寢 沈 枕 琛 砧 鍼 棽 蟄 稱 秤 快 夬 他 打 妥 墮 咤 唾 惰 拖 朶 楕 舵 陀 馱 駝 濁 托 濯 卓 度 倬 琸 晫 託 擢 鐸 拓 啄 坼 柝 琢

109 HanGul English 탄 Tan 탈 Tal 탐 Tam 탑 Tap 탕 Tang 태 Tae 택 Taek 탱 Taeng 터 Teo 토 To 통 Tong 퇴 Toy 투 Tu HanJa Used in Given Names 炭 歎 彈 誕 呑 坦 灘 嘆 憚 綻 脫 奪 探 貪 耽 眈 塔 榻 湯 宕 帑 糖 蕩 太 泰 怠 殆 態 汰 兌 台 胎 邰 笞 苔 跆 颱 鈦 宅 澤 擇 垞 撑 攄 土 吐 討 兎 通 統 痛 桶 慟 洞 筒 退 堆 槌 腿 褪 頹 投 透 鬪 偸 套 妬

110 HanGul English 특 Teuk 틈 Teum 파 Pa 판 Pan 팔 Pal 패 Pae 팽 Paeng 퍅 Pyak 편 Pyeon 편 Pyeon 평 Pyeong 폐 Pyae HanJa Used in Given Names 特 慝 闖 破 波 派 播 罷 頗 把 巴 芭 琶 坡 杷 婆 擺 爬 跛 判 板 販 版 阪 坂 辦 瓣 鈑 八 叭 捌 貝 敗 覇 浿 佩 牌 唄 悖 沛 狽 稗 彭 澎 烹 膨 愎 片 便 篇 編 遍 偏 扁 翩 鞭 騙 貶 平 評 坪 枰 泙 萍 閉 肺 廢 弊 蔽 幣 陛 吠 嬖 斃

111 HanGul English HanJa Used in Given Names 포 布 抱 包 胞 飽 浦 捕 葡 褒 砲 鋪 Po 佈 匍 匏 咆 哺 圃 怖 抛 暴 泡 疱 脯 苞 蒲 袍 逋 鮑 폭 Pok 표 Pyo 품 Pum 풍 Pung 피 Pi 필 Pil 핍 Pip 하 Ha 학 Hak 한 Han 暴 爆 幅 曝 瀑 輻 表 票 標 漂 杓 豹 彪 驃 俵 剽 慓 瓢 飇 飄 品 稟 風 豐 豊 諷 馮 楓 皮 彼 疲 被 避 披 陂 必 匹 筆 畢 弼 泌 珌 苾 馝 鉍 佖 疋 乏 逼 下 夏 賀 何 河 荷 廈 厦 昰 霞 瑕 蝦 遐 鰕 呀 嘏 碬 學 学 鶴 壑 虐 謔 嗃 閑 寒 恨 限 韓 漢 旱 汗 澣 瀚 翰 閒 悍 罕 澖

112 HanGul English 할 Hal HanJa Used in Given Names 割 轄 함 咸 含 陷 函 涵 艦 啣 喊 檻 緘 銜 Ham 鹹 합 Hap 合 哈 盒 蛤 閤 闔 陜 항 恒 巷 港 項 抗 航 亢 沆 姮 伉 嫦 Hang 杭 桁 缸 肛 行 降 해 害 海 海 亥 解 奚 該 偕 楷 諧 咳 Hae 핵 Haek 행 Haeng 향 Hyang 허 Heo 헌 Heon 헐 Heol 험 Heom 垓 孩 懈 瀣 蟹 邂 駭 骸 咍 核 劾 行 幸 杏 倖 荇 涬 向 香 鄕 響 享 珦 嚮 餉 饗 麘 虛 許 墟 噓 軒 憲 獻 櫶 歇 險 驗

113 HanGul English 혁 Hyeok HanJa Used in Given Names 革 赫 爀 奕 侐 焃 현 現 賢 玄 絃 縣 懸 顯 見 峴 晛 泫 Hyeon 炫 玹 鉉 眩 昡 絢 呟 俔 睍 舷 衒 弦 儇 譞 儇 혈 Hyeol 혐 Hyeom 血 穴 孑 頁 嫌 협 協 脅 俠 挾 峽 浹 夾 狹 脇 莢 鋏 Hyeop 頰 冾 형 兄 刑 形 亨 螢 衡 型 邢 珩 泂 炯 Hyeong 瑩 瀅 馨 熒 滎 灐 荊 逈 鎣 혜 惠 恵 慧 兮 蕙 彗 譿 憓 暳 蹊 醯 Hyae 鞋 譓 鏸 호 戶 乎 呼 好 虎 號 湖 互 胡 浩 毫 Ho 豪 護 晧 皓 澔 昊 淏 濠 灝 祜 琥 瑚 頀 扈 鎬 壕 壺 顥 濩 滸 岵 弧 狐 瓠 糊 縞 芦 葫 蒿 蝴 皞 혹 Hok 或 惑 酷

114 HanGul English 혼 Hon 홀 Hol 홍 Hong HanJa Used in Given Names 婚 混 昏 魂 渾 琿 忽 惚 笏 紅 洪 弘 鴻 泓 烘 虹 鉷 哄 汞 訌 화 火 化 花 貨 和 話 畫 畵 華 禾 禍 Hwa 嬅 樺 譁 靴 확 Hwak 確 碻 穫 擴 廓 攫 환 歡 患 丸 換 環 還 喚 奐 渙 煥 晥 Hwan 幻 桓 鐶 驩 宦 紈 鰥 활 Hwal 活 闊 濶 滑 猾 豁 황 黃 皇 況 荒 凰 堭 媓 晃 滉 榥 煌 Hwang 璜 熀 幌 徨 恍 惶 愰 慌 湟 潢 晄 篁 簧 蝗 遑 隍 회 回 會 悔 懷 廻 恢 晦 檜 澮 繪 絵 Hwe 誨 匯 徊 淮 獪 膾 茴 蛔 賄 灰 획 Hwek 횡 Hweng 獲 劃 橫 鐄 宖

115 HanGul English 효 Hyo 후 Hu HanJa Used in Given Names 孝 效 効 曉 涍 爻 驍 斅 哮 嚆 梟 淆 肴 酵 皛 歊 窙 後 厚 侯 候 后 垕 逅 吼 嗅 帿 朽 煦 珝 喉 훈 訓 勳 勛 勳 焄 熏 薰 薰 壎 燻 塤 Hun 鑂 暈 훙 Hung 훼 Hwae 훤 Hwon 휘 Hwe 휴 Hyu 휼 Hyul 흉 Hyung 흑 Heuk 흔 Heun 薨 毁 卉 喙 喧 暄 萱 煊 揮 輝 彙 徽 暉 煇 諱 麾 休 携 烋 畦 虧 恤 譎 鷸 凶 胸 兇 匈 洶 黑 欣 炘 昕 痕 忻

116 HanGul English 흘 Heul 흠 Heum 흡 Heup 흥 Heung HanJa Used in Given Names 屹 吃 紇 訖 欽 欠 歆 吸 洽 恰 翕 興 희 希 喜 稀 戱 姬 晞 僖 熺 禧 橲 嬉 Heuy 憙 熹 羲 爔 曦 凞 俙 憘 犧 噫 熙 烯 暿 熙 힐 Hil 詰

117 Chapter 3 There are several modern and traditional ways to write numbers and dates in Korea. Each method is introduced here, including the traditional methods found in Korean genealogical records. Pure Korean Numbers Pure Korean numbers do not have HanJa representations. They are generally not used in genealogies.

118 Table 3.1 Pure Korean Numbers HanGul 하나 Pronunciation HaNa Number 1 둘 Dul 2 셋 Saet 3 넷 Naet 4 다섯 DaSeot 5 여섯 YeoSeot 6 일곱 IlGop 7 여덟 YeoDeolp 8 아홉 AHop 9 열 Yeol 10 스물 SeuMul 20 서른 SeoReun 30 마흔 MaHeun 40 쉰 Swin 50 예순 YaeSun 60 일흔 IlHeun 70 여든 YeoDeun 80 아흔 AHeun 90 HanJa Numbers HanJa numbers are used in genealogies to represent dates, page numbers, number of sons and daughters, and generations.

119 Table 3.2 HanJa Numbers HanJa 零 or 〇 HanGul 영 or 공 Pronunciation Yeong or Gong Number 0 一 일 Eel 1 二 이 Ee 2 三 삼 Sam 3 四 사 Sa 4 五 오 Oh 5 六 육 Yuk 6 七 칠 Chil 7 八 팔 Pal 8 九 구 Gu 9 十 십 Ship 10 百 백 Baek 100 千 천 Cheon 1,000 萬 만 Man 10,000 Here are some examples of how these HanJa characters can be used to represent numbers: Table 3.3 Examples of HanJa Numbers HanJa 十 Literal Translation 10 Number 10 十六 二十 2 10 s 20 二十六 26 百 (2 10 s) 百二十六 (2 10 s) 二百 s 200 二百二十六 (2 100 s) + (2 10 s)

120 Dates In Korea dates are generally written in year-month-day order. This is true in both traditional and modern writings. Here are some important HanJa characters that are placed after HanJa numbers to specify the year, month, and day: Table 3.4 HanJa Vocabulary for Dates HanJa 年 HanGul 년 Pronunciation Nyeon Meaning Year 月 월 Weol 日 일 Eel Month (Represented by the HanJa character for the moon) Day (Represented by the HanJa character for the sun) The following is an example of a date written in HanJa characters, as you would typically find in genealogy records. Note however, that the example below is left-to-right (western or modern Korean style), but it would be formatted as top-to-bottom columns that are organized rightto-left across the page in a traditional genealogical record. Table 3.5 Example HanJa Date HanJa HanGul Literal Translation of HanJa Characters Meaning 一九八五 年 十一 月 二十四 日 year, month, 2 10s + 4 day 1985th year, 11th month, 24th day

121 Lunar Calendar Years Family genealogies often precede dates with the lunar calendar year. In some cases, only the lunar calendar year is given. Lunar calendar (음력, EumNyeok) years are represented by two HanJa characters. The first HanJa character comes from a heavenly cycle of 10 characters. The second HanJa character comes from an earthly cycle of 12 characters. Together, these two characters form a 60-year cycle of lunar calendar years. Every sixty years the cycle repeats. Within the heavenly cycle there are five elements and another cycle of opposites. The opposites Eum and Yang are represented in the Korean flag as the blue and red TaeGuk, meaning great extremes. The blue stands for Eum, which is negative, dark, and cold. The red stands for Yang, which is positive, bright, and hot. The philosophy behind this symbol is that the opposites are in balance and harmony. In the following table, Yang is represented as positive (+) and Eum is represented as negative (-).

122 Table 3.6 Heavenly Cycle (1st HanJa Character in Lunar Year) Heavenly Cycle 1 HanJa HanGul Pronunciation Meaning 甲 갑 Gap Wood (+) 2 乙 을 Eul Wood (-) 3 丙 병 Byeong Fire (+) 4 丁 정 Jeong Fire (-) 5 戊 무 Mu Earth (+) 6 己 기 Gi Earth (-) 7 庚 경 Gyeong Metal (+) 8 辛 신 Shin Metal (-) 9 壬 임 Im Water (+) 10 癸 계 Gyae Water (-) The Earthly cycle of 12 characters is similar to the Chinese zodiac. The zodiac uses 12 Chinese characters for animals that represent the 12-year cycle. The Chinese character representing these animals is shown in parentheses in the following Earthly Cycle table. Some traditions consider the characteristics of the zodiac animals for birth years when matchmaking in an attempt to create compatible matches for arranged marriages.

123 Table 3.7 Earthly Cycle (2nd HanJa Character in Lunar Year) Earthly Cycle 1 HanJa HanGul Pronunciation Chinese Zodiac 子 자 Ja Rat (鼠) 2 丑 축 Chuk Ox (牛) 3 寅 인 In Tiger (虎) 4 卯 묘 Myo Rabbit (兔) 5 辰 진 Jin Dragon (龍) 6 巳 사 Sa Snake (蛇) 7 午 오 Oh Horse (馬) 8 未 미 Mi Goat (羊) 9 申 신 Shin Monkey (猴) 10 酉 유 Yu Rooster (雞) 11 戌 수 Su Dog (狗) 12 亥 해 Hae Pig (豬) The following table is very useful for translating years from Korean genealogy records. It shows sample years that are represented by each of the 60 combinations of heavenly and earthly cycles. To identify years earlier than shown in the following table, subtract multiples of 60 years. To go farther into the future than shown in the following table, add multiples of 60 years. Note that the first HanJa character cycles every 10 years (heavenly cycle) and the second cycles every 12 years (earthly cycle) to form every combination of the two preceding tables. Note that the years listed in the following table are approximate due to the fact that a lunar year does not completely align with a western calendar solar year. Lunar years generally don t start or end on precisely the same day as solar years, although the majority of the days in a given lunar and solar year do overlap. Even today, many Koreans use traditional lunar calendars to celebrate Lunar New Year and lunar versions of birthdays.

124 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Table 3.8 Lunar Calendar 60-Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 1 1 甲子 2 2 乙丑 3 3 丙寅 4 4 丁卯 5 5 戊辰 6 6 己巳 7 7 庚午 8 8 辛未 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 4, 64, 124, 184, 244, 304, 364, 424, 484, 544, 604, 664, 724, 784, 844, 904, 964, 1024, 1084, 1144, 1204, 1264, 1324, 1384, 1444, 1504, 1564, 1624, 1684, 1744, 1804, 1864, 1924, , 65, 125, 185, 245, 305, 365, 425, 485, 545, 605, 665, 725, 785, 845, 905, 965, 1025, 1085, 1145, 1205, 1265, 1325, 1385, 1445, 1505, 1565, 1625, 1685, 1745, 1805, 1865, 1925, , 66, 126, 186, 246, 306, 366, 426, 486, 546, 606, 666, 726, 786, 846, 906, 966, 1026, 1086, 1146, 1206, 1266, 1326, 1386, 1446, 1506, 1566, 1626, 1686, 1746, 1806, 1866, 1926, , 67, 127, 187, 247, 307, 367, 427, 487, 547, 607, 667, 727, 787, 847, 907, 967, 1027, 1087, 1147, 1207, 1267, 1327, 1387, 1447, 1507, 1567, 1627, 1687, 1747, 1807, 1867, 1927, , 68, 128, 188, 248, 308, 368, 428, 488, 548, 608, 668, 728, 788, 848, 908, 968, 1028, 1088, 1148, 1208, 1268, 1328, 1388, 1448, 1508, 1568, 1628, 1688, 1748, 1808, 1868, 1928, , 69, 129, 189, 249, 309, 369, 429, 489, 549, 609, 669, 729, 789, 849, 909, 969, 1029, 1089, 1149, 1209, 1269, 1329, 1389, 1449, 1509, 1569, 1629, 1689, 1749, 1809, 1869, 1929, , 70, 130, 190, 250, 310, 370, 430, 490, 550, 610, 670, 730, 790, 850, 910, 970, 1030, 1090, 1150, 1210, 1270, 1330, 1390, 1450, 1510, 1570, 1630, 1690, 1750, 1810, 1870, 1930, , 71, 131, 191, 251, 311, 371, 431, 491, 551, 611, 671, 731, 791, 851, 911, 971, 1031, 1091, 1151, 1211, 1271, 1331, 1391, 1451, 1511, 1571, 1631, 1691, 1751, 1811, 1871, 1931, 1991

125 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 9 壬申 癸酉 1 11 甲戍 2 12 乙亥 3 1 丙子 4 2 丁丑 5 3 戊寅 6 4 己卯 9 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 12, 72, 132, 192, 252, 312, 372, 432, 492, 552, 612, 672, 732, 792, 852, 912, 972, 1032, 1092, 1152, 1212, 1272, 1332, 1392, 1452, 1512, 1572, 1632, 1692, 1752, 1812, 1872, 1932, , 73, 133, 193, 253, 313, 373, 433, 493, 553, 613, 673, 733, 793, 853, 913, 973, 1033, 1093, 1153, 1213, 1273, 1333, 1393, 1453, 1513, 1573, 1633, 1693, 1753, 1813, 1873, 1933, , 74, 134, 194, 254, 314, 374, 434, 494, 554, 614, 674, 734, 794, 854, 914, 974, 1034, 1094, 1154, 1214, 1274, 1334, 1394, 1454, 1514, 1574, 1634, 1694, 1754, 1814, 1874, 1934, , 75, 135, 195, 255, 315, 375, 435, 495, 555, 615, 675, 735, 795, 855, 915, 975, 1035, 1095, 1155, 1215, 1275, 1335, 1395, 1455, 1515, 1575, 1635, 1695, 1755, 1815, 1875, 1935, , 76, 136, 196, 256, 316, 376, 436, 496, 556, 616, 676, 736, 796, 856, 916, 976, 1036, 1096, 1156, 1216, 1276, 1336, 1396, 1456, 1516, 1576, 1636, 1696, 1756, 1816, 1876, 1936, , 77, 137, 197, 257, 317, 377, 437, 497, 557, 617, 677, 737, 797, 857, 917, 977, 1037, 1097, 1157, 1217, 1277, 1337, 1397, 1457, 1517, 1577, 1637, 1697, 1757, 1817, 1877, 1937, , 78, 138, 198, 258, 318, 378, 438, 498, 558, 618, 678, 738, 798, 858, 918, 978, 1038, 1098, 1158, 1218, 1278, 1338, 1398, 1458, 1518, 1578, 1638, 1698, 1758, 1818, 1878, 1938, , 79, 139, 199, 259, 319, 379, 439, 499, 559, 619, 679, 739, 799, 859, 919, 979, 1039, 1099, 1159, 1219, 1279, 1339, 1399, 1459, 1519, 1579, 1639, 1699, 1759, 1819, 1879, 1939, 1999

126 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 7 5 庚辰 8 6 辛巳 9 7 壬午 10 8 癸未 1 9 甲申 2 10 乙酉 3 11 丙戍 4 12 丁亥 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 20, 80, 140, 200, 260, 320, 380, 440, 500, 560, 620, 680, 740, 800, 860, 920, 980, 1040, 1100, 1160, 1220, 1280, 1340, 1400, 1460, 1520, 1580, 1640, 1700, 1760, 1820, 1880, 1940, , 81, 141, 201, 261, 321, 381, 441, 501, 561, 621, 681, 741, 801, 861, 921, 981, 1041, 1101, 1161, 1221, 1281, 1341, 1401, 1461, 1521, 1581, 1641, 1701, 1761, 1821, 1881, 1941, , 82, 142, 202, 262, 322, 382, 442, 502, 562, 622, 682, 742, 802, 862, 922, 982, 1042, 1102, 1162, 1222, 1282, 1342, 1402, 1462, 1522, 1582, 1642, 1702, 1762, 1822, 1882, 1942, , 83, 143, 203, 263, 323, 383, 443, 503, 563, 623, 683, 743, 803, 863, 923, 983, 1043, 1103, 1163, 1223, 1283, 1343, 1403, 1463, 1523, 1583, 1643, 1703, 1763, 1823, 1883, 1943, , 84, 144, 204, 264, 324, 384, 444, 504, 564, 624, 684, 744, 804, 864, 924, 984, 1044, 1104, 1164, 1224, 1284, 1344, 1404, 1464, 1524, 1584, 1644, 1704, 1764, 1824, 1884, 1944, , 85, 145, 205, 265, 325, 385, 445, 505, 565, 625, 685, 745, 805, 865, 925, 985, 1045, 1105, 1165, 1225, 1285, 1345, 1405, 1465, 1525, 1585, 1645, 1705, 1765, 1825, 1885, 1945, , 86, 146, 206, 266, 326, 386, 446, 506, 566, 626, 686, 746, 806, 866, 926, 986, 1046, 1106, 1166, 1226, 1286, 1346, 1406, 1466, 1526, 1586, 1646, 1706, 1766, 1826, 1886, 1946, , 87, 147, 207, 267, 327, 387, 447, 507, 567, 627, 687, 747, 807, 867, 927, 987, 1047, 1107, 1167, 1227, 1287, 1347, 1407, 1467, 1527, 1587, 1647, 1707, 1767, 1827, 1887, 1947, 2007

127 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 5 1 戊子 6 2 己丑 7 3 庚寅 8 4 辛卯 9 5 壬辰 10 6 癸巳 1 7 甲午 2 8 乙未 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 28, 88, 148, 208, 268, 328, 388, 448, 508, 568, 628, 688, 748, 808, 868, 928, 988, 1048, 1108, 1168, 1228, 1288, 1348, 1408, 1468, 1528, 1588, 1648, 1708, 1768, 1828, 1888, 1948, , 89, 149, 209, 269, 329, 389, 449, 509, 569, 629, 689, 749, 809, 869, 929, 989, 1049, 1109, 1169, 1229, 1289, 1349, 1409, 1469, 1529, 1589, 1649, 1709, 1769, 1829, 1889, 1949, , 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, 390, 450, 510, 570, 630, 690, 750, 810, 870, 930, 990, 1050, 1110, 1170, 1230, 1290, 1350, 1410, 1470, 1530, 1590, 1650, 1710, 1770, 1830, 1890, 1950, , 91, 151, 211, 271, 331, 391, 451, 511, 571, 631, 691, 751, 811, 871, 931, 991, 1051, 1111, 1171, 1231, 1291, 1351, 1411, 1471, 1531, 1591, 1651, 1711, 1771, 1831, 1891, 1951, , 92, 152, 212, 272, 332, 392, 452, 512, 572, 632, 692, 752, 812, 872, 932, 992, 1052, 1112, 1172, 1232, 1292, 1352, 1412, 1472, 1532, 1592, 1652, 1712, 1772, 1832, 1892, 1952, , 93, 153, 213, 273, 333, 393, 453, 513, 573, 633, 693, 753, 813, 873, 933, 993, 1053, 1113, 1173, 1233, 1293, 1353, 1413, 1473, 1533, 1593, 1653, 1713, 1773, 1833, 1893, 1953, , 94, 154, 214, 274, 334, 394, 454, 514, 574, 634, 694, 754, 814, 874, 934, 994, 1054, 1114, 1174, 1234, 1294, 1354, 1414, 1474, 1534, 1594, 1654, 1714, 1774, 1834, 1894, 1954, , 95, 155, 215, 275, 335, 395, 455, 515, 575, 635, 695, 755, 815, 875, 935, 995, 1055, 1115, 1175, 1235, 1295, 1355, 1415, 1475, 1535, 1595, 1655, 1715, 1775, 1835, 1895, 1955, 2015

128 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 3 9 丙申 4 10 丁酉 5 11 戊戍 6 12 己亥 7 1 庚子 8 2 辛丑 9 3 壬寅 10 4 癸卯 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 36, 96, 156, 216, 276, 336, 396, 456, 516, 576, 636, 696, 756, 816, 876, 936, 996, 1056, 1116, 1176, 1236, 1296, 1356, 1416, 1476, 1536, 1596, 1656, 1716, 1776, 1836, 1896, 1956, , 97, 157, 217, 277, 337, 397, 457, 517, 577, 637, 697, 757, 817, 877, 937, 997, 1057, 1117, 1177, 1237, 1297, 1357, 1417, 1477, 1537, 1597, 1657, 1717, 1777, 1837, 1897, 1957, , 98, 158, 218, 278, 338, 398, 458, 518, 578, 638, 698, 758, 818, 878, 938, 998, 1058, 1118, 1178, 1238, 1298, 1358, 1418, 1478, 1538, 1598, 1658, 1718, 1778, 1838, 1898, 1958, , 99, 159, 219, 279, 339, 399, 459, 519, 579, 639, 699, 759, 819, 879, 939, 999, 1059, 1119, 1179, 1239, 1299, 1359, 1419, 1479, 1539, 1599, 1659, 1719, 1779, 1839, 1899, 1959, , 100, 160, 220, 280, 340, 400, 460, 520, 580, 640, 700, 760, 820, 880, 940, 1000, 1060, 1120, 1180, 1240, 1300, 1360, 1420, 1480, 1540, 1600, 1660, 1720, 1780, 1840, 1900, 1960, , 101, 161, 221, 281, 341, 401, 461, 521, 581, 641, 701, 761, 821, 881, 941, 1001, 1061, 1121, 1181, 1241, 1301, 1361, 1421, 1481, 1541, 1601, 1661, 1721, 1781, 1841, 1901, 1961, , 102, 162, 222, 282, 342, 402, 462, 522, 582, 642, 702, 762, 822, 882, 942, 1002, 1062, 1122, 1182, 1242, 1302, 1362, 1422, 1482, 1542, 1602, 1662, 1722, 1782, 1842, 1902, 1962, , 103, 163, 223, 283, 343, 403, 463, 523, 583, 643, 703, 763, 823, 883, 943, 1003, 1063, 1123, 1183, 1243, 1303, 1363, 1423, 1483, 1543, 1603, 1663, 1723, 1783, 1843, 1903, 1963, 2023

129 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 1 5 甲辰 2 6 乙巳 3 7 丙午 4 8 丁未 5 9 戊申 6 10 己酉 7 11 庚戍 8 12 辛亥 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 44, 104, 164, 224, 284, 344, 404, 464, 524, 584, 644, 704, 764, 824, 884, 944, 1004, 1064, 1124, 1184, 1244, 1304, 1364, 1424, 1484, 1544, 1604, 1664, 1724, 1784, 1844, 1904, 1964, , 105, 165, 225, 285, 345, 405, 465, 525, 585, 645, 705, 765, 825, 885, 945, 1005, 1065, 1125, 1185, 1245, 1305, 1365, 1425, 1485, 1545, 1605, 1665, 1725, 1785, 1845, 1905, 1965, , 106, 166, 226, 286, 346, 406, 466, 526, 586, 646, 706, 766, 826, 886, 946, 1006, 1066, 1126, 1186, 1246, 1306, 1366, 1426, 1486, 1546, 1606, 1666, 1726, 1786, 1846, 1906, 1966, , 107, 167, 227, 287, 347, 407, 467, 527, 587, 647, 707, 767, 827, 887, 947, 1007, 1067, 1127, 1187, 1247, 1307, 1367, 1427, 1487, 1547, 1607, 1667, 1727, 1787, 1847, 1907, 1967, , 108, 168, 228, 288, 348, 408, 468, 528, 588, 648, 708, 768, 828, 888, 948, 1008, 1068, 1128, 1188, 1248, 1308, 1368, 1428, 1488, 1548, 1608, 1668, 1728, 1788, 1848, 1908, 1968, , 109, 169, 229, 289, 349, 409, 469, 529, 589, 649, 709, 769, 829, 889, 949, 1009, 1069, 1129, 1189, 1249, 1309, 1369, 1429, 1489, 1549, 1609, 1669, 1729, 1789, 1849, 1909, 1969, , 110, 170, 230, 290, 350, 410, 470, 530, 590, 650, 710, 770, 830, 890, 950, 1010, 1070, 1130, 1190, 1250, 1310, 1370, 1430, 1490, 1550, 1610, 1670, 1730, 1790, 1850, 1910, 1970, , 111, 171, 231, 291, 351, 411, 471, 531, 591, 651, 711, 771, 831, 891, 951, 1011, 1071, 1131, 1191, 1251, 1311, 1371, 1431, 1491, 1551, 1611, 1671, 1731, 1791, 1851, 1911, 1971, 2031

130 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 9 1 壬子 10 2 癸丑 1 3 甲寅 2 4 乙卯 3 5 丙辰 4 6 丁巳 5 7 戊午 6 8 己未 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 52, 112, 172, 232, 292, 352, 412, 472, 532, 592, 652, 712, 772, 832, 892, 952, 1012, 1072, 1132, 1192, 1252, 1312, 1372, 1432, 1492, 1552, 1612, 1672, 1732, 1792, 1852, 1912, 1972, , 113, 173, 233, 293, 353, 413, 473, 533, 593, 653, 713, 773, 833, 893, 953, 1013, 1073, 1133, 1193, 1253, 1313, 1373, 1433, 1493, 1553, 1613, 1673, 1733, 1793, 1853, 1913, 1973, , 114, 174, 234, 294, 354, 414, 474, 534, 594, 654, 714, 774, 834, 894, 954, 1014, 1074, 1134, 1194, 1254, 1314, 1374, 1434, 1494, 1554, 1614, 1674, 1734, 1794, 1854, 1914, 1974, , 115, 175, 235, 295, 355, 415, 475, 535, 595, 655, 715, 775, 835, 895, 955, 1015, 1075, 1135, 1195, 1255, 1315, 1375, 1435, 1495, 1555, 1615, 1675, 1735, 1795, 1855, 1915, 1975, , 116, 176, 236, 296, 356, 416, 476, 536, 596, 656, 716, 776, 836, 896, 956, 1016, 1076, 1136, 1196, 1256, 1316, 1376, 1436, 1496, 1556, 1616, 1676, 1736, 1796, 1856, 1916, 1976, , 117, 177, 237, 297, 357, 417, 477, 537, 597, 657, 717, 777, 837, 897, 957, 1017, 1077, 1137, 1197, 1257, 1317, 1377, 1437, 1497, 1557, 1617, 1677, 1737, 1797, 1857, 1917, 1977, , 118, 178, 238, 298, 358, 418, 478, 538, 598, 658, 718, 778, 838, 898, 958, 1018, 1078, 1138, 1198, 1258, 1318, 1378, 1438, 1498, 1558, 1618, 1678, 1738, 1798, 1858, 1918, 1978, , 119, 179, 239, 299, 359, 419, 479, 539, 599, 659, 719, 779, 839, 899, 959, 1019, 1079, 1139, 1199, 1259, 1319, 1379, 1439, 1499, 1559, 1619, 1679, 1739, 1799, 1859, 1919, 1979, 2039

131 Earthly Cycle Heavenly Cycle Lunar Year Cycle Lunar Year HanJa 7 9 庚申 8 10 辛酉 9 11 壬戍 癸亥 Approximate Western Calendar Years (A.D.) 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540, 600, 660, 720, 780, 840, 900, 960, 1020, 1080, 1140, 1200, 1260, 1320, 1380, 1440, 1500, 1560, 1620, 1680, 1740, 1800, 1860, 1920, 1980, , 121, 181, 241, 301, 361, 421, 481, 541, 601, 661, 721, 781, 841, 901, 961, 1021, 1081, 1141, 1201, 1261, 1321, 1381, 1441, 1501, 1561, 1621, 1681, 1741, 1801, 1861, 1921, 1981, , 122, 182, 242, 302, 362, 422, 482, 542, 602, 662, 722, 782, 842, 902, 962, 1022, 1082, 1142, 1202, 1262, 1322, 1382, 1442, 1502, 1562, 1622, 1682, 1742, 1802, 1862, 1922, 1982, , 123, 183, 243, 303, 363, 423, 483, 543, 603, 663, 723, 783, 843, 903, 963, 1023, 1083, 1143, 1203, 1263, 1323, 1383, 1443, 1503, 1563, 1623, 1683, 1743, 1803, 1863, 1923, 1983, 2043

132

133 Chapter 4 Genealogical research is greatly enriched by the study of history. Coupling knowledge of when a Korean ancestor lived with a study of Korean history yields a dramatic increase in an understanding, appreciation, and attachment. Furthermore, the dates contained in older records often cannot be deciphered without a basic knowledge of Korean history. This is particularly true when dates are recorded based on the years of a monarch s reign. Therefore, this chapter introduces a basic Korean history timeline with particular emphasis on the years that monarchs reigned in the Wang and Yi dynasties. Founding Legends There are several theories about the origin of the Korean people. A root grammar that differs from surrounding nations makes the quest to discover the oldest Korean roots quite interesting. Theories cover a wide range of possibilities, including Mongolian roots, ties to ancient Norway,

134 and even a lost tribe of Israel mixed with ancient Asian cultures. Traditional legends of Korea s founding also add to the variety. One of the earliest surviving records of a Korean founding legend is found in a 13th century A.D. record called SamGukYuSa (三國遺事, 삼국유사). The god HwanIn (桓因, 환인) had a son named HwanUng (桓雄, 환웅). HwanUng became the Heavenly King and founded God City (신시, ShinShi) located at White-Head Mountain (白頭山, 백두산, BaekDuSan), which is in modern day North Korea on the northern border by China. A heavenly lake fills a volcanic crater at the top of BaekDuSan. HwanUng granted the wish of a bear and transformed her into a woman named UngNyeo (熊女, 웅녀), meaning bear woman. UngNyeo prayed for a child beneath the Godly Birch Tree (神檀樹, 신단수). The Heavenly King took her as his wife, and she had a son named DanGun WangGeom (檀君王儉, 단군왕검). DanGun founded the walled city of ASaDal (阿斯達, 아사달), the predecessor of the modern-day North Korean capital city PyungYang. This was the legendary start of the earliest Korean kingdom called Ancient JoSeon or GoJoSeon. GoJoSeon was believed to have been established by DanGun in 2333 B.C., which is why the early DanGi (檀紀, 단기) calendar starts with that year. Early Kingdoms Korea was made up of smaller kingdoms before becoming one unified empire. GoGuRyeo, a northern kingdom, had many wars with China and ultimately was weakened and conquered. That led to a period when Korea was divided into three kingdoms: GaYa, SilLa, and BaekJae. SilLa, in the south east, was a strong sea power that defeated Japanese pirates. GaYa was between SilLa and BaekJae. GaYa was rich in iron, which helped it develop the tools necessary to thrive in agriculture. GaYa was taken over by SilLa in 562 A. D. SilLa drove the Chinese kingdoms out of Korea in 676.

135 GoRyeo The GoRyeo Empire unified all of Korea. GoRyeo is the source of the modern day word Korea. GoRyeo was founded in 918 A.D. Buddhism was the primary religion during this period, which resulted in the publication of the Tripitaka Koreana Buddhist scriptures that were carved into 81,258 wooden blocks. A printing press with movable-metal type was also developed during this time period. GoRyeo leadership established a clear Korean identity that continues even today. The GoRyeo Empire was ruled by the Wang (王, 왕) Dynasty. The Wang Dynasty monarchs are listed in the following table. The rulers were given temple or posthumous names after their deaths, which are usually the names used when referencing years. Emperor names ending in Jo (祖, 조) began eras, while those ending in Jong (宗, 종) followed them. Wang (王, 왕) is also the Korean word for king. Table 4.1 GoRyeo Monarchs Ruling Years Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Living Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 王建 (왕건, WangGeon) 若天 (약천, YakCheon) 王武 (왕무, WangMu) 承乾 (승건, SeungGeon) 王堯 (왕요, WangYo) 천의 (천의, CheonUi) 王昭 (왕소, WangSo) 日華 (일화, IlHwa) Posthumous Temple or Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 太祖 (태조, TaeJo) 惠宗 (혜종, HyaeJong) 定宗 (정종, JeongJong) 光宗 (광종, GwangJong) 光德 (광덕, GwangDeok) 峻豊 (준풍, JunPung)

136 Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Living Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 王伷 (왕유, WangYu) 長民 (장민, JangMin) 王治 (왕치, WangChi) 溫古 (온고, OnGo) 王誦 (왕송, WangSong) 孝伸 (효신, HyoShin) 王詢 (왕순, WangSun) 安世 (안세, AnSae) 王欽 (왕흠, WangHeum) 元良 (원량, WonRyang) 王亨 (왕형, WangHyeong) 申照 (신조, ShinJo) 王徽 (왕휘, WangHwi) 燭幽 (촉유, ChokYu) 王勳 (왕훈, WangHun) 義恭 (의공, UiGong) 王運 (왕운, WangUn) 繼天 (계천, GyaeCheon) 王昱 (왕욱, WangUk) 王熙 (왕희, WangHui) 天常 (천상, CheonSang) 王俁 (왕우, WangU) 世民 (세민, SaeMin) 王楷 (왕해, WangHae) 仁表 (인표, InPyo) Posthumous Temple or Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 景宗 (경종, GyeongJong) 成宗 (성종, SeongJong) 穆宗 (목종, MokJong) 顯宗 (현종, YeonJong) 德宗 (덕종, DeokJong) 靖宗 (정종, JeongJong) 文宗 (문종, MunJong) 順宗 (순종, SunJong) 宣宗 (선종, SeonJong) 獻宗 (헌종, HeonJong) 肅宗 (숙종, SukJong) 睿宗 (예종, YaeJong) 仁宗 (인종, InJong)

137 Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Living Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 王晛 (왕현, WangHyeon) 日升 (일승, IlSeung) 王皓 (왕호, WangHo) 之旦 (지단, JiDan) 王晫 (왕탁, WangTak) 至華 (지화, JiHwa) 王韺 (왕영, WangYeong) 不陂 (불피, BulPi) Posthumous Temple or Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 毅宗 (의종, UiJong) 明宗 (명종, MyeongJong) 神宗 (신종, ShinJong) 熙宗 (희종, HuiJong) 王晶 (왕오, WangO) 王璹 (왕숙, WangSuk) 王貞 (왕정, WangJeong) 康宗 (강종, GangJong) 大華 (대화, DaeHwa) 王澈 (왕철, WangCheol) 天祐 (천우, CheonU) 王倎 (왕식, WangShik) 日新 (일신, IlShin) 王椹 (왕거, WangGeo) 王璋 (왕장, WangJang) 仲昻 (중앙, JungAng) 王燾 (왕만, WangMan) (의효, EuiHyo) 王禎 (왕정, WangJeong) 普塔失里 (보탑실리, BoTapShilLi) 高宗 (고종, GoJong) 元宗 (원종, WonJong) 忠烈王 (충렬왕, ChungRyeolWang) 忠宣王 (충선왕, ChungSeonWang) 忠肅王 (충숙왕, ChungSukWang) 忠惠王 (충혜왕, ChungHyaeWang)

138 Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Living Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) Posthumous Temple or Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 王昕 (왕흔, WangHeun) 八思麻朶兒只 (팔사마타아지, PalSaMaTaAJi) 王蚳 (왕저, WangJeo) 迷思監朶兒只 (미사감타아지, MiSaGamTaAJi) 王祺 (왕전, WangJeon) 伯顔帖木兒 (바얀테무르, BaYanTaeMuReu) (이재, IJae) 忠穆王 (충목왕, ChungMokWang) 忠靖王 (충정왕, ChungJeongWang) 恭愍王 (공민왕, GongMinWang) (익당, IkDang) 王禑 (왕우, WangU) 禑王 (우왕, UWang) 王昌 (왕창, WangChang) 昌王 (창왕, ChangWang) 王瑤 (왕요, WangYo) 恭讓王 (공양왕, GongYangWang) JoSeon The JoSeon Empire was ruled by the Yi (李, 이) Dynasty beginning in JoSeon is also frequently spelled Chosun or Choson. TaeJo was powerful in the previous GoRyeo Empire and lead a coup that began the Yi Dynasty and the JoSeon Empire. The JoSeon Empire had a strong government and class system. The culture focused on morality with a Confucius influence. The modern-day Korean focus on scholarship, standardized tests, and the honoring of teachers has many of its roots in

139 this period. One of the most honored rulers of this period is the fourth ruler -- The Great King SaeJong. King SaeJong is known for adopting the Korean HanGul alphabet. The scientific and phonetic HanGul alphabet is still credited for Korea s record-setting literacy rate. Table 4.2 JoSeon Monarchs' Ruling Years Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Personal Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) Temple/Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 李成桂 (이성계, ISeongGyae) 太祖 (태조, TaeJo) 李旦 (이단, IDan) 天授 (천수, CheonSu) 李芳果 (이방과, IBangGwa) 李芳遠 (이방원, IBangWon) 李祹 (이도, IDo) 李珦 (이향, IHyang) 文宗 (문종, MunJong) 李弘緯 (이홍위, IHongWui) 端宗 (단종, DanJong) 李瑈 (이유, IYu) 世祖 (세조, SaeJo) 李晄 (이광, IGwang) 睿宗 (예종, YaeJong) 李娎 (이혈, IHyeol) 成宗 (성종, SeongJong) 李隆 (이융, IYung) 李懌 (이역, IYeok) 燕山君 (연산군, YeonSanGun) 中宗 (중종, JungJong) 李峼 (이호, IHo) 仁宗 (인종, InJong) 李峘 (이환, IHwan) 明宗 (명종, MyeongJong) 李蚣 (이연, IYeon) 宣祖 (선조, SeonJo) 李琿 (이혼, IHon) 李倧 (이종, IJong) 定宗 (정종, JeongJong) 太宗 (태종, TaeJong) 世宗 (세종, SaeJong) 光海君 (광해군, GwangHaeGun) 仁祖 (인조, InJo)

140 Ruling Years (Years in A.D.) Personal Names and Titles HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) Temple/Era Names HanJa (HanGul, Romanized) 李淏 (이호, IHo) 孝宗 (효종, HyoJong) 李棩 (이연, IYeon) 顯宗 (현종, HyeonJong) 李焞 (이순, ISun) 肅宗 (숙종, SukJong) 李昀 (이윤, IYun) 景宗 (경종, GyeongJong) 李昑 (이금, IGeum) 英祖 (영조, YeongJo) 李祘 (이산, ISan) 正祖 (정조, JeongJo) 李蚣 (이공, IGong) 純祖 (순조, SunJo) 李奐 (이환, IHwan) 憲宗 (헌종, HeonJong) 李昪 (이변, IByeon) 哲宗 (철종, CheolJong) 李命福 (이명복, IMyeongBok) 李拓 (이척, ICheok) 高宗 (고종, GoJong) 純宗 (순종, SunJong) GoRyeo was renamed the Korean Empire in Korea was modernizing heavily during this time. Russian influence grew until the Korean Empire was defeated by Japan in Japanese Occupation The Japanese annexed Korea in 1905 and conquered Korea in The annexation was generally considered illegal by the Korean people. The treaty was not signed with the emperor s seal. The annexation treaty was internationally determined to be false in The occupation was brutal. The Korean culture was declared illegal. Koreans were required to adopt Japanese names. Korean history was

141 banned from being taught in schools. Some areas reported people being publicly executed for speaking Korean. Natural resources and in some cases even people were sent to Japan. The mountains, once full of trees, were bald. Today you see many mountains covered with trees in straight lines because of modern re-planting efforts to recover. The Korean people refused to let their language and culture die. They formed strong liberation movements. The March First Movement was the most famous event in the liberation struggle, which took place in 1919 A. D. Thousands were killed in demonstrations. This movement was inspired by a speech by President Woodrow Wilson on the right of self-determination, which began Korea s close ties to the U.S. The Provisional Government of Korea was set up in China and formally petitioned the U.S. government for help. Many of those involved were Presbyterians who later helped establish the South Korean government. The influence of Presbyterians and Christianity are still strong in South Korean culture. The end of World War II and the surrender of Japan finally enabled Korean liberation. Due to political struggles between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, Korea was temporarily divided at the 38 th parallel. The U.S. and Soviet Union could not agree on how to set up a unified Korean government, so the issue was taken to the United Nations (U.N.). Although the U.N. recognized the Republic of Korea (ROK) as the government for all of Korea, Cold War tensions prevented Korea from regaining its unified independence. Korean War North Korea attacked the south in 1950, which started the Korean War. They drove the U.S. and South Korean forces to the southeast corner in PuSan. General MacArthur, who is still a revered figure in South Korea,

142 led an amphibious attack that trapped the attackers and then drove north. China joined the north, which quickly destabilized the situation. The fighting stopped in 1953 with the signing of an armistice agreement. The agreement did not officially declare the war over, however. North and South Korea The Soviet Union set up a communist dictatorship in the north called the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (DPRK). The Republic of Korea (ROK) was established in the south. South Korea modeled its constitution and government after the U.S. This division remains to the present day without formally closing the Korean War. Hopes for Reunification Many Korean songs and proverbs reflect the long struggles of the Korean people to maintain their culture, language, and independence. One saying reflects the Korean honor particularly well: a mighty tree can break and fall when hit by the wind of a terrible storm, but the humble rice bows its head and rises again when the storm passes. One can almost feel the pain and wisdom of a peaceful-loving people struggling to maintain their culture and identity as neighboring empires invade and interrupt their peace. If there is one thing Korean history has taught, it is that the Korean people will bond together and survive despite outside attempts to conquer and divide them. One can feel the suspense as the world watches to see if the Korean people will ultimately overcome the tensions set up during the Cold War to once again unite as an independent nation. It is the author s hope and prayer that the path for a peaceful reunification will one day be realized. The world watched miraculous

143 events in Europe reunite a divided Germany; perhaps a similar miracle is waiting to unite the humble and deserving people of Korea. The figurative rice field may have been beaten down by the storm of the Cold War, but surely each stalk of rice will eventually stand again when the storm passes.

144

145 5 Chapter Family Records Many Korean clans pass down genealogies and family histories that are kept by the eldest sons. These family registries are called JokBo (族譜, 족보). Many families have a formal family run organization that collects and publishes genealogy updates to the family. These organizations identify and take care of family historical sites, including grave sites and ancestral homes. Some families are starting to publish this information on the internet. Donating records to public online archives to preserve Korean history is also a wonderful growing trend. There have never been so many resources available to genealogists, and the future is even brighter. There is also a new movement to preserve and publicly publish family histories as national treasures. For example, the Inje University Genealogy Library collects and publishes Korean genealogical records at The software used to view these records requires a Korean version of Microsoft Windows (not just an English

146 version of Windows with Korean fonts installed), however, which can be a barrier for researchers outside of Korea. Family Search also makes genealogical records available at Fortunately, these records are viewable by almost any computer with a web browser. At the time this book was written, Korean records can be located on Family Search by navigating to Records, Browse by Location, Asia and Middle East, Korea, Collection of Genealogies, , Browse through 171,982 images. The number of published records is continually growing. No doubt, this will eventually include indexing, which enables text-based searches, rather than just images. Although searchable indexed records would be very helpful, the currently available images of genealogical records are all that is needed to find ancestors using the methods presented in this book. From there you can navigate to specific clan records by selecting the family name, country, province, and city/county, and town that identify the clan. You will often find many volumes of records for clans in the collection. Family genealogies often start with family histories. Some records contain the valiant acts of the ancestors. Some also contain maps and pictures of family graves and historical sites, photos or paintings of prominent ancestors, and photos and information about family historical treasures. Page Structure When viewing pages of a family registry, imagine the pages as being cut out from one giant scroll. The following diagrams represent a simplified version of that visualization. First, imagine a giant scroll with information about family members recorded on it. The scroll has horizontal rows that each represent a generation. In this simplified example there are only 4 generations, but in a real Korean genealogical

147 record there could be over 30 generations recorded. Note that each entry shows a married couple or an individual child. Also note that the record starts in the upper right and is read top-to-bottom, right-to-left, in traditional style. Diagram 5.1 Visualization of a Genealogy Scroll: Next, imagine that there are lines showing parent-child relationships. The actual records do not include these lines, but this visualization clarifies how to identify parent-child relationships. Children are generally located just below their parents in the records. They don t always line up exactly, but there will be enough clues in the text to identify where one couple s children end and the next begin. For example, each parent record lists the number of sons and daughters, which will helps identify where that family s record ends in the next row of children.

148 Diagram 5.2 Visualization of Lineage on a Genealogy Scroll: Next, imagine cutting the scroll into pages. In this simplified example there are two generations per page. In actual records you typically find about 6 generations per page. Also, the pages could be organized into multiple volumes of books. Diagram 5.3 Visualization of a Genealogy Scroll Cut into Pages: Note that not every page has every generation row populated. In the simplified example above, Page 3 and 6 have no records, and therefore may be excluded from the actual record. Page 9 only has records on the row for the 4 th generation and is blank for the 3 rd generation; in that case you would need to turn to page 8 and move up a row to locate the children s parents. Also, it is not uncommon to see the text of the bottom generation overflow across the bottom row s boundaries somewhat; some dates and text might overflow a bit into the row below in an effort

149 to fit all of the children on same page as their parents. Sometimes that still doesn t get the whole family on one page, so you may have to turn to the next page to see the rest of a parent s children. Remember that pages are numbered from back-to-front in eastern style, unlike western books that number pages front-to-back. Facing pages are generally organized as follows. The facing pages can be considered to be one page read from right-to-left across the binding and top-to-bottom thru the generations listed on the right page (elements D-I on the following diagram). All of the structural elements labeled below are normally written in HanJa from top-to-bottom. Locating individuals in a 12-page record would be easy, but it would be considerably more difficult when the record count grows to tens of thousands of individuals in the clan. A method of linking pages across generations helps simplify navigation. The following example describes links up and down generations that span multiple pages for Diagram 5.3. The names of Parents A-1 and Parents A-2 from pages 7 and 8 would also be listed at the bottom of Page 1 under Grandparents A in an appreviated record showing just the gender, name, and often even the volume and page number where their full record can be found (page 1, in this case). The opposite direction is also linked. The name of the grandfather from Grandparents A on page 1 would be listed above Parents A1 and Parents A2 on pages 7 and 8. Similar links would be included between page 4, 12, and 10 to link the children of Grandparents B to the page with their father. Generation numbers are shown in locations D thru I in the following diagram. The earliest founder of the clan is generation 1. Generations are generally formatted as HanJa numbers followed by the HanJa character 世, meaning generation: HanJa 世 HanGul 세 Pronunciation Sae Meaning Generation

150 Diagram 5.4 Structure of Facing Pages of a Family Registry: A Book Title and Volume (read top-to-bottom) B Page # C Page # (one page greater than B; book pages arranged right-to-left) D, E, F, G, H, I Generation # (increasing down the page) When the book is bound, the book is read in the opposite direction as western or even modern Korean books. Genealogical records follow the traditional method of the back cover being the front. Pages are numbered back-to-front. Facing pages are numbered from the right page to the left page, but they function as one large page. Linking Individual Records Records of individuals follow some common patterns. They start by indicating if the individual is a son (子, 자, Ja) or a daughter (女, 녀, Nyeo). The family name is not specified in individual records of children born into the clan, but the family name is specified in the title of the registry book. It is assumed that all sons and daughters of the clan in the entire family

151 registry share the family name. Note that married women do not change their family name when they are married, unlike in western cultures. Accordingly, women who are married into the family have their family names and sometimes even their father s names specified in the record. When a son marries, his children are listed in his father s family registry. This makes it possible to find a full paternal line in one family registry by following a linked chain of fathers. Following maternal links to a mother s parents requires jumping to another family s registry book. When a daughter marries, she is given to her husband s family. Her children will be listed under her in her husband s family registry. She will usually still be listed in her father s registry as his daughter, and normally her husband s name will be listed, too. This provides genealogists with a precious link between the two clans. The daughter and even her husband may be in both families registries, but her children are only listed in her husband s family registry. These maternal links bind together the family registries of all the clans in Korea into one people with a common history. Linking Individuals Across Pages and Volumes The top and bottom generation rows of each page serve as a link to the same individual on another page of the family registry, except in cases where the start or end of a family line has been reached. The top parent generation on a page is represented by generation row D in the previous diagram, and the bottom generation row of children on a page is represented by generation row I. Listing an individual twice (as the parent on one page and the child on another) links pages of a registry together when moving up or down to generations that can t all fit on one page. In some newer publications, individual records on the top and bottom generation rows include volume and page numbers to aide in locating the

152 linked page for that individual. The volume number is often prefixed with the HanJa character 正 and followed by the volume number and page number, all typically written in HanJa. If volume and page number links are not included, you can still find the linked page by searching all pages of the family registry for the linked record of that individual. It helps to narrow down the search by only searching pages with the correct generation number. If you are linking down a generation, the name of a child on the bottom generation row of one page is included in the top parent row of another page; both of those linked records represent the same individual and will have the same generation number. If you are linking up a generation, a parent name on the top generation row of a page is also listed as a child on the bottom row of another page; that page continues the line up to earlier generations. In these cases where a person is listed twice (the top parent generation of one page and the bottom child generation of another page), their full record is shown in the parent version of the record (top generation row of a page) and an abbreviated record is shown in the child version of the record (bottom generation row of a page). The full record includes information like the date of birth, spouse, number of children, or grave site. The abbreviated child version of such a record may only show the gender and name and is included just as a link to the full record on the other page. Note that the two pages that are linked together could be in different volumes/books of the same family registry. Records of Married Sons The following table is a typical individual record formatted traditionally as you would find in a family registry. The text is mostly HanJa and is read top-to-bottom, then right-to-left. It is followed by another table that breaks down and interprets each element of the individual record.

153 Table 5.1 Sample Married Son The following divides the sample record into lettered sections. Key common HanJa characters that can help you identify sections are circled. The sections are interpreted in table 5.2.

154 Table 5.2 Interpretation of a Sample Married Son Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 子亨達 형달 Section A: Gender and Given Name 자형달 형달 A son (子, 자, Ja) with the given name of HyeungDal (亨達, 형달) Note that the given name is listed in HanJa then repeated in HanGul, which is becoming common in some modern editions of family registries. The HanGul version is much easier to read when uncommon HanJa characters are used, and the HanGul version shows the pronunciation. The HanJa version of the name specifies the precise meaning. Note that the last name was not specified. It is assumed that this son has the same family name as every child born into this family. The family name is in the title of the family registry itself and is not repeated for each individual. Note that you can find both of the HanJa characters in the given name in the HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names table in chapter 2. You can look them each up in an online KoreanEnglish HanJa dictionary to find the meanings. defines the syllables of HyeongDal s given name as follows: Hyeong ( 亨, 형) means smoothly progressing, or no trouble. Dal (達, 달) means arrive at, reach, or intelligent. HyeongDal could be translated as reaching tranquility.

155 Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 壬戍一九二二年十月十五日生 Section B: Birth Date 임수 년 10 월 10 5 일생 Born October 15, 1922 ImSu (壬戍, 임수) is the 59th year of the lunar year cycle: 1922 A.D (一九二二) year (年, 년, Nyeon) 10th (十) month (月, 월, Weol) 15th (十五) day (日, 일, Eel) Birth (生, 생, Saeng) - - Note that you can look up the HanJa numbers, vocabulary for dates, and lunar years in chapter 3. ImSu (壬戍, 임수) could represent the years 1802, 1862, 1922, 1982 and others (see the table of lunar calendar years in chapter 3). In this case, it clearly represents 1922 A.D. because 1922 follows it in HanJa (一九二二 ). It is common to see both lunar and solar years listed, like the record above, for modern records. Older records may only contain the lunar year, which requires looking for other clues in the text to narrow down the exact year. If you know the year a child was born, for example, the parent s birth and death years would have to fall before and after the child s brith; that clue would help narrow down which of the possible solar years to select for the lunar year specified.

156 Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 辛酉一九八一生五月一五日卒 Section C: Death Date 신유 년 5 월 1 5 일졸 Passed away May 15, 1981 ShinYu (辛酉, 신유) is the 58th year of the lunar year cycle: 1981 A.D (一九八一) year (年, 년, Nyeon) 5th (五) month (月, 월, Weol) 15th (十五) day (日, 일, Eel) Death (卒, 졸, Jol) - - Note that you can look up the HanJa numbers, vocabulary for dates, and lunar years in chapter 3. ShinYu (辛酉, 신유) could represent the years 1801, 1861, 1921, 1981 and others (see the table of lunar calendar years in chapter 3). In this case, it clearly represents 1981 A.D. because 1981 follows it in HanJa (一九八一 ). It is common to see both lunar and solar years listed, like the record above, for modern records. Older records may only contain the lunar year, which requires looking for other clues in the text to narrow down the exact year. If you know the year a child was born, for example, the parent s birth and death years would have to fall before and after the child s brith; that clue would help narrow down which of the possible solar years to select for the lunar year specified. 墓 孝令面 孝誠公園 Section D: Grave Location 묘 효령면 효성공원 Grave (墓, 묘, Myo) located at the town HyoRyeongMyeon (孝令面, 효령면) at HyoSeong Park (孝誠公園, 효성공원)

157 Section Section E: Section Divider HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes O This circle symbol separates sections of the record. In this case it is the end of the husband s information and the start of the wife s information. - Section F: Wife and Father in Law Names Note that if there was more than one wife, each wife has their own section and each section is separated by this symbol. 配宻陽朴明花父錫恒 배밀양박명화부석항 Wife (配, 배, Bae) from the MilYang Pak clan (宻陽朴, 밀양박) with the family name Pak (朴, 박) and the Given name MyeongHwa (明花, 명화) who is the daughter of Pak SeokHang (錫恒, 석항). - - Note that in this case the given name of the wife is listed. If only her family name was listed, she would be referred to as Mrs. Pak (朴氏, 박씨, Pak Sshi). Even without the wife s given name, her family name and clan with the given name of her father is enough to trace the maternal family link thru her father s family registry. Note that the father s given name, SeokHang, is listed but his family name is not. You can assume that he has the same family name (and clan) as his daughter, in this case Pak. The family name (in this case Pak, 朴, 박 ) can be located in the Korean Family Names table in chapter 2. The HanJa for the given names of the wife and the father can be located in the HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names table in chapter 2.

158 Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 壬申一九三二年十月二十二日生 Section G: Wife Birth Date 임신 년 10 월 일생 Born October 22, 1932: ImShin (壬申, 임신) is the 9th year of the lunar year cycle: in this case 1932 A.D (一九三二) year (年, 년, Nyeon) 10th (十) month (月, 월, Weol) 22nd (二十二) day (日, 일, Eel) Birth (生, 생, Saeng) - Section H: Number of Sons and Daughters In this sample the wife s death date is not listed. That may be because she was still living at the time the record was printed. If she had passed away, her death date and grave location would be recorded in a style similar to the husband s record in sections C and D. 一男 二女 1남2녀 This couple had 1 (一) son (男, 남, Nam) and 2 (二) daughters (女, 녀, Nyeo).

159 Records of Married Daughters Daughters are usually recorded in a family record. Usually their given names are listed, but sometimes only their husband s names are listed. Their records are not as detailed because their full information is recorded as part of their husband s record in his family s registry, similar to the wife in the previous example of a married son. A daughter s record should contain enough information to locate her husband s record in his family registry. Sometimes her birth date and some other information is also included. In the following example a daughter s given name, birth date, and husband s name and clan are listed. Table 5.3 Sample Married Daughter The following divides the sample record into lettered sections. Key HanJa characters that can help you identify sections are circled. The sections are interpreted in table 5.4.

160 Table 5.4 Interpretation of a Sample Married Daughter Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 女明子 명자 Section A: Gender and Given Name 여명자 명자 A daughter (女, 여, Yeo) with the given name of MyeongJa (明子, 명자) - - Note that the given name was repeated in HanGul, which is becoming common in some modern editions of family registries. Note that the last name was not specified. It is assumed that this daughter has the same name as every child born into this family. The family name is in the title of the family registry itself and is not repeated for each individual. A woman does not change her family name when she is married. Note that you can find the both of the HanJa characters in the given name in the HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names table in chapter 2. You can look them each up in an online KoreanEnglish HanJa dictionary to find the meanings. defines the syllables of MyeongJa s given name as follows: Myeong ( 明, 명) means bright, light, brilliant, or clear. Ja (子, 자) means offspring, child, fruit, or seed of. MyeongJa could be translated as bright child.

161 Section HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 壬戍一九二二年十月十五日生 Section B: Birth Date 임수 년 10 월 10 5 일생 Born October 15, 1922 ImSu (壬戍, 임수) is the 59th year of the lunar year cycle: 1922 A.D (一九二二) year (年, 년, Nyeon) 10th (十) month (月, 월, Weol) 15th (十五) day (日, 일, Eel) Birth (生, 생, Saeng) - - Note that you can look up the HanJa numbers, vocabulary for dates, and lunar years in chapter 3. ImSu (壬戍, 임수) could represent the years 1802, 1862, 1922, 1982 and others (see the table of lunar calendar years in chapter 3). In this case, it clearly represents 1922 A.D. because 1922 follows it in HanJa (一九二二 ). It is common to see both lunar and solar years listed, like the record above, for modern records. Older records may only contain the lunar year, which requires looking for other clues in the text to narrow down the exact year. If you know the year a child was born, for example, the parent s birth and death years would have to fall before and after the child s brith; that clue would help narrow down which of the possible solar years to select for the lunar year specified.

162 Section Section C: Husband Name and Clan HanJa (from the table above) HanGul Interpretation Notes 夫全州崔碩憲 부전주최석헌 Husband Choi SeokHeon from the JeonJu clan of the Choi family. Husband (夫, 부, Bu) JeonJu clan (전주, JeonJu) of the Choi family name (崔, 최, Choi) Given name SeokHeon (碩憲, 석헌, SeokHeon) Note that JeonJu (全州, 전주) is the name of the city where the JeonJu Choi clan originated. The clan name can be used to identify the correct family registry for the JeonJu clan of the Choi family. This daughter s full record, including her children, can be found under her husband s record in the JeonJu Choi family registry -- they are generally not recorded in the daughter s father s family registry because she moves to her husband s registry. Her abbreviated information in this sample record is listed in her parent s registry with the name of her husband as a link to her record in her husband s registry where her full record with her children can be found. Note that you can find the Choi (崔, 최) family name in the Korean Family Names table in chapter 2. Note that you can find the both of the HanJa characters in the given name in the HanJa Syllables Used in Korean Given Names table in chapter 2. You can look them each up in an online KoreanEnglish HanJa dictionary to find the meanings. defines the syllables of SeokHeon s given name as follows: Seok (碩, 석) means great, eminent, large, or big. Heon (憲, 헌) means constitution, statute, or law. His name could be interpreted the great law.

163 Records of Single Children Records of unmarried sons and daughters resemble the previous two sections without the information about spouses or children. Just like the previous two examples, a son s record will start with 子 (자, Ja) and a daughter s record will start with 女 (여, Yeo). It will then have the HanJa version of their given names. Usually at least a birth date follows the given name, but sometimes only the gender and given name are provided. Blood-Line Adoptions Traditionally, it is very important to have a son in Korea. A son carries on the family line in the family registry. Family registries are paternal building maternal lines requires multiple registries from each family in the line. It is particularly important for the eldest son to have a son, as he will inherit leadership of the extended family. However, there are cases where the eldest son does not have a son of his own. A common remedy for this problem is a blood-line adoption where one of the eldest son s siblings gives him their second son. When this takes place, the son of a sibling becomes the son and inheritor of the eldest son. Family registries record blood-line adoptions. The adopted son is placed under the eldest son, to designate his new adopted father, but the fact that it is a blood-line adoption is clearly indicated. The real father is also recorded. An adopted son s record has some additional elements that aren t found in the previous examples. The son-less father records the adoption of his sibling s son under his line. However, instead of the adopted son s record starting with the HanJa for son 子 (자, Ja), as seen in previous examples, it starts with 子系 (자계, JaGyae), literally meaning child line or child connection. Next, the adopted child s given name is recorded.

164 Following the given name, you will find the HanJa version of the word 生父 (생부, SaengBu), meaning birth father or real father, and the birth father s given name. Since the real father is a sibling of the adopted father (generally the eldest son), you already know the family name of the real father. They are all from the same family and share the family name that is in the title of the family registry for the clan. The rest of the adopted son s record follows the same patterns as previous examples. The son-less father who adopts the son of his sibling also has a difference in his record. At the end of the adopting father s record, instead of recording 一男 (1 남, 1 Nam) to indicate one son, the record says 系男 (계남, GyaeNam), literally meaning line son and indicating a blood-line adoption that continues the family line. Starting Point There are two important pieces of information that will get you started on your search for Korean ancestors. The first is the name of a Korean ancestor written in HanJa characters. The second is the name of the clan associated with that ancestor s family name. These two pieces of information are needed to find an individual in family genealogical records available online. If that information is not available for the clan, then turn to government records related to family registries, clan websites, or even request to obtain access to the records from the family directly. If an ancestor s name in English or HanGul is known but the HanJa version is unknown or if the clan is unknown, then the search will be more challenging, but it is not impossible. Use the table of family names from chapter 2 to find the all of the possible HanJa versions of the family name. Note that there are a variety of English spellings for each HanGul version of a family name, but it is generally not difficult to find the right HanGul version of a Korean family name from the English version. Next, take each

165 possible HanJa version of the name and find all of the online records associated with each of those as a good starting place. For some HanGul family names with many HanJa versions this may result in several volumes to start with, but at least it is a good starting point. The following example is from the YeoSan clan of the Song family. This older edition of the Song records is divided into two books. Of course, newer editions could include information about living people that could cause privacy concerns a genealogist should always respect the privacy and wishes of individuals when researching. Clan records broken into more than two books will often number the volumes. In this case there are only two books, so they are identified as the above (上, 상, Sang) and below (下, 하, Ha) books (卷, 권, Gweon). In the following picture from the Family Search website, you see the title of the two family registry volumes (in HanGul and HanJa) followed by the volume identifier. The table after the picture breaks down the title of the family registry. Picture 5.1 Locating a Family Registry Online

166 Table 5.5 Family Registry Title Translation HanJa 礪山 HanGul 여산 Pronunciation YeoSan 宋氏 송씨 Song SShi Meaning Yeo Mountain (the location where the YeoSan Song family clan originated) Song Family 族譜 족보 JokBo Family Registry 卷上 권상 Gweon Sang 卷下 권하 Gweon Ha Scroll/Book Above/Before (First Volume) Scroll/Book Below/After (Second Volume) Family registries follow the traditional book orientation by starting from the back and working forward as you read the book. The front cover is where western books would have placed the back cover, and the book is read in the opposite direction of western books. Accordingly, in the YeoSan Song family registry below, you ll notice that the cover page has the binding on the right. Family Search correctly designates this as page or image 1. Picture 5.2 Viewing a Family Registry Online

167 The genealogical record is primarily written in HanJa characters. Some modern records also translate portions of the record into HanGul, but the bulk of the records are still in HanJa. Pages of traditional records are read back-to-front, top-to-bottom, right-to-left. In the example above, 礪山宋氏族譜上 (YeoSan Song Family Registry, First Volume) is written top-to-bottom on the cover page, in traditional style. Discovery Approach Start with identifying the page structure of the records. Identify how many generations are represented by each book in the volume by looking at the generation numbers on the right sides of pages. After becoming familiar with the page structure, search each page for an individual s gender and name. Try using row generation numbers to narrow down which pages to search. Find some sample birth dates for generation numbers to get a feel for which generations may contain the individual being searched for. Birth dates can be quickly identified by looking for the 生 (생, Saeng) character after dates. See the previous examples for date formats. When the record of an individual is found, identify the record structure. Find the common vocabulary covered in this book to identify sections, birth and death dates, etc. Look for HanJa representing lunar years and vocabulary representing births, deaths, marriages, or children. Determine if the individual was married and how many children they had. Look up one generation row to identify their parents. Look next to them on the same row to identify siblings after identifying how many children the parents had. Determine if there were blood-line adoptions. Look down one generation row to identify children. Generally, in recent generations the year is specified in HanJa as well as in lunar years. As you move up to older generations only the lunar years are listed. Use the known solar years for lower generations to

168 narrow down which solar years are represented by lunar years in earlier generations. For example, if the solar birth year of a child is known, select solar years for the parents birth and death years that make sense and bound their children s birth years. Go up one generation at a time to accurately select the correct solar years for given lunar years using this method. When faced with unknown HanJa, search the tables of this book or draw the HanJa at following the stroke order and direction taught in chapter 1. Find and copy the HanJa character, then paste it into to discover the English meaning of the character. Search for groups of characters on or to discover the meaning of words made up of multiple syllables. Look for grave site locations to identify where the individuals lived. Use online searches to learn more about those regions. Fortunately, most Korean city names haven t changed thru history, so it is normally easy to find information about where they lived. Also look up the information about the city or town where the clan began. Generally this city is in the clan title, which is also the title of the family registry. Finally, learn about the history that took place during the time that the individuals lived. This enriches understanding of their lives and intensifies the lessons of Korean history. Discovering Korean ancestors is a challenging and rewarding endeavor. The fundamentals introduced by this book provide a good foundation. Learn, collaborate, and share as you discover Korean ancestors and history. May your journey of discovery richly bless you as you discover the rich history of Korea.

169 2000 South Korean Census. (2000). South Korea: Korean National Statistical Office. Korea, Collection of Genealogies, Family Search. List of Monarchs of Korea; Korean Mythology; Dangun; Korean History. Hanja Dictionary. 네이버 한자사전. 인명용 한자표. (2011). South Korea.

170 Jason Howard grew up in South Korea, where he developed a deep love for the Korean people, culture, and language. He soon returned to serve as a missionary for two years. He received a B.S. in Computer Science from Illinois Institute of Technology, and then returned again to Korea. He married his sweetheart, a native Korean. Together they are raising four wonderful daughters. The author served as a Marine, worked in the defense industry, and received an MBA from the University of Dallas. Jason began studying the genealogy of his family. This endeavor was motivated by love for his children. He desired to pass on to them a precious connection to their ancestors. Genealogical research enables them to appreciate and honor those who came before them and intensifies the meaning and lessons of history. This ancestral connection is truly rewarding. Locating records of his wife s Korean ancestors was exciting, and interpreting them was fascinating. The author recognized that his children and their children would need a guide to help them continue to treasure and research the family genealogical records. He dedicated himself to this task. The author realized that this guide could also benefit others with similar goals, so he published it. He hopes to help fill the void of resources to help English speakers discover Korean ancestors, enable the use of family registries for educational research into Korean history and culture, and honor the heritage of Korea. The author administers a website dedicated to helping people succeed in Korean genealogical research. Visit or other online communities dedicated to genealogy to receive help or serve those who need help with Korean genealogical research.