41.5(14) fm
|
|
|
- 진웅 이
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 560~565 (2009) The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology w ³ z z k 1 Á Á Á z Á ùá xá k Á Á½ * w w w, 1 w t In vivo Toxicity and Immunoadjuvant Activity of Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus Taek Joon Yoon 1, Woong Suk Yang, Sung Min Park, Hoe Yune Jung, An Na Lee, Jin Hyuk Jung, Tae Bong Kang, Yung Choon Yoo, and Jong Bae Kim* Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University 1 Deptartment of Food & Nutrition, Yuhan University Abstract In this study, Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110) was fermented with two strains of Lactobacillus (FKM-110) and then toxicity, lectin content, and immune activities were investigated. The lectin content of FKM-110 was about 53-71% lower than that of KM-110. When mice were subcutaneously administered with KM-110 and FKM-110, the LD 50 obtained for KM-110 treatment was mg/kg as compared to mg/ml for FKM-110. Each preparation stimulated macrophages directly and enhanced productivity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. FKM- 110 treatment resulted in lower cytokine production compared to KM-110. When mice were immunized with Keyhol limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen along with KM-110 or FKM-110 administration, higher antibody titers to KLH were observed in the KM-110 or FKM-110 groups compared to mice immunized with KLH alone, thereby showing no difference between KM-110 and FKM-110. Therefore, fermentation of Korean mistletoe extract with these Lactobacillus strains decreased toxicity in vivo while the enhancement of immune activity by KM-110 and FKM-110 was similar. These data suggest that KM-110 fermentation tended to decrease lectin content and in vivo toxicity. In addition, other components in the fermented mistletoe extract appear to stimulate immuno-adjuvant activity instead of lectin. Key words: mistletoe extract, fermentation, lectin, toxocity, immuno-adjuvant (Mistletoe, Viscum album) ƒ ù w w», ù sw w l w w (1-3). w Viscum w Viscum alum loranthacea, w w Viscum alum coloratum w š (4). p, w 1920 l z w e /»k» t xk q š (2,5). wr, ù w (Viscum album Coloratum) ù»,», w», m, šx,, em w w š(3), w y t y w ƒ w š (3,6-9). *Corresponding author: Jong Bae Kim, Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Korea Tel: Fax: jbkim@handong.edu Received June 20, 2009; revised August 11, 2009; accepted August 12, w s y ƒ ƒ w p(lectin) w (3,4,6,7,10,11). p p w p-i, -II -III wš, p ƒ B-chain cytotoxic A chain hetero dimmer xk wš (10,11). p w s A-chain w 60S ribosomal subunit y w w ƒ (12), p w s apoptosis w (7,13). w p s p- w w s l tumour necrosis factor-α(tnfα), interleukin-1β(il-1β) interferon-γ(ifn-γ) ƒ cytokine w p y j y (11). p cytokine ùkü» p w» w w ù, x ¾ xk ƒ š (11,14). w w s w w p w t y, w» w wù ³ zw w (2,11,14). y w ù Iscador Lactobacillus plantarum z k
2 mw p w t y k (11,14). Iscador š w, ³ z w p w z j w 10 w ù, ƒ ƒ ƒ w š w y y w š š (2,11,14,15). Iscador, ³ z w s z ƒ ³ z w dimer xk p A B chain z ùkü w p peptides w k s ƒ x w š (15). w, ³ z z z ƒ w z ³ w z ƒ w wš (5,11,14). w Iscador w y w, macrophage natural killer cell(nk-cell) ww y y,, p s y,, w s z w š (11,14,15). Iscador w x, s w s z y y w s w y j z ƒ šw (11,16,17). ü y w w, y w ƒ y w w š (3,6-9,13), w w z s p p w (3,8) y w p w šw (9,18). w w w y (8,9,18) ³ z in vivo z z z w, z» ƒ mwš w. z x w ù w 12-1 w š, w (KM-110)» š (21) w w. KM-110 z w s w 2 ³ w w. w, Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC %ƒ 20 mg/ml KM-110 z, ³ 37 o C 30 o C ƒƒ 1, 2 3 w. z, ƒ ³ z w š, r ƒƒ FKM-LC FKM-LP ew. PBS w 50 mg/ml stock solution z 20 o C w x w. x z 6-8 BALB/c ICR ( ) w x (Seoul, Korea) w w x w. ƒ 5 x r (Samyang Co Ltd, Incheon, Korea) œ w š, 22 o C, 50%, 12 k p w w. w z y 561 s s w RPMI-1640 Eagle s minimal essential medium(emem), fetal bovine serum(fbs), vitamin solution, non-essential amino acid, L-glutamic acid, thiogly-collate Gibco(Carlsbad, CA, USA) w. s clon26-m3.1 lung carcinoma 7.5% FBS, vitamin solution, sodium pyruvate, non-essential amino acid, L-glutamine w EMEM, lymphocytes 7.5% FBSƒ w RPMI-1640 ƒƒ w 5% CO 2, 95% 37 o C»(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, MA, USA) w. w w keyhol Lympet hemocyanin (KLH) Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) w. Lecin w p(kml-c) w» t twosite sandwich ELISA w (19). w, KML-C w j w 8E12-3E9(10 µg/ml) 50 ml ELISA plate (Rochester, NY, USA) ƒ well coating z, washing BSA w blocking w z, t 50 ng-5 µg/ml KML-C ƒw g. KML-C w detetion w t horseradish peroxidase(hrp: Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)ƒ w 8B11-2C5-HRP w ƒw g. z ƒ well wš HRP w» 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine(tmb; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) ƒw z, 450 nm Ÿ d w. In vivo group 7 ICR (, 7 ) KM- 110, FKM-LP FKM-LC ƒƒ 200, 150, mg/kg vw w š, z 5 w x y d w. Macrophage l Cytokine BALB/c 1% thioglycollate 1mL wš 3 z k z, RPMI-1640 w ü s(peritoneal exudative cells, PEC) w. z w PEC 24 well culture plate 1.5Ü10 6 /ml w w. z ƒ ƒ(10 µg/ml)wš 24 w. ƒ cytokine w lipopolysaccharide(lps: Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) w. z, macrophage z wš, TNF-α IL-1β ƒ cytokine ELISA kit(pharmingen, CA, USA) w e d w. w w ƒ d w w w KLH w. 6 BALB/ c 10 µg KLH y KLH 100 µg KM-110 ƒ ³ ƒƒ z FKM-110 y ww 2 2z vw w. z 1 l 7 ¾ 2 l x w š, x z w ƒ d ¾ 20 o C w. x ü KLH w w ƒ» š indirect ELISA (20) d w š, w ƒ x w OD 2 ƒ w.
3 562 w t wz 41 «5y (2009) Fig. 1. Consentration of lectin in fermented KM-110 determined by two-site Sandwich ELISA. (A) FKM-LC; fermented with Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180, (B) FMK-LP; fermented with Lactobacillus plantanum KCTC *p<0.01 compared with the KM-110 group by student s two-tailed t-test. m w x m Microsoft Excel v (Redmond, WA, USA) Student s two-tailed t-test w. š ³ zw w lectin y 2 ³ w w 1-3 z k z, lectin w y w (Fig. 1). 10 mg/ml KM ng/ml lectin w š, KM- 110 Lactobacillus casei KCTC , 48, 72 z FKM-LC lectin w ƒƒ 428, 398, 383 ng/ml z lectin w w w ùkû ù, m. wr, KM-110 Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3103 ³ w z k FKM-LP, z 320 ng/ml lectin w. FKM-LC lectin w KM-110 w % š, FKM-LP 53.3%. ³ z w lectin w š ³ z z lectin w yƒ š, lectin w w z (5,17,21). z k, ³ k y z w ƒ w ƒw. lectin ƒ w» y y j ƒ w š š» (5,10,17,18). ù wr, lectin w w (11). x wš q w lectin w t y t ƒ š. w d x wš z Iscador p w w š(11,14) š, x z t Isorel Helixor w p w w w w p w w û ƒ ùkû ( t ). z ƒ z w x p p w w wš. x 1 p w p ƒ š ƒ ³ w p w in vivo z KM-110 w x ww. In vivo ³ z k in vivo x w. x w 3 z w. 7 kg KM-110, FKM-LC FKM-LP ƒƒ 200, 150, mg vw wš 5 w (Table 1). KM mg/kg w, n 2 x 7 ƒ w, 100 mg/kg n 1 1, 2 3, n 3 2 ƒ w x 1 ƒ w. 50 mg/kg n 2 1 w ù 6 w. KM-110 n w 50% ƒ w lethal dose(ld 50 ) 50 mg/ kg 100 mg/kg. wr, FKM-LC FKM- LP 200 mg/kg n ƒƒ 1 3 ƒ w š, 150 mg/kg ƒƒ 1 2 ƒ w. z k LD mg/kg 200 mg/kg ƒ. w w, 6 z l w w (piloeection) x. w x w TNF-α cytokine w (22). w LD 50 ƒ¾ n w x ù, n 3 z y
4 w z y 563 Table 1. Motality in mice administered subcutaneously with KM-110 or FKM-110s Days after treatment Dose (mg/kg) Final mortality KM-110 4/7 7/ KM-LC 2/7 5/7 6/7 6/7 6/7 6 KM-LP 1/7 3/7 4/7 4/7 4/7 4 KM-110 3/7 7/ KM-LC 0/7 2/7 2/7 2/7 2/7 2 KM-LP 0/7 1/7 1/7 1/7 1/7 1 KM-110 1/7 4/7 6/7 6/7 6/ KM-LC 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0 KM-LP 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0 KM-110 0/7 2/7 2/7 2/7 2/ KM-LC 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0 KM-LP 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0 Fig. 2. Comparison on the induction of cytokines from peritoneal macrophage stimulated with mistletoe and fermented mistletoe extracts. Each mistletoe extracts was co-cultured with macrophage for 24 h. The content of cytokines in cultured supernatant was assayed by ELISA. (A) FKM-LC; fermented with Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180, (B) FMK-LP; fermented with Lactobacillus plantanum KCTC KM mg/kg w, FKMs 100 mg/kg w. š cytokine w ƒ w p wš š(10,11,18), z p w (Fig. 1). ³ z š p ³ z w A B chain ù, peptides ë ƒ x w (5,15). in vivo z z ƒ û» t ü, z p w A- B-chain w, cytokine w p x w ƒ. Macrophage l cytokines w y macrophage y y j (3,8,14,16). y y macrophage w ƒ cytokine w sƒ w w w w w s y j w w (8,11,23). ww» y y» v ù, cytokine ƒ w cachexia, autoimmune disorder e septic shock(qx j) j» w (24). sƒ w cytokine t TNF-α IL-1β, p TNF-α w ƒ w cytokine (24,25). x Table 1 w z in vivo z w w» w macrophage l cytokine TNF-α IL-1β e ƒ z mw (Fig. 2). x Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180 ³ z FKM-LP Lactobacillus plan-
5 564 w t wz 41 «5y (2009) Fig. 3. Comparison on the production of KLH-specific antibody between mistletoe and fermented mistletoe extracts. Five Balb/c mice per group were immunized s.c. twice at the interval of 2 weeks with KLH with or with each mistletoe extracts. (A) FKM-LC; fermented with Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180, (B) FMK-LP; fermented with Lactobacillus plantanum KCTC The fermentation time by each Lactobacillus was adjusted to 24, 48, and 72 hr. tarum KCTC 3103 ³ z FKM-LP KM-110 w û cytokine š, wù w z w p» (11,14,16). z cytokine Table 1 z in vivo z w w» ƒ (11,16,24). FKMs-110 s z w y wù w w z w (5,20). x y z w e z mw» w w KLH ƒ z KLH w w mw (Fig. 3)., w w KM µg n» x KM-110 z w w (20)., w KLH y ƒ yww z 7 ¾ l x z, wx KLH w w ƒ ELISA d w. Fig. 3 w ƒ w KLH w z, KLH w w ƒ d w z z KM-110 w z. x w z ³ z w. ³ z Iscador w w, z z z ƒ w z ³ w z ƒ ƒ (5,15). ³ z w p ƒ wš y ùkü p z y p w y w w» w ƒ w w. Fig. 3 p z ƒ y š š (6,10,14,18) wš, z w p w z z KM-110 w y ùkü, z w» w xk(native form) p x p w, y ƒ p w w w (16,26-28). ƒ w y ƒ p w, ƒ ƒ w y p ww w» (26-28). y ùkü p polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, peptides alkaloids š (4,26-28). w polysaccharides y oligosaccharides w š(26,28) š ù, p w y w. ³ z y» t w» w w w w z ³ z y mw p p w t y w ƒ v w ƒ. ³ w g l w j z ƒ w y š š(29-31) m t š w t,» w ³» t ƒ w y». Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180 Lact. plantarum KCTC 3103 z w FKM-110 p w y, z mw. ƒ ³ w KM z k, p z w 53-71% w ùký w. w
6 x w ƒ vw wš LD 50 d w, KM mg/kg ³ z FKM mg/kg z w in ƒ macrphage w cytokine IL-1β TNF-α w, FKM-110 KM-110 w û cytokine ùkþ. ù FKM-110 w KLH w ƒ z w w, KM-110 w n w ƒ w ƒ. ³ z k, in vivo w ù y KM- 110 w. y w p w w w. vivo z w w w»» w. x 1. Bussing A. Mistletoe: A story with an open end. Anticancer Drugs 8: S1-S2 (1997) 2. Rentea R, Lyon E, Hunter R. Biologic properties of iscador: A Viscum album preparation I. Hyperplasia of the thymic cortex and accelerated regeneration of hematopoietic cells following X-irradiation. Lab. Invest. 44: (1981) 3. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Hong EK, Cho YH, Lee SW, Yoo BL, Kim JB. Effect of Korean mistletoe extracts on the induction of IL-1β and TNF-α from mouse macrophages. Korean J. Pharmacogn. 25: (1994) 4. Khwaja TA, Dias CB, Pentecost S. Recent studies on the anticancer activities of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its alkaloids. Oncology 43 (Suppl. 1): (1986) 5. Blocksma N, Dijk HV, Korst P, Willers JM. Cellular and humoral adjuvant activity of mistletoe extract. Immunology 156: (1979) 6. Park WB, Kim HS. Changes of lectin from Viscum coloratum by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum-isolation and purification. Yakhak Hoeji 38: (1994) 7. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Shimazaki KI, Song SK, Lee KH, Kim SH, Park CH, Azuma I, Kim JB. Lectins isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Cancer Lett. 136: (1999) 8. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB. Baek YJ, Huh CS, Song SK, Lee KH, Azuma I, Kim JB. Prophylactic effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumor metastasis is mediated by enhancement of NK cell activity. Int. J. Immunopharmaco. 20: (1998) 9. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Choi OB, Do MS, Kang TB, Lee SW, Azuma I, Kim JB. Inhibitory effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of haematogenous and non-haematogeneous tumor cells in mice. Cancer Lett. 97: (1995) 10. Gabius S, Joshi SS, Kayser K, Gabius HJ. The galactoside-specific lectin from mistletoe as biological response modifier. Int. J. Oncol. 1: (1998) 11. Hajto T, Hostanska K, Rordorf C, Gabius HJ. Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 by human mononuclear cells exposed to β-galactoside lectin from clinically applied mistletoe extract. Cancer Res. 50: (1990) 12. Endo Y, Tsurugi K, Franz H. The site of action of the A-chain of mistletoe lectin I on eucaryotic ribosomes-the RNA N-glycosidase w z y 565 activity of the protein. FEBS Lett. 231: (1988) 13. Lyu SY, Choi SH, Park WB. Korean mistletoe lectin induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25: (2002) 14. Hajto T, Hostanska K, Gabius HJ. Modulatory potency of the β- galactoside specific lectin from mistletoe extract (Iscador) on the host defense system in vitro, in rabbits and patients. Cancer Res. 49: (1989) 15. Gilles RG, Jung ML, Dominique DS, Beck JP. Comparison of the effects of fermented and unfermented mistletoe preparations on cultured tumor cells. Oncology 43 (suppl. 1): (1986) 16. Hajto T. Immunomodulatory effects of Iscador: A Viscum album preparation. Oncology 43 (suppl. 1): (1986) 17. Holtskog R, Sand K, Olsnes S. Characterization of a toxic lectin in Iscador, a mistletoe preparation with alleged cancerostatic properties. Oncology 45: (1988) 18. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Song SK, Lee KB, Her E, Song KS, Kim JB. Antitumor activity of the Korean mistletoe lectin is attributed to activation of macrophages and NK cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26: (2003) 19. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Kim SH, Kim KS, Kim JB. Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to Korean mistletoe lectin(kml-c) and their characterization. Yakhak Hoeji 45: (2001) 20. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Song SK, Do MS, Kim JB. Immunoadjuvant activitiy of Korean mistletoe extract (Viscum album coloratum) to enhance humoral and cellular immune response. Korean J. Immunol. 21: (1999) 21. Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Lee KH, Kwak JH, Baek YJ, Huh CS, Kim JB. Fermented extracts of Korean mistletoe with Lactobacillus (FKM-110) stimulate macrophage and inhibit tumor metastasis. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31: (1999) 22. Kang TB, Yoon TJ, Kim JB, Song SK, Lee KH, Kwak JH. Preliminary toxocity and general pharmacology of KML-IIU, a purified lectin from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum). Yakhak Hoeji 45: (2001) 23. Andreesen R, Scheibenbogen C, Brugger W, Krause S, Meerpohl HG, Leser HG, Engler H, Lohr GW. Adoptive transfer of tumor cytotoxic macrophages generated in vitro from circulating monocytes: A new approach to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 50: (1990) 24. Hawiger J. Innate immunity and inflammation: A transcriptional paradigm. Immunol. Res. 23: (2001) 25. Sato K, Yoo YC, Fukushima A, Saiki I, Takahashi TA, Fujihara M, Tono-Oka S, Azuma I. A novel synthetic lipid A analog with low endotoxicity, DT-5461, prevents lethal endotoxemia. Infect. Immun. 63: (1995) 26. Mueller EA, Hamprecht K, Anderer FA. Biochemical characterization of a component in extracts of Viscum album enhancing human NK cytotoxicity. Immunopharmacology 17: (1989) 27. Kang TB, Chae DJ, Chang SH, Mun SH, Kim JB, Her E. The effect of Korean mistletoe extract M11C (non-lectin components) on TNF-a release and expression from macrophage. Korean J. Immunol. 22: (2000) 28. ZarkoviN, Kalisnik T, LoncariI, BoroviS, Mang S, Kissel D, Konitzer M, Jurin M, Grainza S. Comparison of the effects of Viscum album lectin ML-1 and fresh plant extract (Isorel) on the cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity of melanoma B16F10. Cancer Biother. Radio. 13: (1998) 29. Singh J, Rivenson A, Tomita M, Shimamura S, Ishibashi, N. Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing intestinal bacterium inhibits colon cancer and modulates the intermediate biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 18: (1997) 30. Kim Y, Lee D, Kim D, Cho J, Yang J, Chung M, Kim K, Ha N. Inhibition of proliferation in colon cancer cell lines and harmful enzyme activity of colon bacteria by Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212. Arch. Pharm. Res. 31: (2008) 31. Ataie-Jafari A, Larijani B, Alavi-Majd H, Tahbaz F. Cholesterollowering effect of probiotic yogurt in comparison with ordinary yogurt in mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 54: (2009)
10(3)-09.fm
w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½
16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and
10(3)-12.fm
w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed
14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
10(3)-10.fm
w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction
untitled
3. 농업환경연구과 과제구분 기본연구 수행시기 전반기 연구과제 및 세부과제 수행 기간 소 속 책임자 농가에 적합한 부식성곤충 대량 사육기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 1) 부식성 곤충 먹이 제조 기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 색인용어 부식성곤충, 장수풍뎅이, 계통, 먹이제조 ABSTRACT In first check,
< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>
¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :
10(3)-02.fm
w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the
50(1)-09.fm
2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions
untitled
ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective
605.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **
9(3)-4(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young
19(1) 02.fm
Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor
012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
17.393~400(11-033).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric
82-01.fm
w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong
07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 45-51 f m s p» w Á xá zá Ÿ Á w m œw Image Retrieval Based on Gray Scale Histogram Refinement and Horizontal Edge Features Sang-Uk Shin,
416.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU
fm
[ ] w wz DOI: 10.3740/MRSK.2009.19.12.692 Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No. 12 (2009) y INCONEL 718w Gas Tungsten Arc Welding» p sƒ ½»y Á *Á *Á y** ( ) d lj p wœq, *w wœ» q **( ) d lj p t Mechanical Properties
304.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun
49(6)-06.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum
Lumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
MHC T cell Receptor Antigen Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell CD28 B7 Activation (proliferation Cytokine production Cytotoxicity) Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell Dormant State
82.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon
untitled
[ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings
69-1(p.1-27).fm
99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,
386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
10(1)-08.fm
w y wz 10«( 1y) 47~52, 2007 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis œ w t y ½ xá Á x Á½ Á x* Ÿ œ, * w œw Optimization of Coagulation In The Conventional Water Treatment Plant Jun-Hyun Kim,
12(2)-04.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage
16(2)-7(p ).fm
w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare
Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm
w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,
10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
50(5)-07.fm
Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction
이 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업 과제고유번호 KGM2420913 부처명 교육과학기술부 연구관리전문기관 연구사업명 전북분원운영사업 연구과제명 저탄소 녹생성장을 위한 바이오매스/에너지 개발 주관기관 한국생명공학연구원 연구기간 2009년 01월 01일 ~ 2009년 12월
(19) 대한민국특허청(KR) (12) 등록특허공보(B1) (45) 공고일자 2015년04월10일 (11) 등록번호 10-1509796 (24) 등록일자 2015년04월01일 (51) 국제특허분류(Int. Cl.) A61K 36/45 (2006.01) A23L 1/30 (2006.01) A61P 3/04 (2006.01) (21) 출원번호 10-2009-0108173
12(3) 10.fm
KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure
14(4) 09.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution
fm
J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(1), 53 57 (2005) Ÿ w y, w s z w Á½ xá Á Á yá v w t œw Antioxidative, Antimutagenic and Cytotoxic Effects of the Mineral Water Seung-shi Ham, Soo-hyun Kim, Seon-young Moon, Mi-Sun Jeon,
11(5)-12(09-10)p fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.799-807(2009) w w * k ƒm w pg p w, ƒm w q w A Qualitative Research on Pursuing Image and Appearance Management Behavior of Brides Eun-Joo Bae
항체 포털 서비스 Preparation Peptide 총 4주 소요 / 473,000 ~ 511,000 Free of charge 2~3 days 243,000 ~ 281,000 의뢰서 작성 Peptide epitope prediction 유전자 정보
Preparation Service AbFrontier Custom service 장점 실험 담당자와의 원활한 1:1 커뮤니케이션 (신속한 feedback을 통한 맞춤형 제작 서비스) 고객연구센터 - 개별 서비스의 진행 상황 및 결과 즉시 확인 http://center.abfrontier.com (e-mail & SMS 전송) 회원제 -연구자의 프로젝트 보안
14.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center
8.fm
wz (2009), 39 «2y J. Kor. Pharm. Sci., Vol. 39, No. 2, 127-131 (2009) t y»» w»» w s sƒ ½x»Á½ ká w 1 Á x 1 Á½ 1 Á½ 2 Áx 2 Á û w w w, 1 t t»»», 2 û w œ w (2009 3 25 Á2009 3 31 Á2009 4 1 ) Cytotoxicity Evaluation
21(1)-5(10-57)p fm
w wz 21«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 21, No. 1. 2011 m w : w w B Á ³ C B û w w w C û w w w (2010 12 3 Á2011 3 21 Á2011 3 22 ) A Descriptive Research on Drug Use Pattern of Narcotic Analgesics: a Case
93.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae
09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,
제 출 문 경상북도 경산시 농업기술센터 귀하 본 보고서를 6차산업수익모델시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 2014 년 11 월 19 일 주관연구기관명 : 영남대학교 총괄연구책임자 : 한 기 동 연 구 원 : 김 상 욱 이 수 형 이 상
6차 산업 수익모델 시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 최 종 보 고 서 영남대학교 식품공학과 연구책임자 : 한 기 동 제 출 문 경상북도 경산시 농업기술센터 귀하 본 보고서를 6차산업수익모델시범사업 농산물가공품개발 연구용역 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 2014 년 11 월 19 일 주관연구기관명 : 영남대학교 총괄연구책임자 : 한 기 동 연 구 원 : 김
12(4) 10.fm
KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 4, December, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) l x CNG» v m s w ½ Á y w» œw (2008 9 30, 2008 12 10, 2008 12 10 k) Numerical Analysis for Temperature Distribution and Thermal
41.4(8) fm
KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 399~404 (2009) The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology Bacillus subtilis Lactobacillus plantarum yw t e w Á û * œ w tœw Effect of the Mixed Culture
(2)-02(최경자).fm
Res. Plant Dis. 16(2) : 148-152 (2010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology z w t w sƒ Á½ Á Á yá * w yw yw l Development of Effective Screening Method and Evaluation of Radish
16(5)-06(58).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.336 y-y w Sm-Fe w ƒ w zá *Á w»» The Effect of Excess Samarium Oxide on the PreparationG of Sm-Fe Alloy Powder by Reduction-diffusion
Kaes010.hwp
갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,
패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer
READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz
fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 079~086, February, 2012 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2012.24.1.079 섬유보강콘크리트에묻힌 GFRP 보강근의부착거동에대한섬유영향평가 1) Á½ 1) Á 2) Á 1) * 1) ³ w y lœw
γ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>
kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t
32(4B)-04(7455).fm
32«4ByÁ 2012 7 pp. 233 ~ 242 œ w w w y œ r Estimation of Domestic Water Supply Benefit Using Demand Function Approach ³ Á Á½¼yÁ Yeo, Kyu DongÁYi, Choong SungÁKim, Gil HoÁLee, Sang Won Abstract In the past,
57.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 336~344, 2008. Rheological Properties of Cement Paste Blended Blast Furnace Slag or Fly Ash Powder Jong Taek Song, Hyo Sang Park, Seung Ho Byun,
Microsoft Word - KSR2012A038.doc
YWXY º º t rzyywxyhwz_ º zƒ A Study on the Relation of Railroad System and Energy Saving ö ä ø ã ä ãã In Moon, Han-Min Lee *, Jong-Eun Ha * * Abstract Now the world, such as the impact of fossil energy
03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
09-감마선(dh)
Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected
(....).hwp
sugar cane 계분 (%) a ATCC : American type Culture Collection, b IFO : Institute for fermentation, osaka, c MPNU : Mycological lab. Pusan National University d Mycelial
( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
43(2)-10(단보)023(p ).fm
The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 2, June 2007, p. 142-146 Copyright 2007, The Microbiological Society of Korea Ginsenoside y ƒ w z ½ ³Á½» Á * w w w œw l (Panax ginseng) z w x š. ù, w š
04-46(1)-06(조현태).fm
w œwz, 46«1y 2009 Textile Science and Engineering Vol. 46, No. 1, 2009 ù 2'6 wx xk Á «w œ w» Áq œw k 1PG $CVJ1PG 5VGR &[GKPI H 0[NP2'6 5RNKV 6[RG /KETHKDGT *[GP 6CG %J CPF%JWN-YP2CTM &GRCTVOGPV H 1TICPKE
42-2(17) fm
KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 233~239 (2010) The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology œ ù w y w xá«á Á Á «2 Á 2 Á½ Á Á x 1, * w œw, 1 w œw, 2 Comparison of Anticancer Activities
16(4)-05.fm
w m y Vol. 16(4), p. 53~61, 2011 œ 광물찌꺼기에함유된오염물질의안정화를위한표면차폐재의성능평가 ½ ³ 1 Á 1 *Á½ 2 Á½ 2 Á 3 Á 3 1 w œ w œw, 2 ( ) f lp, 3 w Ÿw œ Ÿw» Evaluation of Surface Water-preventing Materials on Stabilization of
( )-83.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,
07.051~058(345).fm
w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development
<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
3.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha
14(2) 02.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System
8(2)-4(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
fm
J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(4), 253 257 (2005) ü w w w Áy»xÁ Á Á Á«Á Áw Á x Á yx Á½ Á½ Á½ t t» t t ƒ q Study on Management of Artificial Flavors in Korea Tal-Soo Lee, Young-Mi Jang, Ki-Hyoung Hong, Sung-Kwan
°ø±â¾Ð±â±â
20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7
23(2) 71.fm
J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. [ ] Vol. 23, No. 2, 2009 w w w w w w Stud on the Fire Behaviour of Composite Beam with Loading and Unloading ½ *Á û**á½ ***Á½ Sung-Bae Kim* Chang-Nam Lee** Woo-Chul
황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
Can032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
51(2)-09.fm
2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea xw yw w w» e w z Á Á y Áw # Á k * w yw w w w w w # w w w (2006. 10. 30 ) Influences of Current Education Programs for Preservice Chemistry Teachers
83-07.fm
w y wz 8«( 3y) 137~142, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis sw n w Polychlorinated Biphenyls»y Áwx Á yá w w yw Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Pohang and Gangseo, Busan
14(4)-14(심고문2).fm
w» wz, 14«4y(2012) (ISSN 1229-5671) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 14, No. 4, (2012), pp. 260~264 DOI: 10.5532/KJAFM.2012.14.4.260 Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
31(3B)-07(7055).fm
ª Œª Œ 31ƒ 3B Á 2011 5œ pp. 265 ~ 276 ª w w s³ The Correlation Between the Moving Average of Precipitation and Groundwater Level in Korea Á½û» Yang, Jeong-SeokÁKim, Nam-Ki Abstract Precipitation data and
페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16
야간뇨의진단과치료 - 실제적접근 - Reference 1. Choo MS, Ku JH, Park CH et al. Prevalence of Nocturia in a Korean Population Aged 40 to 89 Years. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:60-64. 2. Weiss JP. Prevalence
16(5)-03(56).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (I) I. ƒ wy y Á xá½ Á½ *Á½{ a w œw, a w» gœ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process
50(6)-09.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 6, Vol. 5, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea w Polyacrylamide y ½ û * w yw (6. 9. 1 Thixotropic Properties of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Various Synthetic
40.5(16) fm
KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 574~579 (2008) The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology v s z v s ƒ BALB/c mice y e w ½ Á«x Á½ yá y 1 Á 1 Á x 2 Á½ * w w t z sƒ» l, 1 w v s, 2
fm
w y wz 9«( 1y) 34~40, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis V/ w y Áy yá váy * w» ( )», *» w y œw Simultaneus Remval f Dixin and Nitrgen Oxide n V/ Catalyst Jun-Yub Lee, Sung-H Hng, Sung-Pill
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words
<30312D303720B9DAC1A4BCF62E666D>
wz (010), 40«1y J. Kor. Pharm. Sci., Vol. 40, No. 1, 1-7 (010) 생물학적동등성시험을위한통계처리프로그램 (BioEquiv) 의개발 z 1 Áyù Á 3 Á 4 Á 1 1 û w m w, w wx, 3 û w w w, 4 û w w w (009 11 0 Á09 1 11 Á010 1 6 ) Developmet of
<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D>
균류의다양성과역할 이향범 û w œw 머리말 k w š ³ q š yw < Ð >» w ww k w w v š q w Á Á w tyw š 2QKPVKPI CPF *[FG ú ƒ x %QPXGPVKQP QP $KQNQIKECN &KXGTUKV[ %$&» w w ««wš y w» š x ƒ w œ ƒ» ƒ œsw w ³ wš ù š y š ƒ t š ƒ wš»ƒ
( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
J. Ginseng Res. Vol. 30, No., 8-87 (006) y r w z yᜠÁÁ½Á *ÁÁ # w t gw tw (006 6 7, 006 6 0 ) Comparison of Phenolic Compounds Contents between White and Red ginseng and Their Inhibitory Effect on Melanin
26(3D)-17.fm
26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. ~ ª y w qp yw k d Predictive Equation of Dynamic Modulus for Hot Mix Asphalt with Granite Aggregates yá½x Á Lee, Kwan-HoÁKim, Hyun-OÁJang, Min-Seok Abstract The presented work provided