DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
|
|
- 효영 변
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 31(1): (2016) ISSN / eissn 연구논문 돌연변이 p53 단백질의 Silencing 에의한사람유방암세포의 in vivo 항종양효과 박원익 1, 박세라 1, 박현주 1, 배윤희 1, 유현수 1, 장혜옥 1, 배문경 2, 배수경 1 * Silencing of Mutant p53 Leads to Suppression of Human Breast Xenograft Tumor Growth in vivo Won Ick Park 1, Se-Ra Park 1, Hyun-Joo Park 1, Yun-Hee Bae 1, Hyun Su Ryu 1, Hye-Ock Jang 1, Moon-Kyoung Bae 2, and Soo-Kyung Bae 1 * Received: 18 January 2016 / Revised: 19 February 2016 / Accepted: 28 February The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1 부산대학교치의학전문대학원치과약리학교실 1 Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea Tel: , Fax: ; skbae@pusan.ac.kr 2 부산대학교치의학전문대학원구강생리학교실 2 Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea Abstract: Mutant p53 (R280K) is highly expressed in MDA- MB-231 triple-negative human breast cancer cells. Currently, we reported the role of mutant p53-r280k in mediating the survival of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. The present study was undertaken to determine whether mutant p53-r280k affects breast cancer cell growth in vivo. To this end, we used small interfering RNA to knockdown the level of mutant p53- R280K in MDA-MB-231 cells. Silencing of mutant p53- R280K in MDA-MB-231 cells causes substantial tumor regression of established xenografts in vivo. In xenograft model for breast cancer, silencing of mutant p53-r280k in MDA- MB-231 cells significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Moreover, TUNEL assay showed more occurrence of apoptotic cells in mutant p53-r280k silenced tumors compared to control. Our data indicate that mutant p53-r280k has an important role in mediating tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Taken together, this study suggests that endogenous mutant p53-r280k could be used as a therapeutic target for breast cancer cells harboring this TP53 missense mutation. Keywords: Mutant p53, Breast cancer, Apoptosis, Xenograft tumor model 1. INTRODUCTION TP53 은 p53 단백질의유전정보를암호화하고있는암억제유전자이다. 전사인자로잘알려져있는 p53 단백질은 DNA 손상, 저산소, 그리고암유전자발현등과같은세포손상유발원에의해활성화되며타깃유전자들의전사를증가시킴으로써 DNA 수선, 세포성장지연, 손상세포의세포자멸사 (apoptosis) 유발등의과정을통해종양발생을억제하는데기여한다 [1-3]. TP53 유전자는사람암종의 50 % 이상에서돌연변이가관찰되며이러한돌연변이로인해야생형 (wild type) p53 단백질은암을억제하는고유기능을잃거나우성음성 (dominant negative) 활성을나타내는것으로알려져있다 [1-5]. 또한발암기능 - 획득 (oncogenic gain-of-function) 활성을새롭게가지게된 p53 돌연변이단백질들은 DNA 손상후나타나는세포주기억류 (cell cycle arrest) 와세포자멸사를방해함으로써결국암세포생존율의증가와종양발생을초래하게된다 [6,7]. p53 돌연변이단백질중에 p53-r280t 는 5637 방광암세포주의세포생존을증가시키며 sirna 를이용한실험에서암
2 돌연변이 p53 단백질의 Silencing 에의한사람유방암세포의 in vivo 항종양효과 53 세포내 p53-r280t의발현양을감소시켰을때항암제인 cisplatin에대한민감도가증가한다고알려져있다 [8]. 또다른 p53 돌연변이단백질인 p53-l194f는유방암세포주인 T47D의생존조절에관여하며 p53-r273h는유방암세포주 MDA-MB-468의생존조절을매개한다고발표되었다 [9]. 이러한연구결과들은 p53 돌연변이단백질에의한암세포의세포자멸사억제에관한실험적증거가되며향후이들 p53 돌연변이단백질을타깃으로한항암치료제개발에응용가능할것으로여겨진다. 트리플-음성유방암 (triple-negative breast cancers, TNBC: negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression) 은초기진단이어렵고높은전이능을가진악성종양으로알려져있다 [10]. 따라서이러한특징을가진유방암세포의증식과생존에영향을미치는인자나유전자에대한연구는매우중요하며현재활발히진행중이다. 정상 p53 단백질의코돈 280번자리가아르기닌에서리신으로치환된 p53-r280k은트리플-음성유방암세포인 MDA-MB-231에서발견되는 p53 돌연변이단백질이다 [10-12]. 본연구진은최근 p53-r280k의 MDA-MB-231 생존조절기능에대한 in vitro 연구결과를보고하였다 [11,12]. 하지만지금까지 MDA-MB-231의 in vivo 종양성장에미치는 p53- R280K의효과에관한연구는발표된바없다. 따라서본연구에서는 p53-r280k의 in vivo 효과를확인하기위해 sirna 실험기법과 MDA-MB-231을누드생쥐에이식하여종양의성장을연구하는이종이식모델 (human tumor xenograft models) 을이용하여실험을진행하였으며, 향후트리플-음성유방암에대한유전자치료타깃으로서 p53-r280k의활용가능성을탐색하고자한다. 2. MATERIALS AND METHOD 2.1. 실험재료 Mouse monoclonal anti-p53 과 anti-β-actin 항체는 Calbiochem (San Diego, CA) 과 Abcam (Cambridge, MA) 에서각각구입하였다. Rabbit polyclonal anti-cleaved Notch1 (c-notch1) 항체는 Milipore (Billerica, MA) 에서구입하였다. Rabbit polyclonal anti-parp, Bcl-2, p21, Cyclin D1 그리고 mouse monoclonal anti-caspase-3 항체들은 Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) 에서구입하였다. Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG 와 Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated anti-mouse IgG 는 Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR) 에서구입하였다. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG 와 goat anti-mouse IgG 는 Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) 에서구입하였다 세포배양인간유방암세포인 MDA-MB-231 세포는 American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) 에서분양받았다. 열처리로불활성화시킨 10% 우태아혈청 (fetal bovine serum, FBS, GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY) 과 1% 항생제가포함된 Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM: GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY) 을사용하였고, 37 o C로유지되는 5% 의 CO 2 배양기를사용하여배양하였다 Transient transfection of small interfering (si)rna 실험에사용된 p53-r280k의 double-strand sirna oligonucleotides (5'-GACUCCAGUGGUAAUCUACTT-3' and 5'-GU AGAUUACCACUGGAGUCTT-3') 와 negative-control sirna 는 Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea) 에서구입하였다. Oligofectamine (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) 을사용하여 200 nm의 sirna를 MDA-MB-231 세포에형질주입시켰다 RNA 분리및역전사중합효소연쇄반응 (RT-PCR) MDA-MB-231 세포로부터 total RNA 의분리는 TRIzol reagent kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) 를사용하여진행하였고, cdna 는 2 μg 의 total RNA 를사용하여역전사반응키트 (reverse transcription kit- Promega, Madison, WI) 로합성하였다. PCR 에사용된 oligonucleotide primers 는다음과같다. β-actin; Forward-5'-GACTACCTCATGAAGATC-3, Reverse-5-GATCCACATCTGCTG GAA-3' p53; Forward- 5'-GGC CCACTTCACCGTACTAA-3, Reverse-5'-GTGGTTTCA AGG CCAGATGT-3' 2.5. Western blot analysis MDA-MB-231 세포와동결보관된종양조직으로부터의단백질분리는 lysis buffer (40 mm Tris-Cl, 10 mm EDTA, 120 mm NaCl and 0.1% NP-40 with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, St Louis, MO)) 를사용하여진행하였다. 분리된단백질 (30 μg/lane) 은 SDS/PAGE에서전기영동후 nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) 으로이동시켰다. 그리고 5% skim milk에 blocking을하였고 0.1% tween-20이들어있는 PBS에 1차항체와 2차항체를순차적으로처리하여적당한시간동안반응시킨후 enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) 용액을사용하여암실에서 X-ray 필름에감광시켜특정단백질양을분석하였다 이종이식종양형성 (Tumor xenograft growth) 모든동물실험은동물보호를위한제도적지침과미국국립보건연구소 (NIH publication No revised 1996) 에서출판된실험동물의사용설명서에따라실시하였다. 그리고동물보호기관과국립부산대학교위원회승인을받았다. 6 주된수컷 BALB/c 누드생쥐는 Orient Bio Inc. (Sungnam, Korea) 에서구입하였다. 실험에는 p53 sirna 또는 control sirna 를형질주입한 개의 MDA-MB-231 세포를사용하였고생쥐의왼쪽측면에이들세포를피하주사하였다. 모든생쥐들은병원체가없는환경에서유지하였고종양이자라는것을주기적으로관찰하였다. 이종이식으로형성된 MDA-MB-231
3 54 Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 31(1): (2016) 세포의종양부피와생쥐의무게는 30 일동안 5 일간격으로측정하였다. 종양의부피는 (length width 2 )/2 로계산하였다 조직학적분석파라핀처리된조직의절편은 4 μm 두께로잘라주고 hematoxylin 과 eosin (H&E) 으로염색한뒤 Nikon Eclipse 55i 현미경으로분석하였다. 면역조직화학법으로염색하기위해조직절편을 -20 o C 에서 20 분동안아세톤에고정시켰다. 그리고 5% goat serum 과 0.1% Triton X-100 이들어있는 PBS 에 60 분간 blocking 하였다. 그런다음 1% goat serum 과 0.1% Triton X-100 이들어있는 PBS 에 mouse monoclonal anti-p53 항체 (1:300) 와 rabbit polyclonal anti-c-notch1 항체 (1:200) 를첨가하여반응시킨다. 이항체들을확인하기위해 Alexa Fluor 594- conjugated anti-mouse IgG (1:400) 과 Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:400) 을사용하였고, 면역형광염색은 Carl Zeiss Axio imager M2 형광현미경으로확인하였다 Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay 세포자멸사측정을위한실험은제조사의지침에따라서 DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System (Promega, Madison, Fig. 1. Effects of sirna on p53 expression. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with control sirna or with p53 sirna for 48 h. (A) The mrna levels of human p53 and b-actin were detected by RT-PCR analysis; representative RT-PCR. (B) The protein levels of human p53 and β-actin were detected by Western blot analysis; representative Western blot. Fig. 2. Effects of p53 silencing on tumor growth in vivo. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with control sirna or p53 sirna and then subcutaneously injected in the flank of 6-week-old male athymic nude mice (n=5 in each treatment group). After 30 days, the tumor masses were removed, photographed, and used for preparation of paraffin-embedded sections. (A) Images of representative animals with solid tumor and tumor masses. The tumor volume (B) and body weight (C) of mice were measured. *p<0.05 vs. control sirna.
4 돌연변이 p53 단백질의 Silencing 에의한사람유방암세포의 in vivo 항종양효과 55 WI) 으로확인하였다. OCT 처리된조직의절편을 4 μm 두께로잘라주고 4 o C 에서 25 분동안 4% 파라포름알데하이드 (paraformaldehyde) 에서고정시켰다. 그런다음실온에서 5 분간 0.2% Triton X-100 으로반응시킨다. DNA 3'- 말단효소에 TdTmediated dutp nick end labeling (TUNEL) 혼합물을 37 o C humidified chamber 에서 60 분동안반응시킨다. 라벨링된 DNA 조각 (Labeled DNA fragment) 은형광현미경 (Nikon, Instech Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan) 으로확인하였다 통계처리본실험에대한실험결과는세번실험하여얻어진평균치및표준편차를나타내었고그룹간의통계적차이는 Student s t- test 를이용하여분석하였다. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. sirna 에의한세포내 p53-r280k 발현감소본연구진은최근 p53-r280k 의유방암세포증식에미치는 in vitro 실험결과를발표 [11,12] 한바있으며이를토대로본연구에서는 in vivo 종양성장에미치는 p53-r280k 의영향에대해조사하고자한다. 먼저 sirna 를사용하여 MDA-MB- 231 세포내 p53-r280k 의발현양을조절하였으며이에대한확인은 RT-PCR 과 western blot 분석을통해진행되었다. 그결과, control sirna 로형질주입된대조군에비해 p53 sirna 로형질주입된 MDA-MB-231 세포내 p53-r280k 의 mrna (Fig. 1A) 와단백질 (Fig. 1B) 의발현양이현저히감소되어있음을확인할수있었다. 본연구를통해확립한 p53-silencing MDA-MB-231 세포는 in vivo 종양성장에미치는 p53-r280k 의작용에관한다음의연구에사용되었다 p53 silencing 이 in vivo 종양형성에미치는효과 p53-r280k 단백질발현양의감소가 in vivo 에서 MDA-MB- 231 유방암세포의성장에어떠한영향을미치는지를조사하기위하여이종이식생쥐모델을사용하였다. 가슴샘이제거된누드생쥐측면의표피와진피사이에 p53-silencing MDA-MB-231 세포를주입한뒤 30 일동안 5 일간격으로종양의부피와생쥐의몸무게를측정하였고주입후 30 일째되는날에종양을분리해내었다. 종양의크기 (Fig. 2A) 와날짜별부피 (Fig. 2B) 는대조군에비해 p53-silencing MDA-MB- 231 세포를주입한종양의경우에서현저한감소를보였다. 반면, 생쥐의무게 (Fig. 2C) 는두그룹에서차이를나타내지않았다. 이러한연구결과를통해 in vivo 에서 p53-silencing MDA-MB-231 세포의종양형성능이대조군에비해저하된것을알수있다 p53-silencing 종양내 p53 과 Notch1 의발현 MDA-MB-231 세포를생쥐에이종이식하여자라난종양을분리해내어조직학적분석을진행하였다. 조직내세포의분 포와밀도를확인하기위하여헤마톡실린과에오진염색을실시하였고그결과, p53-silencing MDA-MB-231 세포를이식하여생겨난종양 (p53-silencing 종양 ) 에서는대조군에비해세포밀도가낮게나타났다 (Fig. 3A). 종양내 p53-r280k 단백질의발현정도를조사하기위하여면역조직화학법으로형광염색을한결과, p53-silencing 종양조직에서 p53 단백질의발현이대조군에비해낮음을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 3B). 최근본연구진은전사인자로작용하는 p53-r280k 단백질의하류타깃유전자중하나로 Notch1 을새롭게동정하여발표한바있다 [11]. 따라서본연구에서는 p53-r280k 와 Notch1 간의상관성이 in vivo 에서도나타나는지를조사하기위하여 Notch1 단백질의발현정도를관찰하였다. 그결과, p53-r280k 의발현이낮게나온종양조직에서는 Notch1 의발현도함께급격히감소함을확인하였다 (Fig. 3C). DAPI 로염색하였을때조직내세포의전체분포도는대조군과 p53 silencing 종양간에큰차이가없었고 DAPI- 양성세포에서 p53-r280k 단백질과 Notch1 단백질이발현되고있었다 (Fig. 3D). 이러한연구결과를바탕으로볼때, p53 silencing 은 in vitro 에서뿐만아니라 in vivo 에서도유방암세포의증 Fig. 3. Effects of p53 silencing on Notch1 expression in human breast xenograft tumor. MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with control sirna or p53 sirna were subcutaneously injected in the flank of athymic nude mice (n=5 in each treatment group). The tumor tissue was removed from mice at 30 days and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections from xenograft tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or immunostained with antibodies against p53 or Notch1. DAPI (blue) stains nuclear DNA. Scale bar: 100 mm.
5 56 Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 31(1): (2016) 식에영향을미치며이는일부 Notch1 의발현을억제함으로써항종양효과를나타내는것으로사료된다 p53 silencing 이 in vivo 종양내세포자멸사유발에미치는효과 p53 sirna-silencing MDA-MB-231 세포의 in vitro 증식억제는세포자멸사와관련이있다는이전의연구결과 [11,12] 를바탕으로하여 p53-silencing 종양조직에서세포자멸사발생정도를확인하고자 TUNEL 분석을실시하였다. 그결과, 대조군에비해 p53 silencing 종양조직에서더많은수의 TUNEL- 양성세포가관찰되었다 (Fig. 4A, 4B). 세포자멸사의분자생물학적검증을위하여종양조직내세포자멸사관련단백질들의발현양을 western blot 으로분석한결과, 대조군에비해 p53 silencing 종양조직에서는세포자멸사억제와세포증식에관여하는 Bcl2 와 Cyclin D1 의발현양이감소하 였고 p21 의경우엔서로간에큰차이가없음을관찰하였다. 반면, 세포자멸사발생여부를확인할수있는마커로사용되는 PARP 와 Caspase-3 의활성화정도가크게증가한것을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 4C). 이러한연구결과들은 p53 silencing 에의해세포자멸사가유도되고이로인해 in vivo 에서종양형성이감소되었음을시사해준다. 4. CONCLUSION 본연구를통해트리플 - 음성유방암세포주인 MDA-MB-231 에서다량발현되고있는 p53 돌연변이단백질인 p53-r280k 은 MDA-MB-231 세포의 in vivo 종양형성에중요함을확인하였다. sirna 를이용한유전자 silencing 방법을통해 MDA- MB-231 세포내 R280K 발현양을인위적으로감소시킨 p53- Fig. 4. Effects of p53 silencing on cellular apoptosis in human breast xenograft tumor. MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with control sirna or p53 sirna were subcutaneously injected in the flank of athymic nude mice (n=5 in each treatment group). After 30 days, the tumor masses were removed, and embedded in OCT compound or used for preparation of total protein extraction. (A and B) Apoptotic cells of tissue sections from xenograft tumors were detected by the TUNEL assay. The stained cells (green) were counted, and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. DAPI (blue) stains nuclear DNA. Scale bar: 50 mm. **p<0.001 vs. control sirna, n=3. (C) Western blot analysis for detecting Bcl-2, Caspase 3, PARP, Cyclin D1, p21, and b-actin protein levels in the xenograft tumor.
6 돌연변이 p53 단백질의 Silencing 에의한사람유방암세포의 in vivo 항종양효과 57 silencing MDA-MB-231 세포를확립하여누드생쥐에이종이식한뒤종양형성을관찰한결과, 대조군과비교시종양의크기와부피면에서큰감소를나타냈다. 이종이식으로형성된종양조직에서 p53-r280k 과 p53-r280k 의타깃유전자로작용하는 Notch1 의발현을조사하였고그결과, p53-silencing 종양조직에서 p53-r280k 단백질발현양이감소하였으며동일조직에서 Notch1 단백질의발현양도현저히감소해있음을확인할수있었다. 또한 TUNEL 에세이를통해대조군에비해 p53-silencing 종양조직내에서세포자멸사가더많이발생하였음을관찰하였고 western blot 을통해 PARP 와 caspase-3 등세포자멸사관련단백질들의발현양이증가하였음을확인하였다. 따라서본연구결과들을종합해볼때향후트리플 - 음성유방암치료를위한새로운유전자치료법이나항암제개발에 p53 돌연변이단백질인 p53-r280k 과 Notch1 을타깃으로하는접근이유효할것으로판단된다. Acknowledgements 이논문은부산대학교기본연구지원사업 (2 년 ) 에의하여연구되었음. REFERENCES 1. Selivanova, G. (2004) P53: Fighting Cancer. Curr. Cancer. Drug Targets 4: Horn, H. F. and K. H. Vousden (2007) Coping with stress: multiple ways to activate p53. Oncogene. 26: Molchadsky, A., N. Rivlin, R. Brosh, V. Rotter, and R. Sarig (2010) P53 is balancing development, differentiation and de-differentiation to assure cancer prevention. Carcinogenesis. 31: Brosh, R. and V. Rotter (2009) When mutants gain new powers: news from the mutant p53 field. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 9: Walerych, D., M. Napoli, L. Collavin, and G. Del-Sal (2012) The rebel angel: mutant p53 as the driving oncogene in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 33: Wijnhoven, S. W., E. N. Speksnijder, X. Liu, E. Zwart, C. T. van Oostrom, R. B. Beems, E. M. Hoogervorst, M. M. Schaap, L. D. Attardi, T. Jacks, H. van Steeg, J. Jonkers, and A. devries (2007) Dominant-negative but not gain-of-function effects of a p53.r270h mutation in mouse epithelium tissue after DNA damage. Cancer Res. 67: Mehta, S. A., K. W. Christopherson, P. Bhat-Nakshatri, J. R. Goulet-RJ, H. E. Broxmeyer, L. Kopelovich, and H. Nakshatri (2007) Negative regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by tumor suppressor p53 in breast cancer cells: implications of p53 mutation or isoform expression on breast cancer cell invasion. Oncogene. 26: Zhu, H. B., K. Yang, Y. Q. Xie, Y. W. Lin, Q. Q. Mao, and L. P. Xie (2013) Silencing of mutant p53 by sirna induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. World J. Surg. Oncol. 28: Lim, L. Y., N. Vidnovic, L. W. Ellisen, and C. O. Leong (2009) Mutant p53 mediates survival of breast cancer cells. Br. J. Cancer. 101: Bayraktar, S. and S. Glück (2013) Molecularly targeted therapies for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 138: Bae, Y. H., J. H. Ryu, H. J. Park, K. R. Kim, H. J. Wee, O. H. Lee, H. O. Jang, M. K. Bae, K. W. Kim, and S. K. Bae (2013) Mutant p53-notch1 signaling axis is involved in curcumin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 17: Bae, Y. H., J. M. Shin, H. J. Park, H. O. Jang, M. K. Bae, and S. K. Bae (2014) Gain-of-function mutant p53-r280k mediates survival of breast cancer cells. Genes & Genomics 36:
Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More informationα α α α α
α α α α α α α α 太陰調胃湯加減方 dbdb 마우스 肝에 대한 아디포사이토카인 및 발현에 미치는 영향 SREBPs 와 섞어서 하고 마커 또한 하여 전기 영동을 하였다 전기영동을 한 후에 에 를 쪼여서 각 를 확인하였다 이 를 프로그램을 이용해 수치화하 여 분석하였다 肝 조직 동결 절편 분리한 조직은 로 시간 동안 고정 시킨 후 에 세척한 후 물기를
More informationKaes010.hwp
갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,
More information2016 학년도약학대학면접문제해설 문제 2 아래의질문에 3-4분이내로답하시오. 표피성장인자수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 는수용체티로신인산화효소군 (receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs) 의일종으로서세
본문제에대한지적소유권은동국대학교에있습니다. 본교의서면허락없이무단으로출판, 게재, 사용할수없습니다. 문제 2 2016 학년도약학대학면접문제 아래의질문에 3-4 분이내로답하시오. 표피성장인자수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 는수용체티로신 인산화효소군 (receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs) 의일종으로서세포의생존과증식
More informationl l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More informationPierce-Plus-Alpha.pdf
Save 40% on antibodies Primary antibody 전제품 40% 할인가로만나보세요 Count on Invitrogen 42,000 antibodies highly validated primary and secondary antibodies in our portfolio and growing 4,500 primary conjugated antibodies
More informationMHC T cell Receptor Antigen Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell CD28 B7 Activation (proliferation Cytokine production Cytotoxicity) Antigen-presenting cell Antigen-reactive T cell Dormant State
More informationJkbcs032.hwp
Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments
More informationMicrosoft PowerPoint - 김미영
암세포의위험한여행 한국과학기술원 김미영 강의개요 전이란무엇인가? 전이는어떤과정을통해진행될까? 전이예측방법은어떤것들이있을까? Cancer ( 악성종양 ) US South Korea 질병사망률질병사망률 1. 심장병 26% 1. Cancer 26.7% 2. Cancer 23% 2. 뇌출혈 12.7% 3. 뇌출혈 5.6% 3. 심장병 7.9% >20,000 환자가악성종양에의해매일사망함
More information5
26 3 (2005 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2005;26(3):55-65 The Effcects of Psoraleae fructus Extract on Melanin Synthesis of B16 Melanoma Cells Jae-Ho Chung, Hyung-Sik Seo Dept. of Ophthamology, Otolaryngology
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More information목차 1. 서론 줄기세포의간세포분화능평가시고려사항 간세포분화능평가시험법 분
세포치료제시험정보집 7 줄기세포치료제의 간세포분화능평가시험 2015. 4. 30. 식품의약품안전평가원 차세대줄기세포기반제제평가연구사업단 목차 1. 서론 --------------------------------------------- 1 2. 줄기세포의간세포분화능평가시고려사항 --------------- 2 3. 간세포분화능평가시험법 -----------------------------
More informationmau A B C Qsepharose051229manual001:1_UV@01,SHFT Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Conc Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Fractions Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Inject Manual run 3:1_UV@01,SHFT Manual run 3:1_Fractions
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information<30322EBABBB9AE2E687770>
대한내과학회지 : 제 79 권부록 2 호 2010 청람연구비결과보고 대장암발생과정에서 Prostaglandin 의조절기전규명및암예방약제의반응성표지자로 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase의역할 울산대학교의과대학내과학교실 명승재 서 론 2. 병리조직학적분석 (Histopathologic analysis) 과제는인체에서대장암병기의각단계에서
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More information04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
More information항체 포털 서비스 Preparation Peptide 총 4주 소요 / 473,000 ~ 511,000 Free of charge 2~3 days 243,000 ~ 281,000 의뢰서 작성 Peptide epitope prediction 유전자 정보
Preparation Service AbFrontier Custom service 장점 실험 담당자와의 원활한 1:1 커뮤니케이션 (신속한 feedback을 통한 맞춤형 제작 서비스) 고객연구센터 - 개별 서비스의 진행 상황 및 결과 즉시 확인 http://center.abfrontier.com (e-mail & SMS 전송) 회원제 -연구자의 프로젝트 보안
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationΔ Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is well established target for cancer treatment and EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors such as gefinitib and elotinib have been developed as anti-cancer drugs.
More informationMicrosoft Word - Genolution RNAi Manual.doc
1 Ⅵ. G-Fectin (transfection reagent) RNAi transfection 전용 reagent. Transfection 전 과정 10분 이내 완료. 24시간 후 gene silencing 확인 가능. 우수한 transfection 효율 낮은 toxicity. sirna와 shrna, mirna에 모두 적용 가능. 가격 : 150,000
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information(01) hwp
Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of
More information<30332D B3E220B1E8C1A4B7E628C0DABFACB0FAC7D0C6ED292DBCF6C1A42E687770>
학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 53 집 1 호 (2014) 31-46 간세포암에서 sorafenib 과 pioglitazone 병합요법의 상승적항암효과 윤정환 * 유수종 * 김정룡 ** 1) Synergistic antitumor efficacy of sorafenib and pioglitazone in hepatocellular carcinoma Jung-Hwan
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )
:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency
More informationApparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor
More informationNo Slide Title
Antioxidant effect of Estrogen on Bovine aortic endothelial cells 가톨릭대학교의과대학서울성모병원산부인과김미란 Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 117 (2009) 74-80 Background Objectives Materials & Methods
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences
More information09-감마선(dh)
Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More information歯 PDF
* * The Effects of Oocyte Oocytes Intracytoplasmic ICSI) Kee TaekHoo Hai * SikChun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook Taegu, *Department of Animal Science, Taegu Kyungbuk,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More information<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>
2012 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 경희대학교의과대학종양혈액내과학교실 백선경 한국인사망원인 평균수명까지생존시암발생확률 길라잡이 : 개정된가이드라인을중심으로 History of anti-cancer chemotherapy Chabner BA & Roberts TG Jr. Nat Rev 2005 Use standard therapies 2012 개원의와함께하는임상강좌
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More informationPowerPoint 프레젠테이션
Apr. 30. 2016. GBCC in JeJu Island Sensitization of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by metabolic regulation InChul Park, Ph. D. Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS)
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More information(Establishment and Management of Proteomics Core Facility)
(Establishment and Management of Proteomics Core Facility) 1 sample running on SDS-PAGE Gel (10well) 163570 10 16357 1D size marker 225500 100 2255 Buffer(20X, 500ml) 119900 20 5995 Staining
More information02-³í´Ü1
Molecular and Cellular Biology News 1 Molecular and Cellular Biology News 4 2010 2 Molecular and Cellular Biology News 3 Molecular and Cellular Biology News 4 2010 4 Molecular and Cellular Biology News
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information10(3)-09.fm
w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information04김호걸(39~50)ok
Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 22, No. 1(2013) pp.39~50 Prediction of Landslides Occurrence Probability under Climate Change using MaxEnt Model Kim, Hogul* Lee, Dong-Kun** Mo, Yongwon*
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information레이아웃 1
대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words
More information한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구
가족계획실천율 가족계획실천자 세 유배우부인 조출생률 년간 총출생아수 연앙인구수 일반출산율 년간 총출생아수 가임연령 여자연앙인구수 합계출산율 세 연령층 여성이 출산한 출생아수 세 연령층 여성의 연앙인구수 즉 합계출산율 합 6 계 출 산 율 5 4 3 2 1 1960 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education
More informationPJTROHMPCJPS.hwp
제 출 문 농림수산식품부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 트위스트 휠 방식 폐비닐 수거기 개발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출 합니다. 2008년 4월 24일 주관연구기관명: 경 북 대 학 교 총괄연구책임자: 김 태 욱 연 구 원: 조 창 래 연 구 원: 배 석 경 연 구 원: 김 승 현 연 구 원: 신 동 호 연 구 원: 유 기 형 위탁연구기관명: 삼 생 공 업 위탁연구책임자:
More informationMicroarray 기초 및 응용
Microarray 기초및분석 이바이오젠 목 차 마이크로어레이기초 정의 / 분류 / 제작기술 / 원리 Gene Expression 실험분석 시료준비 RNA QC 실험분석과정 데이터분석 -2- 바이오칩 & 마이크로어레이 - 정의 1. 유리, 실리콘, 플라스틱등의매체위에생체 분자를집적하여만든것 2. 현재 DNA, 단백질, 화학물질, 유기물질등바 이오소재를집적하여만든
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More informationRhinology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2017;60(5): / pissn / eissn
Rhinology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 217;6(5):222-31 / pissn 292-5859 / eissn 292-6529 https://doi.org/1.3342/kjorl-hns.216.17594 Asian Sand Dust Up-Regulates Expression in Human Upper Airway
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More information09구자용(489~500)
The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal
More information석사논문.PDF
ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS
More informationJournal of Life Science 2011, Vol. 21. No μ μ
Journal of Life Science 2011 Vol. 21. No. 8. 1120~1126 ISSN : 1225-9918 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2011.21.8.1120 μ μ μ α β Journal of Life Science 2011, Vol. 21. No. 8 1121 μ μ 1122 생명과학회지 2011,
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
More information,......
The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of
More informationJkbcs042.hwp
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from Axillary Accessory Breast Tae Wan Kim, Sang Wook Kang, Ji Young Park 2, Seung Sang Ko 1, Min Hee Hur 1, Hae Kyung Lee 1, Sung Soo Kang 1, and Jee Hyun Lee 1 Department
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationProduct Description Apoptosis 혹은 necrosis등에의하여죽거나손상된세포에서방출되는 Lactate dehydrogenase(ldh) 의양을고감도로측정함으로써 cytotoxicity/cytolysis를간단하게측정할수있는 kit 입니다. Cytot
EZ-LDH Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Kit Cat. No. DG-LDH500 DG-LDH1000 FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES. 1 ( 주 ) 대일랩서비스부설두젠생명공학연구소 Product Description Apoptosis 혹은 necrosis등에의하여죽거나손상된세포에서방출되는
More information3Å׸¶(12¿ùÈ£)3053.ok
THEME 바이오 재료 담당위원 : 조종두 교수(인하대) THEME 01 약물전달과 생체 조직공학용 바이오 재료의 소개 및 연구 동향 THEME 02 외부힘과 상체의 각도가 요추 운동학에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(오일러 빔 모델링) THEME 03 박막니티놀 생체재료의 혈액적합성 및 소형혈관계 스텐트 연구 THEME 04 조직공학에 사용되는 세포지지체의 기계적
More information3월 온라인 교육
2013 년 2 분기대리점집체교육 - Protein - Takara Korea Biomedical Protein Workflow Chapter 1: 샘플준비 Chapter 2: Electrophoresis -Precast gel (Lonza/NuSep) -ProSieve EX running buffer -Protein marker Chapter 3: Staining
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationABSTRACT Development of statistical method to modeling tooth healthspan curves in Korean Jung Hoi In Department of Dentistry The Graduate School, Yonsei University Development of statistical method to
More information구강암에서 p53, p21, Bax 단백의 발현양상 및 예후와의 연관성 요구되고 있다.5) 이미 Apolinario 등1)과 Lee 등2)은 면역 (Calbio, England)를 1 20으로, bax에 대한 일차항체로 조직화학적으로 단백발현된 양상과 생존률과의 비교연
KISEP Head and Neck Korean J Otolaryngol 2000;43:523-7 구강편평세포암에서 p53, p21, Bax 단백의면역조직화학적발현양상및예후적의의 김상현 황동조 김정수 문준환 노호상 The Expression Pattern and the Prognostic Value of p53, p21, and Bax Proteins in
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More informationBenchtop Flow Cytometry guava easycyte Systems 머크밀리포아의 guava easycyte System 은특허받은 microcapillary 기술을이용한컴팩트한시스템으로다양하고복잡한세포분석이가능합니다. Cell Health Cell S
Benchtop Flow Cytometry guava easycyte Systems 머크밀리포아의 guava easycyte System 은특허받은 microcapillary 기술을이용한컴팩트한시스템으로다양하고복잡한세포분석이가능합니다. Cell Health Cell Signaling Stem Cells Immunology Cell Counting & Viability
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction
More information( )Kju225.hwp
비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin
More information디지털포렌식학회 논문양식
ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1
More information연구분야 ( 코드 ) 과제번호 과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부비실용화 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 지원목적과제프로그램공개가능여부공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 전장유전체유전자다형데이터를이용한표적유전자의발굴 ( 영문 ) Ide
연구분야 ( 코드 ) 과제번호 1210360 과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부비실용화 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 지원목적과제프로그램공개가능여부공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 전장유전체유전자다형데이터를이용한표적유전자의발굴 ( 영문 ) Identification of disease-related target genes through
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information노인의학200303.PDF
2 1. 2. 1) 2) 3) 3. 4. 1) 2) 3) Microcell 4) 5) 5. 6. 1.. (organism).,...?,??.,. 1935 McCay 27 . 1960 Hayflick. 10 (cytogerontology)... 2. 1),,,,.,,,.. (lipofuscin) (fluidity),., (microvilli)..,, (heat
More information