<30392EC0CCBCF6C0B12E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "<30392EC0CCBCF6C0B12E687770>"

Transcription

1 대한내과학회지 : 제 73 권제 2 호 2007 혈장교환술치료를받은신장내과환자들의임상적고찰 충남대학교의과대학내과학교실 이수윤 김난희 정사라 장동석 이영모 나기량 이강욱 신영태 =Abstract= Clinical outcomes of renal patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange Soo Youn Lee, M.D., Nan Hee Kim, M.D., Sarah Jeong, M.D., Dong Seok Jang, M.D., Young Mo Lee, M.D., Ki Ryang Na, M.D., Kang Wook Lee, M.D. and Young Tai Shin, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Background : Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a procedure by which plasma is removed from whole blood and this can be used in the treatment of some renal diseases. Methods : We reviewed the medical records for the chief complaints, underlying diseases, clinical courses and treatment outcomes of 23 patients who had been treated with TPE at the Renal Division of Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1995 to June Results : Patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), microcopic polyangitis, lupus nephritis, hyperacute humoral rejection after kidney trasnplantation and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) secondary to subacute bacterial endocarditis were included in this study. Among the 11 patients with TTP, six patients improved and two patients progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Three patients with TTP died. Seven patients with microscopic polyangitis and two patients with lupus nephritis had pulmonary hemorrhage at the time of TPE. Eight of the 11 TTP patients showed improvement of their pulmonary hemorrhage after TPE. One of the two patients with hyperacute humoral rejection after kidney transplantation and one patient with secondary RPGN were improved after TPE. Hypotension (three cases) was the most common adverse effect of TPE, followed by two cases of itching sensation and one case of fever with chills. Conclusions : Therapeutic plasma exchange was an effective treatment for patients with TTP, microscopic polyangitis, lupus nephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage and hyperacute humoral rejection after kidney transplantation. (Korean J Med 73: , 2007) Key Words : Therapeutic plasma exchange, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Microscopic polyangitis, Pulmonary hemorrhage Received : Accepted : Correspondence to : Young Tai Shin, M.D., Internal Medicine, Renal division Chungnam National University Hospital, 640 Daesadong, Jung-gu, Daejeon , Korea ytshin@cnu.ac.kr

2 -Soo Youn Lee, et al : Clinical outcomes of renal patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange - Table 1. Disease entities of the patients treated with plasma exchange Disease No. of patients % TTP Microscopic polyangitis Lupus nephritis (class IV) Acute humoral rejection Subacute bacterial endocarditis with RPGN Total RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 서론혈장반출법 (Plasmapheresis) 은혈장을제거하고남은혈구는공여자에게되돌려주는치료법으로 1914년 Abel 등 1) 에의해처음으로사용되었으며, 현재는자동세포분리기를이용하여다량의혈장을제거하면서동시에새로운혈장이나혈장단백을보충해주기때문에혈장교환이라는용어가더정확한의미로사용되고있다. 치료적혈장교환술 (Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, TPE) 은혈액에있는항체, 면역복합체, 고분자량의단백이나이와결합된독성물질을제거할목적으로시행되고있으며혈액투석으로는불가능한거대분자량을지닌독성물질이나특히단백과결합된거대복합체를제거해낼수있는것이큰장점이다 2). 혈장교환술의임상적응범위는매우다양하여자가면역질환, 대사성질환및과점도증후군등이포함되며완화및보조요법으로사용되고있다 3). 연구자는 1995년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지충남대학교병원신장내과에서치료적혈장교환술을시행받은신장질환환자들을대상으로질환명과이에따른임상양상및치료결과를알아보고자본연구를수행하였다. 대상및방법 1995년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지충남대학교병원신장내과에입원하여혈장교환술을시행한 23명의환자를대상으로하였다. 환자들의의무기록을후향적으로검토하여내원시주소, 기저질환, 임상경과, 병용치료, 치료결과를조사하였다. 치료적혈장교환술은모두 CS3000 plus (Baxter, IL, U.S.A) 를이용하였으며치료적혈장교환술의교환혈장 량은총혈장량 = 총혈액량 (1-환자헤마토크리트 ) 의공식에의해계산하였다. 치료적혈장교환술에관한시행횟수, 혈장교환량, 사용된교환액및시행시간을조사하였으며 23명중 6명은혈장교환술에대한자료의부족으로통계에서제외하였다. 결과 1. 원인질환혈장교환술을시행한환자를질환별로분류하면혈전성혈소판감소성자반증 (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, TTP) 11명, 현미경적다발성혈관염 (Microscopic Polyangitis) 7명, 루푸스신염 (Lupus nephritis) 2명, 신이식후급성체액성거부반응 2명, 아급성세균성심내막염 (Subacute bacterial pericarditis) 에병발된이차성급속진행성사구체신염 (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, RPGN) 1명이있었다 ( 표 1). 2. 질환에따른임상적특징및치료결과 ( 표 2) 1) 혈전성혈소판감소성자반증내원당시의주소는점상출혈 6명, 두통, 시각장애, 구음장애등신경학적인이상을호소하는환자가각각 1명씩있었으며, 전신쇠약감및호흡곤란을호소하는환자가각각 1명씩있었다. 환자의평균나이는 45±10 세 (21-74 세 ) 였으며, 평균혈장교환횟수는 8.4±2.0회 (3-18회), 1회평균혈장교환량은 2,783±133 ml, 1회평균교환시간은 100±12분이었다. 혈장교환액으로는모두신선동결혈장을사용하였다. 혈장교환술은혈소판이이틀연속 50,000/μL이상으로유지되고, 혈청 LDH가증가하지않을때까지매일시행하였다

3 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 73 권제 2 호통권제 564 호 Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the 23 patients treated with plasma exchange Case Replacement No. of Age Gender Dx Other Tx No. solution exchange Adverse effect Outcomes 1 21 F TTP S, CTX, HD FFP 18 Fever,chills Improved 2 27 F TTP S FFP 5 Itching Improved 3 27 M TTP S, HD FFP 8 - ESRD 4 35 F TTP S??? Improved 5 35 F TTP S??? Improved 6 41 M TTP S FFP 7 - Died 7 46 F TTP S FFP 5 Hypotension Improved 8 59 F TTP S FFP 13 - Died 9 62 F TTP S??? Improved M TTP HD FFP 3 Itching Died M TTP S??? ESRD F MPA S, CTX, HD Albumin 5 - Improved F MPA S, CTX, HD Albumin 7 - Improved F MPA S, CTX, HD Albumin 2 Hypotension Improved M MPA S, CTX, HD Albumin, FFP 6 - Died F MPA S, CTX Albumin 2 - Improved M MPA S Albumin, FFP 13 - Died F MPA S, CTX, HD Albumin 4 Hypotension Died F Lupus nephritis S, CTX, HD M Lupus nephritis S, CTX, HD F Acute humoral rejection S, CsA, MMF, HD Albbumin, FFP Albumin, FFP 4 - ESRD 9 - Improved Albumin, FFP 9 - Improved Acute humoral S, CTX, ATG F Albumin 4 - ESRD rejection FK506,HD F SBE with RPGN - Albumin 6 - Improved ATG, thymoglobulin; CsA, cyclosporine A; CTX, cyclophosphamide; Dx, diagnosis; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; HD, hemodialysis; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, microscopic polyangitis; RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; S, steroid; SBE, subacute bacterial endocarditis; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; Tx, treatment;?, unavailable data due to insufficient record 병용약물로 10명에서스테로이드를투여하였으며, 1 명은 cyclophosphamide를추가로투여하였다. 심한신기능부전이동반되어혈액투석치료를함께시행한환자는 3명이있었다. 혈장교환술후 6명이호전되었으며, 3명은사망하였고, 2명은 ESRD로진행하였다. 사망원인은각각간경변증악화에의한간부전, 비호지킨림프종의악화에동반된심부전, 폐렴에의한패혈증이었다. 2) 현미경적다발성혈관염및루푸스신염현미경적다발성혈관염으로진단받은 ANCA 양성소혈관염환자 7명과루푸스신염으로진단받은환자 2 명은모두폐출혈이있어서혈장교환술을시행하였다. 이들중 8명이호흡곤란을호소하였으며, 1명은발열과오한을호소하였다. 환자들의평균나이는 55.4±5.0세 (27-76세 ) 였으며혈장교환술시행횟수는 5.6±1.2회 (2-13회), 1회평균혈장

4 - 이수윤외 7 인 : 혈장교환술치료를받은신장내과환자들의임상적고찰 - Table 3. Renal pathologic diagnosis of patients with ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis Cases Renal Pathologic Diagnosis 12 Focal Endocapillary Proliferative GN 13 Crescentic GN 14 Focal Segmental Proliferative GN 15 Diffuse Endocapillary Proliferative GN 16 Crescentic GN 17 Focal Proliferative GN 18 Crescentic GN ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; GN, glomerulonephritis 교환량은 2,494±99.0 ml, 1회평균교환시간은 111±6 분이었다. 혈장교환술은폐출혈이더이상진행하지않고, 환자의임상증상이호전될때까지시행하였다. 병용치료로모두스테로이드를사용하였으며, 1명을제외하고모두 cyclophosphamide 를 75 mg에서 100 mg 을투여하였으며혈액검사상백혈구숫자에따라서조절하였다. ANCA 양성소혈관염환자 7명중에서 4명이호전되었고, 3명이사망하였다. 사망한현미경적다발성혈관염환자중 1명은치료에반응이없어서폐출혈에의한호흡부전으로사망하였고, 다른 2명은폐출혈은호전되었으나폐렴에의한패혈증으로사망하였다. 루프스신염환자중 1명은호전되었고, 다른 1명은 ESRD로진행하여서지속적으로투석치료를시행하였다. ANCA 양성혈관염환자들의신조직검사결과는표 3과같다. 3) 신이식후급성체액성거부반응 2명모두핍뇨가있었으며, 평균나이는 30.5세였으며평균시행횟수는 6.5±2.5회, 1회평균혈장교환량은 2,390±110 ml, 1회평균교환시간은 123±4 분이었다. 혈장교환술은혈청크레아티닌이감소하고, 핍뇨가해결될때까지시행하였다. 2명중 1명은혈장교환술이외에스테로이드, mycophenolate mofetil 1,500 mg, FK mg 및혈액투석치료를병용한후에호전되었고, 다른 1명은혈장교환술및스테로이드충격요법, cyclophosphamide 100 mg, cyclosporine 200 mg, thymoglobulin 100mg을투여하였으나반응이없어서수술 5일째에이식신을제거하였다. Table 4. Adverse effects of plasma exchange Adverse effects No. of patients % Fever, chills Itching sensation Hypotension None Total ) 아급성세균성심내막염에병발된이차성급속진행성사구체신염환자는호흡곤란을호소하였으며, 6회의혈장교환술을시행한후에혈중크레아티닌은 8.3 mg/dl 에서 4.0 mg/dl 로감소하였고, 임상증상도호전되었다. 3. 혈장교환술의부작용혈장교환술에의한부작용은 6명에서관찰되었다. 교환액으로신선동결혈장을사용한환자에서발열과오한이 1명, 소양증이 2명있었고, 유입과유출량의균형을조절하지못해서오는저혈압이 3명있었으나보존적요법으로모두호전되었다. 저칼슘혈증에의한감각이상등다른부작용은없었다 ( 표 4). 고찰혈장반출법 (plasmapheresis) 은혈장을제거하고남은혈구는공여자에게되돌려준다는의미로 1914년 Abel 이처음으로사용했으며그말의유래는그리스어의 apairesos와라틴어의 aphairesis에서유래하며제거해낸다는의미를지니고있다 4). 이보다앞서 1902년에 Hedon 등 5) 이실험동물에서적혈구를세척한후수혈했다는보고가있으며 1910년에는 Fileig가요독증환자를대상으로 3차례에걸쳐서 600 ml의혈장을제거하고환자의혈구는세척후다시환자에게넣어주었는데그후상당한임상적호전을보게되었다. 그러나임상적으로이치료법이널리알려지게된계기는 1970년대중반 Goodpasture's disease 에서의치료효과가보고되면서부터이다. 최근에는자동세포분리기를이용하여다량의혈장을제거하기때문에혈장반출법 (plasmapheresis) 보다는혈장교환 (plasma exchange) 이라는용어가더정확한의미로사용되고있다 6). 치료적혈장교환술의기본목적은자동화된세포분

5 -The Korean Journal of Medicine : Vol. 73, No. 2, 리기구와체외순환을통하여혈장에서자가면역항체, 보체, 지단백, 면역복합체, 내독소, von Willabrand factor 등의큰분자량을가진단백을제거하는데있다 3). 아직다른치료와비교연구된성적자료가충분하지않아서신질환의치료로서혈장교환술의효과에대해서는의견이다양하다. 그러나병인이되는자가항체의제거가치료기전으로알려진 Goodpasture's disease, ANCA 연관소혈관염이나 von Willabrand factor 의제거가치료의기전으로알려진혈전성혈소판감소성자반증의경우에는근간이되는치료법으로알려져있다 7). 혈장의면역복합체의제거를기전으로하는 Cryoglbulinemia 의치료에있어서도비교적효과가입증되었으며신이식후급성체액성거부반응, 신이식후의재발성 FSGS의치료에있어서도치료적혈장교환술의효과가입증되었다 8). 본연구에서는세균성심내막염에병발된급속진행성사구체신염 1예를제외하고는 ANCA 양성소혈관염, TTP, 급성체액성신이식거부반응의경우와같이일반적으로혈장교환술의효과가입증된질환에이를치료법으로적용하였다. 혈장교환술이처음 ANCA 양성소혈관염의치료에사용된배경은신조직소견이 Goodpasture's disease의그것과유사성을보여면역복합체의침착이주요병인일것이라는추측에서였다 9) 년 Glockner 이후항체와관련이없는급속진행성사구체신염환자에서혈장교환술의효용성에관한많은연구가있었다. 이를종합하면투석치료를받은신기능의저하가심한환자군에서혈장교환술을시행했을때면역억제약물치료만시행한환자군에비해서우월한신기능회복을보임이입증되었고, 이를바탕으로투석치료가필요한심한신기능장애를보인항체와관련이없는급속진행성사구체신염환자들에서는혈장교환술이효용성이있다는사실에의견일치를보았다 10-12). 한가지더고려할것은미만성폐포출혈이동반된 ANCA 양성소혈관염에서의혈장교환술의효용성이다. Ohtsuka 등 13) 에의하면현미경적다발성혈관염, Wegener 육아종증, Churg-Strauss 증후군이주로미만성폐포출혈을동반하는소혈관염들이다. Klemmer 등 14) 에의하면폐출혈에있어서 ANCA는직접적으로모세혈관염을유발시키므로신속하게혈장교환술을통해서이를제거하고면역억제치료를병용한후 20명의모든환자에서미만성폐포출혈이호전됨을보고하였다. 이에반해 Lauque 등 15) 은 24% 의환자만이혈장교환술에반응을 보였다고다르게보고하였으나현재는일반적으로폐출혈이동반된 ANCA 양성소혈관염에서도혈장교환술을시행하는것이정설로받아들여진다. 본연구에서는 7명의 ANCA 양성소혈관염환자들모두가폐출혈이동반되었으며, 그중 6명은혈장교환술후에폐출혈이호전되었고 1명은치료에반응을보이지않았다. TTP와유사한발생기전을보이는소아의설사와연관된용혈성요독증후군경우에는심한신기능부전을보인경우에도예후가양호하며혈장교환술의장점은없다 16). 반면성인에서는적극적인치료시에도높은사망률을보이며예후도좋지않다고한다. Canadian Apheresis Study Group 에의하면유병인자를제거하는혈장교환술과치료인자를보충해주는혈장주입술의비교연구시치료효과와생존률에있어혈장교환술이우수하다고하였다 17). 최근 Moake 등 18) 에의하면 TTP 환자에서 von Willabrand factor 를분해시키는단백효소의결함이발견되었으며이로인해정상적으로분해되지않은거대한 von Willabrand factor가전신적으로혈소판의활성화와미세순환계의스트레스를조장하는것이병인의하나라고주장하였다. 이는혈장교환술이 von Willabrand factor 분해단백효소를새로공급하고거대한 von Willabrand factor 를제거해서혈행을원할케하는역할을수행함으로 TTP의치료로서의효용성을입증하는보다완전한이론적근거를마련했다고할수있다. 대규모의환자대조연구를통해치료적혈장교환술이치료방법으로도입된후 95% 에이르던 TTP의사망률은 15% 까지감소하였으며현재치료적혈장교환술은기본치료방법으로확립되었다 19). 본연구에서는 11명의 TTP 환자중 6명에서임상증상의호전을보였고, 3 명은사망하였으며 2명은말기신부전증으로진행하였다. 그러나사망환자중 2명은각각만성간질환과비호지킨성림프종진단을받은환자였으며기저질환의악화에의해서사망하였고, 다른한명도폐렴에의한패혈증으로사망하였다. 혈장교환술시대량의콜로이드공급이필요한데주로알부민이사용된다. 혈장량을 1회교환시혈장내거대분자들은약 60% 가제거되며 10일동안 5회를교환하면체내총면역글로블린의 90% 가제거된다 6). 이를위해선 1회시행시환자의체중 (kg) 당약 50 ml의혈장의제거가요구된다. 알부민에는응고인자가부족하므로혈장교환술후소모성지혈장애가유발될수있으며이의보완

6 -Soo Youn Lee, et al : Clinical outcomes of renal patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange - 을위해신선동결혈장을같이사용하는경우도있으며출혈의위험성이있는경우에는더욱그렇다. 혈장을교환함으로인해서정상성분에변화가일어나는데, 변화양상이각성분마다다르게나타난다. 한번혈장교환술을시행하면응고인자는 25~50%, fibrinogen, 면역글로불린, 보체성분 (C3) 은 65% 정도제거되나전해질이나요산, 제8응고인자등은제거율이낮다 20). 혈장교환술을시행한후 2주일이지나면혈장성분의 80% 가회복되나매일혈장교환술을시행하면병적물질뿐만아니라정상혈장성분도계속해서감소되기때문에합병증이생길위험이증가된다 21). 혈장교환술의합병증으로는저혈압, citrate 에의한저칼슘혈증, 담마진, 호흡곤란, 응고장애, 감염, 신선동결혈장에대한 anaphylactic 반응등이있으나 Reuter 등 22) 에의하면대부분의합병증은교환액으로알부민보다신선동결혈장을사용했을때많이발생하였다 (20% vs 1.4%) 23). 혈장교환술의순수한합병증에의한치료관련사망률은 0.03~0.05% 으로보고되었다 24). 본연구에서도 23명중저혈압 3예, 소양증이 2예, 발열이 1예있었으나모두큰문제없이보존적요법시행후호전되었다. 혈장교환술을시행한후에사망한환자는 6명이있었다. 이들중 4명이 60세이상이었으며, 5명이당뇨병, 만성간질환, 심질환, 림프종등의기저질환이있어서나이와기저질환이치료결과에영향을주었을것으로생각되었다. 요약목적 : 연구자는 1995년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지충남대학교병원신장내과에서치료적혈장교환술을시행받은신장질환환자들을대상으로질환명과이에따른임상양상및치료결과를알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지충남대학교병원신장내과에입원하여혈장교환술을시행한 23명의환자를대상으로환자들의의무기록을후향적으로검토하여내원시주소, 기저질환, 임상경과, 병용치료내용, 치료결과를조사하였다. 결과 : 환자의성별은남자가 8예, 여자가 15예가있었다. 질환별로는혈전성혈소판감소성자반증 11예, 현미경적다발성혈관염 7예, 루프스신염 2예, 신이식후급성체액성거부반응 2예, 세균성심내막염에병발된급속진행성사구체신염 1예. 11명의혈전성혈소판감소성자 반증환자중 6명이호전되었으며, 3명은사망하였고, 2 명은 ESRD로진행하였다. 현미경적다발성혈관염 7예및루프스신염 2예에서는치료적혈장교환술을시행할당시폐출혈이있었으며혈장교환술을시행후에 1예를제외하고모두폐출혈의호전이있었다. 신이식후급성체액성거부반응 2명중 1명은혈장교환술후에호전되었고, 1명은반응이없어서이식신을제거하였다. 세균성심내막염에병발된급속진행성사구체신염환자는치료후에호전되었다. 부작용으로는저혈압 3예, 소양증 2예, 오한 1예가있었다. 결론 : 혈장교환술은혈전성혈소판감소성자반증뿐만아니라폐출혈을동반한 ANCA 양성혈관염과루프스신염의치료에효과가있으며, 신이식후발생한초급성체액성거부반응및이차성급속진행성사구체신염의치료로고려할수있다. 중심단어 : 혈장교환술, 혈전성혈소판감소성자반증, 현미경적다발성혈관염, 폐출혈 REFERENCES 1) Mollison PL, Engelfriet CP. Blood transfusion in clinical medicine. 8th ed. p. 14, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publicaton, ) Federici AB, Mannucci PM. Diagnosis and management of acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 1: , ) 최종원, 김선희, 서진태, 조경삼, 이정국. 혈장교환요법 56 예에대한임상적고찰. 대한진단검사의학회지 10: , ) McCullough J, Chopek M. Therapeutic plasma exchange. Lab Med 49: , ) Petz LD, Scott N. Clinical practice of transfusion medicine. 2nd ed. p. 635, New York, Churchill Livingstone, ) Derksen RH, Schuurman HJ, Meyling FH, Struyvenberg A, Kater L. The efficacy of plasma exchange in the removal of plasma components. J Lab Clin Med 104: , ) Nguyen TC, Stegmayr B, Busund R, Bunchman TE, Carcillo JA. Plasma therapies in thrombotic syndromes. Int J Artif Organs 28: , ) Pradhan M, Petro J, Palmer J, Meyers K, Baluarte HJ. Early use of plasmapheresis for recurrent posttransplant FSGS. Pediatr Nephrol 18: , ) Pusey CD, Rees AJ, Evans DJ, Peters DK, Lockwood CM. Plasma exchange in focal necrotizing glomer

7 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 73 권제 2 호통권제 564 호 ulonephritis without anti-gbm antibodies. Kidney Int 40: , ) Glockner WM, Sieberth HG, Wichmann HE, Backes E, Bambauer R, Boesken WH, Bohle A, Daul A, Graben N, Keller F. Plasma exchange and immunosuppression in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: a controlled, multi-center study. Clin Nephrol 129:1-8, ) Guillevin L, Fain O, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Le Thi Huong D, Bussel A, Leon A. Lack of superiority of steroids plus plasma exchange to steroids alone in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg- Strauss syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial in 78 patients. Arthritis Rheum 35: , ) Zauner I, Bach D, Braun N, Kramer BK, Funfstuck R, Helmchen U, Schollmeyer P, Bohler J. Predictive value of initial histology and effect of plasmapheresis on long-term prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 39:28-35, ) Ohtsuka M, Yamashita Y, Doi M, Hasegawa S. Propylthiouracil-induced alveolar haemorrhage associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Eur Respir J 10: , ) Klemmer PJ, Chalermskulrat W, Reif MS, Hogan SL, Henke DC, Falk RJ. Plasmapheresis therapy for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with smallvessel vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis 42: , ) Lauque D, Cadranel J, Lazor R, Pourrat J, Ronco P, Guillevin L, Cordier JF. Microscopic polyangiitis with alveolar hemorrhage: a study of 29 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 79: , ) Gianviti A, Rosmini F, Caprioli A, Corona R, Matteucci MC, Principato F, Luzzi I, Rizzoni G. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in childhood: surveillance and case-control studies in Italy. Pediatr Nephrol 8: , ) Rock GA, Shumak KH, Buskard NA, Blanchette VS, Kelton JG, Nair RC, Spasoff RA. Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Eng J Med 325: , ) Moake JL. von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS-13, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Semin Hematol 41:4-14, ) Bell WR, Braine HG, Ness PM, Kickler TS. Improved survival in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome: clinical experience in 108 patients. N Engl J Med 325: , ) Weinstein E. Basic principles of therapeutic blood exchange. 1st ed. p. 271, Maryland, AABB Press, ) Batocchi AP, Evoli A, Di Schino C, Tonali P. Therapeutic apheresis in myasthenia gravis. Ther Apher 4: , ) Reutter JC, Sanders KF, Brecher ME, Jones HG, Bandarenko N. Incidence of allergic reactions with fresh frozen plasma or cryo-supernatant plasma in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Clin Apher 16: , ) Sutton DM, Nair RC, Rock G. Complications of plasma exchange. Transfusion 29: , ) Mokrzycki MH, Kaplan AA. Therapeutic plasma exchange: complications and management. Am J Kidney Dis 23: ,

( )Kjbt014.hwp

( )Kjbt014.hwp 대한수혈학회지 : 제 18 권제 3 호, 2007 항호중구세포질항체양성혈관염환자에서시행한혈장교환술 1 예 이윤수 1 ㆍ박정란 1 ㆍ송규섭 1 ㆍ김용림 2 ㆍ서장수 1 = Abstract = 경북대학교병원진단검사의학과 1, 내과 2 Plasma Exchange in a Patient with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

<31312EB0ADC7F5C1D62E687770>

<31312EB0ADC7F5C1D62E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 74 권제 5 호 28 p-anca 연관신염의임상적고찰 : 단일임상기관연구 경북대학교의과대학내과학교실, 동국대학교의과대학내과학교실 2 강혁주 2 박선희 박자용 신용봉 김찬덕 탁우택 2 이정호 2 김용림 Clinical characteristics of p-anca (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)-related

More information

untitled

untitled 대한수혈학회지:제권 제호, 0 한 대학병원의 혈액 폐기 분석 김병철ㆍ서영익ㆍ채금란ㆍ신정원ㆍ최태윤 = Abstract = 순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 진단검사의학교실 Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea Byung Chul Kim, Young Ik Seo, Gum Ran

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

Jkafm093.hwp

Jkafm093.hwp 가정의학회지 2004;25:721-739 비만은 심혈관 질환, 고혈압 및 당뇨병에 각각 위험요인이고 다양한 내과적, 심리적 장애와 연관이 있는 질병이다. 체중감소는 비만한 사람들에 있어 이런 위험을 감소시키고 이들 병발 질환을 호전시킨다고 알려져 있고 일반적으로 많은 사람들에게 건강을 호전시킬 것이라는 믿음이 있어 왔다. 그러나 이런 믿음을 지지하는 연구들은

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

00약제부봄호c03逞풚

00약제부봄호c03逞풚 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770> 대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of

More information

untitled

untitled 대한수혈학회지 : 제 26 권제 1 호, 2015 The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion Vol. 26, No. 1, 9-17, April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.17945/kjbt.2015.26.1.9 pissn 1226-9336 eissn 2383-6881 Original Article 치료적혈장교환술에사용하는치환용액의선택과주의사항

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

석사논문.PDF

석사논문.PDF ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

untitled

untitled 대한내과학회지 : 제 71 권부록 3 호 2006 폐출혈을동반한진행성 IgA 신병증 1 예 순천향대학교의과대학내과학교실, 병리학교실 2 이용하 이민우 박무용 최수정 김진국 황승덕 권계원 2 =Abstract= A case of progressive IgA nephropathy with pulmonary hemorrhage Yong Ha Lee, M.D., Min

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR 6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Trd022.hwp

Trd022.hwp 김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

Kaes025.hwp

Kaes025.hwp 고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘ Common Allergic Diseases in Children Sang - Il Lee, M.D. Department of pediatrics Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center E - mail : silee@smc.samsung.co.kr Abstract Allergy

More information

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 역류성식도질환제대로이해하기 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Jae-Young Jang, M.D., PhD. 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 109 최신치료

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20332D3220C7F7BCD2C6C7BCF6C7F75FB9DABFEB205BC0D0B1E220C0FCBFEB5D>

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20332D3220C7F7BCD2C6C7BCF6C7F75FB9DABFEB205BC0D0B1E220C0FCBFEB5D> 혈소판수혈의실제 박용 고려대학교의과대학안암병원혈액종양내과 목적 혈액종양내과전문의로서혈소판관련문제에대한컨설트해결능력배양 혈액은행소속의료진과혈소판수혈관련문제에대한토의능력배양 혈액종양환자의혈소판감소증에대한적절한치료전략습득 Lim YA, et al. Vox Sanguinis, 2004;86:54 61 구성 1. 역사적고찰 2. 혈소판제제생산및특징 3. 혈소판수혈의부작용및예방전략

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â

°ø±â¾Ð±â±â 20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

<31392EB1E8C1F8B0E62E687770>

<31392EB1E8C1F8B0E62E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 76 권제 3 호 2009 심내막염에동반한반월상사구체신염에서항생제만으로치료된 1 예 한림대학교의과대학 1 내과학교실, 신장연구소, 2 병리학교실, 연세대학교의과대학 3 내과학교실 김진경 1 이영기 1 오숙의 1 조정래 1 노정우 1 남은숙 2 이상학 3 Recovery from crescentic glomerulonephritis with

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16 야간뇨의진단과치료 - 실제적접근 - Reference 1. Choo MS, Ku JH, Park CH et al. Prevalence of Nocturia in a Korean Population Aged 40 to 89 Years. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:60-64. 2. Weiss JP. Prevalence

More information

(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp

(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Liver Jae Hoon Lee, M.D., Dong Ho Choi, M.D. 1, Kyeong Geun Lee, M.D., Hwon Kyum Park M.D. and Kwang Soo Lee, M.D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine,

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

untitled

untitled http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2012.72.1.93 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2012;72:93-97 CopyrightC2012. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

약수터2호최종2-웹용

약수터2호최종2-웹용 Contents 06 08 11 14 17 17 18 19 23 28 28 33 37 41 45 45 51 56 59 64 66 72 80 26 29 31 34 35 35 38 39 40 42 43 43 46 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 69 73 74 77 78 79 14 15 25 36 48 06 07 08

More information

May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr

May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

대한한의학원전학회지26권4호-교정본(1125).hwp

대한한의학원전학회지26권4호-교정본(1125).hwp http://www.wonjeon.org http://dx.doi.org/10.14369/skmc.2013.26.4.267 熱入血室證에 대한 小考 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1, 2 *117) A Study on the Pattern of 'Heat Entering The Blood Chamber' 1, Baik 1

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

<BEEEBCF6C5C32E687770>

<BEEEBCF6C5C32E687770> 크론씨병에동반된 Goodpasture 증후군 1 예 순천향대학교의과대학내과학교실, 1 진단방사선과교실, 2 병리학교실김지연, 배준용, 정은정, 김양기, 이영목, 김기업, 어수택, 황정화 1, 진소영 2, 이동화 2 A Case of Goodpasture's Syndrome Combined with Crohn s Disease Ji-Yon Kim, M.D.,

More information

Kaes017.hwp

Kaes017.hwp 갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

<323020C1F5B7CA B1C7BFEBC1F82E687770>

<323020C1F5B7CA B1C7BFEBC1F82E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 80 권제 6 호 2011 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura 환자에서동반된폐출혈 1 예 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실 권용진 정수진 박민찬 A Case of Pulmonary Hemorrhage through Pulmonary Involvement of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Yong-Jin Kwon, Soo-Jin

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

untitled

untitled 대한내과학회지 : 제 70 권부록 2 호 2006 고환종괴와폐출혈을동반한결절성다발동맥염 충남대학교의과대학내과학교실, 해부병리학교실 2 이영모 권오경 강대영 2 서광선 2 나기량 이강욱 신영태 =bstract= case of polyarteritis nodosa with testicular mass and pulmonary hemorrhage Young Mo

More information

untitled

untitled 대한수혈학회지 : 제 24 권제 2 호, 2013 The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion Vol. 24, No. 2, 121-127, August 2013 ISSN 1226-9336 Original Article 수혈전예비투약실태조사 : 단일기관연구 김보람ㆍ최재림ㆍ김지은ㆍ우광숙ㆍ김정만ㆍ한진영ㆍ김경희 동아대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실

More information

..........5-45..

..........5-45.. K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 45 www.cdc.go.kr 2012 11 9 5 45 ISSN:2005-811X Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance on non-tertiary hospitals

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120: Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136:884-890 Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 03; 1:446-464 1 10 0 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE Cream Cream 80 7 70 6 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information