26논문03-조재윤[1].PDF

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1 pp A Study on Effect of Earth Pressure Reduction and the Silo Earth Pressure Retaining Wall by CLSM Backfill with Waste Foundry Sand of the ****** Cho, J ae- yun*lee, Kwan-ho**Cho, Yoon- ho*** A B S T RA CT T he recycling of w aste foundry sand(wfs ) and fly ash as by- products of industry is one of the urgent problem t o deal with. F or the recycling of these materials, CLSM (controlled low strength materials ) concept w as adopted. T his research has been done for last thr ee years. In this r esearch, couple of selected w aste foundry sand and fly ash w ere used as fine aggregate. Also, WFS modified by proper chemical liquid w as used for the comparison. T he main focus is to evaluate the silo earth pressure and the reduction effect due t o the use of CLSM instead of normal fine aggregate. Silo effect, which occurs at short distance betw een ret aining w all and backfill, w as not detected because the charact erization of CLSM is highly differ ent from that of normal aggregate. T herefore, the theory for earth pressure, like Rankine theory or Coulomb theory, should be car efully used for CLSM. T he reduction of earth pressur e for modified WFS is higher than the others. But, the final earth pr essure is conver ged at very sm all value, even though the r eduction effect depends on the curing time. K ey w ords : CL SM, f ly - ash, f lowable backf ill, lateral earth p ressure, was te f oundry sand. ( CLSM) 3., CLSM.,.. CLSM,.,,., CLSM,. :,,, * (cjy@dit.ac.kr / Tel. : ) ** / Tel. : ) *** u.ac.kr / Te l. : ) 19

2 1. (flowable mortar), - (soil-cement slurry), 2 (self-leveling),, (self-compacting), (flowability),., (Abichou et al., 1998, Naik & Singh, 1997). CLSM. (, ). 3., 5,,,.,, 1. (Lee et al., 2001;, 2000). 3 (Silo Earth Pressure).,,, ( ) CLSM.. (backfill materials)., ,, 20 14,, 5%.. CLSM (Controlled Low Strength Materials).. CLSM(flowable fill), (controlled strength fill),. 20

3 KS,,,.,.,., (, 2000 ;, 1992).. (,,, ) 3. Silo., CLSM (, 2000).. 1, 2.2,,,,,, 1545% (Bottum Ash), (Fly Ash)..,.,,,,,,., 18.3%..,,. 1. (1). V + d V + 2K V dz = V + B dz (1) B, = t an. (1), (2) exp { - 2K ( z / B ) } V = B 2K (2) 21

4 h (3). 4.1 h = K V B = B 2 [ 1 - ex p { - 2K ( h/ B )}] (3) KMarstonAnderson (1913) Rankine, Krynine(1945). K = h v = 1 - sin sin 2 (4), Handy(1985) K. (5). K = h v = 1.06 ( cos 2 + K a s in 2 ) (5) FrydmanKeissar (1987) K (6). - K = ( s in 2 + 1) (4 t an 2 - s in 2 + 1) (6) ( sin 2 + 1) 2 - ( 1 - s in 2 )(4 tan 2 - s in 2 + 1) (4 t an 2 - s in 2 + 1) CLSM,. 1Class F, KSL ASTM (ASTM, 1994) N F C min SiO2+Al2O3 +Fe2O3 (%) max SO3 (% ) m ax Moisture content (%) max Loss on ignition (% ) m ax Na2 O (%) L.O.I. : Loss On Ignition (%) 2. SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 T io2 MnO CaO MgO K2O Na2O P2O5 L.O.I (%), Rankine 4.2. K a = ( 1 - s in ) (7) (Furane Sand), ( 1 + s in ).,

$, (, 1998). XRF(X-ray Refraction) 3, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 90%,,. 2, 4. (Furane Sand)2.459 2.684, 2.652.,. 3. XRF (: %) Sand SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2 O3 T io2 MnO Green 80.74 7.92 2.75 0.22 0.00 Furane 87.04 5.$

5 , (, 1998). XRF(X-ray Refraction) 3, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 90%,,. 2, 4. (Furane Sand) , ,. 3. XRF (: %) Sand SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2 O3 T io2 MnO Green Furane Sand CaO MgO K2 O Na2 O P2 O5 L.O.I. Green Furane Particle size (mm) D10 (mm ) D3 0 (mm ) D6 0 (mm ) Cu Cc Poorly Gap Poorly Poorly Poorly 4.3 CLSM (The American Concrete Institute, 1994)CLSM,, MPa. CLSM kpa, 550kPa (Bhat & Lovell, 1996 ; Horiuchi et al., 1992 ; Janardhanam et al., 1992 ; Smith, 1991). Nantung(1993), (, 2000). 5 (,, ),,,. 23

5. (%) 8.1 17.1 29.8 20.8 21.6 64.7 61.9 47.2 55.5 58.4 3.0 1.6 1.54 3.6 1.8 24.2 19.4 21.

6 5. (%) (a) 5.1 3, 100cm 52cm 50cm( ), data log. 4. (t = 50mm),,. 5, 5052(). (t = 7mm),...., 2LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer)2 (, 2000). (b) 3. 50cm 14~ 18mm hinge 40cm LVDT #2 LVDT #1 #2 road cell potentiometer potentiometer # cm potentiometer #

(a) 52.0cm 4.5cm 10.0cm. (raining method),,.,. (, 2000 ; Lee et al. 2001)., 50% ( ),. 5 10.0cm 10.0cm 6.

7 (a) 52.0cm 4.5cm 10.0cm. (raining method),,.,. (, 2000 ; Lee et al. 2001)., 50% ( ), cm 10.0cm cm 5.5cm (b) 5. 6,, 7., , (,, ) (, 2000 ; Lee et al. 2001). 7. CLSM 50%, CLSM.. CLSM 6,,, 25

8 ., 1-2,. CLSM,, CLSM,. 6, CLSM, CLSM.,,. (c) CLSM 6. (a) CLSM (a) CLSM (b) CLSM (b) CLSM (c) CLSM 7. 26

9 , 6 CLSM, (, 2000).. CLSM, CLSM. (, 2000 ; Lee et al. 2001).,, CLSM,. CLSM., CLSM 50%. CLSM,. 6, CLSM (, ) 6. CLSM (g/cm 2 ). 8 CLSM 50-60%,. (, 2000, Lee et al., 2001). CLSM 7.,.,, CLSM CLSM 0.15 h 0.39 h 0.1 h cm cm cm cm cm / CLSM (hr ) () (, )

10 . CLSM CLSM,.,. 6,. CLSM1.1mm.,, CLSM1.0mm, CLSM0.75mm.,, 0.6mm CLSM.. CLSM.,., CLSM. 8. (mm) Peak 12h 1d 2d 3d 4d 5d CLSM (h:, d:) Peak 1h 12h 1d 1.5d 2.0d CLSM d 3.0d 4d 5d 6d 7d CLSM ,.,, 28

11 . CLSM,,..,. CLSM. 10. CLSM ( ) CLSM CLS M CLS M CLS M 4.5 cm 14.5 cm 24.5 cm 34.5 cm 44.5 cm , CLSM,. CLSM,,. 6.6 SEM 8CLSM,,. 7, CLSM. 3,,, CLSM,. 50%,.., (a) (b) (c) 8. SEM CLSM 29

12 7.. (1) (5) CLSM CLSM,. CLSM.., 50%, 25% (2) CLSM,, (6) CLSM ,,,.. (3) CSLM,,..,,.,,,. (4) CLSM (SEM)7 1. (1998),,, pp. 119., 2. (2000),,,,, pp ,, (2000), " 30

13 ",, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp (1992),, KRC- 90H - J06 5. Abichou, T., Benson, C., and Edil, T. (1998), "Beneficial Reuse of F oundary S an ds in Construction of Hy draulic Barrier Lay ers", E nv ironm ental Geotechn ics R ep ort 98-2, Dept. of Civil and Environm ental Engin eering, Univ ersity of W iscon sin - M adison. 6. ACI Committee 229 (1994), "Controlled Low Strength Materials(CLSM)", Concrete International, July, pp AST M (1994), A nnual B ook of A S TM S tandards 8. Bhat, S. T., and Lov ell, C. W. (1996), " Us e of Coal Com bustion R es idues and W aste F oundry Sands in F lowable F ill", Joint Highw ay Research Project, F HW A / IN/ JHRP - 96/ 2, pp Fry dm an, S. and Keissar, I. (1987), "E arth Pressure on Retaining W alls near Rock F aces", J GE, A S CE, Vol. 113, N o. 6, pp Han dy, R. L. (1985), "T h e Arch in Soil Arching ", J GE, A S CE, V ol. 111, N o. 3, pp Horiuchi, S., T aketsuka, M., Odaw ara, T., and Kaw asaki, H. (1992), "Fly - ash Slurry Island: I. T heoretical and Experimental Investig ations", J ournal of M aterials in Civ il E ng in eering, V ol. 4, N o. 2, M ay, pp Jan ardh anam, R., Burn s, F., and P eindl, R. D. (1992), "Mix Design for Flow able Ffly - ash Backfill M aterial", J ournal of M aterials in Civ il E ng in eering, A S CE, V ol. 4, N o.3, August, pp Krynine, D. P. (1945), "Stability and Stiffness Celular Cofferdam s", T erzaghi T ransaction, A S CE, Vol. 110, pp Lee, K., Cho, J., Rodrig o, S. an d Lee, I (2001), "T h e Sm all- Scale Retaining W all T est of W aste F oun dry Sand Mixture as Flow able F ill", A S TM Geotechnical T esting J ournal, V ol. 24, N o. 4, pp Marston, A. and Anderson, A. O. (1913), "T heory of Loads on Pipes in Ditches and T ests of Cement and Clay Drain T ile and Sewer Pipe", B ul. 31, I owa E ng rg., Exp erim ent S tation, A m es, Iow a. 16. Naik, T. R., and Sing h, S. S. (1997), " Flow able Slurry Containing F oundry S ands", J ournal of M aterials in Civ il E ng ine ering, Vol. 9, N o. 2, M ay, pp N antung, T. E. (1993), "D es ig n Criteria f or Controlled L ow S treng th M aterials", Ph. D. T hesis, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ ersity, Aug., pp Smith, A.(1991), "Controlled Low Streng th M aterial" Concrete Construction, M ay, pp (: ) 31

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<BAB0C3A5BABBB9AE2E687770> DMFC 5-60-30 제정: 2011. 7. 11 국방 군사시설기준 탄약고 설계지침 국 방 부 DMFC 5-60-30 제정: 2011. 7. 11 목 차 제1부 강재(파형강판) 탄약고 제1장 일반사항 1-1 적용 범위 1 1-2 참조 기준 1 1-3 주요 용어 1 제2장 설계지침 2-1 설계하중 3 2-2 설계사항 3 2-3 최소 다짐층 토피고 6 2-4