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1 Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric. 217;36(3): Korean Online ISSN: Published online 217 September 3. Print ISSN: Research Article Open Access 중량식라이시미터에서콩재배시물관리방법에의한양분의용탈과작물흡수 이예진 *, 한경화, 이슬비, 성좌경, 송요성, 이덕배 Nutrient Leaching and Crop Uptake in Weighing Lysimeter Planted with Soybean as Affected by Water Management Ye-Jin Lee*, Kyung-Hwa Han, Seul-Bi Lee, Jwa-Kyung Sung, Yo-Sung Song and Deog-Bae Lee (Soil & Fertilizer Management Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea) Received: 11 September 217/ Revised: 2 September 217/ Accepted: 25 September 217 ORCID Copyright c 217 The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ye-Jin Lee Kyung-Hwa Han Seul-Bi Lee Abstract BACKGROUND: Soil water content strongly depends on weather condition and irrigation, and it could influence on crop nutrient use efficiency. This study was performed to assess nutrient uptake of soybean by soil water condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, nutrient leaching and crop uptake as affacted by water management practice was investigated using weighing lysimeter which is located in National institute of agricultural science, Wanju, Jeonbuk province from June 215 to October 216. Water supply for soybean (cv. Daewon) was managed with irrigation and rainfall. Nitrate leaching was greatest in the rainfall treatment at early July 216. Yield of soybean in the rainfall treatment was only 25% compared to the irrigation due to the drought at flowering and podding period. The uptake of nitrogen was considerably reduced by drought whereas the uptake of phosphorus and potassium was less affected by drought. *Corresponding author: Ye-Jin Lee Phone: ; Fax: ; leeyj418@korea.kr CONCLUSION: It was proven that nitrogen loss and uptake were dependent on soil water condition. Therefore, irrigation water management to maintain available soil moisture capacity is critical to nitrogen uptake and yield of soybean. Key words: Irrigation, Nitrogen uptake, Soybean, Weighing lysimeter 서,, (Baligar et al., 21).,. (Pinkerton and Simpson, 1986). (Glycine max L.), (Ashley, 1983). 6 1, 론 147

2 148 Lee et al. Table 1. Soil physico-chemical properties before experiment Soil series Horizon Songjeong Soil depth (cm) Bulk density (Mg m -3 ) Soil texture ph (1:5) EC (ds m -1 ) OM (g kg -1 ) Av.P 2O 5 (mg kg -1 ) Exch. cations (cmol c kg -1 ) K Ca Mg Ap ~ Silty Clay Loam BAt 12~ Silty Clay Loam 5.4 ND 2.6 ND Bt 36~ Silty Clay Loam 5.8 ND 2. ND Bw 61~ Silt Loam 5.9 ND 1.5 ND C 98~ Silt Loam 5.9 ND 1.8 ND Table 2. Chemical properties of top soil in 216 ph EC OM T-N Av.P 2O 5 Exch. cations (cmol c kg -1 ) (1:5) (ds m -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) K Ca Mg (Holzman et al., 214). 65%, (Karam et al., 25)...,.,,,. 재료및방법 중량식라이시미터및토양특성. 1 m, 1.5 m,1,3, 55, 85, 125 cm, (UMP-1, UGT, Germany) (Suction probe system, UGT, Germany) (Weighing lysimeter, UGT, Germany). Seo (216) , 5~1 cm, Table 1. 처리내용 , 3 3 cm, , kg 1a -1, 1 kg 1a -1 N-P-K= kg 1a -1, 216 Table 2 N-P-K= kg 1a -1 (NIAST, 26). (a) (b).,. 재배기간중기상조건 , mm 5%, mm mm (Fig. 1).

3 Soybean Nutrient Uptake by Water Management in Weighing Lysimeter Precipitation Ave. Temperature Monthly totals (mm) /6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/1 Fig. 1. Monthly precipitation and average temperature during soybean cultivation from June 215 to October Temperature ( ) Monthly totals (mm) SW ET I P Seepage water (mm) Monthly totals (mm) SW ET P Seepage water (mm) Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 4 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct a) Irrigated b) Non-irrigated Fig. 2. Precipitation (P), Irrigation (I), evapotranspiration (ET) and (SW) by water managements during soybean cultivation using weighing lysimeter. 작물증발산량산정 (Klammler and Fank, 214). (ET)= + -,. 토양이화학성, 식물체흡수량및침투수분석 USDA Soil taxonomy (Soil survey staff, 1999). (Gee and Bouder, 1986), (Blake and Hartge, 1986). ph EC 1:5, Tyurin, Lancaster, 1 M NH 4OAC (ph 7.) (ICP-OES, GBC, Integra XL Dual, Australia) (NIAST, 2)..5 g (H 2SO 4) 1mL 5% (HClO 4 )1mL,,, Lee (217). (MOE, 217)., (QuAAtro, Seal analytical, USA),.. 결과및고찰 강우및관개여부에따른수분이동과양분유출 ,, Fig ,

4 15 Lee et al. 5 5 Soil water content (%) cm depth 3cm depth 55cm depth 85cm depth Rain 7/1/216 8/1/216 9/1/216 1/1/ Rainfall (mm) Soil water content (%) cm depth 3cm depth 55cm depth 85cm depth Rain 7/1/216 8/1/216 9/1/216 1/1/ Rainfall (mm) a) Irrigated b) Non-irrigated Fig. 3. Variation of soil water content by water managements during soybean cultivation in 216. NO 3 -N (mg/lysimeter) NO 3 -N 215/6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/ (a) (b) Fig. 4. NO 3-N leaching in a) irrigated and b) non-irrigated weighing lysimeter from June 215 to October 216. NO 3 -N (mg/lysimeter) /6 215/7 215/8 NO 3 -N 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/ PO 4 -P (mg/lysimeter) PO 4 -P 215/6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/ (a) (b) Fig. 5. PO 4-P leaching in a) irrigated and b) non-irrigated weighing lysimeter from June 215 to October 216. PO 4 -P (mg/lysimeter) PO 4 -P 215/6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/ mm. (Yang et al., 2), 215, 216 8, , ,.,., ~3 cm 7 5% ( Fig. 3). 1 cm 1%, 3 cm 2%,.9 1mm..

5 Soybean Nutrient Uptake by Water Management in Weighing Lysimeter K (mg/lysimeter) K 215/6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/1 (a) K (mg/lysimeter) K 215/6 215/7 215/8 215/9 215/1 215/11 215/12 216/1 216/2 216/3 216/4 216/5 216/6 216/7 216/8 216/9 216/1 Fig. 6. Potassium leaching in a) irrigated and b) non-irrigated weighing lysimeter from June 215 to October 216. (b) Table 3. Yield of soybean by water managements Treatments Year Pod weight (g m -2 ) Grain weight (g m -2 ) Percentage of immature pod (%) Irrigated Non-irrigated Table 4. Nutrient leaching and crop uptake by water management Treatments Year Fertilization (g m -2 ) Leaching* (g m -2 ) Crop uptake (g m -2 ) N P K N P K N P K Irrigated Non-irrigated *N : NO 3-N+NH 4-N, P : PO 4-P, K : Inorganic K. 1 mg L -1, , (Fig. 4) (Fig. 5),.5~2 mg L -1 (Fig. 6). 적습관개및무관개구의콩수량과양분수지 25%, 1~15% (Table 3). Park (214) 37%, Shin (215) 15 39%. (Sale and Campbell, 198), 7 8.,,,, (Table 4).

6 152 Lee et al. 2~5%., (Albrecht et al., 1994; Zahran, 1999).,. 요 , , %, 25%. 2~5%,,.,. 약 Notes The author declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgement This study was carried out with the support of "Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No.PJ )", National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. References Albrecht, S. L., Bennett, J. M., & Boote, K. J. (1994). Relationship of nitrogenase activity to plant water stress in field grown soybeans. Field Crop Research, 8, Ashley, D. A. (1983). Soybean. Teare, I. D., Peet, M. M. (eds.). Crop-Water Relations, pp A Wiley Interscience Publication, New York, USA. Baligar, V. C., Fageria, N. K., & He, Z. L. (21). Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32(7-8), Blake, G. R., & Hartge. K. H. (1986). Bulk density in Methods of Soil Analysis, part1. Klute, A. (ed.). Monograph No. 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Gee,G.W.,&Bauder,J.W.(1986).Particlesizeanalysis. In: Methods of soil analysis, part1. Klute, A. (ed.). Monograph No. 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Holzman, M. E., Rivas, R., & Piccolo, M. C. (214). Estimating soil moisture and the relationship with crop yield using surface temperature and vegetation index. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 28, Karam. F., Masaad, R., Sfeir, T., Mounzer, O., & Rouphael, Y. (25). Evapotranspiration and seed yield of field grown soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 75(3), Klammler, G., & Fank, J. (214). Determining water and nitrogen balances for beneficial management practices using lysimeters at Wagna test site (Austria). Science of the Total Environment, 499, Lee,Y.J.,Sung,J.K.,Lee,S.B.,Lim,J.E.,Song,Y.S., Lee, D. B., & Hong, S. Y. (217). Plant analysis methods for evaluating mineral nutrient. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 5(2), Park,S.J.,Park,J.Y.,Eom,K.C.,&Moon.J.K.(214). Determination of water use efficiency on the amount of water use for 29 Korean soybean cultivars. Korean Journal of Breeding Science, 46(4), Pinkerton, A., & Simpson, J. R. (1986). Interactions of surface drying and subsurface nutrients affecting plant growth on acidic soil profiles from an old pasture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 26(6), Sale, P. W. G., & Campbell, L. C. (198). Patterns of mineral nutrients accumulation in soybean seed. Field Crops Research, 3, Seo,M.J.,Han,K.H.,Jung,K.H.,Cho,H.R.,Zhang,Y. S., & Choi, S. Y. (216). Effect of temperature and plow pan on water movement in monolithic weighable lysimeter with paddy sandy loam soil during winter season. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 49(4), Shin,S.H.,Park,K.Y.,Lim,S.G.,Shin,S.O.&Ha,T.J.

7 Soybean Nutrient Uptake by Water Management in Weighing Lysimeter 153 (215). Soybean plants maintained source-sink balance with grain yield reduced by drought stress during the full pod stage. Korea Soybean Digest, 32(1), Yang,J.H.,Seong,R.C.,Hong,B.H.,&Kim,W.H. (2). Responses of evapotranspiration and yield to different soil water conditions in soybean (Glycine max(l.) Merr.). Korean Journal of Breeding Science, 32(1), Zahran, H. H. (1999). Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Teviews, 63(4),

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