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Weed Turf. Sci. 6(1):32~39 http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/wts.2017.6.1.32 Print ISSN 2287-7924, Online ISSN 2288-3312 Research Article Weed & Turfgrass Science Weed & Turfgrass Science was renamed from both formerly Korean Journal of Weed Science from Volume 32 (3), 2012, and formerly Korean Journal of Turfgrass Science from Volume 25 (1), 2011 and Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science from Volume 26 (2), 2012 which were launched by The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgrass Society of Korea founded in 1981 and 1987, respectively. 호남지역에서제초제저항성강피의발생과방제 임일빈 1 * 임보혁 1 박재현 1 임민혁 1 김대현 1 장정한 1 최경진 2 1 ( 주 ) 바이오식물환경연구소, 2 국립식량과학원 Control and Occurrence of Herbicide Resistance Echinochloa oryzicola in Rice Paddy Field of Honam Area Il-Bin Im 1 *, Bo-Hyeok Im 1, Jea-Hyeon Park 1, Min-Hyeok Im 1, Dae-Hyeon Kim 1, Jeong-Han Jang 1, and Kyeong-Jin Choi 2 1 Bio-Plant Environment Research Center, 272-9, Mujin-daero, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62364, Korea 2 National Institute of Crop Science, 181, Hyeoksin-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to investigate the ACCase inhibiting herbicide resistant Echinochloa oryzicola collected in a Honam rice field and to investigate the control of E. oryzicola in directly seeded paddy rice field. The study result showed that about 44% of the 67 biotypes collected in the rice field in Honam region were resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. The efficacy of several chemical herbicides on these resistant E. oryzicola biotypes was evaluated according to their application timings. Among herbicides applied 4 days before seeding, pretilachlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon+pretilachlor, and fentrazamide+oxadiargyl, provided 95% or higher control of the resistant E. oryzicola biotypes. Among the herbicides applied 10 days after seeding, bromobutide+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb, fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, bromobutide+imazosulfuron+mefenacet and bromobutide+imazosulfuron+pyraclonil provided 95% control of the weeds. Bromobutide+imazosulfuron+mefenacet and bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl, applied 15 days after seeding, provided 95 and 90% control of the weeds. Foliar application of cyhalofop-butyl+propanil at 30 days after seeding provided 90% control of the weeds. In addition, oxaziclomefone provided 90% control for 40 days after soil application. These results show that E. oryzicola biotypes resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides could be effectively controlled in directly seeded rice in submerged paddy fields using single or tank-mixed chemical herbicides currently available on the market. Key words: Echinochloa oryzicola, Herbicide, Resistance weed, Rice, Weed control Received on February 1, 2017; Revised on March 15, 2017; Accepted on March 17, 2017 *Corresponding author: Phone) +82-62-945-5031, Fax) +82-62-945-5032; E-mail) imweed@hanmail.net 2017 The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgrass Society of Korea This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 서론 논에서쌀생산을위한벼재배과정중에잡초방제는필수적인것이다. 특수한벼재배농법을제외하고는대부분벼재배농가에서의잡초관리는제초제를사용한화학적방제에의존하고있으며, 이로인하여용이하게제초노력을절감하고있는경향이다. 그러나제초제를사용하여도잡초가잘방제되지않은저항성형질을가진잡초들의생태형이최근들어많이발생하고있다 (Lee et al., 2012). 제초제에대한저항성잡초는미국워싱턴주 에서 triazine계제초제에대한저항성생태형인 Senecio vulgaris( 개쑥갓 ) 의출현에대한보고가처음이었다 (Ryan 1970). 그이후여러종류의제초제들에대한많은저항성잡초들이보고되고있으며, 최근까지제초제저항성잡초는세계적으로 67개국에서 91작물에 252종 478생태형이보고되고있다. 주로제초제를많이사용하고농업선진국인미국, 유럽, 호주등지의밭에서발생하는잡초들이많다. 그러나우리와농업형태가유사하고특히쌀을주식으로하고있는일본의벼재배논에서최근 30여년이상사용량이가장많은 sulfonylurea( 이하 SU) 계제초제에대한저항 32

33 임일빈 임보혁 박재현 임민혁 김대현 장정한 최경진 성잡초의출현이많이보고되었다 (Heap, 2017). 이들은물옥잠 (Monochoria kosakowii)(kohara et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1997), 논뚝외풀 (Lindernia micrantha) (Itoh et al., 1997a), 밭뚝외풀 (Lindernia procumbens) (Itoh et al., 1997b), 미국외풀 (Lindernia dubia) (Aoki et al., 1998), 마디꽃 (Rotala indica) (Itoh et al., 1998), 물별 (Elatine triandra) (Hata et al., 1998), 올챙이고랭이 (Scirpus juncoides) (Kohara et al., 1998), 구와말 (Limnophila sessiliflora) (Wang et al., 1998) 및물달개비 (Monochoria vaginalis) (Hamamura et al., 2001) 등이며, 우리나라에서도발생보고는좀늦었지만물옥잠 (Park et al., 1999) 이보고된이후전남지역에서는물달개비 (Kwon et al., 2000), 미국외풀 (Park et al., 2001), 전북지역에서올챙이고랭이 (Kuk et al., 2002; Im et al., 2003a) 등의일년생잡초와올미 (Im et al., 2005), 새섬매자기 (Park et al., 2006) 등의다년생잡초에대한보고가있다. 이들제초제저항성잡초는잡초를방제하기위하여기존에효과적이었던제초제를살포하여도방제되지않고생존하여종자를맺어후대까지도유전되는것이라고하였는데 (Prather et al., 2000), SU계저항성잡초도수년간동일계통의제초제가연용되어짐에따라저항성화된것으로보고하고있다 (Itoh et al., 1997a; Kwon et al., 2000; Park et al., 2014). 벼재배논에서 SU계저항성물달개비의경합시직파재배벼는 70%, 이앙재배벼는 44% 정도수량감소가되어, SU계저항성물달개비의발생시직파재배에서는파종후 31일, 이앙재배에서는이앙후 45일이내에방제되어야한다고하였다 (kuk et al., 2004). 이에따라우리나라에서도저항성잡초에대한방제연구가진행되었다. SU계제초제저항성알방동사니 (Im et al., 2003b), 물달개비 (Im et al., 2004b), 미국외풀 (Im et al., 2004a) 등일년생저항성잡초와올챙이고랭이 (Im et al., 2003a), 올미 (Im et al., 2005), 새섬매자기 (Park et al., 2006), 쇠털골 (Kwon et al., 2009) 등다년생저항성잡초의생육시기등에따라방제가능제초제를제시한바있다. Kuk et al. (2004) 은직파재배와이앙재배시 SU계저항성물달개비, 미국외풀, 마디꽃의효과적인방제시기를제시한바있다. 최근에는 ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성인피의발생이급격하게늘어나고있는추세이다. ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성피는 2006년에김제시죽산면지역의벼재배논에서강피가발견 (Im, 2009) 된이래충남서산에서물피에대한보고도있다 (Im et al., 2009). 또한 Lee et al. (2012) 이전국적으로조사한바에의하면 5.1% 의논에서저항성피가발생하고있다고한다. 따라서본연구는농가에서발생되고있는강피가 ACCase 저해제초제에어느정도저항성을지니고있는지검토하고, 벼무논직파재배시효과적으로방제할수있는적절한제초제의선발과방제방법을구명하고자수행하였다. 재료및방법 수집강피의 ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성검정실험에사용된강피는 2011년 10월에전남광주지역은강진군성전면등 42지역, 전북지역은군산시개정면등 25 지역등전남북벼재배지 67지역에서수집하였다 (Table 1). Table 1. Resistance test for ACCase inhibitory herbicide (cyhalohop-butyl) of Echinochloa oryzicola species collected on Honam area in 2011. Occuring area Elongation rate (%) Untreated 1X u 2X v Regrowth SEx Resistance R y or S z R or S Kwangsan deasan 88.9 97.3 21.9 0.4 R R Kwangsan jisan 95.9 93.2 22.0 0.4 R R Kwangsan myeonghwa 0 0 23.0 0.6 S S Kwangsan samdo 0 0 20.1 2.5 S S Kwangsan sansu 94.7 92.4 22.5 0.4 R R Kwangsan Yogid 0 0 22.8 1.3 S S Kwangsan Yonggok 33.0 1.5 22.9 1.6 R S Kwangsan Yonggok 29.4 0.0 21.3 1.7 R S Seogu seha 0 0 22.4 1.0 S S Seogu seha 65.1 71.6 21.7 0.5 R R Boseong miryeok 0 0 21.3 0.9 S S Boseongup 0 0 21.5 1.4 S S Damyang pyeongchang 0 0 23.0 1.6 S S Damyang subuk 39.3 57.8 23.1 0.6 R R Damyangup 0 0 21.5 0.6 S S Gangjin seongjeon 0 0 22.4 0.3 S S Haenam okcheon 3.1 4.6 21.6 0.1 S S Haenam sani 0 0 21.0 1.3 S S Haenamup 20.0 38.9 23.3 0.6 R R Hampyeong daedong 35.0 35.4 22.4 0.4 R R Hampyeong haebo 0 0 22.2 0.9 S S Hampyeong hakkyo 0 0 20.5 0.7 S S Hampyeong ueolyea 0 0 22.9 1.1 S S Hwasun chunyang 0 0 20.0 1.1 S S Hwasun iyang 0 0 21.5 0.3 S S Hwasunup 1.5 0 21.6 0.1 S S Jangseong hwangr 0 0 22.7 2.6 S S Jangseong hwangryong 0 0 22.3 0.4 S S Jangseong hwangryong 0 0 22.3 0.4 S S Jangseong nam 49.0 35.4 24.5 1.9 R R Jangseongup 0 0 23.5 0.6 S S

호남지역에서제초제저항성강피의발생과방제 34 Table 1. Resistance test for ACCase inhibitory herbicide (cyhalohop-butyl) of Echinochloa oryzicola species collected on Honam area in 2011 (continued). Occuring area Elongation rate (%) Untreated 1X u 2X v Regrowth SEx Resistance R y or S z R or S kokseong okkwa 0 0 20.3 0.8 S S Muan cheonggyeo 0 0 21.8 1.1 S S Muanup 0 0 20.6 1.9 S S Naju bannam 0 0 23.8 1.4 S S Naju moonpyeong 0 0 21.5 1.4 S S Naju seji 0 0 22.3 1.5 S S Naju seokhyeon 0 0 22.1 0.8 S S Naju wanggok 0 0 23.6 1.0 S S Yeongam jong 41.4 30.3 20.8 2.5 R R Yeongkwang bulgab 0.0 0.0 21.3 2.3 S S Yeongkwangup 0 0 22.4 0.7 S S Buan baeksan 82.6 64.0 22.4 1.2 R R Buan baeskan 80.6 86.4 19.1 1.9 R R Buan dongin 66.2 57.4 21.8 0.7 R R Buan julpo 47.3 25.5 22.8 1.5 R R Buan sangseo 43.7 28.5 21.3 1.1 R R Iksan osan 29.3 80.4 22.1 0.6 R R Jeongup goykyodong 0 0 23.6 0.1 S S Jeongup nongsodong 62.5 75.8 21.8 1.6 R R Jeongup gobu 69.5 81.2 21.5 0.3 R R Jeongup imam 0 0 24.0 0.7 S S Jeongup taein 81.9 76.7 21.5 1.6 R R Kimjae hwangsandong 0 0 22.2 1.6 S S Kimjae mankyeongup 56.4 49.7 21.8 2.8 R R Kimjae seongduk 90.1 96.6 19.6 1.7 R R Kimjae seongduk 54.0 69.3 22.6 1.4 R R Kimjae seongduk 72.4 74.3 21.2 2.0 R R Kimjae baeksan 25.6 61.7 22.2 0.9 R R Kimjae bongnam 27.8 44.6 23.8 0.7 R R Kimjae bongnam 29.3 47.1 22.5 0.7 R R Kimjae bongnam 15.2 0 20.9 0.4 S S Kimjae juksan 92.3 88.1 19.1 1.8 R R Kunsan daeya 53.3 82.9 22.4 0.9 R R Kunsan gaejung 62.6 66.9 21.6 1.4 R R Kunsan oksan 47.8 81.5 21.8 0.7 R R Namweon daegang 0 0 20.8 1.6 S S u 1X: 250 g a.i. ha 1, v 2X: 500 g a.i. ha 1, x SE: Standard error, y R: Resistance. z S: Sensitivity. 이들수집강피의 ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성을검정하기위하여종자는 5월 16일에파종하였으며, 검정에사용한제초제는 cyhalohop-butyl의기준량 (250 g a.i ha 1 ) 및배량 (500 g a.i ha 1 ) 을 6월 6일에처리하였다. 검정방법은 Moon et al. (2009) 의 ACCase계저해제저항성피의신속간이검정법을응용하여강피가 4~5엽기까지생장한개체를지제부에서 1cm 정도남기고절단한후수심 3cm 정도의상태에서시험제초제를처리하였으며, 처리후 12 일에경엽이 20% 이상신장률로재생한종을저항성으로, 완전고사한종을감수성으로판단하였다. 저항성종의비율은무처리대비 20% 이상초장신장한종의수 / 전체수집종의수 * 100으로계산하였다. 전체실험은비닐하우스에서수행되었으며, 토양처리실험을위하여제초제처리후수심은 3cm로유지시켰다. 실험은완전임의배치 3반복으로수행하였다. 제초제저항성강피의방제특성벼무논직파재배시 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피의방제특성을구명하기위하여실험에사용된강피는광주광역시광산구에서 2015년에채종한종자를 5-7 o C에서시험전까지보관하였으며, 파종전 2일전에상온상태의물에침종한후실험종자로사용하였다. 벼파종전초기방제특성을구명하기위하여파종전 4일에토양정지와동시에 pretilachlor (560 g a.i. ha 1 ), butachlor (1320g a.i. ha 1 ), oxadiazon (480 g a.i. ha 1 ), oxadiargyl (68 g a.i. ha 1 ), oxadiazon+pretilachlor (240+480 g a.i. ha 1 ), fentrazamide+oxadiargyl (80+52 g a.i. ha 1 ) 및 benzobicyclon (140 g a.i. ha -1 ) 의표준량을처리하였다. 벼에대한약해를검토하기위하여제초제처리후 4일에무논상태에서 1 mm 정도최아된벼 ( 새누리 ) 종자를포트당 10립씩파종하였다. 약해조사는파종후 15일에 0( 약해없음 ) 에서 9( 완전고사 ) 정도로달관조사하였다. 파종후초중기방제특성을구명하기위하여 benzobicyclon+ imazosulfuron+pyriminobac-methyl (250+75+30 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (900+300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (210+300+ 75 g a.i. ha 1 ), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb (210+2,100 g a.i. ha 1 ), fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl (900+210+30 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+imazosulfuron+mefenacet (750+75+1050 g a.i. ha 1 ) 및 bromobutide+imazosulfuron +pyraclonil (900+75+180 g a.i. ha 1 ) 을파종후 10일에담수후처리하였다. 또한담수후중기에저항성강피의방제특성을구명하기위하여 fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl (900+210+30 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+imazosulfuron+mefenacet

35 임일빈 임보혁 박재현 임민혁 김대현 장정한 최경진 (750+75+1050 g a.i. ha 1 ), bromobutide+imazosulfuron+pyraclonil (900+75+180 g a.i. ha 1 ), triafamone+tefuryltrione (49+196 g a.i. ha 1 ) 및 florpyrauxifen-benzyl (37.5 g a.i. ha 1 ) 을파종후 15 일에처리하였다. 후기에방제효과를검토하기위하여파종후 30일에 cyhalofop-butyl (250 g a.i. ha 1 ), cyhalofopbutyl+propanil (225+2,000 g a.i. ha 1 ) 및 florpyrauxifen-benzyl (37.5 g a.i. ha 1 ) 을처리하였다. 토양처리실험을위하여제초제처리후수심은 3cm로유지하였다. 방제효과는무방제 0에서완전고사 9로조사하여 9를방제가 100으로환산하여계산하였다전체실험은비닐하우스내에서수행되었으며, 토양처리실험을위하여제초제처리후수심은 3cm 로유지시켰다. 실험은완전임의배치 3반복으로수행하였다. 제초제저항성강피의방제지속효과 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피에대한방제효과지속성을검토하기위하여 2016년 6월 5일에 oxaziclomefone (60 g a.i ha 1 ), fentrazamide (300 g a.i ha 1 ) 및 mefenacet (1,050 g a.i ha 1 ) 을처리하였으며, 처리시담수심은 5cm 정도이었고, 처리이후에는 3-5 cm 정도로유지하였다. 저항성강피는제초제처리직후부터 10일간격으로 60일까지파종하였다. 실험에사용된강피의종자는 2015년에광주광역시광산구에서채종한것을 5 o C에서건조냉장보관하면서파종 2일전에 5 o C에서침지한후파종하였다. 파종량은 24 18 cm 포트당 40-80립정도이었다. 전체실험은비닐하우스내에서완전임의배치 3반복으로수행하였으며, 방제효과는파종후 10일및 20일에조사하였다 결과및고찰 강피의제초제저항성검정과저항성강피의발생지역전남, 전북벼재배논에서수집한 67종의강피에대하여 ACCase 저해제초제 cyhalohop-butyl에대한저항성을검정한결과 (Table 1), 기준량 (250 g a.i. ha 1 ) 에서 31종이생존하여약 46%, 배량 (500 g a.i. ha 1 ) 에서는 29종이생존하여약 43% 로전체적으로는약 44% 정도가저항성종으로판단되었다. 종자수집시기가벼수확 10-30여일전이었으며, 논전체로보아강피가우점한상태로저항성종으로예상하고채취하였나, 검정결과는약 43% 정도가저항성으로판단되었다. Lee et al. (2012) 이전국논에 5% 정도발생하고있다는보고보다는훨씬높은정도로발생하고있는경향이다. ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피가발생한지역은전북에서는김제, 정읍, 부안, 군산, 익산으로 5개시군이었으며, 광주전남에는담양, 영광, 함평, 나주, 해남, 장성, 광주서구, 광산구등으로 8개시군구이었다. 배량에서도 80% 이상재생률을보인저항성정도가매우강한강 피가발생한지역은전북에서는김제, 정읍, 부안, 군산, 광주전남에서는담양, 광주서구, 광주광산구등이었다. 수집지역중감수성강피만발생한시군은전북은남원, 전남은보성, 강진, 무안, 곡성, 영암이었다. 하지만감수성만발생한시군도보다폭넓게조사하면저항성종이발생할것으로예측된다. 따라서제초제저항성잡초는매년주기적으로조사하여발생지역을파악하여효과적인방제기술을개발하고, 바로농가에기술이보급되어야할것으로사료된다. 특히 ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성인강피는 ALS 저해제초제저항성과살초작용기작이다르기때문에또다른방제체계가요구된다. Lee et al. (2011) 은저항성강피의엽기별로방제효과가있는제초제를검토한결과 2.5엽기에도 mefenacet+pyrazosufuron-ethyl 등은 5 약제는 100% 방제효과가있다고보고한바있다. 그러나이들제초제는모두무논직파재배에등록되지않은것으로서농가에서안전하게사용할수있도록품목등록하는것이시급한실정이다. ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피의방제특성초기처리제초제의강피에대한방제효과벼무논직파시파종전초기토양처리제초제의 ACCase 저해제초제의저항성강피에대한방제효과를검토한결과 (Fig. 1), 발생전 pretilachlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon+pretilachlor, fentrazamide+oxadiargyl의기준량처리에서 100% 방제효과를보였다. 약해를고려하여 1/2량처리에서는 pretilachlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl 의단제처리에서는거의 100% 방제효과를보였으나, oxadiazon+pretilachlor, fentrazamide+oxadiargyl의혼합제처리에서는 80-90% 정도의방제효과를보였다. Benzobicyclon Fig. 1. Weed control effect of herbicides applied four days before direct seeding on cyhalofop-butyl resistant Echinochloa oryzicola. Standard dose: PT; pretilachlor (560 g a.i. ha 1 ), BT; butachlor (1,320 g a.i. ha 1 ), OD; oxadiazon (480 g a.i. ha 1 ), ODG; oxadiargyl (68 g a.i. ha 1 ), OP; oxadiazon+pretilachlor (240+480 g a.i. ha 1 ), FO; fentrazamide+oxadiargyl (80+52 g a.i. ha 1 ), BB; benzobicyclon (140 g a.i. ha 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates.

호남지역에서제초제저항성강피의발생과방제 36 Fig. 2. Damage to rice by the application of herbicides applied before to soil four days of rice seeding. Standard dose: PT; pretilachlor (560 g a.i. ha 1 ), BT; butachlor (1,320 g a.i. ha 1 ), OD; oxadiazon (480 g a.i. ha -1 ), ODG; oxadiargyl (68 g a.i. ha 1 ), OP; oxadiazon+pretilachlor (240+480 g a.i. ha 1 ), FO; fentrazamide+oxadiargyl (80+52 g a.i. ha 1 ), BB; benzobicyclon (140 g a.i. ha 1 ). 의처리는방제효과가낮은경향이었다. 이는 Lee et al. (2011) 등의시험결과와대부분유사한결과를보였으나, pretilachlor처리의방제효과가다소차이가있었는데이는시험환경의차이라고판단되나더욱검토가필요하다고생각된다. 또한방제효과가높은대부분의처리에서벼에대하여경미한약해가있는경향이었다 (Fig. 2). 그러나초기의경미한약해는벼의생육과수량에거의영향을미치지않기때문에직파재배시는어느정도의초기약해는감수해야할것으로사료된다. Fig. 3. Weed control effect of herbicides applied 10 days after direct seeding on cyhalofop-butyl resistant Echinochloa oryzicola. BZIP: benzobicyclon+imazosulfuron+pyriminobacmethyl (250+75+30 g a.i. ha 1 ), BMFI: bromobutide+ fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (900+300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), BZFI: benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (210+300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), PT: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb (210+2,100 g a.i. ha 1 ), FI: fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (300+75 g a.i. haa -1 ), BPP: bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl (900+210+30 g a.i. haa 1 ), BIM: bromobutide+imazosulfuron +mefenacet (750+75+1050 g a.i. haa 1 ), BIP: bromobutide+ imazosulfuron+pyraclonil (900+75+180 g a.i. haa 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. Weed control effect of treated herbicides at 5 days before direct seeding on cyhalofop-butyl resistant Echinochloa oryzicola. 초중기처리제초제의저항성강피에대한방제효과초중기 ( 파종후 10일 ) 처리제초제의제초제저항성강피에대한방제효과를검토한결과 (Fig. 3), benzobicyclon+ imazosulfuron+pyriminobac-methyl 처리를제외한시험제초제 bromobutide+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, benzobicyclon+ fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb, fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, bromobutide+imazosulfuron+ mefenacet 및 bromobutide+imazosulfuron+pyraclonil의처리에서 95% 이상으로매우높은방제효과를보였다. 따라서벼무논직파재배시담수후파종후 10일경에이들제초제의처리로 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피를충분히방제할수있을것으로판단된다. 중기처리제초제의저항성강피에대한방제효과방제효과중기 ( 파종후 15일 ) 처리제초제의제초제저항성강피에대한방제효과를검토한결과 (Fig. 4), bromobutide+ imazosulfuron+mefenacet의처리에서거의 100% 로높은방제효과를보였으며, bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+ pyriminobac-methyl 의처리는 90% 정도, bromobutide+ Fig. 4. Weed control effect of herbicides applied 15 days after direct seeding on cyhalofop-butyl resistant Echinochloa oryzicola. FI: fentrazamide+imazosulfuron (300+75 g a.i. ha 1 ), BPP: bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl (900+210+30 g a.i. ha 1 ), BIM: bromobutide+imazosulfuron+ mefenacet (750+75+1,050 g a.i. ha 1 ), BIP: bromobutide+ imazosulfuron+pyraclonil (900+75+180 g a.i. ha 1 ), TT: triafamone+tefuryltrione (49+196 g a.i. ha 1 ), FB: florpyrauxifenbenzyl (37.5 g a.i. ha 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. imazosulfuron+pyraclonil 및 fentrazamide+imazosulfuron의처리는 80% 이상의방제효과를보였으며, florpyrauxifenbenzyl의처리는강피에대한방제효과가낮은경향이었다. 따라서무논직파재배시파종후 15일경중기에도담수직파에등록되어있는 bromobutide+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+ pyriminobac-methyl, bromobutide+imazosulfuron+pyraclonil 등은사용이가능할것으로사료된다.

37 임일빈 임보혁 박재현 임민혁 김대현 장정한 최경진 Fig. 5. Weed control effect of herbicides applied 30 days after direct seeding on cyhalofop-butyl resistant Echinochloa oryzicola. CB: cyhalofop-butyl (250 g a.i. ha 1 ), CBPF: cyhalofopbutyl+propanil (225+2,000 g a.i. ha 1 ), FB: florpyrauxifen-benzyl (37.5 g a.i. ha 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. 후기처리제초제의저항성강피에대한방제효과후기처리제초제의제초제저항성강피에대한방제효과를검토한결과 (Fig. 5), cyhalofop-butyl+propanil의처리는방제효과가 90% 이상으로높은경향이었다. 이는초기에방제하지못한저항성강피는후기에도충분히방제가가능한결과이다. 광엽 SU계저항성잡초방제에효과가있는신개발제초제 florpyrauxifen-benzyl의처리는 70-80% 정도의방제효과가있었다. 이상의 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피의방제연구결과로보아벼무논직파재배시에도제초제를잘선택하면재배중어느시기에도제초제저항성강피를효과적으로방제할수있을것으로판단되었다. 제초제저항성강피의잔류방제효과몇가지토양처리제초제를처리한후 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피에대한방제효과지속성을검토한결과는다음과같다 (Fig. 6, 7). Oxaziclomefone SC의처리는저항성강피에대하여처리후 40일까지 98% 방제, 50일에 66% 정도의방제효과가있었으며, 처리후 60일이후에는방제효과가낮았다. Fentrazamide SC의처리는처리후 30 일까지 90% 이상의높은방제효과를보였으나, 40일이후에는 50% 이하로방제효과가급격히낮아지는경향을보였다. Mefenacet SC의처리는처리후 20일까지 90% 이상, 30일이후에는 80% 대로점차낮아졌다. 40일에는 50% 이상의방제효과를보였으나, 50일이후에는방제효과가거의없었다. 결과적으로제초제저항성강피에대한실용적인방제효과는 mefenacet는처리후 20-30일간및 fentrazamide SC 는처리후 30일간, oxaziclomefone SC는처리후 40일간정도로이들제초제처리후강피에대한방제효과지속성은 oxaziclomefone > fentrazamide mefenacet의순으로긴경향이었다. 이런결과는저항성강피방제를위하여초기에 Fig. 6. Difference of weeding continuance effects for ACCase inhibitory herbicide resistance Echinochloa oryzicola by some herbicides applied in soil before seeding. % control: 10 days after seeding. Oxaziclomefone SC (60 g a.i ha 1 ), Fentrazamide SC (300 g a.i ha 1 ), Mefenacet SC (1,050 g a.i ha 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. Fig. 7. Difference of weeding continuance effects for ACCase inhibitory herbicide resistance Echinochloa oryzicola by some herbicides applied in soil before seeding. % control: 20 days after seeding. Oxaziclomefone SC (60 g a.i ha 1 ), Fentrazamide SC (300 g a.i ha 1 ), Mefenacet SC (1,050 g a.i ha 1 ). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates. oxaziclomefone을처리할경우본답후기까지방제효과가충분할것으로판단된다. 요 약 본연구는벼재배논에서발생하고있는강피의 ACCase 저해제초제에대한저항성을검정하여발생지역을파악하고, 벼무논직파재배시저항성강피에대한방제특성을구명하고자실시하였다. 그결과, 전남, 전북벼재배논에서수집한 72종의중에서 ACCase 저해제초제 cyhalohopbutyl에대하여약 44% 정도가저항성으로판단되었다. 저항성강피에대하여토양처리제초제의처리시기별로방제효과를보면파종전에 pretilachlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon+pretilachlor, fentrazamide+oxadiargyl 의처

호남지역에서제초제저항성강피의발생과방제 38 리및파종후 10일에 bromobutide+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl +thiobencarb, fentrazamide+imazosulfuron, bromobutide+ imazosulfuron+mefenacet, bromobutide+imazosulfuron+pyraclonil의처리는 95% 이상, 파종후 15일에 bromobutide +imazosulfuron+mefenacet의처리는 95%, bromobutide +pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+pyriminobac-methyl의처리는 90% 정도방제효과를보였다. 파종후 30일에 cyhalofopbutyl+propanil의경엽처리도 90% 이상의방제효과를보였다. 또한저항성강피에대하여토양잔류에의한방제효과를보면 oxaziclomefone는처리후 40일까지 90% 이상방제효과가있었다. 따라서벼무논직파재배논에서도 ACCase 저해제초제저항성강피를효과적으로방제할수가있었다. 주요어 : 강피, 벼, 잡초, 저항성, 제초제 Acknowledgements This work was carried out with support of Cooperative Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01157704) Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. References Aoki, M., Hata, K., Otsuka, K. and Kuramochi, H. 1998. Effect of several herbicides in Lindernia dubia resistant biotype to sulfonylurea herbicides and control of it in paddy fields. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 43(Suppl.):32-33. (In Japanese) Hamamura, K., Takahashi, H. and Muraoka, T. 2001. Occurrence of sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of Monochoria vaginalis Presl. in paddy fields in Ushiku, Japan and a bioassay of sulfonylurearesistance by root diagnosis treated with sulfonylurea herbicides. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 46(Suppl.):16-17. (In Japanese) Hata, K., Otsuka, K., Aoki, M. and Kuramochi, H. 1998. Occurrence of Elatine triandra Sckk., resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 43(Suppl.):28-29. (In Japanese) Heap, I. 2017. The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. Online. www.weedscience.org (Accessed January 24, 2017). Im, I.B., Kang, J.K., Kim, S., Na, S.Y. and Kuk, Y.I. 2003a. Weed control of sulfonylurea resistant Japanese bulrush (Scirpus juncoides) in Korea. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 23(2):92-99. (In Korean) Im, I.B., Kim, S., Kang, J.K. and Na, S.Y. 2003b. Weed control of small flatsedge (Cyperus difformis L.) with resistant response to sulfonylurea herbicides in Korea. KoreanJ. Weed Sci. 23(1):63-70. (In Korean) Im, I.B., Kang, J.G., Kim, S. and Kuk, Y.I. 2004a. Weed control of sulfonylurea resistant Lindernia dubia (L.) pennell in the rice paddy field. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 24(3):7-13. (In Korean) Im, I.B., Kang, J.K. and Kim, S. 2004b. Control strategy of sulfonylurea resistant Monochoria vaginalis according to the growth stage in rice paddy fields. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 24(2):87-92. (In Korean) Im, I.B., Kuk, Y.I., Kang, J.G., Kim, S. and Hwang, J. B. 2005. Resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide of Sagittaria pigmaea Miq. collected in paddy field of Korea and its control. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 25(1):25-35. (In Korean) Im, I.B. 2009. Control and emergence of herbicides resistant Echinochloa oryzicola in paddy field of Korea. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 29(Supp. 2):103-104. (In Korean) Im, S.H., Park, M.W., Yook, M.J. and Kim, D.S. 2009. Resistance ACCase inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl in Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli collected in Seosan, Korea. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 29(2):178-184. Itoh, K., Uchino, A. and Watanabe, H. 1998. A resistant biotype to sulfonylurea in Rotala indica Koehn in Omagari, Akita prefecture. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 43(Suppl.) 40-41. (In Japanese) Itoh, K. and Wang, G.X. 1997a. Occurrence of sulfonylurea resistant Lindernia micrantha D. Don. in Japan. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 42(Suppl.):16-17. (In Japanese) Itoh, K., Uchino, A., Wang, G.X. and Yamakawa, S. 1997b. Distribution of Lindernia spp. resistant biotype to sulfonylurea herbicides in Yuza town, Yamagata prefecture. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 42(Suppl.) 22-23. (In Japanese) Kohara, H., Yamashida, H. and Yamazaki, N. 1996. Resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides in Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack in Hakkaido. J. Weed Sci., Tech. 41(Suppl.):236-237. (In Japanese) Kohara, H., Konno, K. and Takekawa, M. 1998. Occurrence of sulfonylurea resistant Scirpus juncoides ssp. juncoides in Iwamizawa city, Hokkaido prefecture. J Weed Sci Technol 43(Suppl.):36-37. (In Japanese) Kuk, Y.I., Kwon, O.D. and Im, I.B. 2002. Sulfonylurea herbicide resistant Scirpus Juncoides Roxb. in Korean rice culture. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 22(3):296-305. Kuk, Y.I., Kwon, O.D. and Im, I.B. 2004. Effective herbicides by application timing for control of sulfonylurea resistant Monochoria vaginalis, Lindernia dubia, and Rotala indica in wet-seeding and machine transplanting rice culture. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 24(1):30-42. (In Korean) Kwon, O.D., Koo, S.J., Kim, J.S., Lee, D.J., Lee, H.J., et al. 2000. Herbicide response and control of sulfonylurea-resistant

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