3 2004 1,,,, 2 1 1. LCD ( )? () ( ) 2. 100 () () 3. < > (1) (2) (3) ( ) < > < >(1)(3) < > (), (3)< >()? ()... () A. B. C. (3), A, B, A, B, C 4. (), () < >? < >? [2]..,.,,,,,...,,,,,
2 5. < > (1), (2) (3) (4) (1)(3) < >? [2]...,,,, 7. < >?...,,,, 8., A, B, C, D 6. < > (1) (2) A (3) ph. (4) (2), B (5) B, ph < > (3)pH (5)pH 3.2 7.4 7.0 5.7 < >?. B. A B.,,, < >? (, ) [2]. AB. BC CD.,, 9. ABC AB, AC 1 ( ) 2 < >?. B C. BC. 2 1 2,,,,
3 10. (), () 12. () A, B, C, () A, B, C (, A, B, C ) < >? < >? [2]. A. B D.,, 11.. A, B, C. C. AB (- 15), B,,,, 13.? (mm) (mm) (cm 2 ) 25 2 4.5 4 1 20 0.006 0.001 4500 5 0.5 40 30 1.5 18. < >? [2]. A B. C. D.,,,,,, 14.,? 120 m
4 15. 1, 17, 18 1 (, AL, (), () ) 2 3 4 5 1 17 18 A E I 181 1342 B 98 883 C ( ) ( ) D 39 688-220 ( ) F - 102-34 G ( ) 59 H 114 184-249 - 246 J - 189-186 K ( ) - 153 L - 112-108 < >? [2]. 25 2. C, G 63 C. E I. K - 189-153 17. (), () < >? (, ). () ()0. () (). (),,,,, 18. A, B, C, D ( ),,,,,,, 16.? A, B A, C B, C A, C, D B, C, D [2] < >? [2]. B...,,,,,,, 19.? [2] Ab, Dd,
5 20. 8, A, B ( : ) A B NaCl 22.9 25.3 MgCl2 3.2 3.5 MgSO4 ( ) 1.6 CaSO4 ( ) 1.2 ( ) 1.0 ( x ) 32.6 < >? [2]. A. A. A x,,,, 21. < > (1) (Fe) A () () (2) 22., () 15.8 14 15.0 59 5.9 1014 5.3 15 2.0 1.0 < >?.. 5. 1970,,,,, 23. AB A A B B (g) 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 () 20 80 20 20 < >? [2]..., AB,,, < > (), A? A AFeCl2 A. 24., SiO2 7 CaCO3 3 3?
6 25. () (W ) (W ) W (s) W (g ) () (W ) (X 2 ) W (g ) X 2 (g ) W X 2 (g ) () (W X 2 ) (W ) (X 2 ) () (W ) < >? [2]. (). (). () (),,, 27., 12 1 2 (V) (A) (V) (A) 220 3 110 6 < >? [2]. 2 2 6 A. 1 1 2 2. 1 660 Wh,,, 28. A, B, C, db() A B C 1 70 67 64 61 2 73 70 67 64 < >? (, 2 2, ) [2]. A, B, C C 26.,,. B 1 4. 1 AB 64 db,,,, A, B x y < >? (, A ) x y...,,,, 29. < >?.. E C B D A. B C. C B,,,,,,,
7 30. (, Zn > Ni > (H) > Cu, Zn 2, Ni 2, Cu 2 ) ()() < >? [2]. ()(). () (). (). ()() 33.? [2] ( ), [ ] ( ),,,,,,,,, 31. (), () (), 50? () () () 32. < > () () AE? [2] A, E B, D A, C, E B, D, E B, C, D, E 34. < >? ( ) ( )? ( )....,,,,,
8 35.? [2 ] 38.? [2], 36.?,,,, 10 3 ()... 39. < >? () 3 3 ( ) ( ) ( )....,,,,, 37.?,, 40.? [2] 80 cm., 500 ( )
9 41.? [2] 43.? 42.? [2] 44. ( : ) 1961197119811991 1970198019902000 3,080 605 3,685 2,839 1,580 4,419 2,249 3,040 5,289 718 3,485 2,767 6,445 6,002 5,975 2,725 1960, 1990 1980 1990, 40,, (%) 1996 2003 20 50 60 50 32 71 43 52 56 39 45 56 65 42? [2], (FT A) 50 20 50, 50 70%,,,,,
10 45.? [2] 200213,055 :., 47. 2003? 11,,,, 46.? [2] 48. < >? [2] 1 313 [ ], [ ] 5 322, 7 473 3, ( )319....,,,,,,
11 49. < >? < > <(2002)> 51.?,....,,,,, 50.? [2] (1862) 219, ( ), 11 ( ) ( ),, 52.? [2 ] (%). 60 42.8 51.0 6.2 70.9 22.2 6.9 50-59 47.3 44.9 7.8 82.0 15.0 3.0 40-49 49.0 43.4 7.6 84.7 13.0 2.3 30-39 49.2 43.4 7.4 82.8 14.4 2.8 20-29 50.3 42.9 6.8 68.5 25.2 6.3 15-19 51.9 41.4 6.7 58.5 31.4 10.1 53. < >?,,,....,,,,,
12 54.? [2] 57.? [2] () () () ( ) [ ], ( ). ( ) () () ( ) -, - -, - ()()()() ()()()() ()()()() ()()()() ()()()() 55. ()? [2],,. 56.,? 58. < >? ()......,,,,,
13 59. ()()? (),, (),, (),, (), 5, (), 1960, () () () () () 60. <> <>? [2] <> ( ), <>, ( ),,, ( ), 62.?,,, 2,,, 63.? 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 64. ()()? 61.? 3%2( ) 3% 5% 1% 3% () (), () () () ()
14 65.? [2],, ( ) 66. ()(),? [2] (). ( ) (),,,,,? 67.? () ( ), ( ), ( ).. 68.,? [2] 1, 2, 3,,,,,, (1924. 11. 11.) 69.?, 70. < >? 65 ( ) (%) ( ) ( ) (ha) 1990 84,000 5.6 8,900 6,300 7,400 ( ) 2002 (A) 6.9 13,000 4,700 6,300 1990 148,000 11.0 16,500 22,200 22,100 ( ) 2002 96,000 20.5 (B) 16,600 22,600. (A) 1990. (B) 1990. (). ()(),,,,,
15 71.? [2], ( ) 73..? [2],,,, 74.? 31 72. < >?,,,....,,,,, 75.? [2] () () < ( )> < > () ()
16 76.? [2], 5 6 9 79. 10 ( ).? 77.? : :, :. 1980, 1990, 1990 ( ) ( ) 78.? 80.? [2],.. * ( )...