기본서(상)해답Ⅰ(001~016)-OK

Transcription

1 1

2 (1) () 5 () _5 (4) _5_ (5) { } 1 1 { } (6) _5 0 (1), 4 () 10, () 6, 5 0 (1) 18, 9, 6, 18 1,,, 6, 9, () 1,,, 4, 4 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 4 04 (1) () () (4) 1 (5) 05 (1) () () (4) (5) ={ } 1 = 05 (1) 15 1,, 5, () 17 1, () 1 1,, 7, 1 1 (4) 1 1, () ;@;_;@;_;@;={ } = fi = a= fi =4 b=5 a+b=+5=7 1 (1) _5 () 5 () { } { } 1 (4) _7 7 1, 67, 51, 91, ,, 17, , 7, 1, , 11, 11 1, , 7, a, b a_b 1, a, b, a_b a_b _= a_a_a=a ;5!;_;5!;_;5!;_;5!;={;5!;}4= 5_5_5_5=5 0 =8 a=8 =81 b=4 0 (1) 7 () _5 () _5 _11 (4) a+b=8+4=1 04 1,, ,, 7, , 7, 17, , ,, 47, , 7,, , 47-= _11

3 (1) _,, 0 () _7,, 7 0 () 5,,, 5 0 (4) _ _7,,, 7 0 (1) _5 (),1,,5,9,15,45 () 6 04 (1) 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 9, 1, 16, 18, 4, 6, 48, 7, 144 () 1, 5, 7, 5, 5, (1) 6 () (1) 6 () 18 > 84 > 4 > = _ 84= 7 () () (+1)_(1+1)=6() 04 (1) = _ () _ () =5 _7 () _ _ (1) 5+1=6() () (+1)_(+1)_(1+1)=18() 0 (1) > 4 8 () > 9 8 > 4 7 > 4 9 > 1 > 7 > 1 6 (1) 98=_7 > (1), 7 (1) 48= _ (1), () > 1 0 (4) > 1 6 > > 1 6 > 0 > 1 > 1 5 > 7 > 5 (1) 16=_ _7 (1) 10= 5 (1),, 7 (1),, 5 0 (1) > 4 5 > 1 5 > 5 45= _5 1 (1) fl () 5 (1) 8, 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 4 () 1, 1,, 4, 5, 10, 0, 5, 50, 100, 15, 50, 500 () (1) > 6 4 () > 4 0 > > 1 0 > 1 6 > 6 0 > 8 > 0 > 4 > 1 5 > > 5 (1) 64=fl (1) 40= 5 I.

4 7 7= 7 (1) 4 4= _ (+1)_(1+1)=8() _ (1) _5 _ (+1)_(+1)=1() _5 _ > 7 > 9 () 60 60= _ _5 (+1)_(+1)_(1+1)=4() _ =7() (+1)_(+1)=9() (+1)_(1+1)=8() (1+1)_(+1)=6() (1+1)_(1+1)_(+1)=1() = _ _ _5 (+1)_(+1)_(1+1)=4() _ _10= _ 5= _ _5 (4+1)_(+1)_(1+1)=0() _ _1 (+1)_(+1)_(1+1)=4() _ _16= _ _ = _ (7+1)_(+1)=4() _ _7= _ _ = _fi (+1)_(5+1)=4() = 7 84_a= 7_a=b a=_7, 84 7= 7 7= _ _7 =( 7) =4 b=4 a+b=1+4= = _5_7 (+1)_(1+1)_(1+1)=16() 8_å _7 = _å _7 (+1)_(a+1)_(b+1)=4_(a+1)_(b+1) 4_(a+1)_(b+1)=16 (a+1)_(b+1)=4 a, b a+1æ, b+1æ a+1=, b+1= a=1, b=1 ab= = 01 0, (1) 1 () 4 () = _ 144, 0 1,,, yy 5 1, 5, 5 yy 07 (1) = _ (1) 108_a= _ _a=b a= (1) 108_= _ _= _ =(_ ) =18 (1) b=18 (1) a+b=+18=1 () 96 96=fi (1) =4 () = _ _5 4

5 0 a _ _5 a=() a=5 18=_ 18_ =_(), _, _, _4, y 05 (1) 5 > > ()=5_5=5 () > 8 84 > > ()= 7=8 () > 6 60 > 18 0 > ()= =1 (4) > > ()=_=4 01 (1) 1,,, 6, 9, 18 () 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 4 01 () 1,,, 6 (4) 6 (5) 6, 0 1,, 7, (1) 18 () 6 () 1176 (4) 0 05 (1) 5 () 8 () 1 (4) 4 0 A, B 1 1,, 7, (1) _ _ 111 ()= _ =18 () _ _ _ ()= _ _5 =6 () _ _7 _ _ ()= _ _7 =1176 (4) _ _5 _ _5 _ _ ()= _ _5 =0 1 (1) 1 () 1 () 9 (4) (1) _ _5 _ _5 _ ()= _ _5 _7 =1 () _ _5 _ _5_7 _ _ ()= _ _5_7 =1 () > > > ()=_=9 (4) > > > ()=_7= ,,5 1,, yy 1, 5 1, 5 yy yy I. 5

6 5,, 4 _5 _5 (+1)_(1+1)=6() (1) 6 () ,, _7,, _11, y =_ 54 54=_ A= a 6=_ A 1 6=_ 1= _ 4= _ 6= _ 0= _ _5 _ _5_7 _ _5_ ()= _ _5_7 =1 0 _5 _5,5 1,, yy 5 1, 5 yy _5 04 (1) 96 96=fi _ _ _ (+1)_(1+1)=6() () _5_7 _5_7 (+1)_(1+1)_(1+1)=1() 05 _ _5 _ _5 06 _5 01 (1) 4, 8, 1, 16, 0, 4, 8,, 6, 40, y 01 () 5, 10, 15, 0, 5, 0, 5, 40, y 01 () 0, 40, 60, y (4) 0 (5) 0, (6) 0, 0 16,, 48, 64, 80, 96 0 (1),, 5, 10 () 180 () 84 (4) (5) A, B 16, 16,, 48, 64, 80, 96 0 () _ _ _ ()= _ _5 =180 () ()= 7 =84 (4) _ _5 _ _5_ ()= _ _5_7 =50 (5) 5 5_ ()= 5_7 =40 6

7 04 (1) () > 1 0 > 6 15 () 5 = 5=60 > > () 5 > 5 5 = 5 1_1 1 1 =60 () > 6 54 > 18 7 > () = =108 (4) > 48 7 > 4 6 > 1 18 > () = =144 (5) > > > () = 1_7_ =40 (6) > > > () = 5 5 =40 1 (1) 1800 () 70 (1), 70 () 6, 168 (1) () (1) 6 () 4 (1) > > > > > () > > > > ()= () = 4_5_1 =70 ()=_=6 () = 7 1_1 =168 (1) _ _5 _ _5_ 4 > () _ _5 _7= _ _5_ 5_7 () _ _5_11= _ _5 11 () _ _5 = _ _5_ 5 () _ _5= _ _5_ 1 () 4 4= _ () _ =7 7 7, 144 _å _5 _ _5ç _d ()= _ _5 a=1, b= _å _5 _ _5ç _ d ()= _ _5 _7 c=, d=7 a+b+c+d=1+++7=1 1 (1) _ _ _5 _ _ ()= _ _5 =1800 () > > > > () = 4_5 =70 5 _, 6_, 9_ > _ 6_ 9 _ > 6 9 > 1 9 > 1 1 ()= 1_1_=_18 90 _18=90 =5 I. 7

8 10, 0, (1) ( )=()_() G 540=G_90 G=6 () ()=()_() () 8_A=14_84 A=4 () A 14 a () ()=14 a () a=84 a= A=14_=4 14 > 8 A 71 > a = = _5 _ _5 _ _5 _5=_ _5_ 1 _ _5=_ _5_ _ _5=_ _5 _5_7=_ _5_ 7 05 A, B, C 6 6 6, 7, 108, 144, (1), () 18, (1) 14 () 1 07 (1) () 6 () _7=5 0 (1) > > > > > () ()= () = 5 1_7 =840 _ _ _5 _ _5_ ()= _ _5_7 =18 ()= _ _5_7 = _ _7 _ _7_ _ _7= _ _7_ 1 _ _7 = _ _7_ 7 _ _7 = _ _7 7 _ _7 = _ _7_ 7 06 (1) _ a_7 b_ 5 _7 _ ()= _ 5 _7 (1) a=5 (1) _a_7 b _5 _7 _ ()= _5 _7 _11 (1) b= =9 (1) a+b=5+9=14 () å _ _5 _ _c 1111 ()= _ (1) a= () å _ _5 _ _5_ c ()= _ _5_ 7 (1) b=, c=7 a+b+c=++7=1 07 (1) > 4_ 5_ 6 _ > > 5 () ()= 5_=_60 8

9 05 () 180 _60=180 = () ()=()_() N_48=1_144 N=6 () A 18a (1) 540 (1) 540=18 5 (1) a=, _, _5, 5 18 > 6 A 18 > 1 a (1) A a= A=18_=54 () N 1n (1) ()=1_n_4 (1) 144 (1) 1_n_4=144 n= (1) N=1_=6 1 > N 48 1 > n (1) () () (4) 1 0 (1),,, 60 () 60,, 60, 4 0 (1) 8, 6, () 50,, 48 0 (), 48,, (1) 6 () 0 6 (1) 18 () (1) () 8 (1) 10 () , 0, 75 > > , 0, 75 _5=15() > , 7 > , 70 _7=14(cm) 56 14=4(), 70 14=5() 4_5=0() 18, 0 > 18 0 > (18, 0 )= 5=90( ) 90 18=5() 4,,, y > > > , , 6 1, 0, 6 1_5_1=60(cm) 60 1=5(), 60 0=(), 60 6=10() 5 10=150() 5 (1) =16 > > > (1), =189 (1) 16, 189 7=6 (), 5 6-=60(), 95+5=100() > > > I. 9

10 60, 100 5=0() 6 (1) 15, 18 > , (1) 15, 18 _5_6=90-90, - 90, 180, 70, y (1) -=180 =18 () 1, 16, 18 - > > > , 16, 18 1, 16, _4_= , - 144, 88, y, 864, 1008, y (1) (1) -=864 =867 B 5 B 7 (1) _ =(), A 1 A 5 B (1) _ =() B A (1), A 5 5 B (1) A B (1 16 ) 48 (1) = = A (5 5 ) 5 B 1 B () _ =(), A A 5 B 49 B (1) _ =(), _ =() 54 A 108 A (1) B, 54, 108, A 1, 5, 49 B (1) A B (, 54, 108 ) 864 (1) = = A (1, 5, 49 ) 7 8 (1) 18 n 18 n (1) 45 n 45 n (1) n ,, 9 (1) 1, 9 1+9=10 18 () n 18 n 4 (1) n 4 n 6 (1), n 6 n (1) (1) n 18, 4, 6 18, 4, 6 6 1,,, 6 (1) n (1) 1+++6=1 01 > ,, y > > 4 18, 1, , 1, 8 1_=7(cm) 7 18=4(), 7 1=6(), 7 8=9() 4_6_9=16() 0 A, B A B (1) 1,, 4, 8 () : ;$;º: y y 10

11 60 8, _7=40 > 60 8 > 0 14 A 40 60=7() , 60, 45 > > > > (90, 60, 45 )= 5_1 1 =180( ) =4() 04 (1) 4 n 4 n (1) 40 n 40 n (1) n ,, 4, 8 (1) n 1,, 4, 8 B 1 B () _ =(), A 7 A 6 B 15 B () _ =(), _ =() 5 A 4 A () B 7, 5, 4, A 1, 6, 15 B () A B (7, 5, 4 ) 140 () = = A (1, 6, 15 ) 06 > > > , =0(cm) 0 0+1=17() =10() 17_+10_-4=50() 07 y y < 4< y0 < +1 y0 4< +1 y4 5< y0 5< +1 +1, 4, 5, 4, , 10, 180, y 59, 119, 179, y 59 ( )-1 4 (4 ) (5 )-1 (, 4, 5 )-1 (, 4, 5 ) =59 Step 01, : ;7); : > =76 > , > = , 180 = ,, 5, 7, 11, 1, 17, I. 11

12 0 49 1, 7, , 17, 89 7, 71, 97, = _, 81 81= = 5,, = 5_7,, 5, =_ _5,, = _ 1,, yy 1,,, yy _ 06 _ _ (+1)_(1+1)=8() 07 _ _ _5 _ _5_ ()= _ _5_7 ()= _ _5_ _ 5 = 5 _ 1 _ _5 = 5 _ 5 = 5 _ 5 _ _5 = 5 _ 6 09 n 6 n 81 n 81 n n ,, 9 n = _ = _ (4+1)_(1+1)=10() = _ (+1)_(+1)=1() 4= =fi _ (5+1)_(1+1)=1() 5 (+1)_(1+1)_(1+1)=16() 6= = _ (4+1)_(+1)=15() 11 A,, 5 _ A= 5 1 _å _7 _7 _ _b ç _ _b _ ()= _ c= _å _7 _7 _ _b ç _ _b _ ()= _ _5_7 a=4, b=5 a+b+c=4+5+=11 B 1 A B B ;1 8;_ =(), ;1$(;_ =(), A A ;@7*;_ B A =() 1

13 B 18, 1, 7, A 7, 49, 8 B A B (18, 1, 7 ) = =: ;7); : A (7, 49, 8 ) , , 8 6, 8 4-1=4, 48, 7, y =5, 49, 7, y 5 Step mm 6, 18 mm (1) 1 () = _ _5 <60>=(+1)_(+1)_(1+1) =4 1 1= _ <1>=(+1)_(1+1) =6 4 4=fi _7 <4>=(5+1)_(1+1) =1 <60>_<1> <4>=4_6 1 =1 0 6n=1 6 n 1 6 n , 5, 7 n 0 fl =64 a=6 fi =4 b=5 a-b= mm 15 mm 90 15=6() 18 mm 90 18=5() > 6_ 8_ 1 _ > > 4 6 > > 1 1 ()= 1 1 =_ =_4 =5 ()=_=5_= = > 0 4 > _= a=0 6=5 b=4 6=4 a+b=5+4=9 07 ( )=()_() L 475=15_L L=15 08 (1), 4, 5 -, 4, 5, 4, , - 60, 10, 180, y -=10 =1 () () y y4 y5 4< 5< 6< I. 1

14 () y0 4< +1 () +1 4, 5, 6 () 4, 5, , 10, 180, y () 59, 119, 179, y = _7 189_a= _7_a=b a=_ = _7 7= _7 =( _7) =6 b=6 a+b=1+6=84 y0 5< +1 y0 6< , 0, 6 4, 0, 6 4, 0, 6 5_=60 > > > A 60 4=15() 5 11 (5, 8 )=40( ) =7, =10 > 7 10 > > > , 7, 10 7, 10 =4 5 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 4 4 4, 6 4+6= n 16 n n n = _ 4 4= _ n n= _, _, _ 14 A _ _5 =700,, 5 _ _5 =150 Step A, B 7 A=7_a, B=7_b (, a,b, a<b) A, B 70 7_a_b=70 a_b=10 a=1, b=10, A=7, B=70 A, B a=, b=5, A=14, B=5, A+B=14+5=49 0,, 4 > > > =4(), 8-=6(), 56+4=60() 5 4, 6, 60 =1() 14

15 0 a, b 4 a, b 4 1,,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 4 b, c 6 b, c 6 1,,, 4, 6, 9, 1, 18, 6 a, b, c 1,,, 4, 6, , 489, , , > 44 4 > _= =_18 18 > 54 N 90 N=n_18 90=5_ = 5_18 n=, _, _5, 5 71 > n 5 N=_18, 18, _5_18, 5_18 N<100 N=_18= =_ _7 f(16)=(1+1)_(+1)_(1+1) =1, 0 0= _5 f(0)=(+1)_(1+1) =6 f(16) f(0)_f()=1 1 6_f()=1 f()=6 f()=6=5+1 =fi = f()=6=_=_, (1+1)_(+1), (+1)_(1+1), =a _b(a, b ) = _, 6 _=1 07 A, B 4 A=4_a, B=4_b (, a,b, a>b) A, B 60 4_a_b=60 a_b=15 a=15, b=1, A=60, B=4 A-B=8 a=5, b=, A=0, B=1, A=0, B=1 A+B= , , > , 8, 16 5_1_=80(cm) > 5 4 > cm 80 10=8(), 80 8=10(), 80 16=5() 8_10_5=400() B A 1 14 A,B 7 > 1 14 A=7, B=_=6 ;7^; 16 16= _ _ 5 7= _ = =9 _ _ _5 _ _5=1080 I. 15

16 , 6, 60 > > > =1(cm) a= cm 84 1=7() 6 1=() 60 1=5() 7 5=105() b=105 a+b=1+105=117 a b a+b =7 _ 147_=7 =() =, _, _, y _ = ,5, , 5, 8 4, 5, 8 > _5_=40 > , +=40, 80, 10, y +=40 =8, + 4, 5, (15, 8, 1 ) = 5 1 =10( ) 9 10(=) 11 1 > > > > > > 4 > 16 1 =(m) 18 +1=5() 96 +1=4() > _+4_-4=14() ( ) , 60, 90, y =9() 9 7 9=7_

17 (1) +10, -500 () -4, () +05 m, -100 m (4) +15 %, -10 % 0 (1) + () -;1 0; () +.7 (4) (1) 1 () 1 () (4) ( () ( { 0 0 { (1) 5 () -1 () 5, 0, -1 (4) -0.4, 0.05, ;1 0;, -;7@; - - ~ (1) a=-, 5. b= 17 () -. -, -, 5-1, 0, 1, æ, - æ 0 0 A-;(;, B-;#;, C;!;, D;%; , 0, +4, ;4*; -, , ;4*; ;5@;, +4, ;4*; 05 (1) () (4) () ;5@;, , A-;4(;, B-;4#;, C1, D;#;, E 4 (1) a=-, b= () m 05 0, 06 -;%; : º: ;%; : º: -, -1, 0, 1,, II. 17

18 0 (1) +;5&; =;5&; 01 (1) ().5 () ;6%; (4) 8 (1) 0.1 () () ;!;,, ;6%;,.6, (1) +6, -6 () +;%;, -;%; 0 (1) < () < () < (4) > (5) > (6) < 04 0, -;@;, -,.5, , -;!;, +0.5, + 06 (1) - a<4 () - b 5 01 (1) + = () -.5 = () + = (4) -8 =8 6 6 (), 0.1 (1) () -, -, -1, 0, 1,, () : 5 : ;@; =;@;, 0 =0, - =, +4 =4,.5 = , -;@;, -,.5, ()<0<() -8, -;!;, +0.5, + 1 (1) ;7(;, 0, 5., ;5&; () +1.9, -1.9 (1) 0.1 (), 0.1 (1) -, -, -1, 0, 1,, () 5 4 (1) -4 () =-;5*;, y=;5*; 5 6 (1) -;5$; <6 () -< () -5 < (4) -;6%; ;!; 1 (1) -;7(; =;7(;, 0 =0, -5. =5. () : 5 : -, -1, 0, 1, 5 4 (1) 8 () 8_;!;=4 () -4, 4-4 (), y <y, y () : 5 :, y () : 5 :_;!;=;5*; () =-;5*;, y=;5*; 5 ;%;< -7 =7 6 (1) -;5$; æ-;5$; () 6 <6 () -;5$; <6 18

19 () - >- () () -< () -5 æ-5 () < () -5 < (4) -;6%; æ-;6%; () ;!; ;!; () -;6%; ;!; () 4,, 1, 0, ;@;, ;4#;, 5 (1) (1) 5, -4, +, -1, -;4#;, -;@;, 0 06 (1) - æ- (1) 7 <7 (1) - <7 () -;5!; >-;5!; (1) (1) -;5!;< , 05 (1) -4, -1, -;4#;, -;@;, 0, +, 5 () -;@; 05 () 5, -4, +, -1, -;4#;, -;@;, 0 06 (1) - <7 () -;5!;< (1) -, -, -1, 0, 1,, () 7 11 (1) a=-11, b=8 () 6 1 (1) ;&; () =4 -;!; =;!; +;%; =;%; -;@; =;@; +.9 = æ =>- -1 =1>0 05 (1), (1) -4, -1, -;4#;, -;@;, 0, +, 5 () (1) -;@; 07 ;!;=;1 ;, ;@;=;1 ; ;!;<;@; 4.=;1$0@;=: 5 : 4.=: 5 : 0>-;!; -=-: 6 : ->-: 6 : -;4#; =;4#;, -1 =1 -;4#; < a=-, b=1 a<b a > b , -1, -;#;, ;5@; 4 10 (1) 4 () , -, -1, 0, 1,, () ;&; () () ;&; -, -, -1, 0, 1,, 7 7 II. 19

20 11 (1) 11 a=-11, -8 b=8 () a =.5 a=.5 a=-.5 b =.5 b=.5 b=-.5 a+b.5+.5=6 1 (1) (1) : : (1) : :_;!;=;&; (1) -;&;, ;&;;&; () 1 (1) 1_;!;=6 (1) -6, A A + B M ;#;=-;6(;, -;$;=-;6*; -;#;<-;$; 10-5,, 1, 0, 4 M -5, -;4#;, -;@;, 0,1,,4 4 0 B Step 11, 0, , , 11, 1 a=9, b=-1 1 a b 10 a b 4 a, b 4 10_;!;= m+50 m 7æ-7 æ % + % kg-kg a>b a=9, b= , 0, 90 0 Step 04 5 ;7@; 0 1 : 4 : 05 1, ;5@; 6 06 A-;*; B-;$; C-;@; D;!; ;&; ;5$; , (1) 9 () (1) a=-;9@;, b=;9@; () () -1, a<c<b 01 a=-.8 1, ;5@;, 0,.8,, ;!; b=-.8 0

21 0 æ5 -<< ;&; æ-;&; ;5$; ;5$; -;&; ;5$; () () () : 5 : -, -1, 0, 1, ;5!; ;4#; ;5!; ;4#; -, -, -1, 0, 1, ;@; ;4&; ;@; a=- ;4&; b= a + b =+= _;!;=7-7, : 4 :-. 08 (1) 4 () () 4-4, -, -, -1, 0, 1,,, 4 9 () : 5 : 09 () A -1, 0, 1,, () A >, 10 a=, b=- a = b a+b a=1, b=-4 a>b a < b 11 (1) a, b a<b () a, b () ;9$;a, b () ;9$;_;!;=;9@; () a<b a=-;9@;, b=;9@; () a 5 a=-5 a=5 b b=- b= a+b 7 5+=7 = () a =7 a=7 a=-7 () a=7 () () b=-1 () a=-7 () -7 () b= (), b -1, 1 1 -;7*; =-;1!4^;, ;!;=;1 4; -;7*; ;!;, 14 -;1!4%;, -;1!4#;, -;1!4!;, -;1ª4;, -;1 4;, -;1 4;, -;1 4;, ;1 4;, ;1 4;, ;1 4; II. 1

22 1 (), () a -5-5 a=5 (), () c 5 b -5 5<c<b a<c<b Step 01 D 0 A a=9, b= ;4&; ;4&;=;1@!;, -;*; ;*;=;1#@; 06 a =0, b = a=0, b= b=- a>b (a, b) (0, -) a =1, b = a=1 a=-1, b= b=- a>b (a, b) (1, -), (-1, -) a =, b =1 a= a=-, b=1 b=-1 a>b (a, b) (, -1), (, 1) a =, b =0 a= a=-, b=0 a>b (a, b) (, 0) (a, b) 6 ;*;>;4&;, -;*;, +.9.9=;1#0(;, -4;5#; 4;5#;=;1$0^;.9<4;5#; (1) a<0, b>0 () a=-1, b=16-4 0, -4;5#; A 0 B C D A 0 ;!; 5 1,,, 4-4, -, -, -1, 1,,, () a (), () a -7, -8, -9 () a=-8 05 a>b a>0, b<0 a b a b, a b 1a, b A, B B - 0 a=9, b=- A ;(; -;!; ;(; a=5 -;!; b=-4 a + b =5+4=9-1 10_;!;= ;1 1;, : 4ª:, 0.9, 5 4 a=4 -, -4.5, -;5!; b= 5 5 ;1 1;, -4.5, : 4ª:,

23 0.9, -;5!; 5 c=5 a+b+c=4++5=1 a 1 b 1 c a+b+c (1) +, +, 9 () -, +, 5, -, 8 01 () 9, +, 9, +, ;%; (4) 8, -, 8, -, ;1!!; 4 -;!; 1;5#; ;!; 1;5#; -, -1, 0, 1-5 (1) () a, b () a b 4 a<0, b>0 () () a b 4 a, b 4 a, b () 4_;!;=1 () a=-1, b=1 6 a -4-4 a< a, b a, b 4 a -4, -, -, -1, 0, 1 a > -4 a a 5 0 (1) -, -,, -, 4 () +, -, 4, +, 5 01 () 10, -, 10, 7, -, ;4#; 0 (1) +1 () -1 () - (4) (5) -;1!5#; (6) -5 (7) -6.1 (8) +;1 ; 01 (9) -;1 4; (10) -;ª0; 04 (1) - () - () +;6&; (4) -1 0 (1) (+6)+(+7)=+(6+7)=+1 () (-8)+(-5)=-(8+5)=-1 () (-11)+(+9)=-(11-9)=- (4) (-)+(+1)=+(1-)= (5) {- }+{- }={- }+{- } (5) {- }+{- }=-{ + }= (6) (-0.5)+(-4.5)=-( )=-5 (7) (+11.4)+(-17.5)=-( )= (8) {- }+{+ }={- }+{+ } (5) {- }+{- }=+{ - }= (9) (-0.5)+{+ }={- }+{+ } () (-0.5)+{+ }={- }+{+ } () (-0.5)+{+ }=-{ - }= (10) {+ }+{- }={+ }+{- } (10) {- }+{- }=-{ - }= (1) (-10)+(+)+(+6) () =(-10)+{(+)+(+6)} () =(-10)+(+8)=- II.

24 () (-7)+(+14)+(-10) () =(-7)+(-10)+(+14) () ={(-7)+(-10)}+(+14) () =(-17)+(+14)=- 1 () {- }+{+ }+{+ } () ={- }+{+ }+{+ } () =[{- }+{+ }]+{+ } () ={+ }+{+ } 4 7 () ={+ }+{+ }= (4) {+ }+(-)+{+ } () ={+ }+{+ }+(-) () =[{+ }+{+ }]+(-) 4 4 (4) (+.1)+(-4.)=-(4.-.1)=-. (1) (+7)+(-)+(-7) =(-)+(+7)+(-7) =(-)+{(+7)+(-7)} =(-)+0=- () (-9.4)+(+.7)+(+6.)+(-1.9) =(-9.4)+(-1.9)+(+.7)+(+6.) ={(-9.4)+(-1.9)}+{(+.7)+(+6.)} =(-11.)+(+9.9)= () {+ }+{- }+{- }+{+ } 5 1 () ={+ }+{- }+{- }+{+ } 5 1 () =[{+ }+{- }]+[{- }+{+ }] () =(-1)+(+1)=0 () =(+)+(-)=-1 1 (1) +5 () -18 () -5 (4) + (1) +;@1#; () -;!1&; () -;6!; (4) -. (1) - () -1.4 () (1) +, -, -, +, 5, -, 8 01 () +, +, +, 8, -, 5, +, 01 () +, +,, -,, -, ;6!; 1 (1) (+9)+(+6)=+(9+6)=+5 () (-1)+(-5)=-(1+5)=-18 () (-1)+(+7)=-(1-7)=-5 (4) (+16)+(-1)=+(16-1)= (1) {+ }+{+ }={+ }+{+ } () {+ }+{+ }=+{ + }= () {- }+{- }={- }+{- } () {+ }+{+ }=-{ + }= () {- }+{+ }={- }+{+ } () {+ }+{+ }=-{ - }= (1) -4 () -14 () +: 6 : (4) -;1 0; 0 (1) +9 () + () (1) +4, -4, -4, -4, () +;4!;, -; 0;, -; 0;, -; 0;, -;!0%;, -; 0; 0 (1) (+8)-(+1)=(+8)+(-1)=-(1-8) =-4 () (-7)-(+7)=(-7)+(-7)=-(7+7) =-14 () {+;6%;}-{-;$;}={+;6%;}+{+;$;} () {+;6%;}-{-;$;}={+;6%;}+{+;6*;} () {+;6%;}-{-;$;}=+{;6%;+;6*;}=+: 6 : 4

25 (4) {-;!;}-{-;5!;}={-;!;}+{+;5!;} () {+;6%;}-{-;$;}={-;1 0;}+{+;1 0;} () {+;6%;}-{-;$;}=-{;1 0;-;1 0;}=-;1 0; 0 (1) (-)+(+5)-(-6) () =(-)+(+5)+(+6) () =(-)+{(+5)+(+6)} () =(-)+(+11)=+9 () (+.5)-(+.8)-(-5.5)+(-.) () =(+.5)+(-.8)+(+5.5)+(-.) () =(+.5)+(+5.5)+(-.8)+(-.) () ={(+.5)+(+5.5)}+{(-.8)+(-.)} () =(+8)+(-6)=+ 1 1 () {+ }+{- }-{- }-{+ } 1 1 () ={+ }+{- }+{+ }+{- } 1 1 () ={+ }+{+ }+{- }+{- } 1 1 () =[{+ }+{+ }]+[{- }+{- }] () =(+)+(-1)=+1 1 (1) +6 () + () -18 (4) +0 (1) +.5 () +;#; () -;%; (1) -.6 () +;1!!; 4 (1) -1 () ;4!; 5 (1) -8 () 14 () -;1 5; (4) -;&; 6 (1) 10 () ; 0; 1 (1) (+17)-(+11)=(+17)+(-11) =+(17-11)=+6 () (-1)-(-15)=(-1)+(+15) =+(15-1)=+ () (-6)-(+1)=(-6)+(-1) =-(6+1)=-18 (4) (+9)-(-11)=(+9)+(+11) =+(9+11)=+0 (1) (-.)-(-6.8)=(-.)+(+6.8) =+(6.8-.)= () {+ }-{- }={+ }+{+ } 6 6 () {+ }+{+ 4 5 }={+ }+{+ } 6 6 () {+ }+{ }=+{ + }=+ = () {- }-{+ }={- }+{- } 6 6 () {+ }+{ }={- }+{- } 6 6 () {+ }+{ }=-{ + }=- = (1) (+1.8)-(+.)+(-.1) =(+1.8)+(-.)+(-.1) =(+1.8)+{(-.)+(-.1)} =(+1.8)+(-5.4)=-.6 7 () {- }-{- }+{- } 4 7 (4) ={- }+{+ }+{- } 4 7 (4) ={- }+[{+ }+{- }] (4) ={- }+{+ }={- }+{+ } (4) = (1) =(-5)+(+4)-(+1)+(+7)+(+6) =-(+1) =(-5)+(+4)+(-1)+(+7)+(+6) =+(-1) =(-5)+(-1)+(-1)+(+4)+(+7) =+(+6) ={(-5)+(-1)+(-1)}+{(+4)+(+7) = +(+6)} =(-0)+(+17)=-1 () -;4#;+;!;-;!;+;6%; () ={-;4#;}+{+;!;}-{+;!;}+{+;6%;} () ={-;1ª;}+{+;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{+;1!);} () ={-;1ª;}+{-;1 ;}+{+;1 ;}+{+;1!);} 5 II. 5

26 () =[{-;1ª;}+{-;1 ;}]+[{+;1 ;}+{+;1!);}] () ={-;1!#;}+{+;1!^;}=;1 ;=;4!; 5 (1) (-6)+(-)=-8 () 9-(-5)=(+9)+(+5)=14 () {-;@;}-{-;5!;}={-;1!5);}+{+;1 5;}=-;1 5; (4) (-)+{-;!;}={-;^;}+{-;!;}=-;&; 6 (1) (1) -8=-6 (1) =-6+8=(-6)+(+8)= (1) (1) +8=10 () (1) -;5!;=-;4!; (1) =-;4!;+;5!;={-; 0;}+{+; 0;} (1) =-; 0; (1) (1) -; 0;+;5!;={-; 0;}+{+; 0;}=; 0; (4) (-41)+(-6)=-(41+6)=-67 (5) (+8)-(+5)=(+8)+(-5)=+(8-5)=+ (6) (-16)-(+10)=(-16)+(-10) =-(16+10)=-6 (7) (+5)-(-18)=(+5)+(+18) =+(5+18)=+70 (8) (-1)-(-40)=(-1)+(+40) =+(40-1)=+19 0 (1) {-;6%;}+{+;9&;}={-;1!8%;}+{+;1!8$;} (6) {-;6%;}+{+;9&;}=-{;1!8%;-;1!8$;}=-;1 8; () (+)-{-;4!;}=(+)+{+;4!;} (4) (+)-{-;4!;}={+: 4 :}+{+;4!;} (4) (+)-{-;4!;}=+{: 4 :+;4!;}=+: 4 : () {-;6%;}-{-;&;}={-;6%;}+{+;&;} () {-;6%;}-{-;@;}={-;6%;}+{+: 6 :} () {-;6%;}-{-;@;}=+{: 6 :-;6%;} () {-;6%;}-{-;@;}=+;6(;=+;#; (4) {-;6!;}-{-;4#;}={-;6!;}+{+;4#;} (4) {-;6!;}-{-;4#;}={-;1 ;}+{+;1ª;} 01 (1) +16 () +7 () +18 (4) (5) + (6) -6 (7) +70 (8) (1) -;1 8; () +: 4 : () +;#; (4) +;1 ; 01 (5) +;!; (6) -: º: (7) +4 (8) +;1 ; 0 (1) -8 () -5 () -8 (4) -8 (5) (6) -9 (7) 4 (8) 10 (9) (1) +;@; () + () -;4&; (4) 0 (5) : 5 : 01 (6) -;!; (4) {-;6!;}-{-;4#;}=+{;1ª;-;1 ;}=+;1 ; (5) {+;7@;}-{-;1 4;}={+;7@;}+{+;1 4;} (7) {+;7@;}-{-;1 4;}={+;1 4;}+{+;1 4;} (7) {+;7@;}-{-;1 4;}=+{;1 4;+;1 4;}=+;1 4;=+;!; (6) {-;!;}+(-1)={-;&;}+{-;#;} (1) {-;!;}+(-1)=-{;&;+;#;}=-: º: (7) (+.5)-{-1;!;}=(+.5)+{+1;!;} 01 (1) (+9)+(+7)=+(9+7)=+16 () (-8)+(+15)=+(15-8)=+7 () (+5)+(-17)=+(5-17)=+18 () (+.5)-{-1;!;}={+;%;}+{+;#;} () (+.5)-{-1;!;}=+{;%;+;#;}=+;*;=+4 6

27 (8) (9) ;} (9) ;}=+;1 ; 0 (1) (+9)+(-1)-(+5) (1) =(+9)+(-1)+(-5) (1) =(+9)+{(-1)+(-5)} (1) =(+9)+(-17)=-8 () (-1)+(+15)-(+8)-(-9) (1) =(-1)+(+15)+(-8)+(+9) (1) =(-1)+(-8)+(+15)+(+9) (1) ={(-1)+(-8)}+{(+15)+(+9)} (1) =(-9)+(+4)=-5 () (+15)-(+8)+(-1)-(-6) (1) =(+15)+(-8)+(-1)+(+6) (1) =(+15)+(+6)+(-8)+(-1) (1) ={(+15)+(+6)}+{(-8)+(-1)} (1) =(+1)+(-9)=-8 (4) (-9)-(+4)-(+11)+(+16) (1) =(-9)+(-4)+(-11)+(+16) (1) ={(-9)+(-4)+(-11)}+(+16) (1) =(-4)+(+16)=-8 (5) (-8)+(+6)-(-11)-(+7)+(-1) (1) =(-8)+(+6)+(+11)+(-7)+(-1) (1) =(-8)+(-7)+(-1)+(+6)+(+11) (1) ={(-8)+(-7)+(-1)}+{(+6)+(+11)} (1) =(-8)+(+17)=-11 (6) (1) =(-5)-(+9)+(+7)-(+) (1) =(-5)+(-9)+(+7)+(-) (1) =(-5)+(-9)+(-)+(+7) (1) ={(-5)+(-9)+(-)}+(+7) (1) =(-16)+(+7)=-9 (7) () =(+6)-(+9)+(+1)-(+5) () =(+6)+(-9)+(+1)+(-5) () =(+6)+(+1)+(-9)+(-5) () ={(+6)+(+1)}+{(-9)+(-5)} () =(+18)+(-14)=4 (8) (4) =(+8)-(+)-(+5)+(+9) (4) =(+8)+(-)+(-5)+(+9) (4) =(+8)+(+9)+(-)+(-5) (4) ={(+8)+(+9)}+{(-)+(-5)} (4) =(+17)+(-7)=10 (9) () =(+15)-(+)-(+4)-(+8)+(+19) () =(+15)+(-)+(-4)+(-8)+(+19) () =(+15)+(+19)+(-)+(-4)+(-8) () ={(+15)+(+19)}+{(-)+(-4)+(-8)} () =(+4)+(-44)= (1) {+;$;}+{-;!;}+{+;#;}-{+;%;} () ={+;$;}+{-;!;}+{+;#;}+{-;%;} () ={+;$;}+{-;%;}+{-;!;}+{+;#;} () =[{+;$;}+{-;%;}]+[{-;!;}+{+;#;}] () ={-;!;}+(+1)={-;!;}+{+;#;}=+;@; () (+.5)-(+.8)-(-5.5)+(-.) () =(+.5)+(-.8)+(+5.5)+(-.) () =(+.5)+(+5.5)+(-.8)+(-.) () ={(+.5)+(+5.5)}+{(-.8)+(-.)} () =(+8)+(-6)=+ () {-;!;}-{+;!;}+{+;@;}-{+;6!;}+{-1;1 ;} (4) ={-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{+;1 ;}+{-;1 ;} (4) =+{-;1!&;} (6) ={-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{-;1!&;} (4) =+{+;1 ;} (6)=[{-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{-;1!&;}] (6)=+{+;1 ;} (6) ={-;1@(;}+{+;1 ;}=-;1@!;=-;4&; (4) ;4!;-;@;-{-;4#;}+{-;!;} (1) ={+;4!;}-{+;@;}-{-;4#;}+{-;!;} (1) ={+;4!;}+{-;@;}+{+;4#;}+{-;!;} (1) ={+;4!;}+{+;4#;}+{-;@;}+{-;!;} II. 7

28 (1) (1) =(+1)+(-1)=0 (5) (-)-{-;5$;}+6-;5!; (4) =(-)-{-;5$;}+(+6)-{+;5!;} (4) =(-)+{+;5$;}+(+6)+{-;5!;} (4) =(-)+(+6)+{+;5$;}+{-;5!;} (4) ={(-)+(+6)}+[{+;5$;}+{-;5!;}] 0 {-;!;}+{+;4#;}={-;4@;}+{+;4#;}=+;4!; (-)-(+.7)=(-)+(-.7)=-5.7 {-;4#;}-{-;!;}={-;4#;}+{+;!;}={-;4#;}+{+;4@;} {-;4#;}-{-;!;}=-;4!; {-;6!;}+{-;@;}={-;6!;}+{-;6$;}=-;6%; (-)-{+;7#;}=(-)+{-;7#;} (-)-{+;7#;}={-: 7 :}+{-;7#;}=-: 7 : (4) =(+)+{+;5#;}={+: 5 :}+{+;5#;}=: 5 : (6) ;6&;-;1 ;+;4!;-;!;-;6%; () ={+;6&;}-{+;1 ;}+{+;4!;}-{+;!;}-{+;6%;} () ={+;1!$;}+{-;1 ;}+{+;1 ;}+{-;1 ;} () =+{-;1!);} () ={+;1!$;}+{+;1 ;}+{-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;} () =+{-;1!);} () =[{+;1!$;}+{+;1 ;}]+[{-;1 ;}+{-;1 ;} () = +{-;1!);}] () ={+;1!&;}+{-;1@#;}=-;1 ;=-;!; 04 (1) (4) =(-7)+(+1)-(+)+(+9)-(+) (4) =(-7)+(+1)+(-)+(+9)+(-) (4) ={(-7)+(-)+(-)}+{(+1)+(+9)} (4) =(-1)+(+10)=- () -;!;-;6!;+ (4) =(+)-{+;!;}-{+;6!;}+(+) (4) =(+)+{-;6@;}+{-;6!;}+(+) (4) ={(+)+(+)}+[{-;6@;}+{-;6!;}] (4) =(+5)+{-;!;}={+: º:}+{-;!;} (4) =;(; 05 (1) {-;#;}+4-;%;-{-;4%;}-{+;8#;} (1) ={-;#;}+(+4)-{+;%;}-{-;4%;}-{+;8#;} (1) - () ;(; 05 (1) ;8&; () 0 () -;5$; ;&; 08 (1) -;1!&; () ;8(; 09 (1) 7 () ;&; 10 : 5 : (+5)-(-1)=(+5)+(+1)=+6 (-)-(+4)=(-)+(-4)=-6 (-4)-(-)=(-4)+(+)=-1 (+)+(-7)=-5 (+)-(-)=(+)+(+)=+5 (1) ={-: 8 :}+{+: 8 :}+{-: 8º:}+{+: 8º:}+{-;8#;} (1) =[{-: 8 :}+{-: 8º:}+{-;8#;}] (1) =+[{+: 8 :}+{+;: 8º:}] (1) ={-: 8 :}+{+: 8 :}=;8&; () -;4!;+;@; - ;!;-;4#; (1) = {-;4!;}+{+;@;} - {+;!;}-{+;4#;} (1) = {-;1 ;}+{+;1 ;} - {+;1 ;}+{-;1ª;} 8

29 (1) = +;1 ; - -;1 ; (1) =;1 ;-;1 ;=0 () -;4#;-[-;5!;-{-;4#;+;!;}] (1) ={-;4#;}- {-;5!;}-[{-;4#;}+{+;!;}] (1) ={-;4#;}- {-;5!;}-[{-;4#;}+{+;4@;}] (1) ={-;4#;}-[{-;5!;}-{-;4!;}] (1) ={-;4#;}-[{-; 0;}+{+; 0;}] (1) ={-;4#;}-{+; 0;}={-;!0%;}+{-; 0;} (1) b=-;4&; (1) a+b=;!;+{-;4&;}={+;1 ;}+{-;1@!;} (1) a+b=-;1!&; () a=;@;-;6!;={+;@;}-{+;6!;}={+;@;}+{-;6!;} () a={+;6$;}+{-;6!;}=;6#;=;!; (1) b=-;8#;+{-;4!;}={-;8#;}+{-;8@;}=-;8%; (1) a-b=;!;-{-;8%;}={+;!;}+{+;8%;} (1) a-b={+;8$;}+{+;8%;}=;8(; (1) =-;!0^;=-;5$; 06 {-;!;}+5-{-;!;}+ =6 {-;!;}+(+5)+{+;!;}+ =6 {-;6@;}+{+: 6º:}+{+;6#;}+ =6 {-;6@;}+[{+: 6º:}+{+;6#;}]+ =6 {-;6@;}+{+: 6 :}+ =6, {+: 6 :}+ =6 =6-{+: 6 :}=(+6)+{-: 6 :} ={+: 6 :}+{-: 6 :}=;6%; 07 A=-: º:, B=+;6!; A-B={-: º:}-{+;6!;}={-: º:}+{-;6!;} A-B={-: 6º:}+{-;6!;} A-B=-: 6 :=-;&; 08 (1) a=1+{-;@;}=(+1)+{-;@;} (1) a={+;#;}+{-;@;}=;!; (1) b=-+;4!;=(-)+{+;4!;}={-;4*;}+{+;4!;} 09 (1) a= -5 =5, b=- (1) a-b=5-(-)=(+5)+(+)=7 () a a=+ a=- () b ;!; b=+;!; b=-;!; () a=+, b=+;!; () a-b=(+)-{+;!;}=(+)+{-;!;} () a-b={+;^;}+{-;!;}=;%; () a=+, b=-;!; () a-b=(+)-{-;!;}=(+)+{+;!;} () a-b={+;^;}+{+;!;}=;&; () a=-, b=+;!; () a-b=(-)-{+;!;}=(-)+{-;!;} () a-b={-;^;}+{-;!;}=-;&; () a=-, b=-;!; () a-b=(-)-{-;!;}=(-)+{+;!;} () a-b={-;^;}+{+;!;}=-;%; () ~ a-b ;&; 10 +{-;#;}=;5&; II. 9

30 =;5&;-{-;#;}={+;5&;}+{+;#;} () {-;5#;}_{-;9%;}=+{;5#;_;9%;}=+;!; () (+15)_{-;6%;}=-{15_;6%;}=-: : ;1@0(;-{-;#;}={+;1@0(;}+{+;#;} ;1@0(;-{-;#;}={+;1@0(;}+{+;1!0%;}=;1$0$;=: 5 : 11 0+(-1)+(-)+10=0+(-1)+(-)+(+10) =7 7 A+(-4)+5+0=7 A+(-4)+(+5)+0=7, A+(+1)=7 A=(+7)-(+1)=(+7)+(-1)=6 A+(-)+B+10=7 (+6)+(-)+B+(+10)=7 {(+6)+(+10)}+(-)+B=7 (+16)+(-)+B=7, (+1)+B=7 B=(+7)-(+1)=(+7)+(-1)=-6 A-B=6-(-6)=(+6)+(+6)=1 (4) (-.5)_(+0.6)=-(.5_0.6)= (1) ;5!;_{-;4#;}_(-0)=+{;5!;_;4#;_0}=+ () (-4)_(-6)_{-;1 ;}=-{4_6_;1 ;}=-10 () {-;@;}_(+10)_{-;4#;}=+{;@;_10_;4#;}=+5 (4) (-6)_4_(-5)_(-)=-(6_4_5_) = (4) (-4) =+4 =+16 (5) (-4) =-4 =-64 (7) {-;!;} =+{;!;} 1 =+ =+;4!; (8) {-;!;} =-{;!;} 1 =- =-;8!; (9) {-;@;} =+{;@;} =+ =+;9$; 0 1 (1) +6 () -5 () 0 (4) -100 (5) (1) +1 () +4 () -0 (4) (1) +;!; () +;!; () -: : (4) (1) + () -10 () +5 (4) (1) +1 () -1 () +1 (4) +16 (5) (6) -16 (7) +;4!; (8) -;8!; (9) +;9$; 01 (1) (+7)_(+)=+(7_)=+1 () (-1)_(-)=+(1_)=+4 () (+5)_(-6)=-(5_6)=-0 (4) (-15)_(+4)=-(15_4)=-60 0 (1) {+;5#;}_{+;6%;}=+{;5#;_;6%;}=+;!; (1) +10 () () -;!; (4) +;*; 4 (1) +10 () -75 () -4 5 (1) -4 () -15 () - (4) +6 6 (1) +;9!; () -;6@4&; () (1) -6 () -15 () -4 8 (1) -4 () -7 1 (1) (+1)_(+)=+(1_)=+6 () (+5)_(-5)=-(5_5)=-5 (4) (-5)_(+4)=-(5_4)=-100 (5) (-1)_(-6)=+(1_6)=+78 (1) (+.5)_(+4)=+(.5_4)=+10 () (-.)_(+0.)=-(._0.)=-0.64 () {+;@;}_{-;4#;}=-{;@;_;4#;}=-;!; 0

31 (4) {-;5$;}_{-: º:}=+{;5$;_: º:}=+;*; 4 (1) (-)_(-5)_(+)_(+7) () =+(_5 7)=+10 () (-.5)_(-7.5)_(-4) 8 (1) a_(b+c)=a_b+a_c =+(-7)=-4 () a_(b+c)=a_b+a_c=- a_b=5 5+a_c=- a_c=--5=-7 () =-{;1@0%;_;1&0%;_4}=-75 () 16_{-;!;}_{-;8#;}_(-) () =-{16_;!;_;8#;_}=-4 5 (1) -(-) =-(+ )=-4 () (-5) =-5 =-15 () (-1) -(-1) -1 fi () =(-1)-(+1)-1 () =(-1)-(+1)-(+1) () =(-1)+(-1)+(-1)=- (4) (-) =+ =+9, (-) =+ =+4, () (-) =- =-7 () (-) - +(-) -(-) () =(+9)-4+(+4)-(-7) () =(+9)-(+4)+(+4)-(-7) () =(+9)+(-4)+(+4)+(+7) () =+6 6 (1) {-;!;} =+{;!;} 1 =+ =+;9!; () {-;4#;} =-{;4#;} =- =-;6@4&; 4 () (-) _{-;#;} _{-;@;} () =(- )_{+ }_{+ } () =(-8)_{+;1*6!;}_{+9$;} (4) =-{8_;1*6!;_;9$;}=-18 7 (1) 7_[{-;!;}+;4!;]=7_{-;!;}+7_;4!; (4) 7_[{-;!;}+;4!;]=-4+18=-6 () (-1)_+7_=(-1+7)_ (4) (-1)_+7_=(-5)_=-15 ().4_(-4.)+.4_(-5.8) (4) =.4_( )=.4_(-10) (4) = (1) +7 () +9 () -8 (4) -7 0 (1) ;5^; () -: 7 : () 1 (4) -;5!; (5) ;5$; 05 (6) -: 7º: 0 (1) +;5^; () +;5#; () -;&; (4) -;1 0; (5) - 04 (1) ;ª5; () -: 8 : () ;6!; (4) : 9º: (5) (1) (+8) (+4)=+(8 4)=+7 () (-6) (-4)=+(6 4)=+9 () (+56) (-7)=-(56 7)=-8 (4) (-4) (+6)=-(4 6)=-7 0 (5) 1;4!;=;4%; ;5$; (6) -0.7=-;1 0; -: 7º: 0 (1) {-;5$;} {-;@;}={-;5$;}_{-;#;}=+{;5$;_;#;} (5) {+;#;} {+;%;}=+;5^; () {+;#;} {+;%;}={+;#;}_{+;5@;}=+{;#;_;5@;} (5) {+;#;} {+;%;}=+;5#; () (+) {-;7(;}=(+)_{-;9&;}=-{_;9&;} () (+) {-;7(;}=-;&; (4) {-;5@;} (+4)={-;5@;}_{+;4!;}=-{;5@;_;4!;} (4) {-;5@;} (+4)=-;1 0; II. 1

32 (5) (+0.6) {-;5!;}={+;5#;}_(-5)=-{;5#;_5} (5) (+0.6) {-;5!;}=- 04 (1) {+;5#;} {-;9%;}_{-;!;} (5) ={+;5#;}_{-;5(;}_{-;!;}=+{;5#;_;5(;_;!;} (5) =;ª5; () (-7) {-;%;}_{-: 8 :} (5) =(-7)_{-;5#;}_{-: 8 :}=-{7_;5#;_: 8 :} (5) =-: 8 : () {-;7#;} (+9)_{-;&;} () 5-_[(-) +4 {-;5@;}] (5) =5-_[16+4 {-;5@;}] (5) =5-_[16+4_{-;%;}] Å c (5) =5-_{16+(-10)} (5) =5-_6 (5) =5-1 (5) =-7 (5) ={-;7#;}_{+;9!;}_{-;&;}=+{;7#;_;9!;_;&;} (5) =;6!; (4) _{-;$;} {-;5^;}=4_{-;$;}_{-;6%;} (5) {-;$;} {-;5^;}=+{4_;$;_;6%;}=: 9º: (5) (-) _;4%; {-;!;}=(-8)_;4%;_(-) (5) (-) _;4%; {-;!;}=+{8_;4%;_}=0 1 (1) +4 () +7 () -6 (4) -1 (1) -;5^; () - (1) -;$; () + () 0 (4) -9 4 (1) () -;1$6(; () -; 0; 5 (1) 1 () -;8 1; () ;&; 05 (1) (-) _{-;8!;}+;4%;=(-8)_{-;8!;}+;4%; (5) =1+;4%; (5) =;4(; () -{-;5!;}_[1+{;!;-;!;}] (5) =-{-;5!;}_[1+{-;6!;}] (5) =-{-;5!;}_;6%; (5) =+;6!; (5) =: 6 : 6 (1) -5 () -;@; 7 a>0, b>0, c<0 8 1 (1) (+8) (+7)=+(8 7)=+4 () (-6) (-9)=+(6 9)=+7 () (+78) (-1)=-(78 1)=-6 (4) (-96) (+8)=-(96 8)=-1 (1) 1;@;=;%; ;5#; a=;5#; () -0.5=-;!; - b=- () a_b=;5#;_(-)=-{;5#;_}=-;5^; () ;A; ;a@; ;a@;=-=-;1@; () a=-1 () ;b#; ;B; ;B;=-;@; b=- () a+b=-1+(-)=-

33 (1) ;9*; () {-;!;} {-;6!;}={-;!;}_(-6) () {-;!;} {-;6!;}=+{;!;_6}=+ (4) (-7) {-;1 ;} {-;$;} () =(-7)_{-: 7 :}_{-;4#;}=-{7_: 7 :_;4#;} () =-9 4 (1) {-;6%;} ;@;_{-;5*;}={-;6%;}_;#;_{-;5*;} () {-;6%;} ;@;_{-;5*;}=+{;6%;_;#;_;5*;}= () (-7)_{-;1 ;} {-;$;} () =(-7)_{-;1 ;}_{-;4#;}=-{7_;1 ;_;4#;} () =-;1$6(; () {-;!;} _{-;5#;} {-;#;} _(-1) () ={-;8!;}_{-;5#;} ;4(;_(-1) () ={-;8!;}_{-;5#;}_;9$;_(-1) () =-{;8!;_;5#;_;9$;_1}=-; 0; 5 (1) _(-1) -;(; [5_{-;!;}+1] () =_(-1)-;(; [5_{-;!;}+1] () =_(-1)-;(; {-;%;+1} () =_(-1)-;(; {-;#;} () =--;(;_{-;@;}=-+=1 () - {(-)+(-) _}_{-;!;} () =-8 {(-)+4_}_;9!; () =-8 {(-)+1}_;9!; () =-8 9_;9!;=-8_;9!;_;9!; () =-;8 1; () _[{-;!;} {;6%;-;$;}+]-;@; () =_[;4!; {;6%;-;$;}+]-;@; () =_[;4!; {-;!;}+]-;@; () =_[;4!;_(-)+]-;@; () =_[{-;!;}+]-;@; () =_;#;-;@;=-;@; () =;&; 6 (1) {-;5!;} _ (-5) =-; 5; (1) ; 5;_ 5=-; 5;, ; 5; ; 5;=-; 5; (1) ={-; 5;} ; 5; ; 5; (1) ={-; 5;}_5_5=-5 () {-;5&;}_{-;@;} =-;5&; 1 (1) ;1!5$; =-;5&;, ;1!5$;_ =-;5&; 1 (1) ={-;5&;} ;1!5$; (1) ={-;5&;}_;1!4%;=-;#; (1) =-;@; 7 b c<0 b, c b>c b>0, c<0 a_b>0 a, b a>0 8 0<a<1 a=;!; ;a!;=1 a=1 ;!;=1_= -;a!;=-(1 a)=-{1 ;!;}=-(1_)=- (-a) ={-;!;} =;4!; -a =-{;!;} =-;4!; {;a!;} = =4 II.

34 (5) ;1 :_{-;9%;} 01 (1) +1 () -9 () +0 (4) - (5) -10 (6) 10 0 (1) -;!; () 14 () -5 (4) -;6!; 0 (5) -;%; (6) -;1 4; 0 (1) +8 () -7 () - (4) ;4 9; (5) (6) ; 7; 04 (1) 15 () 4 () -7 (4) 5 (5) (6) (7) - 01 (1) (-7)_(-)=+(7_)=+1 () (-81) (+9)=-(81 9)=-9 () (-5)_(+)_(-)=+(5 ) =+0 (4) (+64) (-4) (+8) (4) =(+64)_{-;4!;}_{+;8!;} (4) =-{64_;4!;_;8!;}=- (5) (-40) (-8)_(-) (4) =(-40)_{-;8!;}_(-) (4) =-{40_;8!;_}=-10 (6) (+6)_(-5) (-)=(+6)_(-5)_{-;!;} (4) (+6)_(-5) (-)=+{6_5_;!;} (4) (+6)_(-5) (-)=10 0 (1) {+;6%;}_{+;1ª0;}_{-;@;}=-{;6%;_;1ª0;_;@;} (4) {+;6%;}_{+;1ª0;}_{-;@;}=-;!; () ;(;_{-;6&;} {-;8#;}=;(;_{-;6&;}_{-;*;} (4) ;(;_{-;6&;} {-;8#;}=+{;(;_;6&;_;*;} (4) ;(;_{-;6&;} {-;8#;}=14 () 6 ;1 0; {-;5$;}=6_: º:_{-;4%;} () 6 ;1 0; {-;5$;}=-{6_: º:_;4%;}=-5 (4) (-0.4)_{-;8%;}_{-;@;}=-{;5@;_;8%;_;@;} (4) (-0.4)_{-;8%;}_{-;@;}=-;6!; (5) ;5@; ;1 5;_{-;9%;}=-{;5@;_: :_;9%;} (5) ;5@; ;1 5;_{-;9%;}=-;%; (6) ;!; ;%;_{-;4%;} ;&;=;!;_;5@;_{-;4%;}_;7#; (6) ;!; ;%;_{-;4%;} ;&;=-{;!;_;5@;_;4%;_;7#;} (6) ;!; ;%;_{-;4%;} ;&;=-;1 4; 0 (1) (-1) +(-1) -(-) (1) =(-1)+(+1)-(-8) (1) =(-1)+(+1)+(+8)=+8 () (-) _(-) _(-1)fl (1) =(+9)_(-8)_(+1) (1) =-(9_8_1)=-7 () (-5) 10 {-;%;} ;!; (1) =(+5)_;1 0;_{-;5@;}_ (1) =-{5_;1 0;_;5@;_}=- (4) {-;@;}_{-;6!;} {-;&;} (4) ={-;@;}_{-;6!;} : 9ª: (4) ={-;@;}_{-;6!;}_;4ª9; (4) =+{;@;_;6!;_;4ª9;}=;4 9; (5) (- ) (-) _(-15) {+;9*;} (1) =(-16) (-7)_(-15) {+;9*;} (4) =(-16)_{-; 7;}_(-15)_{+;8(;} (4) =-{16_; 7;_15_;8(;}=-10 (6) {-;!;} _(-8) (-) _;!; (4) ={-;8!;}_(-8) 9_;!; (4) ={-;8!;}_(-8)_;9!;_;!; (4) =+{;8!;_8_;9!;_;!;} (4) =; 7; 4

35 04 (1) (-) _-6 (-)=4_-6_{-;!;} (1) (-) _-6 (-)=1+=15 () {(-)_7-(-5)} (-4)=(-1+5) (-4) () {(-)_7-(-5)} (-4)=(-16)_{-;4!;} () {(-)_7-(-5)} (-4)=4 () {-;!;} {-;4!;} (1) ={-;!;} ;1 (1) ={-;!;}_16++(-1) (1) =-8+-1 (1) =-7 (4) ;4#; {-;!;} - _;4&;+(-) (1) =;4#; ;4!;-4_;4&;+9 (1) =;4#;_4-7+9 (1) =-7+9=5 (5) (-) {-;@;} _{;!;} +{-;8#;} (4) =(-8) {-; 7;}_;8!;+{-;8#;} (4) =(-8)_{-: 8 :}_;8!;+{-;8#;} (4) =: 8 :-;8#;=: 8 := (6) 5-[{-;!;} {-;4!;}+1]_;$; (4) =5-[{-;8!;} {-;4!;}+1]_;$; (4) =5-[{-;8!;}_(-4)+1]_;$; (4) =5-{;!;+1}_;$; (4) =5-;#;_;$;=5-= (7) -4-[(-) _;4#;-10 ;%;]_;6!; (4) =-4-[(-8)_;4#;-10 ;%;]_;6!; (4) =-4-[(-8)_;4#;-10_;5#;]_;6!; (4) =-4-(-6-6)_;6!; (4) =-4-(-1)_;6!; (4) =-4+= ;9*; 06 07,,,, ;8%; 1 (1) +4 () -: 4 : () A {- }=0 A=0 1 {-;#;} B=1 {-;#;}_ =1 B 1 =1 {-;#;}=1_{-;@;}=-;@; B B=-;#; C_(-6)= C= (-6)=_{-;6!;} C=-{_;6!;}=-;!; A+B+C=0+{-;#;}+{-;!;} A+B+C=- 0 (-) =- =-8 -(-) =-(- )=+8 - =-9 (-) =+ =+9 -(-) =-(+ )=-9 04 (-1) 100 -(-1 99 )=(+1)-(-1) =(+1)+(+1)=+ 05 A=;%;-(-1)={+;%;}+(+1)=;*; B={-;@;}+(-1)={-;@;}+{-;#;}=-;%; C=--=(-)-(+)=(-)+(-) =-5 A_B C=;*;_{-;%;} (-5) A_B C=;*;_{-;%;}_{-;5!;} A_B C=+{;*;_;%;_;5!;}=;9*; II. 5

36 _;6!; 0.4-_;6!; 0; (-) (-) {-;!;} _(-) _(- )={+;4!;}_(-7)_(-4) {-;!;} _(-) _(- )=+{;4!;_7_4}=+7 09 a_(b-c)=a_b-a_c=-8 a_b=1 1-a_c=-8 -a_c=-8-1=-0 a_c= a=-;%; 1;4!;=;4%; 1;4!; b=;5$; a_b={-;%;}_;5$;=-{;%;_;5$;}=- 11 ;#;_{;4!;-;!;} =;5!; 1 ;#;_{-;1 ;} =;5!;, {-;8!;}_ =;5!; 1 =;5!; {-;8!;}=;5!;_(-8)=-;5*; =-;8%; 1 (1) (-1) fl -(-1) +(-1) -(-1) (1) =(+1)-(-1)+(+1)-(-1) (1) =(+1)+(+1)+(+1)+(+1)=+4 () _ [{-;!;} {;5$;-1}+1]- (1) =_ [{-;8!;} {;5$;-1}+1]- () =_ [{-;8!;} {-;5!;}+1]- () =_ [{-;8!;}_(-5)+1]- () =_[{;8%;+1}-]=_{: 8 :-} () =_{-: 8 :} () =-: 4 : () - _ - 6+;%;_{--(-) } () =(-9)_[(-) 6+;%;_(--4)] () =(-9)_[(-)_;6!;+;%;_(-6)] () =(-9)_[-;!;+(-15)] () =(-9)_{-: :} () =18 1 b c<0 b, c b<c b<0, c>0, a b>0 a, b a<0 14, 1 (-)_{-;#;}_;!;=+{_;#;_;!;} (-)_{-;#;}_;!;=+1 (-)_(-)_;!;=+{ ;!;} (-)_{-;#;}_;!;=+ {-;#;}_(-)_;!;=+{;#; ;!;}=+;#; + a=+, b=(-)_{-;#;}_(-) b=-{_;#;_}=-9 a_b=(+)_(-9)=-18 6

37 Step ,,,, 09 () -;%; () -9 () ;5&; 11 ;&; 1 (1) -5 () 55 () ;4%; (4) ; 5; 14 (1) ;9$; () , _, _ 17 A=1, B= ={+;4^;}+{-: 4 :}=-;4^;=-;#; 10 {-;#;} ;1!0#;=-;#; {-;5&;} [{-;#;} ;1!0#;]={-;5&;} {-;#;}=-;5&; 11 a=;@;-(-1)=;%; b=-;5#;+=;5&; a_b=;%;_;5&;=;&; 0 4+(-1)=-8 {-;@;}-{-: :}=: º: ;!;_(-16)=-8 {-: :} ;1 ;={-: :}_: 7 :=-8 (-) =-8 04 {-;!;} =;4!; -{-;!;} =-;4!; 1 - =-;4!; {-;!;} =-;8!; -{-;!;} =;8!; 05 {-;!;} _4_{-;%;}={-;8!;}_4_{-;%;} {-;!;} _4_{-;%;}=;6%; 1 (1) {(-) _-(-4)} (-) (1) ={(-8)_+4} 4={(-4)+4} 4 (1) =(-0)_;4!;=-5 () (- )_(-) -(-) _ -(-) (1) =16 (-9)_(-7)-(-8)_7-9 (1) =16_{-;9!;}_(-7)-(-8)_7-9 (1) = =55 () -;4#;+;@; -{-;!;-;4#;}+ -;1 ; (1) = -;1 ; -{-;1!#;}+ -;1 ; () =;1 ;+;1!#;+;1 ;=;1!%;=;4%; (4) {-;4!;} {-;!;} -(-6)_[{-;$;}+(-)] () ={-;4!;} {-;8!;}-(-6)_{-: º:} () ={-;4!;}_(-8)-(-6)_{-: º:} () =-0= (+.5)-(+.8)-(-5.5)+(-.) =(+.5)+(-.8)+(+5.5)+(-.) ={(+.5)+(+5.5)}+{(-.8)+(-.)} =8+(-6)= 07 ;!;-;4#;+(-)-;4!;-(-1) 1 {-;5#;}=-;@; ;5@;_{-;5#;}=-; 5; ={-;@;}_{-;5#;}=;5@; ={+;!;}-{+;4#;}+(-)-{+;4!;}-(-1) ={+;4@;}+{-;4#;}+{-;4*;}+{-;4!;}+{+;4$;} 14 (1) ;4#; ;$; a=;$; (1) 1.5=;#; 1.5 ;@; b=;@; II. 7

38 (1) () a ;a!; (1) -0.5=-;4!; (1) ;a!;_(-4)=;@; (1) ;a!;=;@; (-4)=;@;_{-;4!;}=-;6!; (1) a=-6 (-1) +(-1) +y+(-1) =1+1+y+1=1_100 =100 ( )=(-100)+100=0 1 n (-1)«=1 n+1 (-1) n+1 =-1 (-1«)-(-1) n+1 +(-1)«=(-1)-(-1)+1=1 15 a-b<0 a+b 0 a_b<0 b a<0 Step 01 : 6 : (-6) _ 5 _ =1_{-;6!;}_5_=-0 17 (-)+8+9+(-1)= B+8+(-)+(-1)= B-8= B=-(-8)=10 (-)+A+(-7)+B= (-)+A+(-7)+10=, 1+A= A=-1=1 04 (1) - () 17 () -7 (4) ;1 4; 07 -;1#5@; 08 (1) -: 5 : () -;4#; () -;!; ;5^; 1 : : 14 -: 4 : 01 a={-;@;} ;7$; {-;$;} a={-;*;}_;4&;_{-;4#;}=;&; b=(-) _;4#; {-;#;} =(-8)_;4#; ;4(; 18 6_=18 _(-)=-6 18+(-6)=1 _=9 6_(-)=-1 9+(-1)=- b=(-8)_;4#;_;9$;=-;*; a-b=;&;-{-;*;}=: 6 : 1, 1-(-)=15() 19 a_c>0 a, c a_b_c<0 a, c b<0, a+b=0 a, b a>0 a>0, b<0, c>0 0 (-1)+(-1) +y+(-1) =(-1)+(-1)+y+(-1)=(-1)_100 = <a<0 a=-;!; ;a!;=1 a=1 {-;!;}=1_(-)=- a ={-;!;} =-;8!; -a =-{-;!;} =-;4!; a ={-;!;} =;4!; 1 =1 a =1 ;4!;=1_4=4 a 1 - =-4 a 8

39 0 a>0, b<0 a=1, b=-1 a-b=1-(-1)= a+b=1+(-1)=0 b-a=-1-1= (1) [;4#;-(-1) ]_ (1) =-4-[4+ { -1}_;!;] 4 (1) =-4-[4+ {-;4!;}_;!;] (1) =-4-[4+_(-4)_;!;] (1) =-4-(4-6)=-4+=- () ;@; {-;6!;} +;8&;_(-) (1) =;@; ; 6;+;8&;_(-8) (1) =;@;_6+;8&;_(-8) (1) =4-7=17 () 10-1-[-(-) _;!; ;4!;] (1) =10-[1-{-9_;!;_4}] (1) =10-{1-(-18)} (1) =10-(1+16) (1) =10-17=-7 (4) -;#;-[{-;#;} _;6!;-{-;8&;}] ;!; (1) =-;#;-{;4(;_;6!;+;8&;}_ (1) =-;#;-{;8#;+;8&;}_ (1) =-;#;-;4%;_=-;#;-;%; (1) =-;*;=-4 05 _[{-;4%;}-{-;@;}]-;1 ; =_{-;4%;+;@;}-;1 ; =_{-;1 ;}-;1 ;=-;6&;-;1 ; =-;1@!;=-;4&; [{;!;-}_0.-(-) ] = [{-;%;}_;5!;-4] = {-;!;-4}= {-;(;} =_{-;9@;}=-;@; 6-[{-;!;} {-;4!;}+1]_;5(; =6-[{-;8!;}_(-4)+1]_;5(; =6-{;!;+1}_;5(; =6-;#;_;5(;=6-;1@0&; =;1#0#; 8-_ -[{-;#;} -{;4&;-;#;} ] =8-_[-{;4(;-;4!;_;!;}] =8-_[-{;4(;-;8!;}] =8-_{-: 8 :} =8-_;8&;=8-;4&; =: 4 : 1- ;!;+(-) {_(-1)-(-1) }-;$; =1- ;!;+(-) {(-)-(-1)}-;$; =1-[;!;+(-) (-)-;$;] =1-[;!;+(-)_{-;!;}-;$;] =1-{;!;+1-;$;}=1-0 =1 06 a (-)=a_{-;!;}=-;a; -;A; -;a@; -;a@;=4 -;A;=;4!; a=;4!; {-;!;}=;4!;_(-)=-;!; a a-=-;!;-=-;&; b ;b!;=-;&; b=-;7@; a-b=-;!;-{-;7@;}=-;1 4; II. 9

40 07 ;!; ;!;=;!;-;!;=-;6!; {-;4#;} ;!;=;!;-{-;4#;}=;4%; {;!; ;!;}[{-;4#;} ;!;]={-;6!;};4%; {;!;_;!;}[{-;4#;_;!;}]={-;6!;} ;4%;- {;!;_;!;}[{-;4#;_;!;}]={-;6!;}_;5$;- {;!;_;!;}[{-;4#;_;!;}]=-;1 08 (1) {-;!;} ;4#;_ (1) ;4!; : 4 :_ =-;5@; (1) ;4!;_;1 1;_ =-;5@;, ;1 1;_ =-;5@; a + b =a+(-b)=a-b 11 n A=-1+1-(-1)=1 n B=-1+1-1=-1 A+B=0 1 B, C ;&;-{-;!;}=: 6 : A, B : 6 :_ =: 6 :_;5#;=;1!0&; + A -;!;+;1!0&;=;1!0@;=;5^; (1) ={-;5@;} ;1 1;={-;5@;}_11=-: 5 : () _;9%; {-;4%;} _(-)=;5$; (1) _;9%; ;1@6%;_(-)=;5$; (1) _;9%;_;!5^;_(-)=;5$; (1) _{-;1!5^;}=;5$; (1) =;5$; {-;1!5^;}=;5$;_{-;1!6%;}=-;4#; () {-;4#;} _{-;$1);}=: 7 : (1) ;1ª6;_ 1 _{-;$1);}=: 7 : (1) 1 _{-;1!4%;}=: 7 : 1 A, E 8-1=7 7 A B C D E 1 7 ;4; 7 ;4; 7 ;4; 7 ;4; 8 B 1+;4&;=: 4 : C B+;4&;=: 4 :+;4&;=: 4 : D C+;4&;=: 4 :+;4&;=: 4 : B, C, D : 4 :+: 4 :+: 4 :=: 4 :=: : 1 (1) =: 7 : {-;1!4%;}=: 7 :_{-;1!5$;}=- (1) =-;!; 09 _ +4_(-1)=4_+ _(-1)+9 _ -4=8- +9, _ =8+9+4 _ =1 =7 10 a-b>0 a>b a_b<0 a, b a>0, b< ;@;, - 4, ;%; 4 a={-;@;}_(-)_4=8, 1 4, ;%; -;@;,

41 b=4_;%;_(-)=-0 b a=(-0) 8 b a=(-0)_;8!;=-: 4 : 07 ;&;, ;@; -;$;, -1, -6 -;$; -6 ;&;_;@;_{-;$;}_(-6)=: : Step ;1ª0; : : 01 A=-(-4)=7 B=-+5= < 7 =4, 5, 6, 7-7, -6, -5, -4, 4, 5, 6, n n+, _n-1, _n, _n+1 (-1) n+ +(-1)«-(-1) _n-1 +(-1) _n -(-1) _n+1 =1+(-1)-(-1)+1-(-1) = ;!; =;!; =-;!; y ;!; y=;!; y=-;!; -y y y+ 1 _4 9_10 ={1-;!;}+{;!;-;!;}+{;!;-;4!;}+y+{;9!;-;1 0;} =1-;1 0; =;1ª0; M=;!;-{-;!;}=;6%; -y y m=-;!;-;!;=-;6%; M-m=;6%;-{-;6%;} 04 [-5.6]-[.1]+[-]=-6-- =-1 05 a<b<0 a, b 06 ;7@#;= 1 = = 11 = ;&@; +; ; a=, b=7, c= a+b+c=1 M-m=: 6º:=;%; -;9@; -;@; a=-;9@;+{-;@;}=-;9*; ;!; ;6!; b=;!;-;6!;=;6!; a_b={-;9*;}_;6!;=-; 7; -: 4 : II. 41

42 A=(-)_ ] A=(-)_ ;6!;+[;@;_{-;%;}+(-1)] A=(-)_ ;6!;+[{-;%;}+(-1)] A=(-)_[;6!;+{-;*;}] A=(-)_{-;%;}=: : ;6!; -6 -;6!; B=_{-;!;} (- )=_;4!; (-4) B=_;4!;_{-;4!;}=-;1 6; -1.5=-;#; -;@; ;@; A-B=: :-{-;1 6;}= 1 16 A B A-B 4 A ;7#;=-;!; A_;&;=-;&; 1 ;8#; ;*; ;8#; ;*; {-;6!;}+{-;@;}+;*;=: 6 : 5 A={-;&;} ;&;={-;&;}_;7#;=-1 - B - B - =5, - B =;5!; B B=;5!; {-;!;}=;5!;_(-)=-;5#; A B=(-1) {-;5#;} A B=(-1)_{-;%;}=;%; A B A B 5 +{-;@;}=;5!; 1 +, m+1915 m 1078 m+1078 m 00 m-00 m km 6_=18(æ), 1 æ km 1-18=-5(æ) -5 æ ;#; A ;#;_;@;-;!;=1-;!;=;!; B {;!;-1}_(-)={-;!;}_(-)=1 =;5!;-{-;@;}=;1!5#; C {1+;!;} (-)=;$;_{-;!;}=-;9$; ;1!5#; {-;@;}=;1!5#;_{-;#;}=-;1!0#; -;9$; 4

43 (1), 7, -5 (),, 9y, a bc 01 (), a, -y (4), ;7{;, -;A; 0 (1) -8a () 6abc () a b (4) -b (5) 0.1y 01 (6) -(a+b) 0 (1) ;]{; () -;]{; () -;ba; (4) ab ac 04 (1) abc () () (4) c b a+b c a bc 1 05 (1) a () (1000-) () ab cm ab 04 () a_b c=a_b_;c!;= c ac () a b_c=a_;b!;_c= b 1 1 (4) a b c=a = a b c bc 1 (1) - () -0.1 y () -ab (4) 6a(-y) a y 1 (5) (6) 9b 0.1a -y (1) () 0.1a-b () +5(+) b y (6) ( y)+_;[!;_;]!;= y (1) 0.1_a b=0.1_a_;b!;= () (-y) y+(+)_5 () =(-y)_;]!;+(+)_5 -y () = +5(+) y (4) a_a_(-)-b_c (-) () =a_a_(-)-b_c_{-;!;} () =-a +:ıç: (1) 7_10+b_1=70+b () 1 ;{;() () y 1 ;};() () ;{;_+;};_4=: :+: :() () ()=000_;10A0;=0a() () ()=000-0a() 4 (1) ( ) () =_{( )+( )} () =_(+y)=(+y) () ()=()_() 70 km a 70_a=70a(km) () a(km) ( ) () ( )= _( ) 100 () ( )=;10A0;_00+;10B0;_600 () ( )=a+6b(g) 0.1a b 1 (4) -a + bc 4y (1) 70+b () { + } () (000-0a) 4 (1) (+y) () (150-70a)km () (a+6b)g a 10 a 1 (5) a 9 b=a_;9!;_;b!;= 9b (6) ( y)= {_;]!;}=_;[};= y 01 y_= y (-0.1)_ y=(-0.1) ;]!;=- 0.1 y III. 4

44 (-) y z_=(-)_;]!;_;z!;_=-;]@z{; (5+y)_(-)_a=-a(5+y) abc a 4_b_c-1=a_;4!;_b_c-1= ()=()+() ()=a+a_;1 0º0; ()=a+;1#0a;=;1!0#;a() 0 a b_c=a_;b!;_c=:åbç: a_;b!; c=a_;b!;_;c!;=;båc; a b c=a_;b!;_;c!;=;båc; a (b_c)=a bc=a_;b c;=;båc; 0 ;ba; c=;ba;_;c!;=;båc; 01 (1), 14 () - () (4) -11 (5) ;!; 0 (1) -, -8 () 1 () ;5@; (4) 7 0 a b c=a_;b!;_;c!;=;båc; a (b c)=a {b_;c!;}=a ;cb; a (b c)=a_;bc;=:åbç: a b c+a (b c) a b_c=a_;b!;_c=:åbç: a (b c)=:åbç: a b_c=a (b c) a b_c=:åbç: a (b_c)=a bc=a_;b c;=;båc; a b_c+a (b_c) a ;b!; ;c!;=a_b_c=abc a_{;b!; c}=a_{;b!;_;c!;}=;båc; a ;b!; ;c!;+a_{;b!; c} (a+b) _=(a+b)_;!;_= 1 ;!; (a+b)_=;!; = a+b (a+b) (a+b) _+;!; (a+b)_ (a+b) 0 (1) 1 () 4 () -1 (4) (1) ;!;,, 1 () -6 () 6 (4) - 01 () -8y=(-8)_y=(-8)_4=- () 5-4a=5-4_a=5-4_;!;=5-= (4) -5b-1=(-5)_b-1=(-5)_-1 =-10-1=-11 (5) 1-;6!;c=1-;6!;_c=1-;6!;_ (5) 1-;6!;c=1-;!;=;!; 0 () 6-=6-_=6-_(-) =6+6=1 (-) () -;5{;=- =;5@; 5 8 (4) -;[*;=- =+4=7 (-) 0 (1) -+y=-(-5)+7=1 () (+y)=_(-5+7)=_=4 () ;5#;y=;5#; y () ;5#;y=;5#;_(-5)_7=-1 (4) -;7!;y=-5-;7!;_7=-5-1= ;5!;() y ;5!;_y=;5!;y() ;5!;y() 04 () ;a@;= a= {-;!;}=_(-)=-6 () ;[};=y = ;!;=_=6 44

45 (4) ;]{;= y=(-4) ;8!;=(-4)_8=- -6=_(-)-6=-9-6=-15 =(-) =9 - +4=-(-) +4_(-)=-9-1= (1) 4 () 80 (1) () 18 1 (1) 8-1y=8_{-;!;}-1_{-;!;}_;!; (1) 8-1y=8_;4!;-1_{-;!;}_;!; (1) 8-1y=+=4 () (-) +(-) =- + (1) (-) +(-) =-(-4) +(-4) (1) (-) +(-) =-(-64)+16 (1) (-) +(-) =80 (1) -7y+z = yz (1) = = () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;= a- b+1 c () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;= ;!;- {-;!;}+1 ;6!; () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;=_-_(-)+1_6 () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;=6+6+6=18 () a=;!; ;a!;= () b=-;!; ;b!;=- () c=;6!; ;c!;=6 () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;=_-_(-)+1_6 () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;=6+6+6 () ;a#;-;b@;+;c!;=18 _(-)-7_(-)+(-1) (-)_(-1) a+b=4_1+(-4)=4-4=0 -a-5b=(-)_1-5_(-4)=-+0=18 a -b =1 -(-4) =1-16=-15 a +b=1 +(-4)=1-4=- a+b -b=1+(-4) -(-4)=1+16+4=1 0 -y-=(-)_(-)-1=4-1= y -1=(-) -1=4-1= -y =1 -(-) =1-4=- -;]@;+;[@;=- + =1+= (-) 1 ;[#;=;1#;= 04 -a -(-a) =-(-) -{-(-)} -a -(-a) =-4- -a -(-a) =-4-8=-1 05 y -;]!;=y -1 y y -;]!;=_{-;!;} -1 {-;!;} y -;]!;=_;4!;-1_(-) y -;]!;=;4#;+=: 4 : 06 -;4!; -4 a=-4 ;!; b=;!; ab -;4!;a =_(-4)_{;!;}-;4!;_(-4) ab -;4!;a =_(-4)_;4!;-;4!;_16 ab -;4!;a =--4 ab -;4!;a = =-(-)+=+=5 +=_(-)+=-6+=- 07 ;[#;+;]@;-;z(;= + y-9 z ;[#;+;]@;-;z(;= {-;!;}+ ;@;-9 ;4#; ;[#;+;]@;-;z(;=_(-)+_;#;-9_;$; ;[#;+;]@;-;z(;=-6+-1 ;[#;+;]@;-;z(;=-15 III. 45

46 0 (1) () (1+8) (-4) () =(1+8)_{-;4!;} 01 0, 0 (1) 6 () -0 () (4) 10a (5) a (6) 4y 01 (7) 7 (8) -;%;a 04 (1) -6 () -+4 () -6a+10 (4) (1) - () -- () (4) -+6 () =1_{-;4!;}+8_{-;4!;} () =-- () (-+) ;!;=(-+)_ () (-+) ;!;=(-)_+_ () (-+) ;!;=-+4 (4) (-4) {-;@;} (4) =(-4)_{-;#;} ;!;y+ y -;!; 1 (4) =_{-;#;}+(-4)_{-;#;} (4) = (5) 1a 6=1a_;6!;=a (6) 6y ;#;=6y_;@;=4y (7) (-18) {-;@;}=(-18)_{-;#;} (7) (-18) {-;@;}=7 (8) {-;6%;a} ;!;={-;6%;a}_ (8) {-;6%;a} ;!;=-;%;a 04 (1) (-)=_+_(-) =-6 () -(-4)=(-1)_+(-1)_(-4) =-+4 () -(a-5)=(-)_a+(-)_(-5) =-6a+10 (4) (4-6)_;#;=4_;#;+(-6)_;#; (4) (4-6)_;#;= (1) (4-6) =(4-6)_;!; (1) (4-6) =4_;!;+(-6)_;!; (1) (4-6) =- 1,,, (1) -8 () ;%; () -7 (4) ;5!; 4 (1) () 8y- () 6y- 4 (4) ;!;-;9@; 1 y a -1 y a a -a, ++1,,, 11 -;!;, 4 -;!;+4=: : () 1 (-)=1_{-;!;} () 1 (-)=-7 46

47 (4) {-; 5;} {-;5!;}={-; 5;}_(-5) (4) {-; 5;} {-;5!;}=;5!; 4 (1) ;4%;(-8-1) () =;4%;_(-8)+;4%;_(-1) () = () -(-4y+1)=(-)_(-4y)+(-)_1 =8y- () (-0y+15) (-5) () =(-0y+15)_{-;5!;} () =(-0y)_{-;5!;}+15_{-;5!;} () =6y- (4) {-;!;+;!;} {-;#;} (5) ={-;!;+;!;}_{-;@;} (5) ={-;!;}_{-;@;}+;!;_{-;@;} (5) =;!;-;9@; 0-1 =;#;-;!; a+b a b = + y y y (b-5)=(-1)_b+(-1)_(-5) =-b+5 (4a+1) ;$;=(4a+1)_;4#; (4a+1) ;$;=4a_;4#;+1_;4#; (4a+1) ;$;=a+9 05 (1) -(5-1)=(-)_5+(-)_(-1) =-15+ () (-y+8)_;5$;=(-y)_;5$;+8_;5$; () (-y+8)_;5$;=-;5$;y+: 5 : () (-4a-0) 6 () =(-4a-0)_;6!; () =(-4a)_;6!;+(-0)_;6!; , 05 (1) -15+ () -;5$; y+: 5 : () -4a-5 04 (4) -4 (5) 6b-;#; ,-;5{;, 1 ;!; -;5{; 1 -;5!; 1 -;5!;+1=;5$; () =-4a-5 (4) {;#;-18} ;4#;={;#;-18}_;$; (4) {;#;-18} ;4#;=;#;_;$;+(-18)_;$; (4) {;#;-18} ;4#;=-4 (5) (-4b+1) {-;@;} (4) =(-4b+1)_{-;#;} (4) =(-4b)_{-;#;}+1_{-;#;} (4) =6b-;#; 06 a= -1 b=-1 1 c=1 a b c+5b c= _(-1) _1+5_(-1) _1 =4_(-1)+5_1 =-4+5=1 III. 47

48 04 () 01 0, -7, (1), 8 (), - () 4, 5, 7, 6y 0 (4) - (5) -a+ 04 (1) 5- () 7a+1 () 6b+7 (4) (5) y-4 05 (1) --6 () -7-8 () -7a-1 (4) b+4 0 (5) 1 0 (4) 5+--5=5-+-5 =(5-)+(-5) =- (5) 7a--8a+5=7a-8a-+5 =(7-8)a+(-+5) =-a+ 04 (1) (+1)+(-)=+1+- (4) (+1)+(-)=++1- (4) (+1)+(-)=5- () (a-1)+(a+4)=6a-+a+4 =6a+a-+4 =7a+1 () (4b-)+(b+5)=4b-+b+10 =4b+b-+10 =6b+7 (4) (+4)+4(-+1)= (4) (+4)+4(-+1)= (4) (+4)+4(-+1)=+16 (5) ;!;(y-4)+;4!;(4y-8)=y-+y- (5) ;!;(y-4)+;4!;(4y-8)=y+y-- (5) ;!;(y-4)+;4!;(4y-8)=y-4 05 (1) (+5)-(+11)= () (+5)-(+11)= () (+5)-(+11)=--6 () -(+5)-(-)= () -(+5)-(-)= () -(+5)-(-)=-7-8 () -(a+1)-(a-1)=-a--4a+ =-a-4a-+ =-7a-1 (4) -(b+5)-(-b-9)=-b-5+b+9 =-b+b-5+9 =b+4 (5) ;!;(y-6)-;6!;(6y-18)=y--y+ (5) ;!;(y-6)-;6!;(6y-18)=y-y-+ (5) ;!;(y-6)-;6!;(6y-18)=1 1 (1) -11+6y-1 () -a+5 () (4) --1 (1) -7 () -y () (1) - () (1) 10 () -8y () a (1) -+4y-7-8+y-5 (1) =--8+4y+y-7-5 (1) =(--8)+(4+)y+(-7-5) (1) =-11+6y-1 () -(a-5)-(5-a)=-4a+10-5+a () -(a-5)-(5-a)=-4a+a+10-5 () -(a-5)-(5-a)=-a+5 () ;!;(4-4)+;4!;(8-4)=-+- () ;!;(4-5)+;4!;(7-)=--+ () ;!;(4-5)+;4!;(7-)= (4) ;!;(-9)-(-1)=--+ (4) ;!;(4-5)-(-1)=--+ (4) ;!;(4-5)-(-1)=--1 (1) -5-{5-(-)}=-5-(5-+) =-5-(+) =-5-- =-7 () +{-y-(-y)} =+(-y-+y) 48

49 =+(--y) =--y =-y () -4+8-{4-(-7)+1}+14 () =-4+8-(4-+7+1)+14 () =-4+8-(11-)+14 () = () = (1) -a+ () 7 () (4) (5) -6 (6) (1) 6-16y () -15 () 5-4y (4) -y (1) + () - () (4) + (5) (1) 4- (+) (1) (-a+)-(1+a) 4(4-)-15(+) (1) = () =-a+-1-a 0 =-a-a (1) = =-a+ 0 () (-1)-(-) -57 (1) = =; 0;-;%0&; 0 () = () () = =7 6(5-)-4(6-4)+(--) () 4(-+1)-(-) (1) = 1 (1) = (1) = (1) = (1) = (1) = =;4!;-;1 ; (4) -6(-5+)-(-7+9) 1 (1) = (1) = (1) (y-4)+ =6y- (1) =-4+1 =(6y-)-(y-4) =6y--6y+1 =10 (5) 6{;@;-;!;}-4{;!;+;4#;} (1) =4--- () 4(-y)- =-4y (1) =4--- =4(-y)-(-4y) =4-1y-+4y =-8y (1) =-6 (6) -15{-;@;+;5!;}-1{;4!;-;6%;} () -(+5)=-+15 =(-+15)+(+5) = =5+5 (1) = (1) = (1) = (-8)=-10+9 =-10+9-(-8) = = (-8)= (-8)= (1) 4(-y)-{y-(-y)} (1) =4-1y-(y-+y) (1) =4-1y-(4y-) (1) =4-1y-4y+ (1) =6-16y () -4(-1)-{(1-)-4(-4+)} (1) =-4+4-(-+16-4) (1) =-4+4-(-7+19) III. 49

50 (1) = (1) =-15 () -[7y--{-(-y)}] (1) =-{7y--(-+y)} (1) =-{7y--(+y)} (1) =-(7y---y) (1) =-(-+4y) (1) =+-4y (1) =5-4y (4) +y-[-y-{4(-y)-(+y)}] (1) =+y-{-y-(4-4y--y)} (1) =+y-{-y-(-5y)} (1) =+y-(-y-+5y) (1) =+y-(-+4y) (1) =+y+-4y (1) =-y 0 (1) (5+1)-(-4) - = 7 14 (1) = 14 (1) = = () (-4) (-4)+8(-+1) + = (1) = 40 (1) = = () (-1)+4(-)-6(+5) (1) = (1) = (1) = =-;1 ;-: 4 : 1 (4) 4+1 5(-) (+1) (4+1)-10(-)+8(+1) (1) = (1) = (1) = =;6%;+;1#!; 1 (5) [ -{+;6&;}] -5-1 (1) = -{ --;6&;} -5-1 (1) = - ++;6&; (-5)-(-1)+6+7 (1) = (1) = 6 (1) =;6!; (1) -5+1 () a ;*; , a -7 1 a, y =_y_y_y, y= y 0 (-)+(5+)=-+5+ (-)+(5+)=+5-+ =6-1 -(+7)-{;@;-1}= (+7)-{;@;-1}= (+7)-{;@;-1}=--4 6{;!;-;!;}-8{;4!;-;8%;}=--+5 6{;!;-;!;}-8{;4!;-;8%;}=--+5 6{;!;-;!;}-8{;4!;-;8%;}=+ -(-5)-(-+)= (-5)-(-+)= (-5)-(-+)=-4+1-4(+1)-;!;(6-9)= (+1)-;!;(6-9)= (+1)-;!;(6-9)= (1) 7-{+1-(-5+)}-4 (1) =7-(+1+5-)-4 50

51 (1) =7-(8-1)-4 (1) = (1) =-5+1 a+1 a- a+ () (a+1)-6(a-)+(a+) (1) = 1 8a+4-6a+1+a+9 (1) = 1 5a (1) = = a A-(B-C)=A-B+C A-(B-C)=(-y+1)-(y-)+(-) A-(B-C)=-y+1-6y A-(B-C)=7-8y-1 05 ;@;(-6)- =-+8 =;@;(-6)-(-+8) =;@;-4+-8 =;*;-1 06 A+(5-)=7-7 A=7-7-(5-) A= A=-4 B-(+7)=-+7 B=-+7+(+7) A=-+7++7=14 A-B=(-4)-14 A-B=-4-14 A-B= ;4&;-;%;+;%;=-;4&;+;%;+-;%; -;4&;-;%;+;%;={-;4&;+;%;}+{-;%;} -;4&;-;%;+;%;=;4#;+;!; a=;4#;, b=;!; 4a-b ab =(4a-b) ab Step 01 0, , , 1 40 æ 1 (1) -15 () -;9!; () (y 5)= {y_ }= (y 5)=_ = y y 1 (y_z)= yz=_ = yz (-1)_y (+z)=(-1)_y_ (-1)_y (+z)=- _a {;!;_b}=a_ = b a- a b=a-_ a- a b=a- ab (-1)= - +-(-1)=+-+= y 1a 1b 1 a b -y 5y 1 6y 6y 1 05 y -;!; 1 a y +z _ 6a b 1 b y 5 yz 1 +z ={4_;4#;-_;!;} {;4#;_;!;} =(-1) ;4!;=_4=8 06 ab cm 10a+b 07 -(-1)=-6+ III. 51

52 1a (0.4-)_5=-15 (4-8) {-;7$;}=(4-8)_{-;4&;} (4-8) {-;7$;}=-7+14 {;5$;-;1 0;}_10= (+1) 08 - = = = =(+) =-+8-(+) = = A-(B+A)+B=A-B-A+B A-(B+A)+B=A-B A-(B+A)+B=(5+)-(-) A-(B+A)+B= A-(B+A)+B= =-(-1) =-1 -=-(-1)=1 (-) ={-(-1)} =1 -(-) =-{-(-1)} =-1 - =-(-1) =-(-1)=1 =(-1) =-1 1 =104 y=;9%;(-) y=;9%;(104-)=;9%;_7=40(æ) 1 (1) (-) +4y+1={-(-)} +4_(-)_+1 (1) (-) +4y+1=8-4+1=-15 () (- ) y= {-(-) } () (- ) y= (-9) () (- ) y=_{-;9!;}_;!;=-;9!; a (-) () - -(-b) =- -{-(-)} () - -(-b) =-;(;-4 () - -(-b) =--4 () - -(-b) =-7 Step y (1) - () - + y () ;1 ; (1) -10 () -1 () (1) (a+8b)g () (+y)g () {;@;a+;%;b} (4) { a+ b} ;4#; 0.1, -;7^;, ;{; 0 A=(4-18) 6-(14-1) 7 A=(4-18)_;6!;-(14-1)_;7!; A=4--(-) A=4--+= B= (4-)-10{ -1} 5 A= A=4+7 A -B= -(4+7) -B=-4-7 -B= = = (-5) = = =

53 1 z 05 (y z)= {y_ }=_ = z y y_z=_ 06 ={-;!;}=;9!; 1 _z= 1 z z {y_ }=z_ = y y 1 1 z y = z= z y y 1 1 y =y z=yz z z = z= y z y y =1 =1 {-;!;}=1 ;9!;=1_9=9 - =-{-;!;}=-;9!; -;[!;=(-1) =(-1) {-;!;} -;[!;=(-1)_(-)= 07 6-[5y--{-(4-7y)}] =6-{5y--(-4+7y)} =6-{5y--(-+7y)} =6-(5y-+-7y) =6-(--y) =6++y =7+y ;!;(6)=;!;(+6-6)= -=-+-(-)_ -=-++6=+ ;!;(6)-(-) = = = 1 y (+) -5+6-(+) = = A+(-1)=6+ A=6+-(-1) A=6+-+1 =4+ z y z y B-(5+)=-4-1 B=-4-1+(5+) = B=+ A-B=4+-(+) A-B=4+-- A-B= (1) (+1)-4(4-)+(-5) (1) = (1) = (1) = = y -y () - -+y (5-y)-(-y)+0(-+y) (1) = y-9+y-0+0y (1) = y 7 (1) = =- + y () -{-5(1-)} - (1) = -(-5+10) - () = -(11-5) --(11-5) () = () = () = = y 11 ;@;(4-y-)- 4(4-y-)-(5-y) = y y = 6 +5y-1 = 6 =-;!;, y= ;6!;{-;!;+5_-1}=;6!;{-;!;+15-1} ;6!;{-;!;+5_-1}=;6!;_;%;=;1 ; III. 5

54 1 ( -)+a +5- =6 -+a +5- =(6+a) +- 0, 6+a=0 a=-6 1 (1) 15{;@;-;5!;}-1{;4!;-;6%;} (1) = (1) =0-6 (1) 0, -6 0_(-6)=-10 () a+;!;-{;!;+b}=a+;!;-;!;-b () a+;!;-{;!;+b}={a-;!;}+{;!;-b} (1) 1 a-;!;=1 (1) a=1+;!;=;$; (1) - ;!;-b=- (1) b=;!;-(-)=;%; (1) a-b=_;$;-_;%; (1) a-b=4-5=-1 () a+b a-b 5(a+b)-(a-b) - = 5 10 () - 5a+5b-a+b = 10 () - a+7b a 7 = = + b () -6 a = () a=(-6)_ =-0 () -1 7 b= () b=(-1)_ =-0 7 () a-b=-0-(-0)=10 14 a_b=ab b_c=bc, c_a=ca ab+bc+ca=(ab+bc+ca) 15 (1) =;10A0;_00+;10B0;_ (1) =a+8b(g) () 10_;1 0;+100_;10}0;=+y(g) a b () 1 1 () () ;A;_+;B;_5=;@;a+;%;b() (4) a 0 % () a_;1 0º0;() () b 0 % () b_;1 0º0;() () () {a-a_;1 0º0;}+{b-b_;1 0º0;} () =a-;1 0;a+b-;5!;b () =;1 0;a+;5$;b() 16 (1-10)+(4-)+(-4+6)= A+(1-10)+(-)=1-6 A+10-10=1-6 A=1-6-(10-10) A= A=+4, 1-6 A+(4-)+B= B= B=1-6 B=1-6-(6+) B= B=6-8 A-B=+4-(6-8) A-B=+4-6+8= ( ) =( )+( ) -( ) =;!;_5_+5_-_(-) =5+5-+6=+11 54

55 18 :y=1:5 y=5 -y -5 = y- _5- - = =-;!; 9 19 ;a@;= a= ;!;=_=4 ;b#;= b= {-;!;}=_(-)=-9 ;c!;=1 c=1 ;5!;=1_5=5 ;a@;+;b#;-;c!;=4-9-5 ;a@;+;b#;-;c!;=-10 0 ;[!;+;]!;=6 +y =6 y +y=6y 7-1y+7y 7(+y)-1y = +y +y 7_6y-1y = 6y 4y-1y = 6y 0y = =5 6y Step 01 () - () - () { a+ b}% 0 {;4!;+70} y 05 (+1) (1) (7n+9) cm () 549 cm 01 () () +(-+5)=-+ =-+-(-+5) =-++-5=- (4-)+ () = () (4-)+ () =- () =--(4-)=--4+=- () +(-8-6)=-+5 () =-+5-(-8-6) = = a% 00 g b% 600 g ;10A0;_00+;10B0;_600=a+6b(g) a+6b a+6b _100= _ a+6b 1 _100= = a+ b(%) () () 70 70(40-)=800-70() 80+(800-70)=10+800() =;4!;+70() n, n-1,n (-1) «=-1, (-1) «=1 (-1) «_ =(-1)_ -+y = - = = -y -y +y (-+y)-(+y) 6 -+4y-9-y 6 +y -(-1) «_ +y -1_ -11+y 11 1 = =- + y y+ (-1) III. 55

56 4+(-1)=4+- =+1() -16y=-;7!;+7-16y=: 7 : 06 (1) n cm, (n-1) 6cm (1) (6_6)_n-(_)_(n-1) (1) =6n-9n+9 =7n+9(cm ) () 7n+9 n=0 (1) 7_0+9=540+9=549(cm ) y y 4 4 8{;4#;-;!;}-6{;!;-;4!;} =6-4-+;#;=4-;%; A=4, B=-;%; AB=4_{-;%;}= (1) 4y- () y , (A+B-C)+(A-C) =-A-B+C+A-C =A-B-C =--(-+7)-(--1) = =7-16 A+(-6)=5- A=5--(-6) =5--+6 =+4 (+6)-B=4-7 B=+6-(4-7) = =-+1 A+B=+4+(-+1) = y= y-16y y -16y=;4!; {-;4&;}-16_;4!;_{-;4&;} -16y=;4!;_{-;7$;}-16_;4!;_{-;4&;} A, B 1 AB 5 (1) (1) +(y+1)=7y-1 (1) =7y-1-(y+1) (1) =7y-1-y-1 (1) =4y- () (1) 4y--(y+1)=4y--y-1 =y- 4 6 ( ) =( )-( ) =10_10-6_(10-) = =1+40 = _+40=64 5 = 56

57 (1) +, =, = () =, +, +, =0 () +, =, +, =- 0, -= =- -1=4- =;!; -5=-5+ ()=() +=5 = = 5- >7 +7= =6 = +1=5 =4 += +=, ()=() -1= =-1, ()=() , =5(-1) 5(-1)=5-5, ()=() +1= =+1, ()=() -=- =0 4-6=(-) (-)=4-6, ()=() 5+=8 5+=8, ()=() 1, 1 (=) +=5 = 0 -+=- ()=() -6= =8 +4=5 +4=5, ()=() (-1)=- III. 57

58 (-1)=- ()=() 5+1=1+5 ()=() 0 [ ] _(-1) =- (-1)+0 -_ =- 5-(-)+1 -+-(-)-8 --_(-) (--1)-(-+)=-1 =- 05-6=4-6< (+)_ =8 06 a-6=(+b) a-6=+b a= a= -6=b b=- a-b=-(-)=5 0 0 a=b a+c=b+c(c ) a b a=b = (c ) c c 1, (1) =14 () =10 1 c+0 ;4{;=;5}; 0 5=4y -=y-1 =y+1 (a-)=(b-) a-=b- a-=b- a=b (1) ;!;-=4 (1) ;!;-+=4+, ;!;=7 (1) ;!;=7 (1) ;!;_=7_ (1) =14 () 45= (1) 45-15=+15-15, 0= (1) 0= (1) : º:=: :, 10= (1) = (1) 5, 5, 5, 7 () 7, 7, 7, -10 (),,, 6 01 (4),,, () () () (1) = () =5 () =4 (4) = a-b=-y b a=-y+b 58

59 a=-y+b a-=b-y a=;b; a=b a=b a+=b+ ;A;=b a=b c+0 ;{;=;5}; 15 5=y 0 =y ;{;=y =y -=y- =y =6y =6y 6 +6=6y+6 =y - -=-6y -=-6y -+=-6y+ =y 4 +4=y+4 +4=y+4 +4 y+4 = +4 =y =4-1=8 =9 = 04 ;4!;= 4 ;4!;_4=_4 =1 05 (1) -5=- 5 (1) -5+5=-+5 = () +7=1 7 (1) +7-7=1-7 =5 1 () ;4{;=6 4 (1) ;4{;_4=6_4 =4 (4) -= (1) = = (1) -, () -, +, (1) 10, 10-7=1+50 -=57 = () 100, 5-60= =75 =5 01 () 1, 6+=8 -=- =;#; 01 (4) 6, 4-(+5)=6 =11 =: :, a=b 1, (-1)=+1 -=+1 -=1+ =4 = (1) =;&; () =4 () =5 (4) =- 4 (1) =0 () =;1 1; () = 5 (1) = () =;5&; 6 (1) - () -;4(; 7 (1) -1 () ;8#; 8 (1) 0 () 9 a=, b = = =5 (-)=-(+) -4=--6 +=-6+4 5=- =-;5@; 1, - +=-1 III. 59

60 , 6-6=-4- += +-=0 = =0 --1=0 +5-=0 5=0 --= =0, -1=0-6= =0, 0 =0 (1) =40 (1) 6= , 6=1 (1) =: 6 :=;&; () 4-6=-8+1 (1) -6+8=1-4, =8 (1) =4 () -6=4+ (1) -=4+6, =10 (1) =5 (4) 7-9+4=- (1) 7+4-=-+9, 8=-4 (1) =- 4 (1) = (1) 0-15=100+00, 15=00 (1) =0 () 10 6(-)=1(-5) (1) 6-1=6-60, 6+60=6+1 (1) 66=48 =;6$6*;=;1 1; () =4+5 (1) 6-4=5+59, =64 (1) = 5 (1) 4 4(-5)=4-(-1) (1) 8-0=4-+1, 8-4+=1+0 (1) 7=1 = () 4,, 1 (1) (-1)-6(-5)=4(7-) (1) =8-8 (1) 9-6-8=-8+-0, -5=-5 (1) =;#5%;=;5&; 6 (1) (+1)=(-6)4 (1) 4(+1)=(-6) (1) 1+4=4-1, 1-4=-1-4 (1) 8=-16 =- () (-6)=(-1) (1) (-1)=(-6) (1) 6-=-1, 6-=-1+ (1) 4=-9 =-;4(; 7 (1) =4 (1) ;@;(4+)+a=;4#;_4, 4+a= (1) a=-4 a=-1 () =: : (1) : :a+;!;=;4#;_: :-;#; (1) : :a=4-;#;-;!;, : :a= (1) a=;8#; (1) = (1) (-1)=(+), 4-=+9 (1) 4-=9+ =11 (1) =11 +a=4- (1) _11+a=4_11-, +a=44- (1) a=44-- a=0 () 1.-0.= (1) 1-=8+17, 1-8=17+ (1) 4=0 =5 (1) =5 a+8=8- (1) a_5+8=8-_5, 5a+8=8-10 (1) 5a=8-10-8, 5a=10 (1) a= 9 a-=+b a-=b+, (a-)=b+ a-=0, b++0 a=, b+- +a 10 = +a=10 5 =10-a = 10-a 60

61 10-a 10-a 10-a=, a=7 10-a=6, a=4 10-a=9, a=1 10-a=1, a=- a 1, 4, =1 01 (1) = () =-5 () =-4 0 (1) =- () =7 () =-4 (4) = 0 (1) =;5*; () =6 () =- (4) =- 04 (1) =-1 () =- () =-4 05 (4) =6 (5) = (6) =11 01 (1) 7+4=18 7=18-4 (1) 7=14 = () -10=5-5=10 (1) -=10 =-5 () -5=5+ -5=+5 (1) -=8 =-4 0 (1) -=5+7 (1) -5=7+, -=9 (1) =- () 5-15=+6 5-=6+15, =1 =7 () =-1 (1) 5-6-= (1) -=1 =-4 (4) -8+8=- -8-=--8, -10=-0 (1) = 0 (1) =8 (1) 5=8+48, 5=56 =;%5^;=;5*; () = (1) 5-=1, =1 =6 () 10 6(-)=7(-4) (1) 1-18=7-8, 1-7=-8+18 (1) 5=-10 =- (4) 10 18(-1)=1+1 (1) 18-18=1+1, 18-1=1+18 (1) -1=9 =- 04 (1), 5 15 (1) 5+15=(-), 5+15=-9 (1) 5-=-9-15, =-4 =-1 (), 6, 6 (1) -1=+4, -4=+1 (1) -=4 =- () 4, 8 8 (1) 4-(5-)=5(-) (1) =5-10 (1) 6-5= =-4 (4) 4 4-(-)=0 (1) 4-+=0, 4-=0- (1) =18 =6-7 (5) ;!;-;4#;=, 4, 6 6 (1) 1 (1) 6-9=(-7), -=4-14 (1) --4=-14, -7=-14 (1) = (6) 6 (1) (-)=(+1), -9=+ (1) -=+9 = (1) 1 () (1) a=-4, b= () ;#; =+6 7-=6+4, 5=10 a=5, b=10 a+b=15 III. 61

62 0,, 0-4+a=0, (+a)-4=0 0 +a+0 a = =6, -=6 =- -+5=-+ -+=-5 =- -=+18 --=18-, -5=15 = = =-16-8, 8=-4 =-, (+1)=1, 8--=1 8-=1+, 5=15 = 05, 6 (--1)=6-(+5) -4-= =6-15+, -=-7 = {+;6%;}=5{-;5$;}, 1+10= =-4-10, 7=-14 = (-1)-1.9= (-1)-19=, = 5-=5+19, 4=4 =6 a=6 (-1) : (4-)= : (-1)=(4-) 9-=8-, 9+=8+ 11=11 =1 b=1 a-b=6-1= =-15, 5-=-15+8 =-7 =-;&; -5+5=7-7, 0 = =5-0, 5-5= =0 +=0, =0 =0 10 6(+4)=6+0, 6+4= =0-4, 0 = , 6, 0 6(-1)+5(+a)= a=50, 18+10=50+6-5a 8=56-5a =;4#; 8_;4#;=56-5a, 1=56-5a, 5a=56-1 5a=5 a=7 10 (1) 0.(-)=0.4(+) (1) (-)=4(+)+1, -6=4+8+1 (1) -4=8+1+6, -=15 (1) =-15 (1) =-15 a+1=+16 (1) a_(-15)+1=_(-15)+16 (1) -15a= , -15a=-15 (1) a=1 () -+(-)=-5 (1) -+-6=-5, -+=-5+6 (1) -=1 =-1 5-a 7+a (1) =-1 = 6 5_(-1)-a 7_(-1)+a (1) = 6 (1), 6 6 (1) (-5-a)=-7+a, -15-a=-7+a (1) -a-a=-7+15, -4a=8 (1) a=- 6

63 +a =;1 ; =4 4 _4+a a - =;1 ;, -;4%;=;1 ; 4, 4, 1 1 4(8+a)-15=5, +4a-15=5 4a=5-+15, 4a=-1 a=- 0.(-)+0.(-+b)=0 =4 0.(4-)+0.(-_4+b)= (-8+b)=0, 6-16+b=0 b=16-6, b=10 b=5 a+b=-+5= 1 (1) a+=b-4 (1) -b=-4-a, (-b)=-4-a (1) (1) -b=0, -4-a=0 (1) a=-4, b= () (a-)=4-a (1) a-=4-a, a-+a=4 (1) (a-)=4 (1) 04 (1) a-=0 a=;#; 01 0 (1) () ;{;, ;{;, ;{;, ;{; () 6 (4) 6 0 (1) () 00-, ;1 0º0;_(00-), 0 ;1 0º0;_(00-) () 40 (4) =+8 = (1) 1 () 8 (1) 19 () , 89 1 (1) (1) (5-) (1) 5-+16=(+16) (1) 68-=+, -=-6 (1) =1 (1) 1 () (1) (+1) (1) +1+1=(+1)+10 (1) +44=+6, -=-8 (1) =8 (1) 8 (1) -1,, +1 (1) (-1)++(+1)=54 (1) =54 =18 (1) 17, 18, () -,, + (1) (-)++(+)=78 (1) =78 =6 (1) 4, 6, 8 8 5_10+_1 _10+5_1 10+5= =6 = ( ), ( ) = =0000 = g g III. 6

64 (6+5) 7 9 (7-9) 6+5=7-9, -=-14 = =6_14+5=89() 6 (850-) +;10*0;=;1!0)0*;() (850-)-(850-)_;10^0; =;1ª0 0;(850-)() 19 ;1!0)0*;+;1ª0 0;(850-)= (850-)= = =7000 =500 ;1!0)0*;_500=540() ( 8%)+( 6%)=19 _;10*0;-(850-)_;10^0;=19 =500 7 km (+) km + ;{;+ =6, 4+(+)= =7, 7=6 =9 ;{;=;(;=() 8 (1+) 60(1+)=150, 70+60=150-90=-70 = % 00 g {;10%0;_00} g g 10 % (00-) g, ;1 0º0;_(00-) g ;10%0;_00=;1 0º0;_(00-) 1000=000-10, 10=1000 = g 10 10% 8% + 14 % = g 00 g (00-)g 8% g ;10*0;_+;1 0 0;_(00-)=;1 0º0;_ =000, -6=-100 =00 8% 00 g 11 _;1 0;=;1 0;() ()=()+() ()=+;1 0;=;1!0#;(), 100 ()=()-() ()={;1!0#;-100}() 750 {;1!0#;-100}-=750, ;1 0;=1950 = ;1 6;, ;1 ; ;1 6;_+{;1 6;+;1 ;}_+;1 ;_1=1 64

65 ;1 6;+;4 8;+;1 ;=1, 9+7+4=48 7=5 = _;1 0;=;1 0;() ()=()+()=+;1 0;=;1!0#;(), 0 % ()=()-() ()={;1!0#;-;1!0#;_;1 0º0;}() (1) 15 g () 1500 g 1 16, (+00)= =4400, 5=4000 = (49+), (1+) 49+=(1+)-8, 49+=9+-8 -=-18 = ,, + +=(-)+-, +=-4 -=-6 =6 4, 6, ;!;+;6!;+5+;4!;+7= =1 -=-144 = ( )-( ) =( ) 15_10-(15-5)_(10-)= =110 0=60 = 810 {;1!0#;-;1!0#;_;1 0º0;}-=-810 ;1!0#;-;1 0ª0;-=-810, -;10(0;=-810 = ;5!;, ;1 0; ;5!;_+{;5!;+;1 0;}_=1 4+=10, =6 = 08 (80-) -;1 0º0;=;1ª0;(), (80-)+(80-)_;10*0;=;1!0)0*;(80-)() 10 ;1ª0;+;1!0)0*;(80-)= = =-7560 =40 ;1ª0;_40=78() 09 {;6#0);+} 4{;!;+}=16, +4=16-1=- =;6!; ;6!;_60=10( ) III. 65

66 10 ( )+( )=( ) =1800, 00=1800 = A, B 1 ;4 8;, ;6 4; ;6 4;_6+{;4 8;+;6 4;}_= =19, 7=84 =1 1 1 (1) g ;10*0;_0+=;1 0 0;_(0+) = =10 =15 15 g () 1 % 00 g {;1 0 0;_00} g g % (00+)g ;10@0;_(00+)g ;1 0 0;_00=;10@0;_(00+) 600=600+, -=-000 = g Step (1) =- () =5 () = , 08 a (1) -(4-4--9)=-5 (1) -(-1)=-5, -+1=-5 (1) -+5=--1, 4=-15 (1) =-: 4 : () 100 (1) -15=-7+0 (1) +7=0+15, 9=45 (1) =5 (1-) -1 () -+ = (1), 6 (1) (1-)=(-1) (1) =6- (1) =--4 (1) -8=-7 =;8&; 0 (7-)=4(-), 14-6= =-1-14, -10=-6 =;1@0^;=: 5 : 0,, 1 4+1=5(-1)+ 4+1=5-5+, -=-16 = =4_16+1=77() 5 (-1) 04 =- {-(-)}+(-)_(-) _(-) _(-)=0.1_(-)+1 - +;!;+1 ;@;_(-)-;6&;+;4%;_(-) 66

67 05 a-10=5(+b) a-10=5+5b a=5-10=5b b=- a+b=5+(-)= =( ) (8+)_(4+)-4_8= =8, 7=14 = 06 ;4#;=6 4 ;4#;_4=6_4 =4 07, 08 +=5-a, (1+a)= 0 1+a+0 a =8, 10=40 = =(-1)-1 +=4(-1)-, += =-6-, -=-9 = = a+6=+4a a_+6=+4a, a-4a=-6 -a=- a= 11 A 10 cm 1 0. cm B 10 5cm cm 5-0.=0-0.5, 50-=00-5 =50 =5 5 1 ( )-( ) 1 5_10+_1 _10+5_1 10+5=50++9, 10-= =54 = A ;4 0;, B ; ; A {;4 0;+; ;}_8+;4 0;=1, ;ª0;+;4 0;=1 18+=40 = A 15 0 % _;1 0º0;=;5!;() ()=()+()=+;5!;=;5^;(), 00 ()=()-() ()={;5^;-00}() 700 {;5^;-00}-=700, ;5!;=1000 = Step : 4 : 05 6cm (1) () =1 08 = ;#; 1 7, =-;!;, 6 III. 67

68 (-4)-(-1)=- -8-+=-, -=-+8- -= =- 5(-a)=4a-7=-1 5(-1-a)=4a_(-1)-7-5-5a=-4a-7, -5a+4a=-7+5 -a=- a= (-4)- = (-4)-5(-1)= = = , =6 = -a -a = =+ 6 -a -a =+, (-a)=1+-a 6 6-6a=15-a, -6a+a=15-6 -a=9 a=- 06 -;5!;(+a)=- 5 5-(+a)= a=-15 =a-15 =a-5 a-5 a 1,,, =10 07 (1) 5 a a+=+4 (1) =- =- (1) a_(-)+=_(-)+4, -a=-4 (1) a= (1) 5 () 5+=+4 (1) 5-=4-, = =1 0 (-) : (+)=5 : (-)=5(+), -6= =15+6, -7=1 =- =- (+a) : (a-)= : {_(-)+a} : {a-(-)}=: (-6+a)=(a+) -1+a=a+9, a-a=9+1 -a=1 a=-1 04 (-5) {1-;@;}=-8 -(-5)+{1-;@;}-6= =-8 --= =-15 =: 4 : 05 cm (+4) cm ;!;{+(+4)}_8=64 ;!;(+4)_8=64, 8+16=64, 8=48 =6 6cm 08 7-(-)=4-a 7-+4=4-a, 7-+a=4-4 (5+a)=0 5+a=0 a=-5 -a + a=-5 = +a -(-5) + = -5, (+5)=(+)-0 +10=6+-0, -= =-4 = % 00 g {;1 0º0;_00} g g 0 % 0 % (00-40+) g ;1 0º0;_(00-40+) g ;1 0º0;_00+=;1 0º0;_(160+) = =100 =15 15 g 68

69 10 (600-) +;1 0º0;=;1!0!;() (600-)-=(598-)() 5% ;1!0!;+(598-)= _;10%0; (598-)= = =00 =0 ;1!0!;=;1!0!;_0=5() 11 1 A ;!;, B ;!;, C ;6!; ()=()-() 000_;10*0;={-;1 0º0;} = = = =700() 14 m 00 m 00+ m, 1 1 km m = (00+)=4(1000+) 00+11=4000+4, 7=700 = m ;!;+;!;-;6!;=1, +-=6 4=6 =;#; ;#; Step =6(-)+5 4+7= =-14 = =4_7+7=5() 6 (-1) (-) 1 0 % {-;1 0º0;_} 8% {000_;10*0;} 05 (1) 10;1!1); () 4 54;1 1; 06 : 5 :% 07 (1) 6 km () ;%; 01 A ( ) ()+( 5 %)=() _;10%0;= =00, 60=40 =4 4 0 g ;1 0º0;_(00-)+;10%0;_100=;10^0;_ =1800, -10=-700 III. 69

70 =70 70 g _ =100() _ =40() 5+,, (-100), (-40) -100=-40 =60 5=5_60=00() A B, ;6!;_;5$;=;1 5;, ;4!;_;5$;=;5!;, ;1 5;, ;5@; A ;1 5;+;5@;+;6{;=1, 8+1+5=0 5=10 = A =6, = =0.5 (1) (1) ( )=6 (1) ( )=(0_+0.5) (1) =6, 10+=1 (1) -11=-10 =: 1 1º:=10;1!1); (1) 10;1!1); () 4 (1) ( )=6 (1) ( )=(0_4+0.5) (1) 6-(10+0.5)=180 (1) =180, 5.5=00 00 (1) = =: 1º1º:=54;1 1; A 100 g B B a% ;1 0º0;_400+;1 0º0;_100=;10A0;_ =5a, -5a=-90 a=18 B 18 % B 100 g A A b% ;1 0º0;_400+;1 0 0;_100=;10B0;_ =5b, -5b=-58 b=: 5 : A : 5 :% 07 (1) km (+) km (1) 6km40 (1) (+)_;6$0);=6 (1) +=9 =6 (1) 6km () 6-=(km) 5km (1) ;%; km (1) 15 () 95 1 =-1 5+a=-+1 5_(-1)+a=-_(-1)+1-5+a= a=8 =-1 0.1(+4)=b{+;1!0!;} 0.1(-1+4)=b{-1+;1!0!;} (1) 4 54;1 1; (1) ;1 0;=;1 0;b b= a+b=8+=11 70

71 A B km ()-(=;6#0); ;6 0;-;8 0;=;6#0); 40 4-=10 =10 A B 10 km (+0.15)=0.05(-0.6) (+0.15)=5(-0.6) = = =15 =;!; a=;!; (1) 6+5=7(-)+4 6+5= =15 15 () 6+5=6_15+5=95() 6 9a -a=9_{;!;} -_;!; 9a -a=1-1=0 a =1, 6 (+1)-(-1)=6 +-+=6, -=6-- =1 =1 -+a=--1 (-)_1+a=(-)_1-1 -+a=--1 a= =1 4 a 5 6_10+_1 _10+6_1 10+6= =7 =8 4 9a -a 1 g 5+50=4_50 5=150 =0 0 g (7-) 0+8+6(7-)= =80 =8 =4 4 0 g 4 [ 8-4(-1)= =4 4+4=60 = cm 14 III. 71

72 (1) y=00 01 () 1 ()=()_() y=60 =1, y y=-1, 1 y= 1, y=5,, (1) 0 () 9 () - 4 (1) 1 () -5, (cm) 1 4 y(cm ) () y=;[^; 01 () y 0 (1) 1, () 5 () -1 (4) 0 (5) (1) () () () 1 4 y() (cm) 1 6 y(cm) y, 4, y, 6, y 4, 8, y 5, 10, y 0 () f()=_-1=5 () f(0)=_0-1=-1 (4) f{;!;}=_;!;-1=0 (5) f(-1)=_(-1)-1=-4 (1) f(6)=-;@;_6+4=0 () f(-)=-_(-)+=11 (1) f(1)=-_1+=-1 (1) f(-)+ f(1)=11+_(-1)=9 () f(a)=-5 4a+7=-5, 4a=-1 (1) a=- 4 (1) f(1)=-4 f()=;[a; =1 (1) f(1)=;1a;=-4 a=-4 (1) a=-4 f()=-;[$; 4 (1) f(-)=- =, f(4)=-;4$;=-1 - (1) f(-)+f(4)=+(-1)=1 () f(-)=4 f()=a- =- (1) -a-=4, -a=6 a=- (1) a=- f()=-- (1), f(b)=-7 -b-=-7, -b=-5 (1) b=;%; (1) ab=(-)_;%;=-5 0 f(0)=-_0=0, f(1)=-_1=- f(0)+f(1)=0-= f()=a = f()=a=1 a=6 a=6 f()=6 f(-1)=6_(-1)= ;6!; 06 (1) 0 () =, y y=4, 6, 8, y y 7

73 () 10 ()= y= () y 0, 1, y=500- y=10 0 f()=-4_+=-10 f(-1)=-4_(-1)+=6 f()-5 f(-1)=_(-10)-5_6=-50 0 f(-1)=_(-1)-4= A(-4, 1), B(0, ), C(, 4), D(, 0), E(, -), F(0, -), G(-1, -) (1) () 4 () (4) 1 (5) (6) 04 f(a)=5 f()=-1 =a a-1=5, a=6 a= g()=b g()=-;[#;+ = 01 B A C D ;#;+=b b=1 a+b=+1= 05 f(a)-f(a)= 1 - -{- }=, - = a=-;6!; a a a 0 y C O - E -4 D A F 4 B a 06 (1) f(-5)= f()= =-5 a (1) f(-5)= = a= (1) a=-10 f()=- (1) f {-;!;}=-10 {-;!;}=-10_(-)=0 04 y ( -, + ) O 1 (+, +) 4 ( -, - ) ( +, - ) () f(1)=-4 f()=-a+ =1 f(1)=-a+=-4 a=7 (1) a=7 f()=-7+ (1) f(-)=-7_(-)+=17 (1) f()=-7_+=-18 (1) f(-)+f()=17+(-18)=-1 07 g()=-5 g()=-;[a; = g()=-;a;=-5 a=15 f(b)=15 f()=+1 =b f(b)=b+1=15, b=14 b=7 a-b=15-_7=1 05 (1) A(-, ) <0, y>0 () B(4, -) >0, y<0 4 () C(-1, -) <0, y<0 (4) D(5, 5) >0, y>0 1 (5) E(0, 0) (6) F(0, -4) IV. 7

74 () C{-, ;!;} <0, y>0 1 A(-5), B{-;&;}, C{;#;}, D() (1) {-;!;, 0} () (0, 5) (1) 4 () 1 () (4) (1) (-, -5), (, 5), (, -5) () 4 y 4 F A B -4 - O 4 - C E D -4 (1) y 0, -;!; (1) {-;!;, 0} () y 0, y 5 (0, 5) 4 P y 0, ;!;a+6=0, ;!;a=-6 a=-1 Q y 0, b-6=0, b=6 b= a+b=-1+=-9 5 A(-4, ), B(, ), C(0, 7) ( ABC =;!;_( AB =_( CH =;!;_6_4=1 6 (1) A(5, -) >0, y<0 4 () B(, 7) >0, y>0 1 A y C 6 4 H -4 - O B (4) D(-10, -5) <0, y<0 7 P(-a, b) -a<0, b>0, a>0, b>0 a+b>0, ab>0 Q(a+b, ab) (+, +) 1 8 (1) y (-, -5) (1) y (, 5) (1), y (, -5) () y (1), =a- a=4 (1) a+1=-b 4+1=-b b=-5 (1) P(4, -5) (1) P(4, -5) 4 01 E(, 0) (1) (-6, 0) () {0, ;4#;} () : : y<0 y >y >0, y<0 (+, -) 4 (-, +) (-, -) (-, +) (+, +) 1 74

75 0 P(a, b) a<0, b>0 ab<0, b-a>0 Q(ab, b-a) (-, +) (1) y 0, -6 (-6, 0) () y 0, y ;4#; 0 01 (1) -, 1, -, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -,, 01 (1) 01 (),,, 0, 0, 0, 0,,,, 01 (1) 0 (1) -1, -, -4, 4,, 1,, 01 (1) 01 () 1,,, 6, -6, -, -, -1,, 01 (1) () {0, ;4#;} () A, B y 0 (), b-=0 b= () a+1=0 a=-1 () A(a, b-), B(b, a+1), () C(a+b, a-b) () A(-1, 0), B(6, 0), C(0, -5) () A, B, C y A () ( ABC () =;!;_7_5=: : C O B 01 (1) y () O 4-0 (1) y () O y 4 y O O , y, Q(6, -5) a+=6 a=4 b-6=-5 b=1 a+b=4+1=5 06 A(, ), B(-, 0), C(-, -), D(1, -) ABCD ( ABCD ) =6_4-{;!; 6+;!; 4} =4-(6+4) =14 E B -4 - C y A - O 4 D F 1, 0 4 A(, -8) >0 y =1, y=6_1=6 =-1, y=6_(-1)=-6 (1, 6)(-1, -6) 6>0 1, (1) =,y=-;@;_=- IV. 75

76 (1) (, -) (1) () =,y=;!;_=1 y=;!; (1) (, 1) () =1, y=4_1=4 y=4 (1, 4) y 4 () 1 O 1 - (-1, ) y=b =-1, y= =b_(-1) b=- y=- (a, -4) y=- =a, y=-4-4=-a a= a+b=+(-)=0 4 y=a, (-1, 4) =-1, y=4 4=-a a=-4 y=-4 y=-4 A A (k, -8) -8=-4k k= A(, -8) 5 =,y=-;(;=- (, -) -9<0 4 6 y=;[a; (-8, 1) a 1= a=-8-8 y=-;[*; (1) () 8 y=-;[*; =-4 y=- = -4 (-4, ) y=-;[*; 7 y=;[a;, (-4, ) =-4, y= a = a= y=y=- (, k) 1 k=-: :=-6 8 A y -4 y=;[$; y=-4-4=;[$; =-1 A(-1, -4), A y=a =-1, y=-4-4=-a a=4 01, y=a (, -) =, y=- -=a a=-;#; y=;[$; (-1, b) =-1, y=b b= ab={-;#;}_(-4)=6 4-1 b=-4 0 y=a {-, ;#;} =-, y=;#; ;#;=-a a=-;4#; y=-;4#; y=-;4#; =4 76

77 y=-;4#;_4=- (4, -) y=-;4#; (1) =4()() =16() (4) y= =8 y= =6() 8 04 y=;[a; (1, ) =1, y= =a y=;[#; y=;[#; {b, -;#;} -;#;=;b#; b=- a+b=+(-)=1 05 A y=;$; = y=;$;_=4 A(, 4), A y=;[a; =, y=4 4=;A; a=1 0 () y=7 =15 y=7_15=105(l) () 04 ()= () (1) =1()() =6() 0 40 () 40 =4() 60 (4) (km/) y y() y (6) y= y= 40 (6) = =80(km/) 06 y=;[*; y=8 y (-1, -8), (-, -4), (-4, -), (-8, -1), (1, 8), (, 4), (4, ), (8, 1) (1) y= () 10 y= 5 1 () y= y=0 0= =10 10 m y y=5 y=;[%; 01 (1) 6 () 54 () 18 (4) (1) 4 () 16 () (4) 6 0 (1) 14, 1, 7 () 7 () (1) 1 () 6 () 4 (4) (5) 01 (6) (1) 18_=6(cm ) () 18_=54(cm ) (4) y=18 =00 y=18_00=600(cm ) y= 0 (1) y=5 () (1) y= () cm y= A 16, B y y IV. 77

78 A B 16=y y=;!; 10 10= = (1) 5cm 5 cm y y=5 () 80 cm (1) y=5 y=80 (1) 80=5 =16 (1) 16 0 (1) 4000 m (1) ()_()=() 4000 (1) y=4000 y= 4000 () y= =00 (1) y=: º0º0º:=0 (1) 00 m 0 04 y cm y=;[a; =5, y=0 0=;5A; a=150 y= 150 y=: 1 0º:=15 =10, cm 05 A 1 40_0 B 1 y A B _0=y y= ( )=8_15=10 y 10 y=10 y= 10 y= 10 y=10 Step (1) - () 5 () (1) 1 () 1 : 01 =4,y=-;4#;_4=- y=-;4#; (4, -) =,y=-;4#;_=-;4(; y=-;4#; {, -;4(;} y 0 y=-;@; =- y=-;@;_(-)=;$; {-, ;$;} y=-;@; 0 y=a a y a y=- y 04 y=a a<0,y=;[a; a>0, y 05 y=.14 () ()= y=;[$; () y=( ) =1,1 1 1 y=1 =, 1, y= 78

79 =, 1, y= =, y y=, 4, 6, y ( ) ( )= _( ) 100 y=;10{0;_500=5,,, y y y y 06 (1) B(-, 6) y=a (1) 6=-a a=- y=- (1), A(1, ) y=- (1) =-_1=- () y=-;[^; (-, a) 6 (1) a=- = - (1), (b, -) (1) -=-;b^; b= (1) a+b=+=5 () f()=6 a-=6, a=8 (1) a=4 (1) f()=4- (1) f(-)=4_(-)-=-10-4=6a a=-;@; y=-;@; y=-;@; (k, ) =-;@;k k=- 11 A a+b<0, ab>0 ab>0 a b a+b<0 a<0, b<0 a<0 -a>0 (-a, b) (+, -) 4 1 (1) y<0, y (1) >y >0, y<0 (1) y<0 -y>0 (, -y) (+, +) () 1 () P(-a, b) () -a<0, b<0 () -a<0 a>0 ab<0, b-a<0 () Q(ab, b-a) (-, -) 1 Q a P(a, 8) y=;4#; =a, y=8 8=;4#;a a=: : ( OPQ )=;!;_: : 07, 08 y=a a>0, a<0 a y 09 y=;[a; (, 4) 1 4=;A; a=1 y= 1 y= (k, -6) 1-6= k=- k 10 y=a (6, -4) Step 01, a=, b=;5$; 09 (1) 1 () 6, 8, 10, 14, P(6, 4) y=( ) =, y=, 1, 0, y y=( ) =, y=1, IV. 79

80 y=( ) =, 1 y=1 =, 1 y=1 =4, 4 1 y=1 y=( ) =1, y=,, 4, y y=( 1 ) =, y= =, y=4 =4, y=5, y y,, y y 0 f()=- f(a)=7 f(a)=a-=7, a=10 a=5 g()=-;[#;+ g(1)=b g(1)=-+=b b=-1 a+b=5+(-1)=4 0 y=;[a; (, -) -=;A; a=-6 y=-6 04 f()=;[a; (-6, 6) a 6= a= f()=f()=- =-18, f(9)=- = f()+f(9)=_(-18)-4= ( A )_( ) =( B )_( ) 150 0_5=y y= ( ) 06 ( )= _100(%) ( ) ( )=; 0º0;_100=10(%) ( ) ( )= _( ) 100 y=;1 0º0;_=;1 0; y 10 _40=y y= 10 y= y= = = (a+5)=-a-1 -a-5=-a-1, a=4 a= -(4-b)=-b -4+b=-b, 5b=4 b=;5$; 09 (1) 1 1,,, 4, 6, 1 f(1)=6 (1) 18 1,,, 6, 9, 18 f(18)=6 (1) f(1)+f(18)=6+6=1 () f()=4, 4 0 6, 8, 10, 14, _15=00(), y 00 y=00 y= 00 y= =10 y=: 1º0º:= A(, -) B B(, ) A(, -) C C(-, ) A, B, C ( ABC )=;!;_4_6=1 C y 4 - O - -4 B A 80

81 1 y=6 = y=6_=1 A(, 1) y=- = y=-_=-4 B(, -4) AOB 1-(-4)=16 ( AOB )=;!;_16_=16 1 P a P{a, ;@;a} ( OPQ )=;!;_a_;@;a=;!!;a ;!!;a =1 a =6 a=6 ( a>0) P(6, 4) 14 A - y=-;%; =- y=-;%;_(-)=5 A(-, 5) y=;[a; A(-, 5) a 5= a=-10 - a 15 y= {;#;, -10} -10=a ;#;, -10=a_;@; a= y=- y (-15, 1), (-5, ), (-, 5), (-1, 15), (1, -15), (, -5), (5, -), (15, -1) 8 16, y m y=a y=a (, 400) 400=a a=00 y=00 y=b y=b (, 00) 00=b b=100 y=100 6 km(=6000 m) 6000=00 =0 6000=100 = =0() 17 B (, 0) A (, 4) ABCD ( AD )=( AB )=4 D (+4, 4), (6, 4) D y= a 4=;6A; a=4 18 y=a A(-, ) =-a a=-;@; y=a B(-1, 6) 6=-a a=-6, -6 a -;@; a -6, -5, -4, -, -, -1 6 Step ;8#; =1 +=-1-1 =- =-;#; f(1)=-_{-;#;}+1=: : 0 A(4, 4a), B(4, ) AB 4a- AOB 1 IV. 81

82 ;!;_4_(4a-)=1, 8a=16 a= 0 y=;$; = y=4, y=;[a; (, 4) 4=;A; a=1 1 y= 1 1 y= y=6 6= = Q(, 6) OPQR ( OPQR )=;!;_(+)_6=15 06 A y= A(, 4), A(, 4) y=;[a; 4=;A; a=8 y=;[*; B A B(, 0) 4 P +;#;_4=8 P(8, 0) P Q Q(8, m) Q(8, m) y=;[*; m=1 Q(8, 1) ( ABPQ )=;!;_(4+1)_6 ( ABPQ )=15 04 A(, ), B(-, 0), C(1, -) ( ADEF ) =4_4=16 ( ADB )=;!; 4=4 D y A B - O E - C F (1) y= () : : ( BEC )=;!; = ( ACF )=;!;_1_4= ( ABC )=16-(4++)=7 05 ( ABC ) =;!;_8_6=4 y=a BC D ( ADC )=;!;_8_( DC ) ( ADC )=1 ( DC )= D (-8, ) y=a D(-8, ) =-8a a=-;8#; y=a D B C -8 y 6 A O 1 P(a, -b) 1 a>0 -b>0 b<0 ab<0, a-b>0 Q(ab, a-b) (-, +) ABC 4 4 ( ABC) =;!;_4_4=8 f()=- f()=a a=-_=-6 g()=- 1 g(b)=-4 y 4 B -4 - O 4 A - C -4 8

83 1-4=- b= b ab=-6_=-18 a b ab 1 4=-: b : b=- (-, 4) (-, 4) y=a 4=-a a=-;$; a+b=-;$;+(-)=-: : 4 y=a (, -1) -1=a a=-;!; b a a+b 1 y=-;!; y=-;!; (-4, k) k=-;!;_(-4)=, (l, -6) -6=-;!;_l l=1 k-l=-1=-10 k l k-l 1 5 (1) y y= (1) y= () y= = (1) y= = (1) y 5 500, y=- =b, y= y=- =-; 0; 10 y=-; 0; =60 y=-; 0;_60=-9-9 æ y=-; 0;, -9 C =6 60 y=6 y=6 =5 y=6_5= y=6, 150 () 4 =4 Ay=6000=6000_4=4000 By= =5000_4+000 =000, 4 A 4000, B 000 B (1) Ay=6000 (1) By= () B IV. 8

84 () () , 70, 7, 7, 76, 77, 78, 78, 79, 79, 81, (1), () () 0, 1,, (4) 0, 6, 7 0 (5) 5 (6) 6 0 (1) () 5 () (4) 5 (5) (1) () (1) 6 () 6 kg () 8 (4) 01 () 0 1 (0 6 6) (6) 0 (1) 8 () m (4) (5) (1) () ()=( ) 1 ()=6 1=8() 1 +4=7() 1 (1) 1 (1) () 7 (1) 70 () 95 () (5 5) () 7 5 (1) 7 04 (1) 5 9,,, 1, 1, 4 6 () 6 kg () 46 kg 54 kg 46 kg, 47 kg, 5 kg, 5 kg 4 46 kg, 51 kg, 51 kg, 54 kg 4 4+4=8() (4) ( ) 11 =59 11=48.09y ( ) 11 =485 11=44.09y 84

85 0 01 (1) () () 5 cm (4) 5 0 (5) 160 cm 165 cm (6) cm 0 (7) 165 cm 170 cm (8) 14 0 (9) 0 % 0 (1) () 0 () 140 (4) () 0 (1) (5) 7 (cm) 145 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 170 () () =5(cm) (6) 165 cm 170 cm =167.5(cm) (8) 155 cm 4+7+=14() (9) 155 cm +4=6() 6 _100=0(%) 0 () () () ()_() 11 ~ 15 6 _6=18 15 ~ _9= 6 19 ~1 1 ~ A _4= 44 15_1=15 B () A= =0 () B= =140 (4) , 9 1 4, (5) ()= =7() (1) 9 () 0 () 75 (4) (1) 4 () 40 % (cm) 180 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ 0 0 ~ 40 (1) A=40-( ) =9 () 0-0=0() () () =75() (4) , , (1) 16 (B+) 0 0 % B+ () _100=0 0 (1) B+=6 B=4 () 0 (1) +4++A+4+=0 (1) A=5 (1) 8 16 (1) +A=+5=8() (1) ; 0;_100=40(%) 4 64-;*; <64+;*; 60 <68 () V. 85

86 5 () 10_+0_+50_5+70_8+90_ = = =55() A ()= =7 1+A 795+5A=777+7A A=18 A= =10() 0 A=50-(+8++)= =55() =() ;5#0@;_100=64(%) , =7() , ()= % < ()= 55_+65_8+75_+85_15+95_ =76.8() 50 ( ) ( ) 10 ()- <() < < A+10+=1+A() ()= 15_+5_6+5_A+45_10+55_ 1+A (1) () 1 () 8 (4) 16.5 (5) , 40, 4, 4 ( ) ( ) 0 () 14-1=1() (4) =16.5() (5) =50() 1 (1) (1) =60() (1) =() (1) ;6#0#;_100=55(%) 1 (1) 55 % () () ( )=( )_( ) () ( )=10_60= ( )_()=10_10=

87 =0() () 45_1+55_+65_4+75_7+85_5+95_1 = 0 = =7() % 80 40_;1 0º0;=8() (+6+8)=11() (4) () 45_1+55_+65_4+75_+85_1 (4) = 10 (4) =: 1 0º:=65() ;[*;_100=0 =40() ( )=1() 01, 0,, 0 (1) 65 () 0 % () (4) =40() 50-40=10() =45() =16(),, 0 (1) () =65() () 70 +1=() () ;1 0;_100=0(%) () , 70 80, (1) () 10 () (4) (5) 45 (6) 0 (7) 65 ( ) (kg) 0 () 50-40=10() (5) =45() (6) ( )= =0() (7) , 50 60, =65() V. 87

88 0 ( ) =( )_( ) =8_( )=8_6=88 () ( ) (1) =( )_( ) =_0=90 1 (1) 40 () cm () 0 % 7. (1) 40 () 9 1 (1) =40() () 165 cm 170 cm cm 170 cm (1) =167.5(cm) () 155 cm 160 cm 1 (1) ;4!0@;_100=0(%) =0() _1+4_5+6_9+8_8+10_4+1_ ()= 0 ()=: 0 :=7.() (1) 70 (1) 9+=1() 1 (1) _100=0 =40() () (1) 40-( )=9() 01 0 (1) 6, () 0 % () 90 0 (1) 7 () 9 04, 01 A B, C D, E F 0 () =0() (1) 9 (1) 1+5=6() (1) ; 0;_100=0(%) 0 (1) (1) _100=76 50 (1) =7() () 19 0 (1) 50-( )=9() 04 ( )= =5() ( )= =5() , 14 15, =15.5() 01 (1), (), 0 (), (4) 1 0 (1) 40 kg 45 kg () A=0., B=0.4, C=0.08, D=1 0 (1) 50 () A=0., B=0, C=0., D=1 0 () 40 % (4) 0 (1) 40 kg 45 kg 88

89 60 () A= =0., B= =0.4, () C= = D=1 0 (1) ( )= =50() () A= =0. 50 B=50_0.4=0 10 C= =0. 50 D=1 () = _100=40(%) (4) 0.4 ( ) ( ) 1 (1) 50 () () 0. (4) 4 % (1) 80 () B, AB, O 5 (1) 8 () 44 % () (1) 160 cm 170 cm 0.04 () ( )= =50() 0.04 () A=50_0.04= () 170 cm 180 cm () ()= =0. 50 () B=1-( ) =0. (4) 160 cm () =0.4 (5) 0.4_100=4(%) (4) 160 cm +10=1() (5) ;5!0@;_100=4(%) (1) (5) ( )= =80() 0.05 () ()=;8!0@;= ( )=0.8 ()=10_0.04+0_0.1+0_ _0.8+50_0. ()= ()=6.7() 4 B, AB, O A B AB y O y 1 1 A 5 (1) (1) 50_0.16=8() () 55 (1) =0.44 (1) 0.44_100=44(%) () 0.04 (1) 50_0.04=() V. 89

90 6 4 5 a, 5a a 5a = % ( )=0. 50_0.=75() 8.5 A _0.4=160(), B _0.=150() A B 10, 1 A = _0.7=80(), B = _0.65=5() B A 4 A =0.6, B 0.+0.=0.5 A0.6_100=60(%) B0.5_100=50(%) 4 A =0. 400_0.=10(), B = _0.5=175() 01 (1) 40 () 10 () 0.4 (4) 10 % (1) (1) ( )= =40() 0.1 () (1) 40_0.5=10() () ;4!0^;=0.4 (4) = = _100=10(%) ( )= = _0.05= 0 A 0_0.=6() A 0_0.6=1() A 6+1=18() ;5!0*;= O B 1-( )=0.56 O B 1, = =7() 50 B ( )= 8 0. =40() 90

91 , ( )=0. 40_0.=1() 1-( )=0.1 ( )_100=15(%) 06 Step 01, 0 0 (1) 145 cm () % (1), 6 cm () 19 cm ,, 15 01, 0 45 kg 50 kg 50-( )=18() =47.5(kg) 0 (1) 10 B 140 cm 150 cm (1) =145(cm) () 150 cm (4+A) 40 % 4+A (1) _100=40, 4+A=8 0 (1) A= ;5!0&;= ;4!5^;=0.55y cm 14 cm +5=8() =40() 15_4+5_8+5_1+45_10+55_6 ()= 40 ()=: ;4$0^;º:=6.5(m) _4+65_6+75_8+85_A+95_ =7 0+A A+190=7(0+A) 1A=60 A=5 10 (1) ( ) (1) =( ) 10 (1) =150 10=15(cm) (1) ( ) (1) =( ) 9 (1) =1071 9=119(cm) (1) =6(cm) (1) () cm 11 84_+ =84+, 5+=48 4 =96() 1 A 8.5_11=1.5() B V. 91

92 0.5_9=74.5() ( ) (A )+(B ) = (A, B ) = 11+9 =: 0 :=9.4() ( )= =00() _0.08=16() _0.04=8() (16+8)=176() Step a+55b (1) B () () 6 % (4) 70 75,7580, 80 85, m m kg 15 a=4, b=8 01 TV ( )=10() 0_5+50_6+70_10+90_5+110_4 ()= 0 ()= =68() 14 ( )_5=100 ( )_5= kg 1, 55 kg 60 kg =57.5(kg) 0,, = _100=8(%) 0 4, 0 0-;$; <0+;$; 8 < a=8, b= a-b=_8-= A+5+B=0 A+B=15yy AB= A=B yy A=15-B (15-B)=B, 0-B=B, 5B=0 B=6, A=9 A-B= 04 A B, A 9=4, =6 =1() =5() 05 a+b=1-( )=0.6 a=0.6_;1 ;=0.5 9