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1 .. Q.... M M : M Q : Q M : //Q.,.. I FG FE F FG, HG EH H HG F G FG ;!;_F _FG ;!;_G _F ;!;_'_;!; F F ' FG, HG H G, H F E G H '. FG HG F, H. FH ' FH ' ' {} +{} -(') cos h -;!; ' ' cos h;!; a b +c -bc cos b c +a -ca cos c a +b -ab cos. QR Q QR a a Q M 60 8, R M Q a b QR QM., QM R QR, b R a 60. R a tan 60 _ 6 8, 8+, 8+6 a, b a+b5 R c b a b 5

2 .. M 6 H 5æ M 6 M 90 å M., " ('6) -() 6 H5 M M _ M p_('6) _;#;+;!; 8p+ M " +M " + 5 a 5. QR Q QR " + 'å0 R " + ' Q R I ' Q I æ ('å0) -{ } R Q 0 0 I - '(a+bp) '(a+bp)(8p+)cos 5 (8p+)_ '(9p+6) a6, b9 a+b5 ' 5 Æ : : QR;!;_'_Æ : : 7. QR, QR GH G G;!; ;(; 'å 6. cos h;(; cos h 'å 'å 'å H " 6 -() '6 H, a H 5æ, 0 S. -p6-p 6-p S cos 0 S 6-p 0 (-p) S a, b- a+b

3 8., h M M, H :MÚH : cos h MÚH ÚM MÚH ;!; ÚM 6 Ω M H 6 QR r r 6 -(') 8 8p.,, S, S, S. r ;!;r(6+6+6) r _6 ;!;{ _6 -p}-p S S(-p)_cos h_ H, G, EH, FG. H G E F 9. (-p)_;!;_ -p (S+p) () 7 7, H Q', Q S. QQ'ª QS Q' 6 Q " (') +6 8 Q 6' S 6'_; 8;' Q 6 8 S Q F Q' 6 S E G Q' H 0 ' ' G, G, GH' H' G' H. G a, E F G, GH' hgh' G +GH' -H' cos h 5 G GH' (a) +('a) -('5a) cos h 5 a 'a cos h0 p h p.

4 0. l,, m " +. ( ) l " 5 +. () F H F. (). () FG H FG. () å ' 6 m 06 ' cos h ' cos h 5 H G 00 cos h00_ E F ( ), " +7 ' 655, ( ), h h,, 05 7 sin h " 5-5 ' 000 sin h; 0; a, yy` " + " + 'ƒ6+9 ' 55 7 Ω 5 07 a, HH H M H _ _sin 60 H _a_ H M a H cos h 08 H H H, H EH H EH h h HE, H " + '5 EH " + E ' H Ω cos h H +EH -E H EH 5

5 09 ('5) +(') - _'5_' - ' 0 ' 0 0 a, M, F M, FM E H M, FM h. M, F M øπ -M M " (a) -a M a FM a F E H H MH F H F øπm -MH " (a) -a 'a MF 0 M +FM -F cos h M FM a +a -8a cos h 5 a a cos h- Q a 60 m mq cos 60 _ ' Q Q' a, Q a M MQ cos 0 _ M+m+6, Q, R, EFGH h, Q 5 Ω Q R Ω Q -Q Q -R - +5 " 5 - 'ƒ5-9 cos h 5, S, S 6p, p 68 (6p+p) cos h7p_ p m m tan 0 5, m, 0 a 0 l lm cos 0 _ ' Q Q' a 6

6 0 l m a l m a M G G ( ). G G //, G G G G G G. ( ). G, G, G M -EF. G, G G G G EF., G, G. ( ) F G G E G b l a 0 F G G G. a G HF yy 0 M, N, F FH F. b FH yy` G, G G G ;@;MÚN ;@;_;!;_ G G M N H FH H. c HF yy`,, HF p a+b+c p ;!; ««. ««;!; V«{;!;} V«; 7;V«0 ;N'+! V«a5 a -; 7; ;@6&;a5. M M, M 05 a H H a yy, M M yy HM, amh. M H a cos hcos ( MH) 7

7 06 MH coh h M øπ( sin 60 ) - coh h sin 60 øπ() - coh h '6 b a H H. 60, H Q H' H' H' QH', H'H H H' sin 0 Q sin 60 _sin 0 _sin 60 _sin 0 07 øπm -H coh h M,, E H, I H, I, F, M. { } +{ } -{ } cos h - E Ω - - H M I F H b cos h 9 H E HE., M MH M HM sin 60 HM _6_ E M H HM, E : EM M -E EM - EM _6- _6 EMH 09 EH øπem +MH EH øπ +(). cos h' ' b ' '. ( ). M G. G :GM :.., ' G 'M G G' M'ª GMG'. 'G' : G'M :. G' '. ( ).. M _ M G' ' 8

8 . 'M cos h., ' '.., ' +' < (+ cos h)+(+ cos `h)<, 6 cos h<. cos h< ( ) 0, G, G E G,, G 0 M, M M M 0 0æ S 60æ G G M M F S S0 p`cos 0 S' 800p(cm ), 60 6' S' S' cos p ', F G S'_ 800p, F E M S'600p(cm ) E G G M sin 60 M M G 6_ H H F E M Ω M M H M M M M 6 MH _ h MH cos h M r r_ S S{ } p p_cos h p_ 9 G G F G G _ G G øπm -M G G " () - G G ' 8' V V(') 6' 9

9 0 a GK '5., l a l G ( FE), GK F K F, F K H 8 G H æ -{ } 5æ å K " G +GK,, æ { } +{ } ( ) '5 l H H ' 95 0 H H, l H " 8-0, EFGH. H G tan 5 x H sin 5 ' _ '6 E F H øπh + " ('6) + 'å0 x 0 FE G, HI. EG " ' x8'-" + 8'-6' ' E I F, 6. 6 G Ω K ' ' cos h J 6 H - 05 EFGH S, F HI J : HJ : S cos 60 p, S_ p HJ GJ, G F K S8p,, EFGH '5 '5 J æ { } + GK : : 0. 0

10 E 60æ 60æ F 0æ S' S'8p`cos 0 8p_ p E F 0æ 0æ II QG., x -x " +(-x) " x -x+ G " x + G " + + G +G - cos( G) G G +(x +)-(x -x+) cos( G) " x + x+ " x + sin( G)" -cos ( G) æ - x -x+ æ x + QG G _;!;_G _G _sin( G) x -x+ _" x +_æ x + æ {x-;!;} +;#; x ;!; QG '6. E H Q F x +x+ x + G. l H (xy), H H,, ;!;_ _ ;!;_ _H ;!; ;!; H H, H H æ {;!;} +{ } l. ª Q'Q Q' Q'(, 0, 0) ª ' ' '(0,, 0) 'Q' ;!; x. " (b-a) +a +b 'ƒ8-ab " b +(b-a) +a 'ƒ8-ab " a +b +(b-a) 'ƒ8-ab. Q z Q' - H ' y

11 S S ('ƒ8-ab) (8-ab), S ab. a>0, b>0 a +b }"ça b ab ab{ (, ab) ab S (8-_) a, b,. }' ab (, ab), (-, -, ), (-,, ) 5. a+b {-,-,} " (-) +(-) + " (-) + + " (-) cos h _ _ () +() -() ;!6@;;!; xy, yz, zx 8. x>0, y>0, z>0 x>0, y>0, z<0 x>0, y<0, z>0 x>0, y<0, z<0 z ½ {-,,} x y x<0, y>0, z>0 x<0, y>0, z<0 x<0, y<0, z>0 x<0, y<0, z<0, : (x+) +(y-) +(z-) (-,, ).., r r'å'6, - <r, <r, <r yz, zx, xy.,,, " (-) + <r z., " (-) + <r y., " + >r x.., " (-) + + >r..,,,,, x +y +z, (x-) +(y+) +(z-) (0, 0, 0), (, -, ) d d " +(-) +, Q r, r R dr +r.,.

12 R " - '5 '5 Q '5 Q '5 '5 8'5 p_ p 7. a xy a (a, b, 9), (a, b, 5), (a, b, 6) (x-a ) +(y-b ) +(z-9) 9 (x-a ) +(y-b ) +(z-5) 5 (x-a ) +(y-b ) +(z-6) 6, a z x +y +z 8 yy x +(y-5) +z 56 yy - y5 y5. y5 x +z 56 yy x +z 56, y5 (x, 5, z) xy '(x, 5, 0), Q, R (0, -9, 0), (0, 9, 0) Q'R S S;!; QR x 9 x, Q'R z V V;!; S z xz x +z 56}" x z xz, x z xz {8 V xz { (x-5) +(y-) +z 9, z}0 (5,, 0) a a a, a y y H H y. H90,, H 5 H., a xy hh cos h;5$; 0 cos h0 ;5$; 0. x a x +y +z xy cos h y x + cos h y {(x, y, 0) x+y-{0} x y@ x@+ - cos@ω

13 p 0<h< h h cos h y cos h x + cos h x+y-0 - y-x æ {- } +cos h, y æ +cos h 9 cos h M 60M 60_ y - x x@+ - y@ cos@ω (a, b, c) (a, b, -c), (-a, -b, c) øπ{a-(-a)} +{bπ-(-b)} +π{(-c)-c} " a +b +c 0 f(n)" n +n +n n f(n+)(n+) f(n)f(n+)n_(n+)n(n+) ;N+! ;N+! f(n)f(n+) n(n+) 0 n lim ;K+!{ - } n k k+ lim {- } n n+ (0, 0, -) } " +(+) ' 0 E (6, 0, 0), (-6,, 6), (6, 0, 6), (0, 6, 0).,,,,. F E y x F F F :. _0+_6 _6+_0 _0+_6 {,, } + + +, (,, ) E E " + + '6 z n lim ;K+! n 5 k(k+)

14 05 t, Q 08 xy (t,, 0), Q(0, t, ) (-,, k), (,, k). Q : R, " (+) _0-_t _t- -_0 z R{,, } k+k, R(-t, t-, ) R " (-t) + (t-) + " 5t -t+5 k6, " (-) +() +6 'å, h æ 5{t- } h" ('å) - ' 05 t R æ xy,, xy ', ' : ' : ' xy : m:n ' ' :6 m n 6 07 H z EH, HG, H K x, y, z H G E(, 0, 0), E F H(0, 0, 0), x G(0,, 0) K K(,, ') KHE L '+0+0 L{,, 555 }, L{,, ' }, G(0,, 0) ' GL æ +(-) +{ } '5 I J y S 09 S;!; 8 " (-) +(-) ' " +(-) + (-) '6 " +(-) + (-) '6, '6., ' '(,, ) M" + + +'6+'6 m" + + -'6-'6 0 Mm(+'6)(-'6) 6 x +y +z -x+y-z-80 yz0 x -x-80, (x-)(x+)0 (-, 0, 0) ( a<0) zx0 y +y-80, (y+)(y-)0 (0,, 0) ( b>0) xy0 z -z-80, (z-)(z+)0 (0, 0, ) ( c>0) M m ' 5

15 " (-) + ', " + '5, " (-) + '5 S S ;!;_'_'6 5 5 ;@6%;;!;+a, a ;@6!; 'å a ( a>0) (x, y ) ax+by+c0 d d ax +by +c " a +b R Q. (,, ) r r ;!;" (-) +(-) ' (x-) +(y-) +(z-) xy (x-) +(y-) a +b k x +y k, (x-) +(y-), k., k+'" + ' k' k y {x-}@+{y-}@ x x@+y@k@ x +{y+ ;!;} +z yz x0 {y+;!;} +z yy ;!; y+az., -;!;-, ;%;Æ ;!;+a Æ {;!;} +a x +y +z +ax+by+cz+d0 xy z0 x +y +ax+by+d0 yy ( ) (x-) +(y-), x +y -x-y+0 a-, b-, d, (,, e) ( ) 5-e 7 e- e e (x-) +(y-) +(z-) 5 (,, 5). e- (x-) +(y-) +(z+) 5 '5 d d" 7 -('5) 'å d 5 7 {,, } (,, ), xy, yz, zx (x-a) +(y-a) +(z-a) a (,, ) (-a) +(-a) +(-a) a a -8a+60 a -a+0 (a-)(a-)0 a a 6

16 (,, ), (,, ) "ç(-) ç+(-ç) +(ç-) 5 x (a, 0, 0) x x a. y (0, a, 0), z (0, 0, a). (x-a) +(y-a) +(z-a) 6, (a, 0, 0) a +a 6, a 6 a a ( a>0) (a, a, a) " a +a +a " a 6 : (x-) +(y-) +(z-) 69 (,, ),.,xy (a, b, 0), " (a-) + (b-) + + (a-) +(b-) (a-) +(b-) 7, (a-) +(b-) {7 7p (6, 0, ), Q Q(,, 6), FG ' '(6,, ), FG R R +QR 'R +QR } 'Q " (6-) + (-) +(-6) å 0 (a, b, c) xy, yz, zx (a, b, 0), (0, b, c), (a, 0, c) " a +b, " b +c, " a +c 5 a +b 9, b +c 6, a +c 5 0 (a +b +c )50 a +b +c 5 " a +b +c ' 55 (a, b, c) (a, b, 0), (0, b, c), (a, 0, c), "ça +c "ça +b "çb +c a +c a +b b +c a b c, 0 sin 60 _a _ a " (a-a) +(b-b) +(c-0) "çc "ça xy (, 0, 0). 7

17 z' + + } ' + ' (,, ) xy H(,, 0) z H " + ' ' " +(+') " 7+' H a7, b a +b " + + " +(-) + : : :, : + (-)+ + {,, } {, 0, } a+b+c (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0), (0, 0, c) (, a>0, b>0, c>0) a a 9 cos a, ' " a +b a +b a 9a +9b, a 9b ab yy` b b cos b, '5 " b +c b +c 5 5b b +c, b c bc yy`, (k, 0, 0), (0, k, 0), (0, 0, k), h 6k h' k h, d 6k dæ k +{ } 7k ' ' 07 6k h ' cos h d 7k ' 6 7 a (a, a, 0), (0, a, 0), H(,, 0) a a+a, a, H " +() H øπ -H " () - ' (,, ') y (,, 0) " (-) +(- ) +(-') '6 08 _k_k _h_" (k) +(k) 6k ' ( ) (a, b, 0)(b>0) a +b yy (a-) +b yy - a-0 a;!; z x H{,, 0} y 8

18 bæ -{;!;} {;!;,, 0} ( b>0), ( ) (p, q, r)(r>0) xy '(p, q, 0) +;!; p ;!;, q p +q +r ;!;+; ;+r, r ;@; r ( r>0) (x, y, z) 09 '6 ;!;+;!; + 6 x ;!;, y, z 9 '6 {;!;,, } 9 9 x +y +z (0, 0, 0), " + +a + a a ( a>0), (0, 0, 0), (,, ) : {,, } + + +, {,, } b, c, d 6 '6 9 (,, ) xy ' '(,, 0) '(,, 0) x-y0 - ' " +(-) x-y0 d d" (') + ', Q x x, x Q x z 0+x +x x x +x (, 0, 0) x +x, 5, Q x.,, x 0{x {,, Q x}0. y +z 9 øπ + "ç + ' x z d y ' x-y0 y 0 a+b+c+d+ + + x +y +z -x-6y-8z+50 (x-) +(y-) +(z-) x +y +z +x+y+z+0 0, +-, +-8, 6-8, 6, 0, 0 9

19 x +y +z -8x+6y0 (x-) +(y+) +z 5, 5 'Q S S _' _'Q _sin( 'Q) S _5_5_sin( 'Q){ _5_5 5 'Q. (x-) +(y+), z0 (, -, a). '6 (, 0, 0) " (-) + (-) +a '6 a +6, a a- a (, -, -) (, -, ). (, -, ),,,. 6 Ω ' xy, '(0, -, 0) ' " +0 + '8, ' " ('8) -('6) ' k '6:k'8:'6 ' 'k6 k ', æ ('6) -{ } '6 (') +(') -('6) cos h 5 _'_' - :x +y +z, : (x-a) +(y-b) +(z-c) 9 (0, 0, 0), (a, b, c) d(a, b, c)" a +b +c. d(,, )" + + 'å ( ).,, d(a, b, c)5+. ( ). d(a, b, c)" a +b +c a +b +c (a, b, c) ;$;p_ 6p. ( ),,. r S, V 5 Spr, V;$;pr x +y +z -8z+50 x +y +(z-) (0, 0, ),., x +y (0, 0). {,0,0} {0,0,} a- F, FE (a-) : " a +() : " a +(a-) a +(a-) a +a -96a+9 a -96a+800 (a-6)(a-0)0 a6 ( a>) E 0

20 yz, z y+,;;; ;'. E E{0, -;T;, t}, F E z,q EF F{0, -+;T;, t}, Q EF Q " +t EF S(t) S(t);!;_EF _Q b " a +b " b +c (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) Q b b sin a, cos b " a +b " b +c sin a cos b,. 0 () l xy 60æ z l ;!;_{-;T;}_" +t -t " +t x a, y b 0 x y + a b. (a, 0, 0) tanatan60 ;a;, ;a; ba ( ). Q bq cos0 _, b sina a60 ( ). Q0 Q cos0 +Q -Q _ _Q (a +b )+(b +c )-(a +c ) " a +b " b +c y,,,, x +y { }, z a b 0 xy, yz, zx (x-a) +(y-a) +(z-a) a (a>0)., S«r«(r«, r«, r«)., S«, S«

21 r«+r«" (r«-r«) + (r«-r«) + (r«-r«) r«+r«(r«-r«) - r«r«(-)r«+ _ _p p -(-) -6 p p S(0, 0, ) z S (, 0, ) E x z E :E E :E : E : y :, E :E :E :: E :. 8 E{0,, } 5 5, " + ', 8 E æ (-) +{ } +{ -} 5 5 ' E E Eh 90 sin hsin Ω Ω E 0 8 ' 8 ' 0 5 ' F +F ' F ' +F F ', F ' +F F -F ' -k 5k ' 8 ' 0 i III 8 ( + ) i E F E F. 8 i 8 (' -' ) i -(8' ) ( y - F' F x 8 ' 0 ) i

22 -(8 ) 'Æ sinp 'Æ0 0 p sin 6. ± ±. y y-x@+ y- x y x - π - π - x - XÚX' 'Æ 0 6. : Q, + Q Q (,, ) y ;!; x +, yax ;!; x +ax, x -ax+0 a -0, a a x p, p p p { p- } :. X' ' X L ' ' : X, X' XX'. h 0_hp_0 h p 0 ',, Q,. (,, ) Q Q (-)- Q +(-) + a, b 0(a+b)0(+) a -b c (-x, 8)(-, y) x, y8 xy 8. (, -, 0), (0, -, ), (, 0, )

23 a(, -, 0)+b(0, -, )+c(, 0, ) (, -, ) (a+c, -a-b, b+c)(, -, ) a+c, -a-b-, b+c a, b, c a+b+c (, -, -'), F (-,, -') +F (0,, -') 0 + +(-') (x, y) Q (y, x) R +Q (x, y)+(y, x) (x+y, y+x) x +y x+yk x+yk 0+0-k { " + -'{k{' R(k, k)(-'{k{'). 0. H H ' H " -(') ' x y Q z H,, F (, -, -'), F(-,, -') ' R E x F y 0,, ', ', ' Æ ' - '' + ' -'' ' - '' ' M - M 60æ 60æ ' ' '

24 0 - -M M " +M - M cos 0 æ + - {- } '7 a +b, Q a -kb Q Q - (a -kb )-(a +b ) a -(k+)b Q m 0 m Q ma +mb a -(k+)b m, k-6,, l (, l ) - b -a l(b -a )a +kb -la +lb a +kb a, b 05 l-, lk k-6,, l k (k ). - k( - ) (-k) +k 06 m + a, b a +b, a -b G, X, Y G 07 _ _sin60 EF EF EF -EF +G - +G + +G +G G 08 G -EF +G M b F -km, k m H I afi bfi 60æ afi+bfi bfi J _ M : + M a + { b } E bfi G afi-bfi H 60æ J afi I afi-bfi F E 5

25 a + b ( ) b -{ a + b }. -, 6,. 5 -a + b 6 :. ( ). : : ( ),,. M G G - ( + )- - + m-, n m+n- G G ( + + ), G 0 G ( + ) : b - a - a M b -a G b a +b (x, y )+(y, x ) (x+y, x +y ) (6, ) x+y6, x +y x+y, x +y 7 xy {(x+y) -(x +y )} ( -7) p +q (,, ) yy p -q (, -, ) yy p (, 0, ) p (, 0, ) q (-,, ) q (-,, ) p +q (, 0, )+(-,, ) (0,, ) p +q " ' 6

26 M m m (, -, 5) M 5 m a +b m (, -, 5) (, -, 0) x+y+z+(-)+08 / t (t ), (a, b+, b-)t(, -, )(t, -t, t) at yy b+-t yy b-t yy, t-, b0 6 a +b a- a+b- (,, -) - (,, -)-(,, ) (,, -7) " + +(-7) ' 5 0 +EF -G + -G -H H H 0 +EF -G H " + - cos 0 'å -, 6 6 p S p S _6 _ 6p 0 s {,, M, N M. F E {s{}, J G - I H N æ M X s +t {, {s{, 0{t{} 7

27 X S SMN _M _sin 60 0 d b +c a +b +d a +b +(b +c ) a +5b +c xa +yb +zc a +5b +c a, b, c x, y5, z x+y+z9 + a + a +(c -b ) a -b +c. () +,, a. + + { + _6 07 a, b, c b -a, c -b b +, c + + G (a +b +c ) { +( + )+( + + )} + + afi G bfi cfi x+y+z : - :. (). : : ( ). _ : : (). 8

28 09 N : '5 (x, y, z) (,, ) N a + b '5 '5 '5 xyz sn 5' 5 sa + sb yy`, M a tm +(-t) (x, y, z ), (x, y, z ), (x, y, z ) G x +x +x y +y +y z +z +z G{,, } ta +(-t)b yy`, x +x +x y +y +y z +z +z 0, 0, 0 t s, -t s s, t + + ( - )+( - )+( - ) -( + + ) a + b (, -, )-(x +x +x, y +y +y, z +z +z ) (, -6, 9) 0 m+n{, S. a+b+c+(-6)+9 6 0{m{, 0{n{,, S., S S + (,, 0)+(,, ) (,, ) " + +(), '5 : : '5:5'5 : s +t s5t, (x, y) (x, y)s(, )+t(, -) (s+t, s-t) (6t, 8t) (x-) +(y-) 8 (6t-) +(8t-) 8 9

29 0t -96t0 t(0t-)0 t 0 s (8, 0, 0) s+t 5 p -a { " (x-) +(y-) { (x-) +(y-) { yy, p sb +tc (x, y)s(, )+t(0, ) (s, s+t) xs, ys+t y yx+t 0 Q - Q Q, Q Q Q p, y-xt, yx+t t yx+t (x-) +(y-) (, ) x-y+t0 -+t { " + t+ {' --'{t{-+' t -+' 5 J x, F y H, GH (0, 0, 0), (0,, 5), G(8, -, 5) +G (0,, 5)+(8, -, 5) x 0 +a Q Q ' bfi afi Q afi ' X +a +tb Q +tb (0{t{) X " X ' " tbfi bfi afi Q afi ' 0

30 0 QF F' F -QF F -F' F +F' FF' 0 F(k, 0) (k>0) k5 yy` F - QF F - F' a 6 a yy`, b k -a b F' Q y F x x@ y@ --- a@ b@ a+b7 7. m+n(m}0, n}0) m +n m +n m+n, n:m,.. ( ) m. +n(m}0, n}0) ( )+n, " + - cos 60 'ƒ+- ( ) m. + n{(m}0, n}0) m n ( )+ { },,,,, 9 sin 60 () 8,. 05 m x a, b x., 0, F(, 0), F'(-, 0)., " 5 - x y æ 60æ y F'{-, 0} F{, 0} x

31 x x 5, " (-) +(-) ' ( ). + +., yx '(, ) + + ' } ' " (-) +(-) 'å0 ( ). M(, ) + M M MÚ, MÚ M x-y0., _,. - " +(-) y yx {, } '{, } {, } ' '. () + yy ' x E, E E E, E E yy, + E IV a +b (-+, +)(, ) a (a +b )(-, ) (, ) -+. H, HE, HG, H x, y, z (, 0, 8), (,, 8), (0, 0, 8), E(, 0, 0), F(,, 0), G(0,, 0), Q, R, S, T (, 0, 6), Q(,, 8), R(, 0, 8) S(,, 0), T(,, 8), T (, -, -), QS (-,, -8) T QS (, -, -) (-,, -8) --+6

32 . (a, b), Q (c, d) ' (a+, b+), Q' (c+, d+) 6. + ( + ) ( + ) ' (a, b)-(a+, b+) (-, -) - ' " (-) +(-) 'å0 ( ). -Q (a, b)-(c, d)(a-c, b-d), ' - Q' (a+, b+)-(c+, d+) (a-c, b-d) -Q ' - Q' -Q ' - Q' ( ), , 0 ( - ) - cos 60 ( 0). () (, ), Q (, ), Q + ' (, ), Q' (, ) 9 ' Q' + 9 Q + ' Q' () _ +5,.. a -b 6 a -a b + b 6 a, b -a b + 6 a b 5. a b a b cos 60 a a a -b 'å a -b (a -b ) (a -b ) a -6a b +9 b a - a +9 a - a -0 ( a -)( a +)0 a ( a >0), E E + E + E, _, a E, E _ cos p 6 E E +E +() + E E E Œ

33 7. E E -,. E -E +,, E E, Q Q Q, Q h Q Q Q cos h cos h yy,,,, p {h{p p h, hp - M+m +(-)- 8. +E M +E M Ω E π-ω h Q Q E - E +E E +E E 9. a " +(-) + 'å7 b " +(-) +0 'å7 a b +(-) (-) a b cos h a b 'å7'å7 7 a (9, x+, -), b (-8, x, 7), a b 0 9 (-8)+(x+)x x +x-80 x +x-560 (x-)(x+)0 x ( x>0) E90 E h E p-h E E cos h E E cos (p-h) - E cos h,, E E E - E +E + E + E

34 0 sin cos " -sin cos æ -{ } 5 cos 5 5 cos cos h a p a p a cos h p cos h p b p a + b (p a )a +(p b )b cos h 9 cos h{ cos h{ 0¾ cos 0 p 5 {h{ p {- } p - _ pp 06 h - 0 H Ω H Hh cos hh cos h cos h H H - cos h H H, 6 H - cos h - cos h - _H -8 H 5

35 07 (x, y) " (c-a) +(d-b) ( - ) ( - ). ' -Q' Q'' (x, y-) (x-, y-) " (a-c) +(- b+d) x -x+y -y+. Q - ' -Q' ( ) (x-) +(y-) -. Q Q - (c-a, d-b) 0. Q (, 0)c-a (x-) +(y-). 'Q' Q' -' (c-a, -d+b) (, ) '. 'Q' (0, )-d+b 'p. Q (, 0)+'Q' (0, ) () 08 H HE, HG, H x, y, z (,, ), G(0,, 0), M(, 0, ) 09 H E x H (,, ) G M H M -HG (, 0, )-(0,, 0) (, -, ) H GM (,, ) (, -, ) +(-)+9 0 (a, b), Q(c, d) '(a, -b), Q'(c, -d).. ' ' - (0, -b). QQ' Q' -Q (0, -d) b. t (d+0) ' tqq'. d ( ). Q - Q z M F G y 0 a -b (a -b ) (a -b ) a -a b + b 9-a b +6 9 a b a +b (a +b ) (a +b ) a +a b + b 6+_+ 56 a +b ' c (a +b ) a c +b c (a +b ) c c c c (-t) +t (0{t{),,, 0, 0 {(-t) +t } (-t) +t 0 6

36 ( - ) a (b +c )+b (c -a ) a b +a c +b c -a b a c +b c (a +b ) c (,, ) (-,, ) (-+8+) a +b 6 - (k,, -)-(,, -) (k-,, -) (,, -) (k-,, -) k-++ 0 k- 0 a +b (a +b ) (a +b ) a +a b + b 5+a b a b - a, b h a b a b cos h cos h - h p a, b, h a b ab cosh a b c cos h ab ab sin h" -cos h c æ -5 a b S 0 S sin h c S abæ -5 a b S " (ab) -c h cos h cos h cos h h p 0 p «- ¹ - ¹ h ' 7

37 cos h _ cos h _' '_' yy` p, ' ' {' {, ' ' ' ' '{' {' { { F cos ( ) p cos {h+ } -sin h 05 '6 - l a cos60 l b cos0 - l c cos90 0 b<c<a 0 F F cos ( ) cos ( ) yy` H H M H M H M _ H " -H E F æ -{ } '6 Hh H sin h 5 '6 06 p ' cos; ; '_'_;!; yy, (, ), (x, y) (, ) (x, y) x+y yy x+y yy ' " x +y ' yy y-x x +y 07 x +(-x), x -x-0 x (x, y) p q p (x, y) (, 0)x, q (x, y) (0, )y (, )., - ' (, ) '. 8

38 y ' x (x-) +(y-) x p(') _ - _'_' p - 08 (x, y, z) (x, y, z) (0, 0, 0)0x, (,, ), x -{x{+ -{x{ -0{0x{ Q R (0,, -) (, -, -) 0. a +b +c 0 (a +b +c ) c 0 a c +b c + c 0 a c +b c - c ( ). a -c + b -c -( a + b ). -(a c +b c )+ c. c + c. c ( ). a -b b -c c -a. -( a + b ) c yy. -( b + c ) a yy. -( c + a ) b yy ( a + b + c ) a + b + c yy, -(- c ) c c a b 09 x, y, z,, E (0, 0, ), Q(0,, 0) z Q y G R H E F x Q Q - (0,, 0)-(0, 0, ) (0,, -), E(, -, -) E R (, -, -) E a b c ( ) p a +b +c EF, EH, E a b b c c a 0, a p a (a +b +c ) a a, b p b (a +b +c ) b b ', c p c (a +b +c ) c c 9

39 V VEF _EH _E a _ b _ c '6 a, b : a + b { a + b } { a + b } a + a b + b _6 + _9+ _ , yy` H H yy` 0 H ( +H ) +H H HHh H H H cos h H p HH H " H - " 5 - H H 6 l (+) a, b, c l (b -c ) (b -a ) b -c b -b a +c a 0,, b b (b -c ) l. b -b c 0 a, a, a l, l a, l l a, l l l, l a 5 b c (x, y, 0) x +y yy cos h ;!;x+;@;y Æ {;!;} +{;@;} +{;@;} " x +y x+ y x+ yk x +y k x+y-k0 x +y., l l bþ cþ aþ Œ Œ 0

40 0+ 0-k " + k '5 k '5 k 0 '5. - H, M H M H M _ (b +c ) afi (b +c ) cfi H M Hh bfi a cos h H a H a H cos h H H " a H æ a (b +c ) " a (b +c ) h cos h cos h cos h. cos h. ( ). cos h cos h h. ( ). 0{h{p, h cos h. (),. 0 EF M GM EF., HI MI. GM ( EF) HI MI GI HI, GM '5, MI ' GI '7 GHIHIG90 0 GH GI GH GI cos ( HGI) GI 7 Q Ω H QR H QR Q R H QR, QH HR QRh Q cos hqh Q QR Q QR cos (p-h) -Q QR cos h -QH _QH -QH, 0{QH { Q QR -QH }- Q QR - R

41 xfi Q H R yfi QR H H x, HQ y x -, Q x +y, x R x -y, x y 0 Q QR (Q - ) (R -Q ) [{+ } x +y ] (-y ) x -y y - y } x+x 0+0+y G {,, } (x, y, 0) G -G (,, )-(x, y, 0) (-x, -y, ), G G (-x, -y, ) (x, 0, 0) x-x 0 x ( x+0) yy, G G (-x, -y, ) (x, y, 0) x-x +6y-y 0 y -6y0 y ( y+0) x+y (0, -)-(, 0) (-, -) (x, y) (x, y) (-, -) -x-y x y + -x-yk k - y- x æ {- } _ + - x ' 0 k -' 0{- y H - k {0,-} {' 0 -' 0{k{' 0 {,0} -x-yk -6, -5, -, -, -, -, 0,,,,, 5, 6 V x

42 . (, t, )(t ) " +t + " t +0 t0, 'å0. y- - z, x0 z {0, 0, } - {-, 0, 0} {0,, 0} y {, 0, 0} x (0, -t, t) + (-) +(-t) +(t) + +(-t) +(t) 0t -t+5 7 0{t- } t, +, 5 {0,, } a+b+c p+q5+6 H å π --Ω Ω ' Q H Q H p H Q H p Q H 6 a, b h Q p- '- Q '-h p p p-{p- }-{p- }-h 6 p -h (,, ), (, -, -) + (-)+ (-) cos h 'ƒ++ 'ƒ++8 5 sin h 5 Q p +Q - Q cos { -h} (5') +(5') - 5' 5' a, b H, H H, H,, Q, Q Q Q '6 H 'ƒ H 5' 'ƒ++8. (x, y, z) Q(x, y, 0), R(0, y, z), S(x, 0, z) Q z, R x, S y, R S, R Q, S Q RS _R _ SÚ xy QRS V V RS_Q xyz 6 QR " z +x, QS " z +y, QR QS xy

43 , x+y+z5 z5-x-y5-x V xyz x z 6 6 x (5-x) (-x +8x ) dv, (-x +6x)0 dx -x +6x0 x(x-)0 x ( x+0) dv dv x< >0, x> <0 dx dx V x. QRS V (- +8_ ) 6(-+8) 6_ M M' + M } MÚM' M (, -, 0), M x-y+z0 MM' MÚM' 6. y-z0,. ½ (, 6, 0) y-z " () +(-), " '5 'ƒ5-7' h cos h _ _cos h (') 8 y-z0 h (0,, -) th t(0, -) (0, t, -t), + (, 6, 0)+(0, t, -t) (, 6+t, -t) h h (, 6+t, -t) (0,, -) 6+t+tt+6 0 t- {, ;#;, 7. } (, 6, 0) {, ;#;, } (x-) +(y-) +(z-) 9 Q, Q h Q Q cos h 9 cos h cos h, Q., 0{h{p h cos h S, Q

44 , cos h. (,, ) x+y+z " + +, S r r" -() '6 Q 6 Q + -('6) Ω cos h - Q Q cos h9 cos h 9 {- } - 8. S (0, 0, 0) a d - d 5 " +(-) S a r r" -.,, Q., R QRS. Q '6 R Q, RQ90., R øπqr -Q 'ƒ6-6 ' 0 s _Q _R 0 _'6_' 0 ' 5 s (,, )-(, -, ) (-,, -) - {,, } (, -, ) x- - y+ (, a, b) - - a+ a-5, b a+b- z- - b

45 0 x +y +z +x-6y-z0 y z y- z- 05 x t, x- s (x+) +(y-) +(z-) (-,, ) (t, t, t), (s+, s+, s+) (,, ), (-,, ) ts+, ts+, ts+ t, s x- y- z (,, 6) y-, xy z 0 x- y- - x-5, y5 (-5, 5, 0) a+b+c(-5) x, y, z 5, 60, 0 ' (cos5, cos60, cos0 ){,, - } (0,, -), (',, -) y- x', ya, zb 0 x ' x- - a--b- a, b- a+b- z+ - z- - y- z- x t xt, yt+, zt+ (t, t+, t+) d (,, ) H d 0 H d (t, t+, t+) (,, ) t+(t+)+(9t+)0 t- H (-, -, ) a+b+c- a+b+c x y 06 xy, z, z d d (,, 0) y z- x- y z- -x - d 07 d (-,, ) d d cos h d d (-)+ +0 " + " (-) + + (,, ). (,, ) (x-)+ (y-)+ (z-)0 x+y+z 08 ax+by+cz+d0 (, 0, 0), (0,, 0), (0, 0, ) a+d0 b+d0 c+d0 6

46 a-d, b- d, c- d -dx- dy- dz+d0 6x+y+z-60 (k, k-, k-) 09 6k+(k-)+(k-)-60 k h h (,, ), H H kh (k ) H H - (a, b, c)-(,, ) (a-, b-, c-) (a-, b-, c-)k(,, ) ak+, bk+, ck+, H(k+, k+, k+), (k+)+(k+)+(k+)+50 k- H(0, -, -) a+b+c- 0 x +y +z (0, 0, 0) ax-ay-az - " a +(-a) +(-a) "ç9a a ( a>0) a -xy+ x- - z+ y+;!; z+ ;!; h h {-,, } (, 0, -) (-)(x-)+ (y-0)+(z+)0 x y z 0 (-)(x-)+ (0-0)+(0+)0 x7 (, -, ), (,, k) p cos { -h}sin h _+(-) +k cos { -h} 55 " +(-) + " + +k 6 k 55 6(5+k ) 6 6k 5+k k k ( k>0) x d (, 0, 0) h (,, ) p d h cos { -h} d h +0+0 " " + + sin h k 5 '6" 5+k 7

47 x+y+z (0, 0, ) (0, 0, ) x+y+z-0. d 5 d x+y-z+0 yy x-y-z+0 yy + x-z+0 z- x yy - -x+y-0 xy- yy z- xy- (, a, b) 6 a- 7 a, b ab " + + x+y-z+50 hæ, xz hæ hæ (,, -) hæ (0,, 0) cos h hæ hæ hæ hæ 0+ +(-) 0 " + +(-) " b- 0 G 0 x (a +b ) c -a (a +b )+t(c -a ) E E - E -G (,, )-(-,, ) (,, ), E (,, ) E x- y-z- x, y, z a+b (,, )-(, 0, -) (0,, ) d (0,, ) (,, ) y- z- x, zx y0 0- z- x, x, y0, z (, 0, ) 8

48 0 (0, 0, 0), xyzt l y+ -z (t, t, t), (, -, ) l x- t H d H(t+, t-, -t+) " (t-) +(t +) +(t-) H d (,, -) " t -t+ H d (t+, t-, -t+) (,, -) æ {t- } 8 + (t+)+(t-)-(-t+) t-7 '6 t, d 0 '6 '6 t m -, M + '6 M+m H {, 0, } H æ {;#;} +0 +{;!;} 'å0 H H øπ -H 0 Æ 7- ' _ ' 05 l (, -, ) (, -, ) H «7 l 06 xyzs (s, s, s) z, x-y t Q(t+, t, t) Q (t-s+, t-s, t-s) z xyz, x-y d (,, ), d (,, ) Q Q d, Q d Q d (t-s+, t-s, t-s) (,, ) t-s+0 yy` Q d (t-s+, t-s, t-s) (,, ) 6t-s+0 yy` t, s t, s, Q Q {, -, 0} ' 9

49 07 (,, ), (-, -, -), H {-, -, - } h +H h - (-, -, -) (, 0, )+{-, -, - }, (-, 0, ) {-, -, } - {x-(-)}- (y-0)- (z-)0 a+b+c x+y+z0 {- }+(-) G + + (, 0, -) G ( + + ) (, 0, -), G h h G G - (, 0, -)-(,, -) (-, -, ) G(, 0, -) (-) (x-)+(-)(y-0)+(z+)0 -x-y+z+0 x+y-z-0 a +b +c a H(x, y, z) h (,, ) H th (x-, y, z-)t(,, ) xt+, yt, zt+ H(t+, t, t+) a (t+)+t+(t+)0 t- 0 a '(a, b, c) + ' a. ' (a-, b-, c-) a h (,, ) (a-, b-, c-)k(,, )(, k+0 ) ak+, bk+, ck+ yy a+ b+ c+, ' M{,, } a a+ b+ c a+b+c- yy (k+)+(k+)+(k+)- 8 k- 5 5 '{-, -, - } (,, ) x- y- z- -;%;- -;%;- -;@;- x- y- z- 8 x- y- z- t 8 (8t+, t+, t+) x+y+z0 (8t+)+(t+)+(t+)0 50

50 0t+60 t- 5 x 8t+8_{- }+ 5-5 (,, ) x+y+z0 ' (a, b, c) ' (a-, b-, c-)k(,, ) (, k+0 ) ak+, bk+, ck+ yy a+ b+ c+, ' M{,, } x+y+z0 a+ b+ c a+b+c-6 yy (k+)+(k+)+(k+)-6 k+6-6 k- (,, ), '(-, -, -) x- y- z x- y- z- x- y- z- t (t+, t+, t+) x+y+z0 (t+)+(t+)+(t+)0 0t+0 t- 5 x t+_{- }+ 5-5, a H, H H 6, H (, 0, ) a +0+ H " + +, M a H H +H MH 6+ x+y+z0 yy h (,, ). xy-z uæ (,, -) h uæ (,, ) (,, -) +-0 h uæ, (,, 0).. xy-z uæ (,, -) h uæ (,, ) (,, -) x+y+6z x+y+z.,.. xz y x x, z0 (, 0, 0) z-, yz x 0 y- -0 z- 5

51 y, z (0,, ), " +(-) +(-) 6 y- z- -x x+y+z0 h cos { p -h} (-)++ " (-) + + " + +, sin h cos h" -sin h '6 '6 cos h6_ '6 x+y+z+0 yy x-y-z-0 yy + x-z-0 z+ x _ + x+y-0 -y+ x l -y+ z+ x l (0,, -), (, -, 0) (0, 0, 0) ax+by+cz+d0 x+y+z0 yy. (, 0, 0) _+_ (). (0, 0, 0), (,, ) _0+_0+00, _+_+8+0 (0, 0, 0), (,, ). () z. x-y -. z x-y (0, 0, 0), - (, -, -) _0+_0+00, _+_(-)+(-)0 z x-y. ( ) -. x+y+z+0, x-y-z-0 l k(x+y+z+)+(x-y-z-)0 (k+)x+(k-)y+(k-)z+k-0 yy x0, y0, z0 k x+y+z0 5 M + M å M M M b, M a, b a (0, 0, 0) b " + +(-) p M 5

52 0 + " M +M " + ' H a H H l H l yy` z, H (x, y, z) xy- t xt, yt, z-t H (t-, t-, -t-) l d (,, -) H d (t-, t-, -t-) (,, -) (t-)+(t-)+(t+6) 6t+0 t- H H 5 {-, -, -} æ {- } 5 +{- } +(-) 5' H H " H -H 5' æ { } - ' 0 a h (, -, -) th (t, -t, -t) a t- (-t)- (-t)+80 9t+80 t- (-,, ), Q l Q (-, -, ), l d {, ;a!;, ;b!;} Q d (-, -, ) {, ;a!;, ;b!;} --;a@;+;b!;0 yy, a, Q l Q l Q d (-,, 5) {,, } a b yy a b a-, b a +b 5 0 Q{-,, 5} l å l a. a b, (c, c, c ).. a //b l a l a ( ). a b l a l a a., a a c (c, c, c ) l l//a ( ) 5

53 . a b l a., a //c (c, c, c ) l. l a. ( ),,. 0 x by+cz0, S S z H z, by+cz0 h cos h z, by+cz0 (0, 0, ), (0, b, c) 0_0+0_b+_c cos h " " 0 +b +c c " b +c c (b +c ) b c b c ( b>0, c>0), h {0,, } h {0,, } h Æ;$; {0,, } p+q+r Ω + H z by+cz0 05 x s +t, t+s X x X (,, ), (0,, 0) x-0 z-0, y -0-0 z, x, y yy` y u +v u( - )+v( - ) u(0,, )+v(,, ) u, v Y y Y (0,, ), (,, ) (0, 0, 0) ax+by+cz+d0 d0 b+c+d0 a+b+c+d0 a-c, b-c -x-y+z0 yy`, x -y (,, ) -x-y+z0 (-)+(-)+ " (-) +(-) + '6 ' r xy, yz, zx (r, r, r). (r, r, r) x+y+z8 r r+r+r-8 5r-8 5 r " + + 5

54 5r-8r 5r-8-r 8 r { r< } ap, (8, 0, 0), (0,, 0), (0, 0, ) x +y +z +ax+by+cz0 6+8a0, 6+b0, 6+c0 a-8, b-, c- x +y +z -8x-y-z0 (x-) +(y-) +(z-) '6 bp('6) 96p b a 55