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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 2 pp. 947-951, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.2.947 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 앰프용히트싱크의방열특성에관한해석적연구 서재형 1, 이무연 1* 1 동아대학교기계공학과 Numerical Analysis on Cooling Characteristics of the Heat Sink for Amplifier Jae-Hyeong Seo 1 and Moo-Yeon Lee 1* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University 요약본연구의목적은앰프용방열장치로서히트싱크의방열특성을수치적으로연구하는것이다. 히트싱크의열전달성능을분석하기위하여상용수치해석프로그램인 ANSYS의정상상태열모델을사용하여해석하였고히트싱크의핀두께, 핀피치및핀개수에따른열전달성능을고찰하였다. 결과적으로, 히트싱크의 Junction부온도는핀두께및핀개수가증가할수록감소하였다. 또한히트싱크의핀두께를 1 mm에서 3 mm로증가함에따라열저항은 0.764 o C/W에서 0.739 o C/W 으로향상되었고, 히트싱크의핀개수를 9개에서 20개로증가함에따라열저항은 1.254 o C/W에서 0.610 o C/W로향상되었다. Abstract The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the cooling characteristics of the heat sink as a cooling device for the amplifier. In order to analyze the heat transfer performances of the heat sink, the steady-state thermal model of the ANSYS software was used and analyzed with the fin thickness, fin pitch and fin number of the heat sink. As a result, the temperature at the junction of heat sink was decreased with the increase of fin thickness and fin number. In addition, the thermal resistances of the heat sinks were enhanced from 0.764 o C/W to 0.739 o C/W and 1.254 o C/W to 0.610 o C/W, respectively, with the increase of the fin thickness from 1 mm to 3 mm and fin number from 9 to 20, respectively. Key Words : Amplifier, Cooling characteristics, Heat sink, Temperature distribution 1. 서론전기및전자기기가고성능화및고집적화됨에따라회로기판의구성요소를포함한핵심부품의소형화에따른다양한문제가발생하고있다. 특히전기-전자기기의성능이향상됨에따라전력소모의증가와더불어발열문제는전기-전자제품의효율및수명과연관되어중요한문제가부각되고있다 [1]. 따라서전기-전자기기의회로기판에서발생하는열의효과적인제거는기기의효율과더불어수명과연관되어많은연구가이루어지고있다. 그러나전기-전자기기에서발생된열을냉각하기위해서적용된냉동시스템의구동을위하여필요치않은에 너지가발생하기때문에냉동시스템의구동전력을최소화하는연구가활발히진행되고있으며, 이러한관점에서냉각시에너지소비가적은히트싱크에대한관심이증가하고있다. 특히, 히트싱크의재료및형상변화를통하여방열성능을향상시키는방향으로많은연구가진행되고있다. Jung and Lee (2011) 는파워앰프용히트싱크의발열성능에관한연구를수행하였으며, 상용수치해석프로그램을이용하여파워앰프에사용되는히트싱크의핀을수직 (Vertical type) 핀과원형 (Round type) 핀형상변경을통하여핀의방열성능을수치적으로해석하였고, 수직 (Vertical type) 핀형상이원형 (Round type) 핀형상에비하여열전달표면적의증가로인하여냉각 본논문 ( 작품 ) 은동아대학교교내연구비지원에의하여연구되었음. * Corresponding Author : Moo-Yeon Lee (Dong-A Univ.) Tel: +82-10-5440-8421 email: mylee@dau.ac.kr Received December 11, 2014 Revised January 23, 2015 Accpeted February 12, 2015 947

한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 2 호, 2015 효과가우수하다고보고하고있다 [2]. Kim and Lee (2014) 는고용량환경에서히트싱크베이스의두께변화에따른방열성능변화에관하여연구를수행하였고, 히트싱크베이스판의두께를 5, 9.5, 14 mm로변화시키면서온도분포를해석하였다. 그들은히트싱크의방열율은베이스의두께가얇을수록향상되는효과를보인다고보고하고있다 [3]. Kim et al. (2002) 의또다른연구에서는히트싱크의다양한형상에서열저항특성을자연대류와강제대류조건에서실험적으로제시하였고, 강제대류조건에서적층형형상의히트싱크가방열성능이우수하게나옴을확인하였다 [4]. Ryu et al. (2008) 은히트싱크면적에따른 IGBT 의열분포특성을모델링을통하여제시하였다. 그들은단일 IGBT 소자에대하여 2가지히트싱크에대하여열적분포특성을열화상카메라를이용하여촬영하였고 ANSYS 를이용한시뮬레이션결과와비교하여거의일치함을보였다 [5]. 따라서본연구에서는냉각시스템구동시에너지소비가거의없고, 작은공간에서도효과적으로사용할수있는히트싱크를앰프용으로사용가능한지에대하여평가하고자한다. 이를위하여본연구에서는상용수치해석프로그램인 ANSYS (v13.0) 을이용하여정상상태열전달해석을수행하였고, 앰프용히트싱크의핀개수, 핀피치및핀두께에따른열전달성능을고찰하였다. 켰다. (a) (b) [Fig. 1] Configurations of the heat sink (a)dimension (L W H) (b)picture 2. 수치해석방법본연구에서는앰프용히트싱크의방열성능을분석하기위하여상용수치해석프로그램인 ANSYS (v13.0) 의정상상태열전달해석모델을이용하여히트싱크의온도분포를수치적으로해석하였다. 본연구의대상인히트싱크의형상은 Fig. 1과같으며히트싱크의가로 (L, mm), 세로 (W, mm) 및높이 (H, mm) 는각각 236(L) 78(W) 38(H) 이다. 히트싱크의재질은알루미늄이고, 본연구에사용된수치해석조건은 Table 1에나타내었으며, 히트싱크핀개수, 핀피치및핀두께변화에따른해석모델의사양은 Table 2에나타내었다. 핀피치, 핀두께및핀개수의영향을고찰하기위하여 M1, M2, M3 해석모델은핀피치및핀개수는같고핀두께를각각 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm로변화시켰고, M2, M4, M5, M6 해석모델은핀두께는같고핀개수를각각 16, 20, 12, 9로변화시 [Table 1] Properties of the heat sink Material Aluminum Thermal conductivity (W/mm o C) 5.432 10-3 Density (kg/mm 3 ) 21 Specific heat (mj/kg o C) 9.51 10 5 Table 3은본연구에서사용한초기및경계조건으로 100W급발열량을가진앰프용히트싱크에대하여 Base 에열유속값은 5.432 10-3 W/mm 2 적용하였고주변온도는 21 o C로고정하였다. 히트싱크모델별방열성능을분석하기위하여히트싱크베이스 (Base and Junction) 부온도를서로비교하였고식 (1) 을이용하여열저항을계산하여열전달특성을고찰하였다. 여기서 P amp 는앰프의전력이며, T amb 는주변온도이고 T jun 는핀과히트싱크베이스의접합부온도이다. 948

앰프용히트싱크의방열특성에관한해석적연구 [Table 2] Specifications of the heat sink Specifications Model M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Size L236 W78 H38 Fin pitch 5.067 4 6.909 9.5 Fin number (EA) 16 20 12 9 Fin thickness 1 2 3 2 Base fin thickness 5 Volume (mm 3 ) 214350 339640 467880 401530 277740 231310 Mass (kg) 0.576 0.913 1.258 1.080 0.747 0.622 였다. 즉히트싱크의핀두께를 1 mm에서 3mm로증가함에따라열저항은 0.764 o C/W에서 0.739 o C/W로 3% 향상되었고, 핀개수를 9개에서 20개로증가함에따라열저항은 1.254 o C/W에서 0.610 o C/W로 51% 향상되었다. 결과적으로수치해석결과로부터핀두께및핀개수를증가시킬경우히트싱크의방열성능이향상됨을알수있었고, 이러한이유는핀두께및핀개수증가에따른핀표면적증가로전열성능향상에따른히트싱크의방열량이증가하였기때문이다 [6]. [Table 3] Initial and boundary conditions Heat flux (W/mm 2 ) 5.432 10-3 Ambient temperature ( o C) 21 (a) M1 (b) M2 (1) 3. 결론및고찰 (c) M3 (d) M4 Fig. 2는핀두께, 핀피치및핀개수변화에따른히트싱크모델별정상상태열전달해석을통한열전달특성을해석적으로나타내었다. M1, M2, M3 모델의해석결과를통하여핀두께 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm 변화에따른히트싱크 Junction 부온도변화를비교하였고, 핀두께 증가에따라 Junction부온도는 97.4 o C, 94.9 로감소함으로서방열성능이향상된것을알수있었다. 또한, M2, M4, M5, M6 모델의해석결과를통하여핀개수 9, 12, 16, 20 변화에따른히트싱크 Junction 부온도변화를비교하였고, 핀개수증가에따라 Junction부온도는 146.4 o C, 118.3 o C, 82.0 o C로감소함으로서방열성능이향상된것을알수있었다. 결과적으로히트싱크는핀두께및핀개수가증가할수록방열성능이향상됨을알수있었다. Fig. 3은핀두께및핀개수변화에따른히트싱크의 Junction부온도및열저항특성을나타내었다. 히트싱크의핀두께를 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm로증가할경우 Junction 부온도및열저항은감소하였고, 핀개수를 9, 12, 16, 20으로증가시킬경우열저항은감소하 o C (e) M5 (f) M6 [Fig. 2] Temperature distribution characteristics of the heat sink with variations of the fin pitch, fin number and fin thickness 98 97 96 95 0.72 94 0.70 0 1 2 3 4 Fin thickness (a) Fin thickness 0.78 0.76 0.74 949

한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 2 호, 2015 155 145 135 125 115 105 95 85 75 0.5 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Fin number (b) Fin number [Fig. 3] Heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink with variations of the fin pitch and fin number 또한, 핀두께 3 mm인히트싱크 M3 해석모델과핀개수 20인히트싱크 M4 해석모델의재료질량을비교해보면, 각각 1.258 kg 및 1.080 kg로 M4 모델이 M3 모델보다 16.5% 질량이감소하지만 Junction부온도는 94.9 o C에서 82.0 o C로감소함으로서 M4의방열성능이 M3보다증가함을알수있다. 즉, 히트싱크의열전달성능을향상시키기위해서는핀두께증가보다는핀개수증가가효과적임을알수있다. 결과적으로본연구결과를히트싱크설계에적절히활용할수있으며, 히트싱크를적용한앰프의요구방열량에따라필요한히트싱크핀개수를설계할수있으며핀개수와핀두께변화에따른열전달성능특성분석을통하여히트싱크필요재료의최소질량을산출하는데사용될수있다. 이러한특성을반영하여히트싱크설계시제작단가측면에서히트싱크의핀두께변화보다는핀개수변화를주는것이방열에효과적임을알수있다. 4. 결과 본연구는앰프용히트싱크의온도분포및열저항등의열전달특성을해석적으로연구하기위하여핀두께, 핀피치및핀개수변화에따른히트싱크모델별정상상태열전달해석을수행하여다음과같은결과를얻었다. 1. 히트싱크는핀두께및핀개수를증가할수록방열성능이향상되었으며, 히트싱크의핀두께를 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm 증가함에따라히트싱크 Junction부온도는 97.4 o C, 94.9 o C로감소하였고, 핀 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 개수를 9, 12, 16, 20로증가함에따라히트싱크 Junction부온도는 146.4 o C, 118.3 o C, 82.0 o C로감소하였다. 3. 히트싱크의핀두께를 1 mm에서 3mm로증가함에따라열저항은 0.764 o C/W에서 0.739 o C/W로 3% 향상되었고, 핀개수를 9개에서 20개로증가함에따라열저항은 1.254 o C/W에서 0.610 o C/W로 51% 향상되었다. 4. 히트싱크의열전달성능을향상시키기위해서는핀두께증가보다는핀개수증가가효과적이다. References [1] T. K. Lim, H. S. Lee, J. P. Won, J. W. Cho, M. Y. Lee, "Study on the Performance Characteristics of the Thermosyphon Used for the Vehicle Operated at Low Temperature Conditions", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 510-515, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.510 [2] Y. H. Jung, D. R. Lee, "The Study on Heat Radiation Performance of the Heat Sink for Power Amplifier Use", Proc. of the SAREK Summer Annual Meeting, pp 1145-1150, 2011. [3] J. H. Kim, G. W. Lee, "Effect of the variation of base thickness on the heat release performance of the heat sink", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 4749-4755, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.8.4749 [4] J. H. Kim, J. H. Yun, C. S. Lee, "An Experimental Study on the Thermal Resistance Characteristics for Various Types of Heat Sinks", Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 8, pp.676-682, 2002. [5] S. H. Ryu, J. K. Hong, C. S. Won, H. K. Ahn, D. Y. Han, "Thermal Distribution Modeling of IGBT with heatsink areas", Proc. of KIEEME Summer Annual Meeting, pp. 30-31, 2008. [6] S. C. Lim, M. H. Lee, K. M. Kang, "Thermal Analysis of Heat Sink Models using CFD simulation", Korean Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 829-832, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2005.15.12.829 950

앰프용히트싱크의방열특성에관한해석적연구 서재형 (Jae-Hyeong Seo) [ 정회원 ] 2008 년 2 월 : 동아대학교기계공학과 ( 공학사 ) 2011 년 2 월 : 동아대학교기계공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2011 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 동아대학교기계공학과 ( 공학박사과정 ) < 관심분야 > 친환경자동차열관리, 열 / 물질전달, 나노유체 이무연 (Moo-Yeon Lee) [ 종신회원 ] 2010 년 2 월 : 고려대학교기계공학부 ( 공학박사 ) 2011 년 2 월 ~ 2012 년 8 월 : 자동차부품연구원선임연구원 2012 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 동아대학교기계공학과교수 < 관심분야 > 친환경자동차열관리, 열 / 물질전달, 연료전지, 나노유체 951