ª Œª Œ 31ƒ 3B Á 2011 5œ pp. 265 ~ 276 ª w w s³ The Correlation Between the Moving Average of Precipitation and Groundwater Level in Korea Á½û» Yang, Jeong-SeokÁKim, Nam-Ki Abstract Precipitation data and groundwater level data were collected for Korean peninsular and Jeju island. The relationship between precipitation and groundwater level and the correlation between the moving average of precipitation and goundwater level were analyzed. Critical infiltration, which is the spatially averaged maximum daily infiltration depth over interested region, is considered when the precipitation data was modified for moving average process and correlation between the moving average of modified precipitation and groundwater level. High correlation regions, which have greater than 0.6 correlation coefficients, were selected after the analysis with ciritical infiltration. Twenty-six regions were selected for high correlation regions. If we divide the regions by administrative district, there are nine regions for Gyungsang-Do, five regions for Chunchung-Do, four regions for Gyunggi-Do and Gangwon-Do, three regions for Jolla-Do, and one region for Jeju island. The groundwater level data for high correlation regions shows obvious response after precipitation event and there are few cases with abrupt change in groundwater level without precipitation-related event. Keywords : moving average of precipitation, groundwater level, critical infiltration, correlation w sww ƒ w d d w d w. w w z w s³ w z w w. w s³ en w en š w z, s³ w w. w en š ƒ 0.6 œ w š, œm p w. 26 š w» ƒ 4, ƒ 4, ƒ 5, ƒ 3, ƒ 9, ƒ 1. ƒ w w ùkû, w w ùkû. m d ù y w ƒ w w d ƒ w». w : s³, w, w en, 1. x w š»z y w yƒ wš. ql ù sƒ w, ƒ y ³ ƒ ƒw vwƒ f q. ù ew y kt š y wš w vwƒ ƒwš. w» w w w w y ƒw š. ù wš ùy»z yƒ š. w y š w w š y, w wš ƒw w» w ã š. p w p q w» w w w w v f š. ƒ t w» w d s³ (Wilhite, 1985; Gutmann, 1999) w z Á Á w lœw Áœw (E-mail : jyang@kookmin.ac.kr) w lœw Áw (E-mail : mainhouse@naver.com) 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 265
w w p q w» w y w y q w» w s³ en w en w. ü w w s³ w w» (, 2005), s³ w en š w w w ƒ (, 2005, 2006a, 2006b). w y w w ù w w š sw g. w û d ¼ d d ƒ d ƒ û ƒ š d ƒ ƒ w en s³ š ƒ p.» w 2008 ƒw š k» d w» w w. ƒ w l(gims) p e w, ƒ w l(wamis) š» d w d w s³ w w. 165 š ƒ wš 2008 ƒw w. 2. 2.1» w w d d ƒ 10 km ü œ 1 w z, w d d w. ¼ ƒ 3 w œ w š,» d w w l w. w d ¼ ƒ» w w š d w w. Fig. 1 w en š w ƒ 0.6 œ 26 ùkü ƒx ƒ 0.8, x 0.7, ƒx 0.6 w t w. w» ƒ 4, ƒ 4, ƒ 5, ƒ 3, ƒ 9, ƒ 1. w, d q w š Table 1 w. w d ƒ w l(http://www.gims. go.kr) d y w. d d d ƒƒ w, 3 d», d 10 w w w. p e w (http://www.jejuwater.go.kr) d y w. d. w Fig. 1 High correlation (>0.6) regions w y w. d ƒ w l(http:// www.wamis.go.kr)» w 2005 ¾ w š, z w r w w. 2.2 10 s³ (Moving Average, MA) w. s³ w d» s³ w. š 10 20 s³, 30 s³ w. s³ 360 w. ƒƒ s³ w w z ƒ ƒ s³ w s³ š wš w. s³ 10 w» sww N w w w z, N ù. w» ü d ƒ e w w wš. w w w w w e s³ en w en š w. 10 mm w en ƒ w z 10 mm 10 mm w z s³ wš, w w. ƒ w en 10 mm 20 mm, 30 mm w w w ƒ ƒ j w en w w en w. v w š java program w w. 266 ª Œª Œ
Table 1. The correlation between the moving average of precipitation and groundwater level Ground Water Level 1 Administrative District Gyeonggi-do Ground Water Level Gapyeong-Gapyeong Precipitation Gapyeong 2 Gunpo-Dangjeong Banwol2 3 Yangpyeong-Gagun Yangpyeong 4 Ansung-Simmo MT. Yangseong 5 Gangwon-do Wonju-Munmak Munmak 6 Jeongseon-Jeongseon Jeongseon 7 Yeongwol-Yeongwol Yeongwol 8 Taebaek-Hwangjj Taebaek 9 Eumseong-Daeso Oryu 10 Jincheon-Jincheon Jincheon Chungcheong-do 11 Cheongwon-gadeok Munul 12 Cheongwon-Buyong Bugang 13 Gongju-Banpo Banpo 14 Jinan-Maryeong Seongsu 15 Jeolla-do Suncheon-Oeseo Usan 16 Suncheon-Sangsa Suncheon2 Geological Stratum Moving Average (day) 20 0.6184 20 0.6551 110 0.6671 Critical Infiltration (mm / day) 60 / 20 0.6559 60 / 20 0.7167 70 / 110 0.6938 - - 100 0.7723 100 0.8081 190 0.5741 40 / 100 0.8282 40 / 100 0.8560 10 / 210 0.7225 - - 40 0.7128 60 0.5612 40 / 40 0.7270 10 / 60 0.6275 - - 110 0.8297 60 / 110 0.8225 - - 80 0.7144 10 / 80 0.8085 - - 260 0.8032 270 0.8029 50 0.6290 40 / 260 0.8211 40 / 270 0.8478 40 / 40 0.6902 - - 220 0.6301 220 0.6286 90 0.8142 120 / 220 0.6313 120 / 220 0.6299 130 / 90 0.8187 - - 50 0.6672 110 / 50 0.6684 - - 30 0.6141 20 / 30 0.7265 - - 80 0.7802 80 0.7697 70 0.6214 80 / 80 0.7988 70 / 80 0.7926 70 / 70 0.6310 - - 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 267
Ground Water Level 17 3. Table 1. The correlation between the moving average of precipitation and groundwater level Administrative District Ground Water Level Uiseong-Angye Precipitation Oeseong 18 Chilgok-Gasan Gomae 19 Goryeong-Goryeong Goryeong 20 Geochang-Geochang Geochang Gyeongsang-do 21 Uiryeong-Nakseo Sinban 22 Miryang-Hanam Susan 23 Hadong-Yangbo Sancheong 24 Jinju-Chojeon Jinju 25 Jinju-Ilbanseong Jinyang Geological Stratum Moving Average (day) 90 0.7071 Critical Infiltration (mm / day) 20 / 90 0.7613 - - 10 0.6485 10 0.7622 260 / 10 0.6486 280 / 10 0.7622 - - 20 0.6271 40 0.6158 50 0.7046 100 0.2553 20 0.7049 100 0.4694 180 / 20 0.6271 20 / 50 0.7300 20 / 50 0.7682 20 / 100 0.2843 200 / 20 0.7049 10 / 110 0.6022 - - 60 0.6287 10 / 80 0.7319 - - 26 Jeju Wimi Seogwipo - 120 0.8069 110 0.8047 40 0.5241 160 / 120 0.8074 150 / 110 0.8060 10 / 40 0.6222 - - 90 0.7052 270 / 90 0.7052 w s³ w ƒ 0.6 26. ew Table 1 w. w, w d 3 4 t. Moving Average s³ ùküš, w ew s³, w ew ùkü. ew Critical Infiltration w en ùküš, w ew w en (mm) s³ (day) ùk ü. w ew ùkü. d Fig. 2~Fig. 13¾ w d p w. ƒ j wš w p w ³ w n w q. Fig. 2 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Gunpo- Dangjeong, Banwol2 gauge station 3.1» s - 2 2006 9~10 w w w w w 268 ª Œª Œ
Fig. 3 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Ansung- Sinmo Mt., Yangseong gauge station Fig. 6 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Gongju- Banpo, Banpo gauge station Fig. 4 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Taebaek- Hwangji, Taebaek gauge station Fig. 7 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Eumseong- Daeso, Oryu gauge station Fig. 5 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Jincheon- Jincheon, Jincheon gauge station ƒ 0.6938. d» š w 2003 44.16 m š, w 2006 41.36 m. 2008 w s w û s. - m w ƒ w ƒw z, Fig. 8 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Jinan- Maryeong, Seongsu gauge station w w p. w, 5 d» w w ƒ w w x 8z ù kû, z w. p 2005 w 5m ƒ w w x ùkûš, w q. 2007 42.15 m d» š w ƒ d, w 2008 9 d 35.46 m 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 269
Fig. 9 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Uiseong- Angye, Angye gauge station Fig. 12 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Jinju- Ilbanseong, Jinyang gauge station Fig. 10 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Chilgok- Gasan, Gomae gauge station Fig. 11 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Hadong- Yangbo gauge station š w w ùkû. k y -k z w ƒ wš»» y s š. w z y w q. Fig. 13 Precipitation and groundwater level plot for Wimi, Seogwipo gauge station 3.2 - s³ ƒ ¼ ù, w. 2006 w 300 mm y w s wš ƒ wš, w w. Fig. 3 w w p š ù w x š ùkù w d q kƒ yw» q ( ). - w en š s³ ƒ 40 š w en 40 mm ù š, w 4 ¾ z w w ƒ 6 w. 3 t» wš 9 w. s³ š w w en ¾ š w ƒ 0.06 w. d» š 1.59 m d w r. ƒ - w w w, 5~11, 12 ~4 w š. z w ƒ w w ùkûš, p 270 ª Œª Œ
2007 4 4» w, 11 š», y g w. w w en ƒ ùkûš, m ƒ 6.8 m d. œ s- s ƒ 2008 š w w û x š w en 110 mm r. ¼ 2003 l 2008 ¾ 6 w š 200 78.65 š» w. 11.8~14.8 m e w ty d q kƒ w w r. - d» w ƒ wš w ùk ù. w š w y w z w q. - d 2000 l 2007 ¾ w ã w w wš,»» w ù w. ã w d ƒ v w q. w en š w s³ w ƒ š w w ùkû. w en 20 mm w w wš w. 3.3 - œ w d, w w wš. w, ù š, w ƒw w š. ešƒ -š š ã w w. w» w, y w wš w w p. s³ 10 ƒ š, w en 280 mm ùkù w ƒ w. w - p w»» ù ƒ š p s³ š w j. w q w w w d» w ã w wš w y w q. - d 2003 w 2008» t» ƒ j. š w x x w ùš».» 2006 7 10 178 mm» w š, 18 z 28 28.2 m» w. 3.4 - s d 2006 l 3 d 2008 š w ƒ w. p w en 270 mm w ùkùš ƒ w w w w q. 4. w d w s³ w en w š w s³ w. w s³ wš w w w w š ƒ w. s³ w ƒ ƒ œ - 90 s³ ƒ š, 0.8142 ƒ. w en š w z s³ w ƒ ƒ œ s - s w en 40 mm š s³ 100 0.8560 ƒ. w,» ƒ 4, ƒ 4, ƒ 3, û ƒ 2, 1, û 2, 3, û 6, 1 ƒ w en š 0.6 ƒ. d» š, d w ù ew,», k w ƒ. w d 1999 l 2006 ¾ w, 2003, 2004 ƒ ƒ. d d d w ƒ 1, d d w ƒ 7 ù kû. d w œ 14 š, ew - s d ƒ. ƒ w s w š,» w œ w w yƒ. x ¾ k w ¼ ¼, w s³ w d d š d» w x x. ù wz ƒ w d» d w. y w» w w d 10 km w ƒ x w s ƒ ³ w w w en p š w ƒ û». d ƒ w d» w š w. 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 271
ƒ w p w ùkù wš w w y s j w. w en š w s³ w z š ƒ j ww w z w d ù w y w, w d ƒ w q. wz p w w e w š w š w ww. w»z y w y w w d w d w ƒ wz w. 2008 w w (KRF-2008-331- D00614). š x ƒ l(http://www.wamis.go.kr) ƒ w l(http://www.gims.go.kr)» (http://www.kma.go.kr) x,, ½,, (2005) w w t, w wz t, w wz, p. 60. p w (http://hangang.seoul.go.kr), ½û»(2009) z w en š w w w s³, œw, w œwz, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 313-321., x,, (2006a) IHP w en š w s³ w, w wz t, w wz., y, x, (2006b) w z š w GOI, w wz, w wz, 39«2y, pp. 121-125., y, x,, (2005) w en š w w, œw, w œwz, 15«3y, pp. 303-307. p e w (http://www.jejuwater.go.kr) w y m (http://www.hrfco.go.kr) Guttman, Nathaniel B. (1999) Accepting the standardized precipitation index : a calculation algorithm., Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 311-322. Wilhite, D.A. and Glantz, M.H. (1985) Understanding the drought phenomenon : the role of definition., Water international, Vol. 10, pp. 111-120. ( : 2010.12.23/ : 2011.1.28/ : 2011.3.7) 272 ª Œª Œ
Ground Water Level 1 Administrative District Gyeonggi-do Ground Water Level Gapyeong-Gapyeong. y Geological Stratum 2 Gunpo-Dangjeong 3 Yangpyeong-Gagun 4 Ansung-Simmo MT. 5 Gangwon-do Wonju-Munmak 6 Jeongseon-Jeongseon 7 Yeongwol-Yeongwol 8 Taebaek-Hwangjj Depth Geological Features 0 m~7 m d 7 m~8.1 m ty d 8.1 m~38.5 m d 38.5 m~130 m d 0 m~7 m 7 m~7.5 m d ty d 0 m~6 m m 6 m~11 m ty 11 m~40 m 40 m~70 m 0 m~3 m m 3 m~5 m 5 m~9 m 9 m~11 m ty 11 m~52 m 52 m~70 m 0 m~3 m m 3 m~5 m 5 m~9 m 9 m~9.5 m ty 0 m~0.5 m m 0.5 m~5 m ty 5 m~46 m 46 m~70 m 0 m~1.5 m 1.5 m~12 m 12 m~17.3 m 17.3 m~63 m 0 m~15 m m 15 m~27 m 27 m~30 m 30 m~38 m ty 38 m~48.5 m 48.5 m~70 m 0 m~3 m m 3 m~9 m 9 m~13.5 m ty 13.5 m~46.7 m 46.7 m~70 m 10 m~1.2 m p 1.2 m~5 m ty 5 m~70 m 70 m~80 m 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 273
9 Eumseong-Daeso 10 Jincheon-Jincheon Chungcheong-do 11 Cheongwon-gadeok 12 Cheongwon-Buyong 13 Gongju-Banpo 14 Jinan-Maryeong Jeolla-do 15 Suncheon-Oeseo 0 m~1 m m 1 m~20 m 20 m~35.9 m ty 35.9 m~54.5 m 54.5 m~68 m 0 m~1 m m 1 m~20 m 20 m~21.2 m ty 0 m~1 m p 1 m~3 m 3 m~7 m 7m ~10 m 10 m~10.5 m ty 10.5 m~45 m 45 m~71 m 0 m~5.2 m md 5.2 m~6.8 m m d 6.8 m~18 m ty d 18 m~44.1 m d 44.1 m~65 m d 0 m~5.2 m md 5.2 m~6.8 m m d 6.8 m~18 m ty d 18 m~25 m d 0 m~2 m md 2 m~6 m d 6 m~11.6 m d 11.6 m~13.1 m d 13.1 m~13.8 m ty 13.8 m~46 m d 46 m~70 m d 0 m~1.5 m d 1.5 m~11.8 m d 11.8 m~14.8 c ty 14.8 m~48.8 m 48.8 m~68 m 0 m~5 m md 5 m~5.5 m d 5.5 m~12 m ty 12 m~37 m 37 m~71 m 0 m~3 m p d 3 m~7 m d 7 m~12 m ty d 12 m~32 m d 32 m~60 m d 0 m~4 m p d 0.4 m~9 m d 9 m~10 m ty d 274 ª Œª Œ
16 Jeolla-do Suncheon-Sangsa 17 Uiseong-Angye 18 Chilgok-Gasan 19 Goryeong-Goryeong Gyeongsang-do 20 Geochang-Geochang 21 Uiryeong-Nakseo 22 Miryang-Hanam 0 m ~ 3 m m 3 m~4 m 4 m~6 m 6 m~8 m 8 m~10.2 m ty 10.2 m~53.2 m 53.2 m~70 m 0 m~1.5 m md 1.5 m~3.5 m d 3.5 m~6 m ty 6 m~43.1 m d 43.1 m~70 m d 0 m~4 m md 4 m~6.5 m d 6.5 m~7.5 m d 7.5 m~12 m ty 12 m~50.8 m d 50.8 m~70 m d 0 m~4 m md 4 m~6.5 m d 6.5 m~7.5 m d 7.5 m~10 m ty 0 m~1 m md 1 m~6 m d 6 m~7 m d 0 m~1 m md 1 m~7 m d 7 m~9 m d 9 m~40 m 40 m~69 m d 0 m~1 m md 1 m~7 m d 7 m~9 m d 0 m~8 m md 8 m~28 m 28 m~38 m d / d 38 m~40 m ty 40 m~51 m 51 m~70 m 0 m~8 m md 8 m~20 m d 0 m~9 m 9 m~30 m md d 30 m~45 m d 45 m~50 m d 50 m~60 m d 60 m~70 m d 31ƒ 3B 2011 5œ 275
23 Gyeongsang-do Hadong-Yangbo 24 Jinju-Chojeon 25 Jinju-Ilbanseong 0 m~3 m md 3 m~10 m ty 10 m~56.2 m d 56.2 m~70 m d 0 m~1.5 m p md 1.5 m~6.5 m p d 6.5 m~9 m d 9 m~9.5 m d 9.5 m~21 m ty 21 m~51 m d 51 m~70 m 0 m~3.8 m p d 3.8 m~12 m d 0 m~1.5 m md 1.5 m~5 m d 5 m~6.4 m d 6.4 m~9.6 m ty 9.6 m~49.1 m d 49.1 m~70 m d 26 Jeju Wimi - - - - - - - 276 ª Œª Œ