KDI정책포럼제229호 (2010-09) (2010. 12. 20) 내용문의 : 서중해 (02-958-4171) 구독문의 : 발간자료담당자 (02-958-4341) 본정책포럼의내용은 KDI 홈페이지를 통해서도보실수있습니다. http://www.kdi.re.kr 대학 - 산업협력체제의발전과향후과제 서중해 (KDI 연구위원 ) 요 약 -.,. - (Bayh-Dole Act) - : 1980 12 12 ( 30 ).,, (Economist, 2002 12 12 ) 2003 한국개발연구원 1
2008,,,, 1,140 2.3, 20 5.3%, 2.1%, 1.0% 0.8% (1).., (2)..,, (3) -.. (4) - -, 2 한국개발연구원
1980 - (Bayh-Dole Act).,. (Economist, 2002 12 12 ) 1. 머리말 : 바이 - 돌법 30 주년과대학의새로운역할 WEF 22, IMD 23. - (WEF) 23, (IMD) 24. IMD WEF, 1) -. -? 2010 12 12 - (Bayh-Dole Act) 30. - 30 -. 10 NRC -, 2). Research Policy - 30. AUTM(Association of University Technology Managers),,. 3) Economist (inspired) - 1) IMD 7, 16, 35. WEF 15, 19.. R&D,... 2) National Research Council, Managing University Intellectual Property in the Public Interest, 2010. 3) AUTM www.b-d30.org. 한국개발연구원 3
,. -.. -. - -. - 30., -.., -. 2. 제도의변화 - ( )... 1978 3, 5% (NRC[2010], p.19)., 33% (Raubitschek and Latker[2005]).... - 4 한국개발연구원
[ 그림 1] 미국대학기술이전조직설립 [ 그림 2] 미국대학특허등록추세 10 4,000 미국대학특허수 비중 ( 우축, %) 5.0 8 3,000 4.0 6 3.0 2,000 4 2.0 2 1,000 1.0 0 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 : AUTM. 0 0.0 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 : USPTO; NSF... 4)... -. AUTM, 1980 24. 1980 62 1990 58 151.., 1980 390 2008 3,042. 1% 4%. - -.. 4) www.itwatchdog.com - 30 Birch Bayh, 2010 10 13. 한국개발연구원 5
2003 OECD, 24, 18 6 (, ). 5),. - (,,,, ), (, ), ( ). 3. 대학의기술이전활동? 5 < 1>.. 6). 5, 10... 13, 67 24., 2008.,. 2008,, 100~200. 5).. OECD, Turning Science into Business, 2003. 6) 4,. ASTP(Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals),. 6 한국개발연구원
< 표 1> 대학기술이전활동국제비교 (2008 년 ) 154 35 158 47 45 149 (10 ) 45.79 4.49 9.01 7.57 0.93 4.59 ( ) (297) (128) (57) (161) (21) (31) ( ) 2,413 47 188 94 3 36 (5.3%) (1.0%) (2.1%) (1.2%) (0.3%) (0.8%) 549 39 191 208 100-10,963 890 2,097 966 526 9,142 : 2008. PCT.,. : AUTM( ); HEFCE( ); ASTP( ); REDOTRI( ); ( ).. 9,000.,,.,. 7) [ 3] 2007, 2008. 8) 2008 (1 = 1,606.77 ), 5 (3, 3 ~10, 10 ~30, 30 ~100 100 ). 100 18, 75, 2. 3 81, 7, 7) NBER DB ( ) 13.8, 9.7, 7.2, 5.2, 6.1, 9.8, 5.7 ( ) 7.3. ( [2010]). 8) Conti and Gaule(2010) 163, AUTM 141. 2008 93. 한국개발연구원 7
[ 그림 3] 기술료수입분포 : Conti and Gaule(2010); (2010). 43.. 4. 대학 - 산업협력 : 영국대한국, -,. 9),,. - -,. 10), 9) OECD(2003). 10) University Challenge Seed Fund(UCSF) Higher Education Innovation Fund(HEIF). UCSF Wellcome Trust Gatsby Charitable Foundation, 1999~2009 10 4 15, 25%. HEIF 4 2008~11 8 한국개발연구원
,,.. < 1>.,., 5. 2.5. 2008 191. 2008. 2008,. 4.5,. 23% 5.. [ 4] [ 5] 2008. (1 = 2,012 ). [ 4] [ 5] 40. (continuing professional development) 71 ( 1 1,230 ). 142 1 9 ( 272 ). 42 ( 6,700 ), 16 ( 2,500 ). 3 4. www.hefce.ac.uk. 한국개발연구원 9
[ 그림 4] 영국대학평균 [ 그림 5] 한국대학평균 8,000 200 6,000 150 4,000 100 2,000 50 0 경력개발컨설팅기술료장비등서비스 0 위탁교육기술이전창업보육학교기업기술자문 : HEFCE. : 2008. 14 ( 2200 ). 143 4.4 33.. 11). 2002 6 2007 50. -. 2000 70%, 2008 30%. [ 4],. 12) 11),. UK paradox, European paradox.. Rosenberg(1994) Dosi et al. (2006). 12) 2008 590 12%.. 5 10 (Library House[2007]). 10 한국개발연구원
2003.,,.,.. 2008,,. 13) 5. 향후과제 -., 14). -.... (1) -.. 15) (HEFCE[2010]). 13) 2008. 14) NRC(2010). 15) D'Este(2008), (67.3%), (66.7%), (57.5%), (42.0%),, (29.3%), (27.4%) (20.0%). 한국개발연구원 11
... (2)... 16). (3)..,,.. (4), - -...,..,.,. 16) 2008 Lyrica 7. Lyrica 1989 Richard Silverman 16 2005. 12 한국개발연구원
참고자료, 2008, 2010., (1):,, 2010. Arundel, Anthony and Catalina Bordoy, Summary Respondent Report: ASTP Survey for Fiscall Year 2008, UNU-MERIT, 2010. Association of University Technology Managers, AUTM Licensing Activity Survey, FY, 2008. Conti, Annamaria and Patrick Gaule, Is the US Outperforming Europe in University Technology Licensing? A New Perspective on the European Paradox, DRUID Working Paper No. 10-04, 2010. D'Este, Pablo, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Organizations, Institutions, Systems and Regions, Paper Presented at DRUID Conference, 2008. Dosi, Giovanni, Patrick Llerena, and Mauro Sylos Labini, The Relationships between Science, Technologies and Their Industrial Exploitation: An Illustration through the Myths and Realities of the So-called European Paradox, Research Policy, Vol. 35, Issue 10, 2006, pp. 1450~1464. Higher Education Funding Council for England, Higher Education Business and Community Interaction Survey, June 2010. (www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs) Library House, An Analysis of UK University Technology and Knowledge Transfer Activities, UK: Cambridge, 2007. National Research Council, Managing University Intellectual Property in the Public Interest, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2010. OECD, Turning Science into Business: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations, Paris: OECD, 2003. Raubitschek, John H. and Norman J. Latker, Reasonable Pricing: A New Twist for March-in Rights under the Bayh-Dole Act, Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal, Vol. 22, 2005, pp.149~167. RedOTRI Universidades, Informe de la encuesta RedOTRI, 2008, Madrid, 2010. Rosenberg, Nathan, Science-technology-economy Interactions, in Ove Granstrand (ed.), Economics of Technology, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B. V., 1994. 한국개발연구원 13