<30355FC8ABC3A2BFC02E687770>

Koren Journl of Environmentl Agriulture Koren J Environ Agri (211) Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 261-267 http://dx.doi.org/1.5338/kjea.211.3.3.261 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 Reserh Artile Open Aess 중금속오염농경지에서축분퇴비와인산비료의혼용시용에의한카드뮴식물이용성저감효과 홍창오, 1 김상윤, 2 김필주 2,3* 1 사우스다코다주립대학교작물학과, 2 경상대학교대학원 (BK 21 Progrm) 응용생명과학부, 3 경상대학교농업생명과학원 Effet of Phosphte Fertilizer nd Mnure in Reduing Cdmium Phytovilility in Rdish-grown Soil Chng Oh Hong, 1 Sng Yoon Kim, 2 nd Pil Joo Kim 2,3,* ( 1 Plnt Siene Deprtment, South Dkot Stte University, 219, Brookings, SD 577, USA, 2 Division of Applied Life Siene, Grdute Shool (Brin Kore 21 Progrm), Gyeongsng Ntionl University, 9, Ksw-dong, Jinju, 66-71, South Kore, 3 Institute of Agriulture nd Life Sienes, Gyeongsng Ntionl University, 9, Ksw-dong, Jinju, 66-71, South Kore) Reeived: 26 July 211 / Aepted: 22 Septemer 211 211 The Koren Soiety of Environmentl Agriulture Astrt BACKGROUND: Cdmium (Cd) hs long een reognized s one of most toxi elements. Applition of orgni mendments nd phosphte fertilizers n derese the iovilility of hevy metls in ontminted soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study ws onduted to evlute effet of omined pplition of phosphte fertilizer nd mnure in reduing dmium phytovilility in hevy metl ontminted soil. Phosphte fertilizers [Fused nd super phosphte (FSP) nd K 2 HPO 4 (DPP)] nd mnure (M) were pplied s single pplition (FSP, DPP, nd M) to omined pplition (FSP+M nd DPP+M) efore rdish seeding. K 2 HPO 4 deresed NH 4 OA extrtle Cd nd plnt Cd onentrtion, minly due to inreses in soil ph nd negtive hrge. However, FSP inresed NH 4 OA extrtle Cd nd plnt Cd onentrtion. Mnure signifintly inresed soil ph nd negtive hrge. Comined pplition of phosphte fertilizer nd mnure were muh more effetive in reduing * 교신저자 (Corresponding uthor), Phone: +82-55-772-1966; Fx: +82-55-772-1969; E-mil: pjkim@gnu..kr These two uthors ontriuted eqully. Cd phytovilility thn simple pplition of eh omponent. Clulted soluility digrm indited tht Cd onentrtions in the solution of soils mended with phosphte fertilizers nd mnure were understurted with respet to ll potentil Cd minerls [Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2, CdCO 3, Cd(OH) 2, nd CdHPO 4 ]. Plnt Cd onentrtion nd NH 4 OA extrtle Cd were negtively relted to soil ph nd negtive hrge. CONCLUSION: Allevition of Cd phytovilility with phosphte fertilizer nd mnure n e ttriuted primrily to Cd immoiliztion due to the inrese in soil ph nd negtive hrge rther thn Cd nd phosphte preipittion. Therefore, omined pplition of lkline phosphte mterils nd mnure is effetive for reduing Cd phytovilility. Key Words: Cdmium, Immoiliztion, Mnure, Negtive hrge, Phosphte 서론 카드뮴오염농경지를복원하는방법은생물학적처리방법, 물리적처리방법, 화학적처리방법등다양하게있다 (Tkijim nd Ktsumi, 1973; Co et l., 1993; Adrino, 21). 이러한방법중실제농가에서사용하고있는인산비료를이용하여토양내카드뮴을화학적으로안

262 HONG et l. 정화하는방법은다른처리방법에비해비용이저렴하고오염지의환경훼손없이적용가능하다는장점을가지고있다 (Hong et l., 28). 인산비료를이용하여토양내카드뮴을부동화하여식물이용성을저감시키는기술은과거수십년간꾸준히연구되어왔으며최근들어이와관련된연구의관심이증가되고있다 (Bst et l., 21). 인산에의한카드뮴의부동화는다양한메커니즘에의해이루어진다. 그러나현재까지크게두가지의원인에의해이루어진다고보고되고있다. 첫번째원인은 Eq. 1과같이토양내에서카드뮴과인산이침전반응을통해난용성의카드뮴- 인산화합물을형성하여수용성의카드뮴이부동화되는것이다 (Chen et l., 1997; MGowen et l., 21; Semn et l., 21). 3Cd 2+ + 2PO 3-4 Cd 3(PO 4) 2 log K = 32.6 Eq. 1 (Jurink nd Sntillin-Medrno, 1974). 두번째원인은인산에의해유도된카드뮴이온의흡착에의한것이다 (Boln et l., 1999; Nidu et l., 1994). 토양내인산은음이온형태로존재하며토양교질과특이적흡착을하여강하게결합한다. 이과정을통해토양의 ph는증대하게되고토양의음하전도를증대시키게된다. 인산의흡착에의해음하전이증대된토양교질에양하전의카드뮴이온은쉽게흡착되어부동화된다. 다수의연구결과들이인산비료가카드뮴의식물이용성을저감시킨다는것을입증해왔다 (Levi-Minzi nd Petruzzelli, 1984; Nidu et l., 1994; Chen et l., 1997; Boln et l., 1999; MGowen et l., 21; Semn et l., 21). 그러나최근들어일부연구결과들은이와반대되는결과를보고하고있다. Hong 등 (28) 은카드뮴오염농경지내용과린비료의시용은오히려알타리무내카드뮴의흡수량을증대시킨다는것을보고하였다. 또한 Hong 등 (21) 의결과에따르면인산비료의종류에따라카드뮴을부동화하는효과가상이하게다른것으로나타났으며시험에사용된인산비료중 K 2HPO 4 의효과가가장우수한것으로나타났다. 다수의연구결과들이인산비료가카드뮴의식물이용성을저감시키는데우수하다고보고하였으나인산비료의시용에의해토양내식물유효태형태의카드뮴이완전히제거되는것은아니다. 그래서인산의카드뮴부동화효과를증대시키기위해일부연구에서는인산과함께석탄회나슬래그와같은부산물제재들을시용하였다 (Tkijim nd Ktsumi, 1973; Wu et l., 1984). 그러나산업부산물인석탄회와슬래그는일부독성이높은중금속을포함하고농경지에토양개량재로서의사용에대해늘의문시되어왔다 (Adrino et l., 19; Pge et l., 1979; Adrino et l., 198). 토양내축분퇴비의시용은토양의 ph와음하전도를증대시켜카드뮴과같은양이온성증금속을부동화시켜식물이용성을감소시킬수있다고보고되고있다 (Pierzynski nd Shw, 1993; Kres et l., 1998; Merrington nd Mdden, 2; Boln et l., 23). 또한현재국내시중에서판매되고있는축분퇴비는농가에서사용이용이하고가격이저렴하여카드뮴오염농경지에인산비료와함께시용하 기에적당할것으로판단된다. 그래서본연구는카드뮴오염농경지에서카드뮴부동화에대해서로다른효과를가진두인산제재 ( 용과린과 K 2HPO 4) 를선정하고두제재의부동화효과를증진시키기위해축분퇴비를시용하여카드뮴의식물이용성저감에대한영향을조사하였다. 재료및방법 공시토양과공시재료본연구를수행하기위해경남합천군술곡리의봉산광산 (128 1'N 34 37'E) 인근밭토양을공시토양으로선정하였다. 대상지역의토양은칠곡통에속하는토양이었으며점토 6.1%, 미사 35% 모래 58.9% 를포함하는사질양토 (sndy lom) 이었다. 공시토양의 ph는 6.57로약산성이었으며유기물의함량은 38.9 g/kg이었다. 치환성양이온의함량은 7.54 mol /kg으로나타났다. 자세한공시토양의이화학적특성은 Tle 1에나타냈다. 공시토양내조사된중금속중카드뮴의함량은토양오염우려기준을초과하는것으로나타났다. 공시토양내카드뮴의총함량은 9.1 mg/kg으로토양오염우려기준을 2배이상초과하였다. 공시인산제재로는시중에판매되고있는인산질비료인용과린과인산화합물인 K 2HPO 4 를선정하였다. 유기물제재로는시중에판매되고있는축분퇴비를선정하였다. 공시제재의이화학적특성은 Tle 2에나타내었다. Tle 1. Chemil properties of the soil efore the test Items ph (1:5 with H 2O) Orgni mtter (g/kg) Totl nitrogen (g/kg) Aville phosphorus (mg/kg) Ction exhnge pity (mol /kg) Exhngele tion (mol /kg) K C Mg N Totl hevy metls (mg/kg) Cd Cu P Conentr tion 6.57 38.9 3.5 11 7.54.17 3.97.87.3 9.1 44.9 56.4 Wrning riteri * 4 15 2 * Mens wrning riteri of eh hevy metls estlished y Koren Soil Environmentl Conservtion At.

Effet of Phosphte Fertilizer nd Mnure in Reduing Cdmium Phytovilility in Rdish-grown Soil 263 Tle 2. Chemil properties of phosphte fertilizers nd mnure used for this study Prmeter FSP K 2HPO 4 Mnure ph (1:5 with H 2O) 5.7 9.5 6.2 Phosphorus (g/kg) Wter solule 27 63 - Citri id solule 44 68 - Totl 89 177 24 Totl ron (g/kg) - - 391 Totl nitrogen (g/kg) - - 22 Tle 3. Tretment plots set up for this study 의함량을분석하였다. 토양의음하전도를측정하기위하여토양 5 g을 1 M NCl 3 ml을가하여 1 시간동안교반한후원심분리시켜상등액을따라내고남아있는토양에 ethyl lohol 2 ml 을가하여남아있는침출액을 3회반복하여씻어냈다. Ethyl lohol을분리시킨후상등액은따라내고남은토양에 1M NH 4OAC 3 ml을가하여 1 시간동안침출하였다. 침출후여과시켜여과액내의나트륨 (N) 의함량을 ICP-OES로분석하여음하전도를구하였다. 수확후알타리무를지상부와지하부로분리시킨후드라이오븐에서 7 에서 72 시간동안건조후분쇄하였다. 분쇄된시료 1 g을채취하여 ternry solution 으로분해시킨후 ICP-OES로 Cd의함량을측정하였다. Tretment Control FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M Phosphte fertilizer - Fused nd superphosphte K 2HPO 4 - Fused nd superphosphte K 2HPO 4 Applition rte (P 2O 5 kg/h) Mnure pplition (Mg/h) 3 3 3 모델링토양용액내카드뮴화학종의침전양상을조사하기위해 Visul MINTEQ (ver 2.23) 모델링프로그램을사용하였다. 모델링을실시하기위해이온세기와 ph는각처리구에서조사된수치로고정되었으며양이온 (Cd, C, K, Mg, N, P, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, NH 4) 과음이온 (PO 4, Cl, CO 3,NO 3, SO 4) 의함량을몰 (mol/l) 단위로대입하고 dissolved orgni ron (DOC) 의함량도대입되었다. 현장시험토양내카드뮴의농도변화와작물의카드뮴흡수특성을조사하기위해 26년 9월알타리무 (Rphnus stiv L.) 씨를파종하여 5일간재배를실시한후수량및식물체내카드뮴농도를조사하였다. 처리구 ( 각각 1 m 1 m, 1 m 2 ) 는완전임의배치법에따라설치하였으며, 인산제재인용과린과 K 2HPO 4 를 과 P 2O 5 kg/h으로시용하고유기물제재로축분퇴비를 과 3 Mg/h 시용하여 3반복으로실시하였다. 자세한처리구의내용은 Tle 3에나타내었다. 모든처리구에질소 (N 15 kg/h) 와가리 (K 2O 81 kg/h) 를동일한양으로처리하였다. 토양과식물체이화학적특성및카드뮴함량조사공시토양의이화학적분석방법은다음과같은방법으로수행하였다. 토양과물을 1:5 비율로침출후 ph meter (Orion 3 str, Thermo Eletron Corportion) 를이용하여측정하였으며, 유기물은 Tyurin 법을이용하여측정하였다 (RDA, 1988). 총질소함량은 Kjeldhl 증류법을이용하여측정하였으며 (Bremner, 1965), 치환성양이온 1 N NH 4OA (ph 7.) 로침출후 ICP-OES (indutively oupled plsm optil emission spetrophotometer Perkin Elmer Model OPTIMA 43DV, Shelton Connetiut USA) 를이용하여측정하였다. 유효인산의함량은 Lnster method (RDA, 1988) 를이용하여분석하였다. 유효태카드뮴 (NH 4OA extrtle Cd) 의함량은토양과용액의비를 1:5로하여 1 M NH 4OA로 1시간침출한후여과하여 ICP-OES로 Cd 모델링을위한토양용액내화학적특성조사알타리무의수확후토양내카드뮴화학종규명을위한모델링을실시하기위해코어샘플러 (5 m x 5 m) 를이용하여표층토를채취하였다. 채취된시료의토양용액 (pore wter) 는 15 분간 6, rpm으로원심분리하여분리되어진후.45 μm memrne filter 로여과되었다. 여과액은양이온 (Cd, C, K, Mg, N, P, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, NH 4) 과음이온 (PO 4, Cl, CO 3,NO 3, SO 4) 그리고 DOC의함량분석에이용되었다. 여과액중양이온은 ICP-OES 에의해측정되었으며, 음이온함량은이온크로마토그래피 (Ion Chromtogrph Dionex Corportion Model ICS-2 IC, USA) 에의해측정되었다. CO 3 의함량은적정법을이용하여측정하였다 (USSLS, 1954). NH 4 의함량은비색법으로측정되었으며 (Sprks, 1996), DOC의함량은 TOC 분석기 (Shimdzu Model TOC-VCPN, Jpn) 에의해분석되었다. 결과및고찰 식물체수량및카드뮴의흡수특성알타리무의재배기간동안가시적인독성현상은관찰되지않았다. 카드뮴은식물의생육을저해하거나가시적인독성을유발할수있다 (John et l., 1972; Khn nd Frnklnd, 1983). 그러나이러한독성현상은고농도의카드뮴에의해서유발된다. 축분퇴비및인산비료를시용한중금속오염지에서알타리무의수량은 Fig. 1과같다. 수확후알타리무의수량은처리간에유의한차이가없는것으로나타났다. 비록처리간유의한차이는없으나인산비료와축분퇴비의시용은

264 HONG et l. 9 NS 2. 1.8 Shoot 8 1.6 Fresh yield (Mg/h) 7 6 5 4 Control FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M Fig. 1. Response of fresh yield of rdish plnts y phosphte fertilizers nd mnure pplition t hrvest time. 무처리 (57.8 Mg/h) 에비해수량의증대를나타냈다. 축분퇴비의단독시용은인산비료를단독으로시용하였을때보다수량이다소낮은것으로나타났다. 인산비료와축분퇴비를혼합시용하였을때알타리무의수량은인산비료나축분퇴비를단독으로시용하였을때와비슷하거나다소높은것으로나타났다. 용과린과 K 2HPO 4 의시용에따른알타리무의카드뮴흡수특성은서로상반되는결과를나타내었다 (Fig. 2). 용과린의시용에의해알타리무지상부와지하부내카드뮴의함량은무처리에비해증가되어졌다. 반면, K 2HPO 4 의시용에의해알타리무내카드뮴의함량은유의하게감소되는결과를나타내었다. 알타리의지상부와지하부의카드뮴함량은 K 2HPO 4 의시용에의해무처리의 1.48과.87 mg/kg에서 1.23과.71 mg/kg로각각 16.9와 18.4% 씩감소되어졌다. 본연구팀의이전연구결과에서는현장시험에서용과린의시용량을 P 2O 5 kg/h까지증가시켰을때알타리무의지하부와지상부내카드뮴의함량이무처리의.39 mg/kg과 3.13 mg/kg에서 1.14 mg/kg과 3.13 mg/kg까지유의적으로증가되어지는결과를확인하였다 (Hong et l., 28). 그리고실내시험에서 K 2HPO 4 를 1,6 mg/kg까지시용하였을때토양내유효태카드뮴의함량이무처리의 1.48 mg/kg에서.47 mg/kg까지현저히감소되어지는것을확인하였다 (Hong et l., 21). 축분퇴비의시용은인산비료의시용에비해알타리무내카드뮴의함량은감소시키는효과가우수한것으로나타났다 (Fig. 2). 알타리의지상부와지하부의카드뮴함량은축분퇴비의시용에의해.76과.69 mg/kg로각각 48.6와 2.7% 씩감소되어졌다. 용과린과축분퇴비를혼용하였을때가용과린을단독처리하였을때보다알타리무내카드뮴의함량을감소시키는효과가보다우수한것으로나타났다. 모든처리구중알타리무내카드뮴의함량을감소시키는효과가가장우수한처리구는 K 2HPO 4 와축분퇴비를혼용하였을때였으며지상부와지하부의카드뮴함량은.73과.67 mg/kg로각각 5.7와 23.% 씩감소되어졌다. Cd onentrtion (mg/kg on dry se) 1.4 1.2 1..8.6 1.1 1..9.8.7.6 Con trol FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M Root Fig. 2. Chnges of Cd onentrtion in rdish plnt y phosphte fertilizers nd mnure pplition t hrvest time. 알타리무의지상부의카드뮴흡수농도는인산비료나축분퇴비의시용에상관없이지하부의카드뮴농도보다훨씬높은것으로나타났다. 무처리에서지상부와지하부의카드뮴농도는 1.48과.87 mg/kg으로지상부의카드뮴농도가약 1.7배높은것으로나타났다. 이러한결과는다른연구결과들과일치하는결과였다 (Binghm, 1979; Hong et l., 27; Hong et l., 28;). Soil ph (H 2 O, 1:5) Negtive hrge (mol /kg) 7.4 7.2 7. 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6. 5.8 1. 9.5 9. 8.5 8. 7.5 7. 6.5 6. d d d Control FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M Fig. 3. ph nd negtive hrge of soils mended with phosphte fertilizers nd mnure t hrvest time.

Effet of Phosphte Fertilizer nd Mnure in Reduing Cdmium Phytovilility in Rdish-grown Soil 265 토양내카드뮴함량및화학적특성 인산비료와축분퇴비의시용에따른토양내유효태카드뮴함량변화는알타리무내카드뮴함량변화와비슷한경향을나타내었다 (Fig. 3). 용과린과 K 2HPO 4 의처리에의한유효태카드뮴의함량은무처리의함량과통계적유의차를나타내지않았으나용과린의처리에의해토양내유효태함량은무처리에비해다소증가되는결과를나타내었고 K 2HPO 4 에의해감소되어지는결과를나타내었다. 이러한두인산제재의서로다른효과는각인산제재의화학적특성에서기인된것으로판단된다. 산성비료인용과린은 ph가 5.7이고비교적적은양의수용성인산 (27 P g/kg) 을함유하고있다. 반면알카리성비료인 K 2HPO 4 는 ph가 9.5이고수용성인산함량 (63 P g/kg) 을상대적으로많이함유하고있다 (Hong et l., 21). Fig. 4에서나타난바와같이용과린의시용에의해토양의 ph와음하전도는감소되어지는결과를나타내었으나 K 2HPO 4 의시용에의해토양의 ph와음하전도는증가되어지는결과를나타내었다. 일반적으로토양의 ph가감소하게되면토양의음하전도가감소되어카드뮴이온의흡착은감소하게된다. 결과적으로토양의 ph와음하전도의변화에따라토양내유효태카드뮴의함량은변하게된다 (Boln et l., 1999). 인산비료와축분퇴비를혼용하였을때유효태카드뮴의함량은현저히감소되었으며, K 2HPO 4 와축분퇴비를혼용하였을때유효태카드뮴을감소시키는효과가가장우수한것으로나타났다. 또한유기물을시용하였을때토양의 ph와음하전도는유의적으로증가하였으며 K 2HPO 4 와축분퇴비를혼용하였을때토양의 ph와음하전도를증가시키는효과가가장우수한것으로나타났다 (Fig. 4). 위와같은결과를통해볼때인산을이용하여토양내카드뮴을부동화하기위해서는 K 2HPO 4 와같이토양의 ph를개선시킬수있는알카리성인산제재를사용하는것이효과가우수할것으로판단되며용과린과같은산성인산제재를사용하더라도축분퇴비와혼용하면카드뮴을부동화할수있을것으로확인되었다. Tle 4. Soluility produts of dmium minerls Minerls Equilirium retion Log K sp Cdmium Cd 3(PO 4) 2 3Cd 2+ 3- + 2PO 4-32.6 phosphte CdHPO 4 CdHPO 4 Cd 2+ 2- -3.2 + HPO 4 Otvite CdCO 3 Cd 2+ 2- -12.1 + CO 3 Cd(OH) 2 Cd(OH) 2 Cd 2+ + 2OH - -14.7 카드뮴의부동화인산의시용에의해카드뮴은토양내침전반응을통해카드뮴- 인산침전물 (Cd-phosphte preipittes) 을형성하여부동화되어질수있다. 토양내화학반응예측모델인 Visul MINTEQ에의해조사된카드뮴화합물 (Cd minerls) 의반응식은 Tle 4에나타내었다. 용과린과 K 2HPO 4 의시용에따른토양용액내카드뮴의농도는 CdCO 3, Cd 3(PO 4) 2, Cd(OH) 2, CdHPO 4 에대하여불포화상태로존재하고있었다 (Fig. 5). 이러한결과를통해볼때인산제재의처리에의해 Cd-phosphte preipittes 의형성을통한카드뮴의부동화기작은발생하지않은것으로판단된다. 알카리성토양의조건에서 Cd-phosphte preipittes와 Otvite (CdCO 3) 의형성반응은더잘일어나게된다 (Lindsy, 1979). 유기물과인산의혼용을통해증가된토양의 ph조건에서카드뮴의침전반응이잘일어날것으로예상되나본연구결과에서용과린이나 K 2HPO 4 를축분퇴비와혼용하여도모든카드뮴화합물에대하여토양내카드뮴의농도는불포화되어있는것으로나타났다 (Fig. 5). 즉, 인산과유기물의혼용처리에의해서도카드뮴과인산의침전반응에의한카드뮴의부동화기작은발견되지않았다. 16 14 12 Cd(OH) 2 CdHPO 4 Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 NH4OA extrtle Cd (mg/kg) 2. 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 logcd 2+ + 2pH 1 8 6 4 Control FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M CdCO 3 2-16 -14-12 -1-8 logh 2 PO 4 - -ph Fig. 5. Cdmium soluility digrm with soil solution speition y phosphte fertilizers nd mnure pplition. 1. Control FSP DPP M FSP+M DPP+M Fig. 4. NH 4OA extrtle Cd onentrtion in soils mended with phosphte fertilizers nd mnure t hrvest time.

266 HONG et l. Tle 5. Correltion oeffiient etween Cd onentrtion in rdish nd soil properties Cd in rdish shoot NH 4OA extrtle Cd Negtive Soil ph hrge.95 *** -.938 *** -.863 *** Cd in rdish root.833 *** -.777 *** -.655 ** NH 4OA extrtle Cd -.912 *** -.865 *** Soil ph.873 *** ** nd *** denote signifine t 99% nd 99.9% level, respetively. 인산과유기물에의한토양내유효태카드뮴의농도변화는토양의 ph와음하전도의변화와밀접한관련이있는것으로판단되어진다. Tle 5에서나타난바와같이 NH 4OA extrtle Cd와토양 ph와음하전도는고도로유의한부의상관관계를나타내었다. 또한알타리무의지상부와지하부내의카드뮴흡수농도와 NH 4OA extrtle Cd의함량은고도의정의상관관계를나타내어토양내유효태카드뮴의함량과알타리내카드뮴흡수농도와의관계가상당히밀접한것으로나타났다. 결과적으로인산과유기물의시용에의한알타리무내카드뮴흡수저감은토양의 ph와음하전도의증대에기인한것으로판단된다. 이상의결과를바탕으로볼때인산과유기물의시용에의한카드뮴의부동화는카드뮴과인산의침전반응에의한것이라기보다는 ph와음하전도의증대에기인된카드뮴이온의흡착에의한것으로판단된다. 요약 인산에의한카드뮴의식물저감효과를증진시키기위해서로다른특성의두인산제재인용과린과 K 2HPO 4 를선정하여축분퇴비와혼용하여처리한후알타리무내카드뮴흡수특성과토양내카드뮴의특성을조사하였다. K 2HPO 4 는토양의 ph와음하전도를증대시켜토양내유효태카드뮴함량과알타리무내카드뮴흡수농도를저감시키는효과를나타내었다. 반면용과린은토양의 ph와음하전도를감소시켜유효태카드뮴함량과알타리무내카드뮴함량을증가시키는효과를나타내었다. 축분퇴비와인산비료와의혼용은인산제재의특성에관계없이인산비료를단독으로시용하였을때보다알타리무내카드뮴흡수농도와토양내유효태카드뮴함량을감소시키는효과가훨씬우수한것으로나타났다. 인산비료나축분퇴비의시용에의해토양내인산과카드뮴의침전반응에의한난용성의카드뮴화합물의형성은나타나지않았다. 토양의 ph와음하전도는토양내유효태카드뮴의함량과알타리무내카드뮴의함량과고도로유의한부의상관관계를나타내었다. 본연구의결과를통하여인산비료와축분퇴비에의한카드뮴의부동화는인산과카드뮴의직접적인침전반응에의한것이라기보다는토양의 ph와음하전도 의증대에기인된카드뮴의흡착증대에의한것으로판단되어진다. 감사의글 This work ws supported y the Kore Reserh Foundtion Grnt funded y the Koren Government (KRF-28-357-F7). Sng Yoon Kim ws supported y sholrships from the BK21 progrm of Ministry of Edution nd Humn Resoures Development, Kore. 참고문헌 Adrino, D.C., Woodford, T.A., Cirvolo, T.G., 19. Growth nd elementl omposition of orn nd en seedlings s influened y soil pplition of ol sh. J. Environ. Qul. 7, 416-421. Adrino, D.C., Pgem A.L,, Elseewim A.A., Chng, A, C., Strughn, I., 198. Utiliztion nd disposl of fly sh nd other ol residues in terrestril eosystem. J. Environ. Qul. 9, 333-334. Adrino, D.C., 21. Tre elements in terrestril environments; iogeohemistry, iovilility nd risks of metls, 2nd edn. Springer, New York Allison, L. E., 1965. Orgni ron. In methods of soil nlysis. Prt Ⅱ, Ed. C.A. Blk, p.1367-1376, Am. So. Agron. In. Pul., Mdison, WI Bst, N. T., Grdwohl, R., Snethen, K.L., Shroder, J.L., 21. Chemil immoilistion of led, zin nd dmium in smelter ontminted soils using iosolids nd rok phosphte. J. Environ. Qul. 3, 1222-123. Binghm, F.T., 1979. Biovilility of Cd to food rops in reltion to hevy metl ontents of sludge-mended soil. Environ. Helth. Persp. 28, 39-43. Boln, N.S., Nidu, R., Khn, M.A.R., Tillmn, R.W., Syers, J.K., 1999. The effets of nion sorption on sorption nd lehing of dmium. Aust. J. Soil Res. 37, 445-46. Boln, N.S., Adrino, D.C., Durismy, P., Mni, A., 23. Immoiliztion nd phytovilility of dmium in vrile hrge soils. III. Effet of iosolid ompost ddition. Plnt Soil. 256, 231-241. Bremner, J.M., 1965. Totl nitrogen. In Methods of Soil Anlysis. Prt Ⅱ, Ed. C.A. Blk, p.1149-11, Am. So. Agron. In. Pul., Mdison,WI Co, R.L., Huo, W.R., He, Z.L., Hu, A.T., Deng, B.E., 1993. Study on ontrolling dmium pollution in pddy soil in Luo Quio township, Dyie Conty.

Effet of Phosphte Fertilizer nd Mnure in Reduing Cdmium Phytovilility in Rdish-grown Soil 267 Chin Environ. Si. 433-439. Chen, X., Wright, J.V., Con, J.L., Peurrung, L.M., 1997. Evlution of hevy metl remedition using minerl ptite. Wter Air Soil Pollut. 98, 57-. Hong, C.O., Lee, D.K., Chung, D.Y., Kim, P.J., 27. Liming effets on dmium stiliztion in uplnd soil ffeted y gold mining tivity. Arh. Environ. Con. Tox. 52, 496-52. Hong, C.O., Lee, D.K., Kim, P.J., 28. Fesiility of Phosphte Fertilizer to immoilize Cdmium in Field. Chemosphere 7, 29-215. Hong, C.O., Chung, D.Y., Lee, D.K., Kim, P.J., 21. Comprison of Phosphte Mterils for Immoilizing Cdmium in Soil. Arh. Environ. Contm. Toxiol. 58, 268-274. John, M.K., VnLerhoven, C.J., Chuh, H.H., 1972. Ftors ffeting plnt uptke nd phytotoxiity of dmium dded to soils. Environ. Si. Tehnol. 6, 15-19. Jurink, J.J., Sntillin-Medrno, J., 1974. The hemistry nd trnsport of led nd dmium in soils. Rep. 18. Uth Agri. Exp. Stn., Logn. Khn, D.H., Frnklnd, B., 1983. Effets of dmium nd led on rdish plnts with prtiulr referene to movement of metls through soil profile nd plnt. Plnt Soil 7, 335-345. Kres, R., Gupt, S.K., Furrer, G., Shulin, R., 1998. Soluility nd plnt uptke of metls with nd without liming of sludgemended soils. J. Environ. Qul. 27, 18-23. Levi-Minzi, R., Petruzzelli, G., 1984. The influene of phosphte fertilizers on Cd soluility in soil. Wter Air Soil Pollut. 23, 423-429. Lindsy, W.L., 1979. Chemil Equiliri in Soils. jhn Wiley & Sons, In. MGowen, S.L., Bst, N.T., Brown, G.O., 21. Use of dimmonium phosphte to redue hevy metl soluility nd trnsport in smelter-ontminted soil. J. Environ. Qul. 3, 493-5. Merrington, G., Mdden, C., 2. Chnges in dmium nd zin phytovilility in griulturl soil fter mendment with ppermill sludge nd iosolid. Commun. Soil Si. Plnt Anl 31, 759-776. Nidu, R., Boln, N.S., Kookn, R.S., Tiller, K.G., 1994. Ionistrength nd ph effets on the dsorption of dmium nd the surfe hrge of soils. Eur. J. Soil Si. 45, 419-429. Pge, A.L., Elseewi, A.A., Strughn, I.R., 1979. Physil nd hemil properties of fly sh from ol-fired power plnts with referene to environmentl impts. Residue Rev. 71, 83-12. Pierzynski, G.M., Shw, A.P., 1993. Biovilility of zin, dmium nd led in metl ontminted lluvil soil. J. Environ. Qul. 22, 247-254. Semn, J.C., Arey, J.S., Bertsh, P.M., 21. Immoiliztion of nikel nd other metls in ontminted sediments y hydroxyptite ddition. J. Environ. Qul. 3, 46-469. Sprks, D.L., 1996. Methods of soil nlysis Prt 3 Chemil methods. Soil Siene Soiety of Ameri, In. Amerin Soiety of Agronomy, In. p.1146-1155. Tkijim, Y., Ktsumi, F., 1973. Cdmium ontmintion of soils nd rie plnts used y zin mining IV. Use of soil mendment mterils for the ontrol of Cd uptke y plnts. Soil Si. Plnt Nutr. 19, 235-244. United Sttes Slinity Lortory Stff., 1954. Dignosis nd Improvement of Sline nd Alkli Soils. U. S. Dept. Agr. Hndook 6. Wu, Y.Y,. Chen, T., Kong, Q.X., Tn, F., Zhng, S.C., 1984. Cdmium ontmintion of Zhngshi irrigtion re nd wys of improving. At Si Cir. 4, 275-283.