1 2009,...,,.,,,,,,. ( ),. (,,,, ),,,.. 2011 12
3 1 9 1 25 1 25 2 25 3 26 1. 26 2. 26 3. 26 4. 26 2 27 1 27 1. 27 2. 28 2 30 1. 30 2. 30 3. 2010 31 3 34 1. 34 2. 40
4 3 43 1 43 2 44 1. 44 2. 48 3. 53 3 63 1. 63 2. 64 4 71 1 71 1. 71 2. ( 26 2 ) 71 3. 72 4. 73 2 74 1. 74 2. 75 5 87 91 113
5 2 1 27 2 2 2010 31 2 3 2010 32 2 4 36 2 5 38 3 1 ( ) 47 3 2 /TV 48 3 3 49 3 4 50 3 5 51 3 6 55 3 7 1 vs 56 3 8 1 vs 56 3 9 2 57 3 10 2010 58 3 11 2011 60 3 12 2010 60 3 13 61 3 14 1 61 3 15 1 61 3 16 61
6 3 17 63 4 1 73 4 2 (Axel Springer ) 74 4 3 TV 84
7 2 1 PP 33 2 2 MPP 33 2 3 vs 34 2 4 3 ( ) I 35 2 5 / 35 2 6 36 2 7 MPP 37 2 8 MPP MPP 39 2 9 40 2 10 41 2 11 42 3 1 46 3 2 54 4 1 AGF 85 4 2 AGF 86 4 3 86
9 1 2009, 1., 2. 1,, 2. 3.,,. 4, 5. 2 69 2 227 ( ) 337. 16 / 25,600 (2010. 8. 27 9. 18),. 3,554 (2010
10 12 ), 2010 10 1 12 31. 2010,. (1), (2), (3) /, (4)., (100% ), /., 100% /. 2010, 69 2 1 30% (KBS 36.204%, ). 10 84.366% ( 1 ). 1 2010 KBS (KBS1TV 2TV KBS KBS ) 36.204% PP MBC (MBCTV MBC MBC ) 17.784% PP SBS (SBSTV SBS SBS ESPN ) 13.143% PP ( ) 10.148% PP CJ (tvn ocn SO ) 9.718% PP SO (Q J ) 8.584% PP (MBN) ) 3.188% PP (e SO ) C&M ( SO ) 3.076% PP SO 2.078% PP SO KNN( ) 1.966%
11, 64.910%, 35.090% ( 2 ), PP(11.132%) 76.042%. 2 2010 PP + PP KBS 32.485% 3.718% 36.203% MBC 13.871% 3.912% 17.783% SBS 9.708% 3.435% 13.143% 7.461% 0.001% 7.462% EBS 1.385% 0.066% 1.451% 64.910% 11.132% 76.042% PP, (8.690%), (6.795%), (3.844%), (3.115%), (2.625%), (2.152%), (1.350%), (1.123%), MPP CJ (8.929%), MBC (3.912%), KBS (3.718%), SBS (3.435%), (2.779%), C&M (2.066%), YTN (1.663%). 3 1 1. ( ).
12,,., ( ),., KOBACO,.,,,,.,,.,,.,. KOBACO,. 2.,, RDD. ( )
13,,,.,., 2,., (, ) (, ),.,,,,,., 2010 1,,.,,., (pre-test).,,,., 1.
14 2,, /,, (100% ), /. 100%, /.,. 8 ( ),, (Ownership) (, Control)., / (Control) (Own). 69 2 2,., SBS. SBS, SBS, SBS., SBS, SBS., SBS,.
15,. 1), 2), 3),.,,.,.. 1%, 1%. 1%, 1%. 1%., 0. 0(, 3 2 ). 0., 0
16.,, 30%,, 30%.,. 4 (Commercial Broadcaster) ( ), 30%. 26 2, (Unternehmen) (Attributable to an undertaking) 30%, (Media-relevant related market) 25%, 30%. (KEK), GfK Fernsehforschung. KEK 3, ( 26 6 ), ( 26 7 ).
17 KEK 3,. 2/3, 26 % 1/2., 1/2, ( ), 1/7 1/10. (KEK), KEK,,., KEK,,.,,.,,, ( TV ).. ( 30% ),
18 25% 30%,.,.,,., KEK SNS (SNS), KEK (Publisher),,.., 90%.,,.,, 10%,,. (KEK) KEK,,,., KEK
19,, 10% 3., KEK (,,, )., 26 4,, 3,.,,.,,.,,,., (Torsten Giebel), KEK, TV,., 14 (2010 7 ). DLM( ), ZAK( ), 2013, KEK KJM( ).,.,,., TV, TV,,,, /. 4000 Web-TV
20, 30., 500, Web-TV.,,.,. AGF(Arbeits Gemeinshaft Fernseforschung). AGF ARD ZDF, RTL ProSiebenSat.1,, GfK. AGF 1988 (ARD, ZDF) (RTL, P7S1 ). AGF,,. AGF 1,700 ( 250 ),., 10-100, 50. 2000 1 1 TV (AGF) 4 26, AGF 2000 7. 4 90%, 95%. 5, 69 2 1
21 30%, 10 ( ) HHI 2,100,. HHI 800 KBS,.,..,..,. KOBACO, KOBACO., RDD,, 2,.,,., 1,
22,.,,., (pre-test),.,.,., / (Control) (Own),., SBS, SBS, SBS.,,,.,, 1%, 1%, 1%
23., 0,, 0.,,.,., ( ).,,.,,.,..,,,.,., TV,., SNS., IT,., SNS, TV.
24, (Linear) (Non-linear) (Directive),.
1 25 1 1 2009, 1, ( ), 2 2,, 1,, 2 3.,, 4
26, 5 3 1. : (,, ), ( ), ( ) 2. 3.,, 4.
2 27 2 1 1) 1., 2009 7 31 2 1 1 (10 ) 30% 40% 10% 10% PP 30% 40% 30% 30% 20% PP 30% 40% 30% 30% 10% 33% 49% 49% 49% 33% 49% 49% 33% 49%, 2) 1), 2010 ( 10-53) 4 : 2),
28 2. 69 2 3 1 2. (. )., ( ). 2 9, 15 2, 17. 1,,... ( ) 100 30 ( ) : ( ),
2 29 ( ) ( ), ( ),, ( ) PP ( ),, ( ) :,. 2009. 7. 31. ( 9786, ) 2009. 11. 1. 2010. 1. 26. ( 22002, ) 2010. 3. 31. 2010. 4. 6. ( )
30 2 1. ( ) 69 2 227 ( ) 337 ( ) 16 / 25,600 (2010. 8. 27 9. 18) : TV TV, TV : 3,554 (2010 12 ) ( ) 2010. 10. 1 12. 31( ) 2. ( ) 2010, ( ) (1), (2), (3) /, (4) ( ) (100% ), /, 100%, /
2 31 3. 2010 3). 2010, 69 2 1 30% (KBS 36.204%). KBS 36.204%, MBC 17.784%, SBS 13.143%, 10.148%, CJ 9.718% 10 84.366% 2 2 2010 KBS (KBS1TV 2TV KBS KBS ) MBC (MBCTV MBC MBC ) 36.204% PP 17.784% PP SBS (SBSTV SBS SBS ESPN ) 13.143% PP ( ) 10.148% PP CJ (tvn ocn SO ) 9.718% PP SO (Q J ) 8.584% PP (MBN) ) 3.188% PP (e SO ) C&M ( SO ) 3.076% PP SO 2.078% PP SO KNN( ) 1.966% 3) 2010 (2011. 7. 22)
32., 64.910%, 35.090% PP(11.132%) 76.042% (2010 ): 156 2 3 2010 PP + PP KBS 32.485% 3.718% 36.203% MBC 13.871% 3.912% 17.783% SBS 9.708% 3.435% 13.143% 7.461% 0.001% 7.462% EBS 1.385% 0.066% 1.451% 64.910% 11.132% 76.042%. PP PP (8.690%), (6.795%), (3.844%), (3.115%), (2.625%), (2.152%), (1.350%), (1.123%)
2 33 2 1 PP 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8.690% 6.795% 3.844% 3.115% 2.625% 2.152% 1.350% 1.123% 오락드라마영화어린이 만화보도스포츠교양홈쇼핑 : PP MPP CJ (8.929%), MBC (3.912%), KBS (3.718%), SBS (3.435%), (2.779%), C&M (2.066%), YTN (1.663%) 2 2 MPP 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8.929% 3.912% 3.718% 3.435% 2.779% CJ MBC KBS SBS 티브로드 2.066% 1.663% C&M YTN
34 3 1.. vs 64.9%, ( 35.1%) 2 2 3 vs ( : %) 70 64.909 60 50 40 35.086 30 20 10 0 : KBS, MBC, SBS EBS, OBS,,. AGB 154. 1) 3 ( ) I 3 KBS1 15.9%, KBS2 16.6%, MBC 13.9%, SBS 17.0% 15%, KBS1 KBS2, KBS 32.5% MBC, SBS
2 35 2 4 3 ( ) I ( : %) 35 32.484 30 25 20 15 15.889 16.595 13.871 16.95 10 5 0 KBS KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS : 1. KBS1 KBS2 19, MBC 20, SBS 10 2. KBS KBS1 KBS2 2) / 2% 4%, 0% 2% 2 5 / ( : %)
36. AGB 154 1) 7.6%, 4.8%, 4.3%, 3.3%,, 2.6%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 6 ( : %) 7.638 4.825 4.264 3.3 2.625 2.282 1.123 드라마 오락 영화 스포츠 보도 만화 홈쇼핑, 2010 2009 2 4 (12) (13) SBS, SBS E!TV, KBS Drama, FX, FOX, FOXlife, OCN, TVB KOREA, MBC, CHING, Asia N, Sky HD, HD ONE, SkyEN, E, QTV, Dramax, TvN, Story on,, MBC every1, CMC TV, HOME, SKY plus
2 37 (18) (12) (2) (7) (5) Screen,, Mplex, OCN, CGV, Super Action, XTM, Catch On, Catch On plus, TheVeryTV, CNTV, CGV+, MGM, ABO, Indie Film, TV, TV, KCN SBS ESPN, SBS, KBS JOY, KBS N SPORTS, J, MBC SPORTS+, SPOTV, I-GOLF,, FSports, STAR Sports, TV YTN, MBN Animax, Cartoon Network, Tooniverse, Champ, AniBOX,, CJ,,, GS SHOP 2) MPP MPP 8.9% 1, MBC, KBS, SBS 3 MPP 3.9%, 3.7%, 3.4% 2,,,, MPP 2 7 MPP ( : %) 10 9 8.899 8 7 6 5 4 3.912 3.718 3.435 3 2 1 2.676 2.066 1.663 1.031 0.914 0
38 2 5 PP SBS CH. CGV, TVN, XTM,, CH. CGV DMB, tvn DMB,, CGV Plus 8 OZIC (30 ) 30 National Geographic Channel 1 1 m.net 1 KM 1 1 TV 1 TV(NetmarbleTV) 1 (DP) OCN, SUPERACTION, CatchOn, Catch On Demand, On Style,, OCN series 7 1 Ongamenet 1 TV 1 ON PPV, ON Demand,ON Demand Family 3 MBC, MBC Every1, MBC 3 MBC MBC-ESPN 1 MBCESS MBC NET, DMB- 1 MBC SBS,, 3 SBS SBS GOLF 1 SBS SBS SPORTS 1 SBS E!Entertainment Television 1 SBS SBS CNBC 1 SBS SBSi, 2 SBS (DP)
2 39 PP KBS Drama, KBS N Sports, 4 KBS Prime, KBS Joy U-KBS HEART 1 QTV 1 ( ) J Golf 1 1 FOX, FOXlife, FX 3,, 3 e 1 YTN, SCIENCE TV 2 MBN, MBN 2,, TV 3 :, 2011. MPP MPP MBC, KBS, SBS MPP 11.1%, MPP 17.2% 2 8 MPP MPP ( : %) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 11.065 지상파 MPP 17.249 일반 MPP : MPP,,,,, 6
40 2.. 1%, MBC,, 74,644,522, 72,014,936, 63,486,404 1, KBS MPP,, 27,078,306, 19,871,311, 17,591,929 2 9 ( : /%) 80,000,000 70,000,000 74,644,622 72,014,936 63,486,404 60,000,000 50,000,000 45,566,646 46,166,507 48,393,846 39,806,529 40,000,000 39,114,850 36,483,205 30,000,000 27,078,306 20,000,000 19,871,311 17,591,929 10,000,000 - : 1) ( / )= 1% 2) :, 2009. 100 1%, KBS MPP,, 100 5.381%, 48.034%, 4.559%
2 41 2 10 ( : %/100 ) 60.000 50.000 48.034 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0.000 0.781 0.431 0.532 5.381 1.047 1.188 0.635 4.559 1.561 1.471 2.053 : 1) ( / ) 10,000= 100 2) :, 2009. 1,000 (85.126%,) MBC MPP(62.655%) KBS, MBC, SBS 9.737%, 4.864%, 11.265%
42 2 11 ( : %/1,000 ) 90.000 85.126 80.000 70.000 60.000 62.655 50.000 43.816 40.000 30.000 37.669 32.890 31.879 20.000 10.000 9.737 4.864 11.264 15.852 3.613 8.502 0.000 : 1) ( / ) 100,000 = 1,000 2) :, 2009
3 43 3 1, ( 10 ),, 5 ( 11 ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ),, SBS 0 (, ),
44 ( ) 2 1.. 69 2 2, 69 2( ) 2 ( ) ( ) 4). 69 2 2 (Exchange rate) ( ), (,, ) 4) 3 3 ( 4 4 )
3 45, 74 (2003. 12. 18, 2002 49 ) ( ). ( ),,. (, 2009. 7. 22, ) ( ),. : 5) / (two-sided market), / 5) 2010, pp.107 108
46 3 1 : (2010), p.107 6), / / / 7) 8) 6) (three-sided market) 7).,. 8), TV (predatory price).,
3 47. ( ),, (, ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,, 3 1 ( ) (A): ( ) (, ) /,, ( ) ( ) : (2010), p.126 ( ).
48,,,, ( ),,, 2.. /TV 3 2 /TV 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 4 TV 23,671 22,350 21,492 21,839 21,076 18,997 16,709 19,307 2,751 2,653 2,683 2,799 2,807 2,769 2,231 2,565 (A) 26,422 25,003 24,175 24,638 23,883 21,766 18,940 21,872 18,900 17,436 16,724 17,013 17,801 16,581 15,007 16,438 5,006 4,256 4,368 4,591 4,841 4,804 4,388 4,889 (B) 23,906 21,692 21,092 21,604 22,642 21,385 19,395 21,327 4 (A+B) 50,328 46,695 45,267 46,242 46,524 43,151 38,335 43,199 7,283 7,028 7,358 7,737 6,793 6,395 6,248 7,494 4, 6,582 6,722 7,315 7,711 7,873 7,663 7,368 8,061 (a) 2,975 3,999 4,868 6,721 8,297 8,600 7,794 9,649 2,700 3,927 5,669 7,790 10,200 11,900 12,430 15,470 (b) 31 62 120 120 95 95 153 TDMB(A1) 19 88 114 176 271 IPTV(c) 53 114 205 5,675 7,957 10,599 14,650 18,706 20,762 20,609 25,748
3 49 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 69,868 68,401 70,539 76,339 79,897 77,971 72,560 84,502 (a + b + c) (A+a+b+c+A1) :, 2,975 4,030 4,930 6,841 8,417 8,748 8,003 10,007 29,397 29,033 29,105 31,498 32,388 30,628 27,119 32,150 TV 16% (2008 ), 10% (2008 ). (2010 ) 3 3 ( ) ( ) 22,162 9,041 (SO) 1,112 2,916 (PP) 9,862 713 DMB 45 1,614 DMB 77 158 156 257 33,414 KOBACO 2,565 30,849 14,699 1 0.47 :,. ( ) ( ) 98 2,
50 ( ) ( ),,,.,.,,,,,, 9), 3 4 ( ) (2005. 8. 18) ( ) ( ),,,,,, 9) / ( ), ( ) ( )
3 51 1 1 (2010 ) 9,328 1 5,007 3 5 ( ) ( ) 2000 KADD 10),,,,, (Big 5:,,,, ) 11) (,, ), ( ), KADD ( ) /, 20. ( ), 12), 10) KADD : 4 (TV, RADIO,, ),,, 11) 5 1,000, 80 12) (,, )
52 ( ),, ( ),,,,., KOBACO( ).,. KOBACO, (1,000 3 400 ), KOBACO,,, 15%, /,., 15%,, 2010 1 1,000, 0.36,
3 53 3.. ( ),,,,,, RDD ( ) ( ),,, : 1 ( ): ( ) :. 1) (, ) 10% 10% (Barnett, 1988) (,, )
54 ( 10% ). 5 10 1 8 W., 3 2 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
3 55, 2, ( ) (,, ), (, ) (, ), 2010, (52 ) 12.96, ±0.5 11 13 (3 ), 21, 23 25 (5 6 ), 27, 29 36 (7 8 ), 47 48 (11 ), 50, 52 ( ),,,, 2), 3 6 2010 2011.. ( 1 ). ( 2 ).
56,,,, : vs 1 2010 1, 3 7 1 vs 1 ( ). ( 1 ) (, ) (, ), 1 5% 3 8 1 vs 1 (A) TV/ (B) TV/ (A-B) TV 98.5 1 93.5 1 5 / 73.9 63.6 10.3 56 0.57 48.1 0.51 7.9 40.6 32.2 8.4,,,
3 57,, 3 9 2 2010 1.. 1? ( 1 ) 2010 2011 ( 2 ) 1..? ( 1 ), ( ), 2010 1 3) (pre-test),,,, 1
58. ( ) 2010,, ( ) 2010 (RDD Kish Grid ),,,, 3 10 2010,, RDD ( ), 2011 9 10 (,, ) 2010 (7. 23 8. 15),
3 59 ( ), 2 ( ), 2011, 1,, ( ),.,,., 1,,. (2011. 10) ( ) ( ) 2011. 9. 28.( ) 10. 30.( ) 13)
60 ( ) 2,358 (16, RDD kish grid ) ( ), ( ) ±2.02%p(95% ) ( ), 3 11 2011 (2011 ) TV, TV TV(1) 83.5% 48.2% 1 0.58 51.89 18.41 1 0.35 62.59% 23.81% 1 0.38 1 0.44 2010,, 3 12 2010 (2010 ) TV TV, 84.8% 49.5% 1 0.58 51.35 18.98 1 0.37 60.55% 25.55% 1 0.42 1 0.46 13) : 22, 5
3 61 ) (1) 1 : 48.2% 3 13 (n=1,137) 38.22 (n=2,358) 18.41 ) TV (1) 1 : 151.39 * 3.6%. TV : 96.4% (2) 1 3 14 1 (n=2,273) 86.6% (n=2,358) 83.5% (3) 1 3 15 1 (n=1,969) 62.13 (n=2,358) 51.89 ) 3 16 TV 15.0% (14.986%) 53.8% (53.766%) 17.6% (17.650%) 13.6% (13.598%)
62. 1) RDD 40% RDD RDD 2) KISH GRID, 3) / / 12 4) 9 28 10 30 5 1 5
3 63 3 1. ( ),, /, ( ) (100% ), /, 100%, / 3 17 69 2( ),. 52 3( ) 69 2 3. 1. : 2. : 3. : 4. ( ). :. : 2010-23 ( ) 11 ( ) 52 3 2. 52 3 2 4 ( ).
64 2.. ( ) 52 3 4 11 2, 14) (1) ( / ) (2) ( + ) (3) (, + ),,,, ( ).,, 8 ( ).,, (Own) (, Control), / (Control) 14), 4 (5% ),
3 65 (Own) 15) 69 2 2,,, ( ), 47 C.F.R 73.3555 Paragraph (d)(1) 16) 17) / (Own), (Operate), (Control) AM, FM, TV 18) 10% / (Own) 19), 17 C.F.R. 240.12b-2 (Definitions), / /, 20) (Control) 21) 15), 8,, ( ) 16) (d) Daily newspaper cross-ownership rule. (1) No license for an AM, FM or TV broadcast station shall be granted to any party (including all parties under common control) if such party directly or indirectly owns, operates or controls a daily newspaper 17) Newspapers: 1) 4, 2) TV DMA, 3) (Dominant language), 4) 5% (Circulation ) 18) Paragraph (d)(2): 310(d) (PICON),. 10% (AM, FM, TV) ( ) 19) 1934 3 (47 U.S.C. 153)
66, 1986 ( 41-3 2 ) (holder) (Controle) ( / ) (Code de commerce) L.233-3 (1966 7 24 355-1 ) (Control): 1) /, 2), 3), ( ) 40% / (40% ),, 1 6 15% (Control)., 3 50%,. Influence: / 10%, 10% 20) The term control (including the terms controlling, controlled by and under common control with) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise. 21) 1934 274 (SEC. 274. 47 U.S.C. 274 ELECTRONIC PUBLI- SHING BY BELL OPERATING COMPANIES. (i) ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS. --As used in this section (4) The term ''control'' has the meaning that it has in 17 C.F.R. 240.12b-2, the regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) or any successor provision to such section.), 50% (De jure control), 10%. (Jezarion v. Caspo, Fed. Sec. L. Rep (1973))
3 67 8 ( ) (...) 100 20., (...).,,, (...). (...),,. (...). 6 9. 2 10. 2 10 6.. SBS ( ) SBS, SBS, SBS ( ), SBS, SBS, SBS,
68. ( ) 1), 2), 3),, SBS ( ) SBS PP SBS, SBS ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,. ( ) ( ) 1%. 1%
3 69 1% 1% 1% ( ) 5% 22). 0 ( ) 0(, 3 2 ), 0 22) 9 ( ). 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. ( ). 100 10 ( ),. ( ) 12 2 6 : (, ) 147 ( ) ( 100 5 ) (...) ( ) (...) (, ).
70 ( ), 0 ( ). ( 30% ), 30% ( ),
4 71 4 1 23) 1. 1991 ( ), 1997 3 (Commercial Broadcaster) ( ), 30% 2. ( 26 2 ) (Unternehmen) (Attributable to an undertaking) 24) 25) 30% 23) 2010 (, ) 2 2 (pp.47 54) 24) ( ) 25% (, ) ( 28 ) 25) (Audience Share) (House Using Television: HUT) /, / (Audience Rating)
72 (Media-relevant related market) 26) 25% 30% (2002 6, 7 / 8 ): (Regionalfenster), 2%, 3, 3% 26 3 30%, 3. (KEK), GfK Fernsehforschung 27) KEK 3 26), (KEK), (Audience Market:,, TV,,,, ), / ( / / /, TV TV, ), TV 27) 1984, GfK Aktiengesellschaft(1935 ), 2009 5,640.
4 73, ( 26 6 ), ( 26 7 ), 3 ( 27 ), 12 ( ) 4. KEK 3 KEK 4 1 (Suggestivkraft):,., (Breitenwirkung):.,, (Aktualitaet): 1 2/3, 1/2, ( ) 1/7, 1/10
74 4 2 (Axel Springer ) ( 26%) 2/3 17% (TV ) TV ( 28%) 1/7 4% (TV ) ( 8.16%) 1/10 1% (TV ) ( 4.5%) 2/3 3% (TV ) 2 1.. (,, ),.,, ( ) 2011 7 10 ( ) 7 15 ( ) ( ) ( ) 7 : (KISDI ), (, ), (, ), (, ), ( 3, ), ( )
4 75. (KEK ) (KEK) KEK ( ) ( ) ( ),,, 2.. (KEK) (KEK) 1997 3 (RfStV) TV (RfStV), KEK 6 : Kommission zur Ermittlung der Konzentration im Medienbereich(KEK), Helene-Lange-Straße 18 a, 14469 Potsdam, +49(331) 2 00 63 60 ( ),,
76, KEK,,,,,, (, ) (, TV ),, ( TV ) (Facebook ), ( ), OTT( ) KEK KEK (, KEK ),, KEK, KEK, KEK
4 77 독일미디어집중조사위원회 (KEK) 위원구성 Insa Sjurts, 1963 (1994) (2000) ( ) KEK (2002 2004) KEK (2004 ) Hans-Dieter Lübbert(1945, ) Dieter Dörr(1952, ) K. Peter Mailänder(1936, ) Ralf Müller-Terpitz(1967, ) Jürgen Schwarz(1961, )
78. ( ), 1950 NWDR, (,, ),,, 40 : Heimhuder Straße 21, 20148 Hamburg, (+49 40) 450 217-0 (Wolfgang Schulz) (1997) (2000 ) (2001 ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( 30% ), 25%
4 79 30%,, ( /, / ) ( / ), 2 ( ) KEK (SNS) KEK (Publisher),.
80 90%., 10%. 10% KEK,,,, 3. (KEK) ( ), ( ) KEK KEK 16 14 (1997 )
4 81 6 2,, 5,, 10% 3 KEK (,,, ) 26 4,, 3, 30% (TV B.M, ).,,,,
82. ( ) (Torsten Giebel), 14 (ALM) (ALM),,,,,, (ALM) 14 : Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle, Friedrichstraße 60, 10117 Berlin, 030 2064690-0 ( ) 14 (2010 7 ). DLM( ), ZAK( ), 2013, KEK KJM( ),.,., KEK 1997,
4 83, TV TV,,,,, / 4,000 Web-TV, 30. 500, Web-TV,.,. (AGF) AGF(Arbeits Gemeinshaft Fernseforschung) AGF ARD ZDF, RTL ProSiebenSat.1,, GfK
84 4 3 TV (2011. 7. 27 ) ( ) ( ) 193 283 3 13 82 167 14 205 292 14 29 120 236 14 39 144 247 14 49 160 260 14 59 174 271 14 69 192 285 ( : ) : 5,640 ( 13,000 ) (3 7,201 (3,586 ) ) : AGF/GfK Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Fernsehpanel(D+EU), 3:00 3:00 ( ). AGF 1988 (ARD, ZDF) (RTL, P7S1 ). AGF,, AGF 1,700 ( 250 ),, 10 100, 50 AGF 2009 7 1
4 85 4 1 AGF 2000 1 1 TV (AGF) 4 26, AGF 2000 7. 4 90%, 95%,, (Waehrung) 4 1 1 6,,,,. AGF AGF (Beirat der Lizenzsender, BLS)
86,. 2011 4 AGF ANIXE, DAS VIERTE, DELUXE MUSIC, DMAX, ESPN America, EuroNews, Eurosport, Ojom TV, imusic TV, N24, NICK VIVA COMEDY CENTRAL, QVC Deutschland, Servus TV, Sky, SPORT1, Tele 5, TV5MONDE, TV Bayern, YAVIDO 19 4 2 AGF 4 3
5 87 5 2009,,., 69 2 1 30% (KBS 36.204%, )., 10 ( ) HHI, 2100., KBS 800., ( ).,.,.,.
88.,. KOBACO, KOBACO., RDD,, 2,,,,., 1,,,.,,., (pre-test),.,.,., / (Control) (Own),
5 89., SBS, SBS, SBS.,,,.,, 1%, 1%, 1%., 0,, 0.,,.,., ( ).,,.,,
90.,..,,,.,., TV,., SNS., IT,., SNS, TV., (Linear) (Non-linear) (Directive),.
91 7 11 ( ) ( ): (KEK).?.,...,? KEK,..... KEK,. KEK..
92. 2 2? KEK,.,..,.?,.?....?. 1 80% 10 10%...
93 TV?? KEK.,,... PV UI... KEK.. 5. TV?.. KEK AGF TV, KEK. AGF. FCC, KEK. KEK. MOU.?. KEK,...
94 2004 P7S1 2006,??. KEK.. M&A. KEK 3? KEK,,., 2006..?. 3. KEK 5 1,. KEK?. KEK., KEK. KEK.. KEK.. KEK..
95.?.. KEK. KEK. KEK?, KEK.,. 2004,, KEK. KEK?, OTT.. KEK? KEK.
96.. 7 12 ( ) ( ): ( ) :.. 1, 2, 3...,.. /, /.,,. KEK,, KEK,.
97 : (, ) 30%.. 25% 40% 30%..,.., 25%, 30%.. 3. (Oligopoly). (Risk management).,. RTL,.,,,.,
98...,..,...,,,..,..,. ( / ).
99.. (Indicate),. :. KEK (SNS). KEK (Publisher). (Audience share).,..., 90%...
100,. 26,.,, KEK. 10%. 10% KEK...,.,.,.,.,,., 3. 3
101... 7 13 ( ) ( ): KEK (Bernd Malzanini), (Petri) : KEK,. 3 1, 2, 3.,. : KEK.... KEK 16 14. KEK 1997,. 6 2,. 5. 14 6, 2. 6, 6
102 KEK.. KEK.,., RTL TV,,,,,. KEK,. KEK.,., 10% 3..,., KEK,,,.,. 10%,. 30%, 3,. 25%,
103 30%.,. 40.3%, RTL 27.4%, P7S1 20.6%, 11.7%. 185..?? : KBS 37%, MBC 17%, SBS 13%, 33%. :?? :..,,. : 26 4, 3,. : 30%? :. 600.,. : TV B.M.? :..
104 : 30%? :.. 40%, 40%. 30 70.,,..,,. :? :,... : KEK,? :.., WAZ 60 70%. 30%. NRW. 5%. NRW.
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113 (2002),,. (2010), 2009 (2011a), 2010 (2011b), 2011 (2010)., 10-53,. (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011),. (1998),,. (2010a), 2010. (2010b),. (2010),,. Congdon, T., et al.(1995), The Cross Media Revolution: Ownership and Control, London: John Libbey & Company. Iosifides, P.(1997), Methods of measuring media concentration. Media, Culture & Society, 19(4), pp.643 663. Iyengar, Shanto.(1991), Is Anyone Responsible? Chicago: University of Chicago. Napoli, P. M.(2001), Foundations of communications policy: Principles and process in the regulations of eletronic media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
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