원 저 비듬균에대한대나무기름의항균효과에관한연구 = Abstract = 단국대학교식품공학과 1, 중앙대학교의과대학피부과학교실 2, 대봉엘에스 ( 주 ) 3, 서울대학교의과대학피부과학교실 4, 경희대학교생명과학대학유전공학과 5 이숙경 1 박종호 1 김범준 2 김연태 3 김명남 2 임윤영 2 홍유진 2 안주희 2 변희진 4 황재성 5 A Study on the Antimicrobial Effect of Bamboo (Phyllosrachys bambusoides) Essential Oil on Malassezia Sook Kyung Lee 1, Jong Ho Park 1, Beom Joon Kim 2, Youn Tae Kim 3, Myeung Nam Kim 2, Yun Young Lim 2, Yu Jin Hong 2, Joo Hee An 2, Hee Jin Byun 4 and Jae Sung Hwang 5 Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea 1, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2, Daebong Life Science, Incheon-City, Korea 3, Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea 4, Department of Genetic Engineering and Skin Biotechnology Center, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea 5 Background: Malassezia is considered as major factor in dandruff of human scalp. Objective: In order to develop an antimicrobial agent, bamboo oil was extracted by high temperture suction from dried bamboo truk abd then antimicrobial activities against Malassezia are investigated. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration and antimicrobial activity were measured in Malassezia species. Results: 1. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the Bamboo (Phyllosrachys bambusoides) Essential Oil Malassezia furfur standard, Malassezia furfur patient, Malassezia sympodialis standard, Malassezia sympodialis patient, Malassezia dermatis standard, Malassezia dermatis patient were 10 μl/ml, 5 μl/ml, 5 μl/ml, 10 μl/ml, 5 μl/ml and 10 μl/ml respectively. 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the Itraconazole Malassezia furfur standard, Malassezia furfur patient, Malassezia sympodialis standard, Malassezia sympodialis patient, Malassezia dermatis standardntia, Malassezia dermatis patient were 10 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.01 μg/ml, respectively. 3. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ketoconazole Malassezia furfur standard, Malassezia furfur patient, Malassezia sympodialis standard, Malassezia sympodialis patient, Malassezia dermatis standard, Malassezia dermatis patient were 0.01 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 0.01 μg/ml, and 0.01 μg/ml, respectively. 4. Malassezia furfur standard, Malassezia furfur patient, Malassezia sympodialis patient and Malassezia dermatis patient showed the strongest antimicrobial effect on bamboo oil > ketoconazole > itraconazole. 5. Malassezia sympodialis standard, Malassezia sympodialis patient and Malassezia dermatis standard strongest antimicrobial effect on ketoconazole > bamboo oil > itraconazole. 별책요청저자 : 김범준, 140-757 서울시용산구한강로 3 가 65-207, 중앙대학교용산병원피부과전화 : (02) 748-9573, Fax: (02) 798-9573, e-mail: beomjoon@unitel.co.kr * 본연구는보건복지부보건의료기술진흥사업 (A080065) 의지원에의하여이루어진것임. - 1 -
Conclusion: Bamboo oil might be applied as antidandruff treatment modality by its anti-malassezial effect. [Kor J Med Mycol 2010; 15(1): 1-11] Key Words: Bamboo oil, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Antimicrobial effect, Malassezia 서 론 대나무는껍질, 가지, 잎, 순, 내피인죽여등이예로부터한약재로이용되어왔다. 특히대나무잎은죽엽이라하여열내림, 피멋이약, 중풍, 고혈압등의민간요법과살균, 항진균작용과항암효과도있는것으로알려져있으며 1,2, 대나무를가열하여추출한죽력은동의보감 1, 약용식물학 3 등에서는중풍, 경기, 가슴이답답할때효과가좋다고하였다. 식품의부패및변질을방지하기위해각종인공합성보존료를사용하여, 저장기간의연장을시도하고, 보존료는화학적합성품으로지속적으로체내에축적될경우에만성독성, 발암성, 돌연변이유발성등의우려가있고 4~7, 인체에부작용이적은천연물질을이용한추출물의항산화력과항균력에관한다양한연구 8~21 가많이진행되고있으며, 일본에서는천연보존제로개발하기위한일환으로동백죽 kumazasa (Sasa albomarginate의 Makino et Shibata) 잎추출물에관한항균성 22 과맹종죽 (Phyllostachys eduis A. et C. Riv) 에서분리정제한천연보존제연구 23~25 가이루어져있다. 우리나라는예로부터김치를담근후대나무잎으로덮거나, 동치미에대나무잎을띄운보관방법등의방부작용에관한보고 26~28 가있다. 또한 Lee 등 29 은미생물의오염지표가되는 Gram 양성균 S. aureus와 Gram 음성균 E. coli에대한 bamboo oil의항균력과무좀균과비듬균에대한 bamboo oil의항균력이우수할뿐만아니라경제성도있음을보고 30 하였다. 그러나일반미생물및피부치료제로서의능력을가지고있는 bamboo oil이두피에영향을주는비듬균의항균력에대한심층적학술보고가거의없는실정이다. - 2 - 비듬은사람의두피에서서식하여일상생활에있어머리냄새중타인으로하여금불쾌감을느끼게하거나사회활동이많아지고있는현대인에게있어사회생활에지장을줄수있기때문에비듬에대한관심이점차증가 31~33 되고있다. 비듬을유발하는균종으로는 Malassezia globosa와 M. restricta 이외에도 M. furfur, M. sympodias, M. dermatis로보고 34~38 되어왔다. 이들비듬균중 M. globosa와 M. restricta에대해서는그동안많은연구가이루어져왔으나나머지 3종에관해서는비듬과의연관성에대해상대적으로연구된바가적었다. 본연구는난치성비듬균환자에서분리한 3종의비듬균을표준균주와비교하여항균제등에대해내성을가지는지와이러한내성이대나무기름추출물을통해증식이억제될수있는지를검증해보고자시행하였다. 이들비듬균을감소시키기위하여 ketoconazol 39~44 성분의크림제, 심한경우일부는 itraconazol 45~47 성분의경구제등의항진균효과처방에의존해왔다. 그러나이들약제를장기간사용할경우약제내성에대한우려가있을수있고, 또한드물게는피부발진이나두통등이발생할수도있다 48~50. 본연구에서는국내남쪽지방에서비교적쉽게구할수있으며, 자생력이좋은대나무를항균력이있는것으로입증된 bamboo oil이비듬균에대한항균력의가능성을검토였으며, 병원피부과에서 6개월이상 ketoconazol 샴푸처방을받았으나비듬이호전되지않는다고판단되는저항균환자의두피에서 Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodias, Malassezia dermatis를분리동정한비듬균과미생물보존센터에서구입한표준균주 (standard strain) 의비듬균에대하여유의성있는결과를얻었기에이를보고하고자한다.
대상및방법 1. 실험재료 Itraconazol과 ketoconazol의비교연구를위하여사용된대나무는 3개월건조한왕대나무 (Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc) 를 2008년 8월충청남도천안시광덕사안양암에서재래식방법 ( 대나무줄기를담은옹기를왕겨로덮은후 72시간이상고온의열을가하여추출 ) 으로고온 감압의조건에서추출하여얻은 essential oil (relative density 20 /20 (g/ml) : 0.9848, 3.2 Brix%, ph: 3.2±0.5) 을즉대나무기름 ( 이하 B.O 이라함, Bamboo (Phyllosrachys bambusoides) Essential Oil) 의시료액을 4 에냉장보관하면서사용하였다. 2. 사용균주및배지본실험에사용된균주는비듬균으로원시균주인 Malassezia furfur standard KTCT 7545 ( 이하 MFS이라함 ), Malassezia sympodialis standard CBS 7222 ( 이하 MSS이라함 ), Malassezia dermatis standard CBS 9169 ( 이하 MDS) 은한국미생물보존센터와중앙대학교의과대학연구실에서 2009년 8월에분양받았으며, 피부과비듬환자에게서분리동정한 Malassezia furfur patient ( 이하 MFP 이라함 ), Malassezia sympodialis patient ( 이하 MSP 이라함 ), Malassezia dermatis patient ( 이하 MDP 이라함 ) 은중앙대학교의과대학연구소에서 2009년 8월에분양받아 1개월간격으로계대하여사용하였다. 항균력실험에사용된비듬균은생육활성에맞는배지에배양하여사용하였다. 미생물의 disc diffusion법에사용된배지는각각생육에맞는배지에 1.5%-agar가되도록첨가시켜제조하였으며, MIC에사용된배지는 test bube (10 ml) 에제조하였다. 이를각각 121, 2기압에서 11분간멸균후사용하였다. 3. 실험방법 1) 시료의전처리 Bamboo oil의비듬균에대한상대적인항균력을비교측정하기위하여비듬치료제인 itraconazol 과 ketoconazol은 SIGMA 社 (St. Louis, U.S.A.) 에서구입하였다. 2) 배양기및배양조건 SW-029 배양기 ( 삼우과학, Korea) 를이용하여 disc diffusion법에이용된배지를 33.0±0.3 에서각각균주의발생시간에따라배양하였다. 또한통성혐기성성질의종균을배양하기위하여실험에사용된멸균 petri dish (87 15 mm) 와 test bube (10 ml) 는바깥경계부분을 para film (Whatman 社 ) 으로실링하여배양하였다. 4. 최소저해농도 51,52) (MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration) 최소저해농도 (MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration, 이하 MIC이라함 ) 는 UV spectrophotometer로측정하였다. 즉 bamboo (Phyllosrachys bambusoides) Essential Oil, Itroconazol 과 ketoconazole 용액을농도별로각각조절한 broth에균주를 100 μl씩접종시킨후각균주배양조건에따라 incubator에활성화시킨시험균의배양액을배양하여 UV spectrophotometer 630 nm에서증식이관찰되지않은농도로결정하였다. 5. Disc diffusion 53,54) 법을이용한항균력시험멸균된 petri dish (87 15 mm) 를이용하여각균주의배양용으로제조된평판배지에각각의균주를 100 μl씩도말하고, 정중앙에멸균된 paper disc (8 mm, Whatman 社 ) 를균등한위치에올려놓은다음, bamboo oil ( 이하 B.O이라함 ) 과 MIC에서항균력을나타낸농도의 0.1 mg/mltroconazol ( 이하 I.C이라함 ) 과 0.1 mg/mlketoconazole ( 이하 K.C이라함 ) 용액을각각 40 μl/ml를분주하여사용하였으며, 이를 incubator (JEIO TECH의 IB-450M) 에서 2주간배양하여 - 3 -
Table 1. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of bamboo oil on bacteria Strains Concentrations 100 μl/ml 250 μl/ml 10 μl/ml 5 μl/ml MIC (%) Malassezia furfur standard ++ ++ + - 10 μl/ml Malassezia furfur patient + + + + 5 μl/ml Malassezia sympodialis standard ++ ++ ++ + 5 μl/ml Malassezia sympodialis patient ++ ++ + - 10 μl/ml Malassezia dermatis standard ++ ++ + + 5 μl/ml Malassezia dermatis patient ++ ++ + - 10 μl/ml Symbols: ++; growth, +; weak growth, -; no growth Strains were cultivated at 33 for 2 week in broth added with each concentration of bamboo oil Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole on bacteria Strains Concentrations 10 μg/ml 1 μg/ml 0.1 μg/ml 0.01 μg/ml MIC (%) Malassezia furfur standard + - - - 10 μg/ml Malassezia furfur patient + - - - 10 μg/ml Malassezia sympodialis standard + - - - 10 μg/ml Malassezia sympodialis patient + + + - 0.1 μg/ml Malassezia dermatis standard + + - - 1 μg/ml Malassezia dermatis patient + + + + 0.01 μg/ml Symbols: ++; growth, +; weak growth, -; no growth Strains were cultivated at 33 for 2 week in broth added with each concentration of itraconazole paper disc 주위의저해환 (mm) 의크기로항균력을측정하였다. 실험의공정성을위하여 3회실시하였다. 결과 1. 최소저해농도 (MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration) 본시험에서의 MIC는 B.O (100%-bamboo oil) 은 Table 1에 I.C (itraconazole) 은 Table 2에 K.C (ketoconazole) 은 Table 3에그결과를나타내었다. B.O을농도별로첨가한 broth에배양한결과, Malassezia furfur standard은 10 μl/ml 이상에서, Malassezia furfur patient은 5 μl/ml 이상에서최소 저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia sympodialis standard은 5 μl/ml 이상에서, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 10 μl/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia dermatis standard은 5 μl/ml 이상에서, Malassezia dermatis patient은 10 μl/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. I.C을농도별로첨가한 broth에배양한결과, Malassezia furfur standard은 10 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia furfur patient은 10 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia sympodialis standard은 10 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 0.1 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia dermatis standard은 1 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia dermatis patient은 - 4 -
Table 3. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ketoconazole on bacteria Strains Concentrations 10 μg/ml 1 μg/ml 0.1 μg/ml 0.01 μg/ml MIC (%) Malassezia furfur standard + + + + 0.01 μg/ml Malassezia furfur patient + - - - 10 μg/ml Malassezia sympodialis standard + - - - 10 μg/ml Malassezia sympodialis patient + + + - 0.1 μg/ml Malassezia dermatis standard + + + + 0.01 μg/ml Malassezia dermatis patient ++ ++ ++ + 0.01 μg/ml Symbols: ++; growth, +; weak growth, -; no growth Strains were cultivated at 33 for 2 week in broth added with each concentration of ketoconazole Table 4. Antimicrobial activities of 40 μl/ml-bamboo oil, 0.1 mg/ml-itraconazole, 0.1 mg/ml-ketoconazole (Unit: Clear zone (mm) * ) Sample/Strain Bamboo oil Itraconazole Ketoconazole Malassezia furfur standard 7.2±0.2-1.3±0.1 Malassezia furfur patient 8.7±0.2-5.4±0.2 Malassezia sympodialis standard 3.1±0.2 0.7±0.1 3.3±0.2 Malassezia sympodialis patient 2.3±0.1 0.7±0.1 2.3±0.1 Malassezia dermatis standard 0.8±0.1 5.0±0.2 10.5±0.1 Malassezia dermatis patient 14.4±0.2 0.8±0.1 - * Results indicate mean ± SD from five separate experiments 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. K.C을농도별로첨가한 broth에배양한결과, Malassezia furfur standard은 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia furfur patient은 10 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia sympodialis standard은 10 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 0.1 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. Malassezia dermatis standard은 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서, Malassezia dermatis patient은 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. 2. Disc diffusion 법을이용한항균력시험비듬원인균 3종및비듬환자균 3종을대상으로한 B.O과 I.C, K.C의항균력을조사한결과는 Table 4에나타내었다. B.O의경우모든균종에우수한항균력을나타내었으며특이적으로 I.C와 K.C보다 MFS, MFP, MDP 3종에가장우수한항균력을나타내었다 (Fig. 1). 비듬치료제로사용하고있는 I.C는 MDP에, K.C는 MHP, MDP에가장우수한항균력을나타내었으며, B.O, I.C 및 K.C들의항균력을위주로시험한결과는다음과같다. Malassezia furfur standard에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 7.2±0.2 mm, K.C는 1.3±0.1 mm를나타내었다. BO은 K.C 에비하여약 5.54배높은것으로나타내었다. I.C의경우항균력이거의없는것으로나타내었다. Malassezia furfur patient에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 8.7±0.2-5 -
Fig. 1. The inhibition of Malassezia furfur standard (MFS), Malassezia furfur patient (MFP), Malassezia sympodialis standard (MSS), Malassezia sympodialis patient (MSP), Malassezia dermatis standard (MDS) and Malassezia dermatis patient (MDP) for bamboo oil. mm, K.C는 5.4±0.2 mm를나타내었다. BO은 K.C 에비하여약 1.61배높은것으로나타내었다. I.C의경우항균력이거의없는것으로나타내었다. B.O은 Malassezia furfur standard보다 Malassezia furfur patient이약 1.21배높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C은 Malassezia furfur standard보다 Malassezia furfur patient이약 4.15배높은것으로나타내었다. B.O이 I.C과 K.C보다도항균력이가장높은것으로나타내었으며, Malassezia furfur patient에항균력이가장높은것으로나타내었다. 천연물질인 B.O이 I.C와 K.C와비교하여도우수한항균력을나타낸것으로보아 B.O의첨가량과첨가방법에따른항균력에관한지속적연구를통하여새로운제제의가능성을제시할수있을것으로사료된다. Malassezia sympodialis standard에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 3.1 ±0.2 mm, I.C은 0.6±0.1 mm, K.C는 3.3±0.2 mm 를나타내었다. BO은 I.C에비하여약 5.17배높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C에비하여약 1.06 배낮은것으로나타내었다. Malassezia sympodialis patient에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 2.3±0.1 mm, I.C은 0.7±0.1 mm, K.C는 2.3±0.1 mm를나타내었다. B.O은 I.C에비하여약 3.29배높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C와같은것으로나타내었다. B.O는 Malassezia sympodialis standard이 Malassezia sympodialis patient보다약 1.35배높은것으로나타내었으며, I.C는비슷한것으로나타내었고, K.C는 Malassezia sympodialis standard이 Malassezia sympodialis patient보다약 1.43배높은것으로나타내었다. B.O은 K.C와 I.C보다 Malassezia sympodialis patient 항균력이가장높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C는 B.O과 IC보다 Malassezia sympodialis standard에항균력이가장높은것으로나타내었다. 천연물질인 B.O이 I.C와 K.C와비교하여도우수한항균력을나타낸것으로보아 B.O의첨가량과첨가방법에따른항균력에관한지속적연구를통하여새로운제제의가능성을제시할수있을것으로사료된다. Malassezia dermatis standard에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 0.8±0.1 mm, I.C은 5.0±0.2.mm, K.C는 10.5±0.1 mm를나타내었다. BO은 I.C에비하여약 5.17배높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C에비하여약 1.06배낮은것으로나타내었다. - 6 -
Malassezia dermatis patient에각각의시료를 40 μl/ml 첨가시발육저지대로는 B.O은 14.4±0.2 mm, I.C은 0.8±0.1 mm 나타내었다. BO은 I.C에비하여약 3.29배높은것으로나타내었으며, K.C의경우항균력이거의없는것으로나타내었다. B.O는 Malassezia dermatis standard이 Malassezia dermatis patient보다약 1.35배높은것으로나타내었으며, I.C는비슷한것으로나타내었고, K.C는 Malassezia dermatis standard이 Malassezia dermatis patient보다약 1.43배높은것으로나타내었다. 고찰최소저해농도 (MIC) 는미생물의생육을억제할수있는최소농도로서, 유카속식물의조사포닌획분의항균활성에서세균류는효모류에비해약한항균작용을나타내었다고하였으며 55, 어성초추출물에서 neutral fractoin의경우 Bacillus subtilis를비롯한일반균주에대해 0.025~0.75 g/ml 상당량의 MIC를보였다하였고 56, 초피추출물에서 paper disc법에의한항균력은농도에비례 57 한다고하였다. 천연물질인 B.O가인공합성제인 H보다다소낮은최소저해농도 (MIC) 를나타내었으나, Malassezia standard 3종과 Malassezia patient 3종모든균들에항균력을나타내어천연물질로서인공합성물질의대체물로의가능성을제시하였으며, 또한 6개월이상 I.C와 K.C를병원처방을받아약물에대한내성이우려되었던 Malassezia patient 균종들에대한항균력을나타내어내성균주들에대한항균력의가능성을제시하였으며, B.O의첨가량과첨가방법에따른항균력에관한지속적인연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 대나무추출물인 B.O의경우말라쎄지아 3종에대해고농도와저농도에서모두유의하게비듬균의증식을골고루억제하였다는점에서향후비듬균치료제의하나로활용할수있을것으로생각된다. 그러나 B.O 자체가가지 고있는냄새와머리카락에발랐을때끈적거릴수있다는점은 B.O의임상적활용에있어극복해야할문제점으로생각한다. Disc diffusion법을이용한항균력시험결과를보면천연물질인 B.O가 I.C와 K.C와비교하여도우수한항균력을나타낸것으로보아 B.O의첨가량과첨가방법에따른항균력에관한지속적인연구를통하여향후기존의항진균제이외에도천연물을이용한재료들이이러한비듬균억제에활용될수있을것으로기대한다. 그러나본연구의한계점은비듬저항균으로추정한환자들의모집단수가너무적었으며, 비듬균의주요원인인 M. globosa나 M. restricta가아닌다른 3종의말라쎄지아가대상이었다는점으로생각된다. 본연구진이기대한바는표준균주 (standard) 에비해비듬환자에서채취한시료 (patient) 군에서 ketoconazole의 MIC가더올라가있을것으로추정하였으나, 실제 3회반복실험한시험결과는 M. furfur에서만 MIC가뚜렷하게상승하였다. 이는아토피피부염과관련이있다고추정되는 M. sympodialis나최근연구되고있는 M. dermatis의경우비듬균자체보다는비듬을유발할수있는다른요인들 ( 피부의염증, 기온의변화, 환경이나스트레스등 ) 에의한영향이비듬균에대한영향보다더큰것이아닐까추정된다. 실제로비듬의발생에있어서비듬균만이원인이아니며다른환경적요인들도함께관여하고, 또한비듬균의수보다는비듬균의활성상태에따라비듬의중증도가더밀접하게연관된다는점이관여인자로추정된다. Ketoconazole에비해 itraconazole은환자군과표준균주간에 MIC가일관된변화를보여주지못하는경향이있었는데이는 itraconazole의경우 ketoconazole과달리국소도포제가개발된것이없고, 무좀치료등의과거력이없는환자들을대상으로하여기존에 itraconazole에대한내성이나약제저항을보이지않았기때문으로추정된다. 그러나 ketoconazole 이나 itraconazole에대한약제내성을좀더명확하게결론짓기위해서는앞으로더많은종 - 7 -
류들의표준균주와항진균제에치료저항을보이는비듬환자들에서동정한비듬균들간의비교연구들이활성화되어야할것으로생각된다. 또한본연구진이사전예비연구로시행한 human cytochrome P450의 inhibition이이러한항진균제의주요내성기전이맞는지에대한연구도추가적으로필요할것으로생각한다. 결론 Bamboo oil, itraconazole과 ketoconazole의첨가량을달리하여 MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 와 disk diffusion을실험한결과는다음과같다. 1. B.O의경우 Malassezia furfur standard은 10 μl/ml 이상, Malassezia furfur patient 5 μl/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis standard은 5 μl/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 10 μl/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis standard은 5 μl/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis patient은 10 μl/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. 2. I.C의경우 Malassezia furfur standard은 10 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia furfur patient 10 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis standard은 10 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 0.1 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis standard은 1 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis patient은 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. 3. K.C의경우 Malassezia furfur standard은 0.01 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia furfur patient 10 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis standard은 10 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia sympodialis patient은 0.1 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis standard은 0.01 μg/ml 이상, Malassezia dermatis patient은 0.01 μg/ml 이상에서최소저해농도를나타내었다. 4. Malassezia furfur standard에대한각시료들의항균력은 B.O > K.C > I.C의순으로나타내었으며, Malassezia furfur patient에대한각시료들의항균력은 B.O > K.C > I.C의순으로나타내었다. 5. Malassezia sympodialis standard에대한각시료들의항균력은 K.C > B.O > I.C의순으로나타내었으며, Malassezia sympodialis patient에대한각시료들의항균력은 K.C, B.O > I.C의순으로나타내었다. 6. Malassezia dermatis standard 에대한각시료들의항균력은 K.C > I.C > B.O의순으로나타내었으며, Malassezia dermatis patient에대한각시료들의항균력은 B.O > I.C > K.C의순으로나타내었다. REFERENCES 1. Goo Bon Heung: Dong Ui Bo Gam, Korea Dictionary Research Publishing, 1997: 954-960 2. Science Encyclopedia publisher: Compounds and Use of medicinal herb, IL WALL SEO KWAK. 1991: 653-654 3. Lee Min Jae: Medicinal Plants, DONG MYEONG SA, Seoul (1995) 4. Lin CCS, Fung DYC. Effect of BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG on Growth and Toxigenesis of Selected Aspergilli. J Food Sci 1983; 48: 578-583. 5. Olin Chemicals, Omadine R Antimicrobials for cosmetic preservation. StaMFSrd 1980: 1-5 6. Nelson JD, Hyde GA. Sodium and zinc omadine antimicrobials as cosmetic preservative. Documentary 1981; 96: 87 7. Korea Food & Drug Administration: Food additives engineering, MOON YOUNGSA, (2002) 8. Lee KS, Yang JW, Kwak LS. Screening of Herb Drugs Showing Antimicrobial Activity Against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Korean J Fd Hyg Safety 1993; 8(3): 141-144 9. Lee JC, Kwak LS, Shin CS, Kim MJ, An DJ, Jung KT. Screening of Herbal Plant extracts Showing Antimicrobial Activity against Some Food Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 2000; 8(2): 109-116 10. Ji WD, Youn SH, Jung HJ. Antimicrobial Effect of - 8 -
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