조직이론의 변천과정(II)

조직이론의변천과정 (II) 이장의연구목적 - 다양한조직이론들을분류하는몇가지틀에대해이해한다. - 조직이론의역사적변천과정을개략적으로이해한다. - 각각의조직이론이갖는기본성격과특성을개략적으로이해한다. 박상언교수 1

거시조직이론의분류틀 (II) - W.R. Scott 인간에대한관점 Rational Social/Natural 조직에대한관점 Closed Open 1900-1930 Scientific management Bureaucracy Administrative theory 1960-1980 Contingency theory Transaction cost approach 1930-1960 Human relations Behavioral science 1990- Garbage can model Corporate culture Learning organization Complexity theory 박상언교수 2

III. 개방 - 합리적조직이론 System approach 의영향 L.von Bertalanffy, General System Theory(1968) General System 의주요특징들 - Connections with environmental elements - Interrelationship & interdependence among the parts - Input, transformation, and output - Differentiation & integration - Self-regulation (Homeostasis by feedback) - Holism (synergy) - Negative entropy Requisite Variety - Equifinality 박상언교수 3

* Open System Approach to an Organization Raw Materials People Information resources Financial resources Input Transformation Process Output Products and Services Subsystems Boundary Spanning Production, Maintenance, Adaptation, Management Boundary Spanning 박상언교수 4

시스템 으로서의조직 박상언교수 5

Contingency Theories of Organization Major studies: - Burns & Stalker (1961) - Lawrence & Lorsch (1967) - Thompson (1967) - Mintzberg (1983) 박상언교수 6

Burns & Stalker (1961) 당면한외부환경의특성에따라효과적으로운영될수있는조직설계방안이다르다! - Stable environment mechanistic organization - Rapidly changing environment organic organization Mechanistic organization( 기계적조직 ) - Characterized by rules, procedures, and a clear hierarchy of authority - Formalized and centralized structure Organic organization( 유기적조직 ) - Much looser, free-flowing, and adaptive - Less rules & regulations - Less hierarchy of authority - Decentralized structure 박상언교수 7

Lawrence & Lorsch (1967) 당시 the plastics, food processing, and standardized container industries 에대한실증연구를바탕으로 환경불확실성이큰산업에속한조직일수록, 조직내분화와통합 (differentiation and integration) 의정도도더크게나타난다는사실을입증! 결국, 조직은당면한내외환경에적합한조직설계및운영방안을가져야비로소효과적이라는사실을강조! 박상언교수 8

Contingency Theory of Organization 효과적인조직설계를위한상황적합이론의기본가정 조직을설계하고운영함에있어서유일한최선의방법이란없다! ( There is no one best way to organize! ) The best way to organize depends on the nature of the environment to which the organization relates. Organizations whose internal features best match the demands of their environments will achieve the best adaptation and performance. 박상언교수 9

거시조직이론의분류틀 (II) - W.R. Scott 인간에대한관점 Rational Social/Natural 조직에대한관점 Closed Open 1900-1930 Scientific management Bureaucracy Administrative theory 1960-1980 Contingency theory Transaction cost approach 1930-1960 Human relations Behavioral science 1990- Garbage can model Corporate culture Learning organization Complexity theory 박상언교수 10

IV. 개방 - 사회적조직이론 외부환경요소의중요성을물론강조하지만, 조직의합리적인운영만이아니라, 그속에내재되어있는여러가지규범적, 주관적, 비합리적인조직관행들에대해서도큰관심을기울이기시작함. 조직의정치적현상, 문화적현상, 조직학습과자기조직화 (selforganizing) 현상등에초점을두고조직에대한이론화시도 Major studies: - K. Weick s Model of Organizing - Garbage Can Model (Cohen, March, & Olsen) - Learning Organization (P. Senge) 박상언교수 11

Garbage Can Model 합리성을추구하는조직내에서이루어지는의사결정도반드시합리적이지만은않고, 그때그때상황에따라이루어지는타협과임기응변적인결과일경우가많다. Which solutions get attached to which problems is largely determined by chance. Garbage Can Model of Decision Making 혼돈 (Chaos) 속에서도실현 / 관철되는일정한법칙성과규칙성을발견, 설명하려는새로운이론화의시도로이어짐. 박상언교수 12

P. Senge s Learning Organization 학습조직의중요성 : 21 세기의기업경쟁력은단지제품의양이나질보다는지식창출능력에의해좌우되는만큼, 기업의성공을위해서는끊임없이배우고, 새로운것을창출할수있는 학습조직 으로의변신이요구됨. 학습조직을구성하는 5 가지핵심요인 (Senge, 1990) Shared Vision Mental Models Systems Thinking Personal Mastery Team Learning 박상언교수 13

Now Let s Wrap up This Lecture 인간에대한관점 Rational Social/Natural 조직에대한관점 Closed Open 1900-1930 Scientific management Bureaucracy Administrative theory 1960-1980 Contingency theory Transaction cost approach 1930-1960 Human relations Behavioral science 1990- Garbage can model Corporate culture Learning organization Complexity theory 박상언교수 14

거시조직이론의분류틀예시 (I) G. Burrell & G. Morgan, Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis 조직이론이기반하고있는사회학적패러다임에근거한분류틀 Change Radical Humanism - Anti-Organization Theory Radical Structuralism -Radical Organization Theory Subjective Interpretive Sociology -Ethnomethodology & Phenomenological symbolic interactionism Functionalist Sociology -Bureaucracy -Social System Theory Objective Regulation 박상언교수 15

우리가접해볼다양한조직이론들 Ch.2 기계장치로서의조직 Ch.3 유기체로서의조직 Ch.4 두뇌로서의조직 Ch.5 문화로서의조직 Ch.6 정치체계로서의조직 Ch.7 심리적감옥으로서의조직 Ch.8 흐름과변환과정으로서의조직 Ch.9 지배를위한도구로서의조직 박상언교수 16

G. Burrell & G. Morgan 의틀에대입해본 8 가지조직이론 ( 이미지 ) 들 Change Subjective 심리적감옥으로서의조직 문화로서의조직 흐름과변환과정으로서의조직 두뇌로서의조직 정치체계로서의조직 지배도구로서의 조직 유기체로서의조직 Objective 기계장치로서의조직 Regulation 박상언교수 17