Part Zoom In In many countries, amongst younger people, the habit of reading newspapers has been on the decline and some of the dollars previously (A) spent / were spent on newspaper advertising have migrated to the Internet. f course some of this decline in newspaper reading has been due to the fact that we are doing more of our newspaper reading online. We can read the news of the day, or the latest on business, entertainment or (B) however / whatever news on the websites of The New York Times, The Guardian or almost any other major newspaper in the world. Increasingly, we can access these stories wirelessly by mobile devices as well as our computers. Advertising dollars have simply been (C) followed / following the migration trail across to these new technologies. A dog follows a cat A cat is followed by a dog A cat precedes a dog A dog is preceded by a cat spent however followed spent whatever following were spent however following were spent whatever followed were spent whatever following (A) spent / were spent :. (B) however / whatever However smart you are, you can't do that. Whatever food you like, you can have it here. Whatever you like, you can have it here. (C) / Words Phrases be on the decline previously migrate entertainment increasingly access wirelessly mobile device trail technology 16
www.ebsi.co.kr Problem-olving trategies (A) ~ and some of the dollars previously spent / were spent on newspaper advertising have migrated to the Internet. (B) We can read the news of the day, or the latest on business, entertainment or however / whatever news on the websites of ~. (C) Advertising dollars have simply been followed / following the migration trail across to these new technologies. and [some of the dollars {previously spent / were spent on newspaper advertising}] have migrated to the Internet. [ ] some { } the dollars were spent spent We can read the news of the day, or the latest on business, entertainment or [ however / whatever news] on the websites of. however whatever news whatever however Advertising dollars have simply been followed / following the migration trail across to these new technologies. follow follow Advertising dollars the migration trail have been following the dollars previously spent on newspaper advertising entertainment or whatever news have simply been following the migration trail 17
1 In your new home, you may (A) longer need to own large equipment such as lawnmowers and chainsaws. Because these items might contain oil or gas, throwing them away could be harmful to the environment. In addition, this equipment might (B) have / have been?! stored for quite some time and could be old and dirty. Taking the time to clean these items and to find a proper way to get rid of them is safer for the environment. Local environmental agencies across the country have set up programs (C) for / that homeowners to trade in their old gasoline powered lawnmowers and electric equipment. Contact your local solid waste or environmental agency to ask about these programs. any have for no have for no have been for no have been that any have been that any / no (A) any ' '. I do not study any longer. () Is there any student can answer this? () Any student can answer this. (?) (B) / ome people stored the equipment in the garage.?! The equipment was stored in the garage (by some people) (C) + ( ) / (that) + ( ) chainsaw 2 ne thing that we need to be careful of is not to let our evaluations (A) are / be biased by our memories, particularly when it comes to grand events. In 1993, Joe Carter won the World eries for the Toronto Blue Jays with a walk-off home run, and few people will forget that. He had plenty of home runs in his career he s forty-fifth on the all-time home run list with 396 which is (B) because / why we tend to think of him as a very good player. But actually, Carter (the reason) was very average. When he wasn t hitting home runs, he was making a lot of outs. Nearly 70 result in = lead to percent of his trips to the plate resulted in an out for his team, compared to the league average of 67 percent. As fans, we find it (C) easy / easily to remember the home runs. In a game where an out is the most common outcome, outs do not stick in our memories. (A) let + + C he sleeps during the class. He wouldn't let her sleep during the class. () He wouldn't let her to sleep during the class (X) He wouldn't let her sleeps during the class. (X) C bias(n) walk-off home run are because easy are why easily be because easy be why easy be because easily (C) / English grammar is easy.() he answered his question easily. ()? he finds it [easy/easily] to study English grammar.? +@ / :. To study English is fun. => It is fun to study English. That he liked chemistry more than English is surprising. => It is surprising that he liked chemistry more than English. 18
www.ebsi.co.kr 3 Residential locations show a hierarchy of values. As in a house the working parts lie concealed in the basement, so in a city the industrial and commercial base (A) hugs / hugging the water s edge; and private homes rise in prestige with elevation. The rich and powerful not only own more real estate than the less privileged, they also command more visual space. Their status (B) has / is? C! made evident to outsiders by the superior location of their residence; and from their residence the rich are reassured of their position in life each time they look out the window and see the world at their feet. Again, there are exceptions. A well-known one is Rio de Janeiro, where luxury highrise buildings seek the convenience and attraction of the beach (C) which / while the huts of the poor cling to the steep slopes of the hills. = own C conceal <-> reveal hugs has which hugs is while hugs has while hugging is while hugging is which 4 As a form of mobility, travel is an integral component of the human experience. There are a number of different conceptions of travel (A) using / used in the leisure and recreation fields, with the concept changing over time. ince 1990, the concept of travel has become increasingly important in sociology and human geography. Different levels of mobility have led to distinct cultures of travel consumption. It is also recognized that, (B) because / because of N communication technology, it is possible to have access to different cultures and landscapes without requiring physical mobility. Instead, virtual mobility and travel is growing in importance both as a form of recreational activity and as a means of promotion by places seeking to attract visitors. Nevertheless, the consumption of travel services cannot be separated from the social and C economic relations (C) which / in which they are embedded. = where using because which using because of in which used because which used because of in which used because of which (A) / ( / ) :., (which are) There are different concepts used in this field. There are many people using different concepts in this field. (who are) (B) / : + (+) / + because/because of, while/during, though/despite (C) / - = + I love Jin Ju and I was born in Jin Ju. I love Jin Ju which I was born in. - = + I love Jin Ju and I was born in Jin Ju. I love Jin Ju where I was born. 19
5 I once saw a young girl who had spent months in hospital with paralyzed legs. As a last?! resort, her parents called in a psychologist, and the next day she was walking. he told me a story C about her drawing that gave a lead to the secret problem. he felt guilty because she was growing too big-boned to be able to become a professional ballet dancer. Her family had invested so much in her ballet lessons, and was expected a brilliant future for her. The psychologist C => was expecting helped her ( to ) see her many other talents she could develop, and that she needed no excuses for stopping serious ballet. he got out of bed and walked. The paralysis had been real, but its solution was not medical. It was the recognition of the unconscious conflict that cured her. paralyzed It ~ that(who, which, where, when...) : it is that. He called her yesterday. It was he who(that) called her yesterday. It was she who(that) he called yesterday. It was yesterday when(that) he called her. The recognition of the unconscious conflict cured her. => It was the recognition of unconscious conflict that(which) cured her. It was her that(who) the recognition of unconscious conflict cured. It( ) ~ that, to( ) : to ( ). It. To cure her is possible. => It is possible to cure her. That she is walking around again is surprising. => It is surprising that she is walking around again. 6 Every time we approach a problem, we bring to bear assumptions that limit our ability to conceive fresh solutions, but brilliant thinkers are always aware of the assumptions and are = imagine = come up with? always happy to confront them. There is a story told about a northern pike. A pike was put into an aquarium, which had a glass screen dividing it. In the other half from the pike there were many small fish. The pike tried repeatedly to eat the fish but each time hit the glass screen. The screen was eventually removed, but the pike did not attack the little fish. It had learned that trying to eat the little fish was useless and painful, so it stopped trying. We often suffer from this pike stop to- / stop -ing syndrome, which early experience conditions us into wrong assumptions about similar but (in) different situations. try to - / try -ing northern pike 20
www.ebsi.co.kr 7 In experiments, we are interested in overall differences between the various conditions. uppose we find that participants randomly assigned to be alone help a victim more quickly than (who were) participants assigned to groups of two or four bystanders. Before concluding that the number of cf. a number of bystanders influenced the speed of helping, we must first ask that this difference is real or is merely a chance finding. Because our data are based only on a particular sample of people in each condition, how do we know that similar results would have occurred if we had tested other samples? Perhaps, the participants we tested were not truly representative of the populations (who) from which they were drawn. Perhaps, despite random assignment, participants assigned to be = in spite of alone happened by chance to have more highly altruistic personalities than those in the other <-> selfish, egoistic conditions, and this is the reason they helped more quickly. => if / whether population (2) that / if, whether I know that he studied chemistry in the high school. I wonder if/whether he studied chemistry in the high school. (3), I can speak English, so that I can enjoy this trip. - If you can speak English, you can enjoy the trip. - ( ) If you spoke English, you could enjoy the trip. - ( ) If you had spoken English, you could(would) have enjoyed the trip. - ( ) 8 Perhaps the best-known statue in the world is one of enus, the goddess of love and beauty, which was found on the Greek island of Melos. It is called The enus of Melos. he has a perfect Greek nose, though we can t see it in the front view. We do not know who the sculptor was, but some people think that one of the pupils of Praxiteles must have made it. This enus has no arms, but many people have tried to imagine what the arms were doing when she did have them. ome say that she was holding a bronze shield on her knee and looking into its brightly polished surface to see her. People had no glass mirrors at that time. Their mirrors => herself were made of shiny metal. thers say she held a lance, or possibly nothing at all, but no one is sure. (4) : + ~self/selves : 1) - I love myself. He could see himself in the mirror. 2) - You tell your son to read a lot. But you don't read at all yourself. I don't like English itself. 21