MMN * ** (*, ** ). MMN., 2002, 7, 2, 183-199. Mismatch negativity(mmn). (34-63, 10) (30-70, 12) MMN,,. 750 Hz, 800 ms, 75 db HL, 1000 Hz,., MMN., MMN, MMN. : MMN,,,,,.,, (aphasia), (dysarthria).,,,, (speech mechanism)(muscular control).. (head trauma), (brain tumor), (brain infection) (, 2001).,,. (Korean- Boston Naming Test, 184
MMN K-BNT,, 1997), (Korean-Westen Aphasia Battery, K-WAB,, 2001) (), (Computerized T omography, CT ), (Brain SPECT )(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI)., (Event Related Potential, ERP) Mismatch negativity (MMN)., Aaltonen et al. (1993)(frontal) - (temporo- parietal) MMN, Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994) (prefrontal) MMN, Csepe et al. (1995) MMN. Makela et al. (1998) (thalamic infarction),, MMN. MMN, MMN,. MMN(<- 1> ) ERP.,,,,, mismatch, (negativity) MMN (Naatanen, 2000). MMN100-200 msec,. 50-160 msec, 80-250 msec (Lang et al., 1995). MMN (Fz, F4, F3), MMN. MMN,, N1, P2. MMN., N2P3b MMN. 185
MMN (Gene- Cos et al., 1999). < - 1> MMN(: Kraus et al., 1993) MMN.,. MMN -.,. ERP, MMN.,,. MMN MMN, MMN,,. 186
MMN. 1. 34-63 10 <- 1>. 10 48(SD± 9.8)5, 5. 23 (SD ± 18.5). 5, 4, 1, 7, 3. MRICT. < - 1> A B 34 35 00.12 99.1 BG* BG aphasia dysarthria C 42 01.5 BG aphasia D 47 99.5 Cortex dysarthria E 47 01.3 Cortex aphasia F 50 96.8 BG dysarthria G H 54 55 00.12 99.12 BG Cortex aphasia aphaisa I 61 99.5 BG aphasia J 63 97.12 BG aphasia * BG: Basal Ganglia() 30-70 12. 12 48(SD ± 13.5), 4, 8. (K-WAB) (, 1993), K- WAB <- 2> <- 3>. 187
, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz 25 db HL, A.,, A,.,,,,,,. < - 2> K-WAB A C E G H I J 8 7.5 8 1 3.5 2.5 5 9.1 7.3 8.4 5.2 7.1 5.2 7.6 7.8 9.1 1.9 1.7 4.6 1.6 9.7 8.2 5.4 1.6 1.5 4.2 1.3 0.8 82.4 73.6 55.8 20.8 42.1 26.2 56.2 <- 3> / B D F,,,,,,, 2. MMN(evoked potential) (Nicolet, 188
MMN Viking IV). (Welch Allyn, GSI 61), (Welch Allyn, GSI 33). 3.. (standard)(deviant )750 Hz, 1000 Hz, ISI800 ms, 75 db HL. Nicolet Tip 300. 90 %, 10 % 1400. 850 msec( 100 msec 750 msec), 100 ms (baseline). 2-30 Hz (bandpass filtering)100 (on- line). (artifacts)90 V.. MMN.,. Omniprep (disc) (electrode cream) (Fz),, (nasal dorsum). 5 k 1 k.., (free field)... 189
. SPSS. MMN,,, MMN t -, MMN.. (difference wave) (onset latency), (peak latency), (positive peak) (offset latency), (onset- offset difference latency), (ms) ( V) (). MMN <- 2> <- 3>. < - 2> MMN 190
MMN < - 3> MMN 1. MMN,,,, <- 4>. <- 4> MMN p 148.50 167.10 52.75 15.79.15 224.60 214.90 54.47 24.27.30 (ms) 299.20 250.60 52.60 28.88.01 147.70 84.10 28.30 17.68.00 ( V) 1.96 0.91 0.58 0.78.00 (ms V) 317.98 77.37 117.77 54.85.00 191
148.50 ms, 224.60 ms, 167.10 ms, 214.90 ms 18.60 ms, 9.70 ms, (p >.05), 299.20 ms 250.60 ms 48.60 ms (p <.05). 147.70 ms 84.10 ms 63.60 ms(p <.05). MMN 317.98, MMN 77.37240.61 (p <.05). MMN 1.96 V, MMN 0.91 V 1.05 (p <.05). 2 V, 0.50 V1 V (<- 4> ). < - 4> 2. MMN (,, ),,., <- 5>. 76 ms, 102 ms 22 ms (p <.05). 192
MMN < - 5> MMN p (ms) 166.71 214.86 243.14 76.43 168.00 215.00 268.00 102.00 17.56 25.64 30.41 15.41 14.00 26.06 18.19 2.65.45.49.11.01 ( V) (ms V) 0.96 76.44 0.78 79.53 0.94 65.54 0.26 25.30.38.47 3. (, ) MMN (,,, ),. MMN, <- 6>. 117.23 ms, 44.32 ms 72.91 ms (p <.05). <- 6> MMN p (ms) 166.60 216.40 241.20 74.60 165.00 208.75 255.50 92.00 18.28 30.84 32.90 17.60 16.02 18.64 25.09 14.38.44.39.24.07 ( V) (ms V) 0.53 44.32 1.39 117.23 0.32 13.83 1.08 69.42.06.02 4. MMN (,,, ),. MMN, <- 7>. 193
115.37 ms, 52.03 ms 63.35 ms (p <.05). < - 7> MMN p 162.75 170.00 13.40 17.78.25 215.50 214.50 25.72 25.75.47 (ms) 252.75 249.17 22.97 34.33.43 91.50 79.17 12.97 19.71.15 ( V) 1.36 0.60 1.07 0.37.07 (ms V) 115.37 52.03 69.15 24.89.03 4. MMN MMN,. (p <.05). MMN.,. (p <.05)(<- 8> <- 9> ). <- 8> MMN p 170.33 139.14 75.30 44.10.20 233.33 220.86 41.65 61.79.30 (ms) 291.33 302.57 69.51 49.96.35 121.00 159.14 12.49 25.30.98 ( V) 1.38 2.20 0.61 0.38.01 (ms V) 213.00 362.97 116.73 91.61.02 194
MMN < - 9> MMN p (ms) 169.00 211.80 248.40 79.40 165.20 218.00 252.80 88.80 19.17 26.54 39.06 23.36 13.59 24.44 18.40 10.11.36.35.41.26 ( V) (ms V) 0.54 48.14 1.27 106.60 0.35 21.64 0.96 64.53.07.04. MMN(standard) (deviant) 100-200 ms ERP (event- related potential)negative (Naatanen, 2000)., 100-200 ms,, MMN. (onset- offset different latency).. MMN, (automatic attention- independent),,., MMN. Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994), (Middle Cerebral Artery, MCA) (precentral branch) (Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortexs, DPFCx) 10 13 P1, N1, P2, MMN,. 195
MMN ( )(Gene- Cos et al., 1999) MCA,,, Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994), <- 5>., Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994)2 V, 0.95 V, 1.96 V, 0.9 V. < - 5> Alho MMN (involuntary), MMN., MMN.. (p >.05). MMN, MMN (:,, ) (: )(Alho, Naatanen & Sams, 1994). MMN, Csepe, Karmos & Molnar (1989)MMN.,, (thalamus) (hippocampus)mmn. () 196
MMN MMN, MMN. MMN, 55, 4 2, 2. Ryang et al. (2000) (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, SAH)MMNMMN. MMN SAH, CT, (neuropsychological)., magnitude()., MMN(, ),. Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994)(memory trace),. MMN, MMN. Aaltonen et al. (1993)( ) MMN, Alho, Naatanen & Sams (1994) (ipsilateral) MMN., MMN. MMN., MMN,. Aaltonen et al. (1994),. Barrett & Fulfs (1998)MMN,. (2002),. MMN, 197
. MMN MMN. MMN, (neural plasticity) (Pekkonen, 2000), (Lang et al., 1995).,. 8 3-5, 10, 3, 6, 3-510 MMN, 3MMN (Ilvonen et al., 2000). (,, ) MMN, MMN. (1997). (K- BNT, Korean version- Boston Naming T est). :. (2001). -. :. (2001).. :. (1993)... :. (2002). Mismatch Negativity (MMN)., 7(1), 203-213. Aaltonen, O., Tuomainen, J., Laine, M. & Niemi, P. (1993). Cortical differences in tonal versus vowel processing as revealed by an ERP component called Mismatch Negativity(MMN). B rain and Lang uag e, 44, 139-152. Aaltonen, O., Eerola, O., Lang A, Uusipaikka, E. & T uomainen, J. (1994). Automatic discrimination of phonetically relevant and irrelevant vowel parameters as reflected by mismatch negativity. J ournal of the A coustical Society of A m erica, 96, 1489-1493. Alho, K., Naatanen, R. & Sams, M. (1994). Responses of the primary auditory cortex to pitch changes in a sequence of tone pips : Neuromagnetic recodrdings in man. N euroscience L etters, 50, 127-132. Barrett, K. A. & Fulfs, J. M. (1998). Effect of gender on the mismatch negativity auditory evoked 198
MMN potential. Journal of A m erican A cademy of A udiology, 9, 444-451. Csepe, V., Karmos, G. & Molnar, M. (1989). Subcortical evoked potential correlates of early information processing: mismatch negativity in cats. In E. Baar & T. H. Bullock(Eds.), Sp ring series in brain dynam ics 2. Berlin : Springler- Verlag. Csepe, V., Osman- Sagi, J., Molnar, M., Winkler, I. & Karmos, G. (1995). Top ography of m ismatch negativity to sp eech stim uli in ap hasic patients: E vent- related p otential analysis of im - paired sp eech comp rehension. Manuscript submitted for publication. Gene- Cos, N., Ring, H. A., Pottinger, R. C. & Barrrett, G. (1999). Possible roles for mismatch negativity in neuropsychiatry. N europsy chiatry, N europ sy chology, & B ehavioral N eurology, 12(1), 17-27. Ilvonen, T., Kzou, H., Kujala, T. & Naatanen, R. (2000). T he applicability of MMN to patient studies. Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. Kraus, N., McGee, T., Micco, A., Sharma, A., Carrell, T. & Nicol, T. (1993). Mismatch negativity in school- age children to speech stimuli that are just perceptibly different. E lectroencephalography and Clinical N eruophysiology, 88, 123-130. Lang, H., Eerola, O., Korpilahti, P., Holopainen, I., Salo, S., Uusipaikka, E. & Aaltonen, O. (1995). Clinical applications of the mismatch negativity. Ear and H earing, 16, 118-129. Makela, J. P., Salmelin, R., Kotila, M., Slonen, O., Laaksonen, R., Hokkanen, L. & Hari, R. (1998). Modification of neuromagnetic cortical signals by thalamic infarctions. Electroencephalography and clinical neurop hysiology, 106, 433-443. Naatanen, R. (2000). Mismatch negativity (MMN): Perspectives for application. International J ournal of Psychop hysiology, 37, 3-10. Pekkonen, E. (2000). Mismatch negativity in aging and in Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases. A udiology and N europhysiology, 5(3-4), 216-224. Ryang, Y., Kreitschmann- Andermahr, I., Waberski, T., Kawohl, W., Huetter, B. O., Buchner, H. & Gilsbach, J. M. (2000). Mismatch negativity in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Gilsbach Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of T echnology, Aachen, Germany. 199
AB ST RACT Mismatch Negativity of Adult s w ith Neur ogenic Speech - Lan guag e Disor der s S u n g hy e P ark (Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Universtiy) Jin s ook K im (Dept. of Spoeech- Languge Pathology & Audiology, Hallym University) The Mismatch Negativity(MMN) is known as the valid measure of the accuracy of central auditory processing in the human brain. The MMN has been documented in a number of studies to disclose neuropathological changes. We recorded and analyzed the MMN latency, amplitude, magnitude between healthy adults and adults who had neurogenic speechlanguage disorders. The MMN was measured in 10 adults with neurogenic speechlanguage disorders and 12 healthy adults with normal hearing. The tones were binaurally presented to the subjects in random order (probability of 0.1 deviants and 0.9 standards). The standard tone was 750 Hz, 75 db HL tone burst stimulus. The deviant tone was similar to the standard tone except the 1000 Hz of frequency. Interstimulus interval was 800 ms. T he event- related potential (ERP) was recorded from frontal midline (Fz, active electrode), nasal dorsum (reference electrode), forehead (ground electrode). The MMN onset- offset difference latency of the disorder group was 84.10 ms and normal group was 147.70 ms (p <.05). The MMN amplitude and magnitude of the disorder group was - 0.91 V, 77.37 and the normal group was - 1.96 V, 317.98, respectively (p <.05). In conclusion, the MMN onset- offset difference in latency, amplitude and magnitude significantly decreased with adults of neurogenic speech- language disorders. : 2002530 : 2002716 (1 ):, e- mail: iamlearning @hanmai.net ():, e- mail: jskim@hallym.ac.kr 200