The Journal of The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (IIBC) Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.47-54, Aug. 31, 2019. pissn 2289-0238, eissn 2289-0246 https://doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2019.19.4.47 JIIBC 2019-4-8 차량속도자동화가변시스템의프로트타입모델설계및구현 Design and Implementation of Prototype model of Vehicle speed automatic variable control System 최성재 * Sung-Jai Choi * 요약전세계적으로기후변화의영향에따른차량추돌사고에대한위험성이중요한이슈로등장하고있다. 고속주행차량의속도제한을위해다양한형태의속도제한표시장치가고려되고있으나현재는대부분고정식속도제한표시기를사용하고있다. 4계절이뚜렷한우리나라의경우에는비가많이오는우기나눈이많이오는계절이나안개가많이발생되는경우에는차량추돌사고를방지하기위한차량속도감속제한이필요하지만기존에설치되어있는고정식표지판으로는사고를미연에방지하는것이어려운실정이다. 본연구에서는레인센서와차량와이퍼시스템등을결합시킨기후변화에따른차량속도제한이가변적으로표시되는 LED 전광판의프로토타입모델을제작하였다. 내리는비나눈의양에따라기준속도의 100%, 80%,50% 로 3단계로가변표시되는속도제한표시기는설치되는장소에따라적절한속도를선택지정하여표시할수있다. LED 표시장치를이용한시각적인효과로인해운전자들이사전에속도를감속하게하여차량추돌사고를미연에방지하는데효과적으로이용될것으로기대된다. Abstract In the worldwide, The issue comes up which is the danger of car accidents from climate-change effects. We are considering about various types of speed limit signs for setting restricts to high-speed vehicles. South Korea has 4 seasons in the land. At Summer or Winter seasons have heavy rains and fogs or snow, In these seasons need to enforce speed limit laws or methods to prevent car collision. But South korea is using stationary speed limiters that is not enough to proof against rear-end car accidents in these climates. In this paper shows the necessity of independent LED speed limits display to reduce car accidents. And explaining the prototype model which is a combination of rain sensor and wiper systems. This model is independently changed the speed limits to 50%, 80%, 100% of standards by raindrops and snowflake. Also it is freely setting speed limits on each places anywhere it settled in. Visual effects of the model as being speed-down of vehicles helps to prevent rear-ending car accidents and traffic beforehand. Key Words : Speed limit, Rain sensor, Vehicle Wiper system, LED display, prototype model, Rear end collision * 종신회원, 가천대학교전자공학과접수일자 2019 년 7 월 20 일, 수정완료 2019 년 8 월 1 일게재확정일자 2019 년 8 월 2 일 Received: 20 July, 2019 / Revised: 1 August, 2019 / Accepted: 2 August, 2019 Corresponding Author : csj0717@gachon.ac.kr Dept. of electronic engineering, Gachon university, Korea -47-
Design and Implementation of Prototype model of Vehicle speed automatic variable control System Ⅰ. 서론 전세계적으로기후변화의영향에따른차량추돌사고에대한위험성이중요한이슈로등장하고있다. 고속주행차량의속도제한을위해다양한형태의속도제한표시장치가고려되고있으나독일의아우토반이나동유럽의고속도로뿐만아니라우리나라의고속도로및국도역시 2018년현재까지도대부분고정식속도제한표시기를사용하고있다. 4계절이뚜렷한우리나라의경우에는비가많이오는우기나눈이많이오는겨울이나안개가많이발생되는경우에는차량추돌사고를방지하기위한차량속도감속제한이필요하지만기존에설치되어있는고정식표지판으로는사고를미연에방지하는것이어려운실정이다. 우리나라에서도 2006년 10월발생한서해대교 29중추돌사고와 2015년2월 11일발생된 영종대교 106중추돌사고 는짙은안개상황에서발생했다는점에서와닮았다. 당진과평택사이의서해대교상행선방면에서발생된 29중연쇄추돌사고에서는화재까지발생해차량 12대가전소되고사망자는 12명에달했고부상자도 45명에달했다. 경찰추산물적피해는약 40억원이었다. 영종대교추돌사고로인한사상자는사망 2인부상 63명등총 65명으로외국인도 18명이포함된것으로알려져있다. 그림 2. 서해대교, 영종대교추돌사고 ( 연합뉴스 ) Fig. 2. Seohae Bridge & Youngjong Bridge rear end collision ( yonhap news ) 그림 1. 고정식속도제한표시기 Fig. 1. Fixed type Speed limit indicator 당시사고역시짙은안개와과속이원인이었다. 영종대교와서해대교는바다위에건설돼연간 30일이상짙은안개가발생해이같은추돌사고가능성은매우높은편이다. 당시사고이후안개특보제를실시한다는방침을밝혔지만영종대교추돌사고에는큰도움이되지못했다. 따라서 4계절이뚜렷하고국지적으로다양한기온차이를나타내는우리나라의경우기후변화에따라서자 -48-
The Journal of The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (IIBC) Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.47-54, Aug. 31, 2019. pissn 2289-0238, eissn 2289-0246 동으로가변되는차량속도제한표시기의개발이필요하게되었다. 본연구에서는레인센서와차량와이퍼시스템등을결합시킨기후변화에따른차량속도제한이가변적으로표시되는 LED 전광판의프로토타입모델을제작하였다. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] 7세그먼트를이용한간이전광판의설계도는그림 4 와같고세그먼트를구동하는직류전원공급장치는그림5와같이제작되었다. Ⅱ. 속도제한표시기의설계 본연구에서사용된레인센서는그림 3과같은구조로제작되어있다. 그림 4. 7 세그먼트표시기 Fig. 4. 7 Segment display diagram 그림 5. 직류전원공급장치 Fig. 5. DC Power Supply Unit FND 구동프로그램은그림 6 과같다. ;DYNAMIC CONTROL PROGRAM (FND 3개 제어 ) ; OSC : RC ; WDT : NO LIST P=16C72, F=INHX8M Fig. 3. Rain Sensor Blueprint 그림 3. 레인센서설계도면 INDIR EQU 00H ;PAGE 0 RTCC EQU 01H PC EQU 02H STATUS EQU 03H FSR EQU 04H PORTA EQU 05H PORTB EQU 06H PORTC EQU 07H PCLATH EQU 0AH -49-
Design and Implementation of Prototype model of Vehicle speed automatic variable control System INTCON EQU 0BH PIR1 EQU 0CH TMR1L EQU 0EH TMR1H EQU 0FH T1CON EQU 10H TMR2 EQU 11H T2CON EQU 12H SSPBUF EQU 13H SSPCON EQU 14H CCPR1L EQU 15H CCPRLH EQU 16H CCP1CON EQU 17H ADRES EQU 1EH ADCONO EQU 1FH OPTIONR EQU 01H ;PAGE1 TRISA EQU 05H TRISB EQU 06H TRISC EQU 07H PIE1 EQU 0EH PR2 EQU 12H SSPADD EQU 13H SSPSTAT EQU 14H ADCON1 EQU 1FH ; USER AREA == CNT_BUFF100 EQU 20H CNT_BUFF10 EQU 21H CNT_BUFF1 EQU 22H CNT_DELAY EQU 23H DEL_CNT EQU 24H COUNT_LOW EQU 25H COUNT_HIGH EQU 26H CHECK EQU 28H LOW_CHK EQU 29H TEST_DEL EQU 2AH #DEFINE SENSOR_LOW PORTC,0 #DEFINE SENSOR_HIGH PORTC,1 #DEFINE LED_LOW PORTC,2 #DEFINE LED_HIGH PORTC,3 #DEFINE OUTPUT_LOW PORTC,6 #DEFINE OUTPUT_HIGH PORTC,7 #DEFINE BUFF_LOW LED_BUFF,0 #DEFINE BUFF_HIGH LED_BUFF,1 ; BIT DEFINITION == CF EQU.0 ;STATUS ZF EQU.2 RPO EQU.5 RP1 EQU.6 GO_DONE EQU.2 ;ADCONO ; MACRO DEFINITION == PAGE0 MACRO BCF STATUS,RP1 BCF STATUS,RP0 ENDM PAGE1 MACRO BCF STATUS,RP1 BCF STATUS,RP0 ENDM WIPE_ON MACRO BSF PORTC,5 ENDM WIPE_OFF MACRO BSF PORTC,5 ENDM ; RESET VECTOR = ORG 0 START ; 7 세그먼트 LED 폰트데이터 == FND_TBL : ADDWF PC RETLW B 11000000 ; 0 RETLW B 11111001 ; 1 RETLW B 10100100 ; 2-50-
The Journal of The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (IIBC) Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.47-54, Aug. 31, 2019. pissn 2289-0238, eissn 2289-0246 RETLW B 10110000 ; 3 RETLW B 10011001 ; 4 RETLW B 10010010 ; 5 RETLW B 10000010 ; 6 RETLW B 11011000 ; 7 RETLW B 10000000 ; 8 RETLW B 10010000 ; 9 RETLW B 11111111 ; 0AH:BLANK ; 몸체프로그램 START: MOVLW B 00000000 TRIS PORTA ;PORTA를출력으로설정 MOVLW B 00000000 TRIS PORTB ;PORTB를출력으로설정 MOVLW B 00000011 TRIS PORTC ;PORTC의하위 2비트를입력으로설정 MOVLW OFFH TRIS PORTB ;DISPLAY OFF WIPE_OFF CLRF INTCON ;DISABLE ALL INTERRUPT CLRF PIR1 PAGE1 CLRF PIE1 ;DISABLE PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT MOVLW B 00000111 ;DIGITAL I/O MOVLW ADCON1 PAGE0 START1: MOVLW.1 CNT_BUF100 CLRF CNT_BUF10 CLRF CNT_BUF0 START2: MOVLW.60 TEST_DEL MOVLW.0FFH PORTB START21: CALL DELAY DECFSZ TEST_DEL START21 MOVLW.55 ;130= 약45초 COUNT_LOW CLRF LED_BUFF START3: CALL DISPLAY BSF LED_LOW BTFSC SENSOR_LOW SENSOR1 BCF LED_LOW ; SENSOR LOW 신호가 ON 되어있으면 LOW LED ON BTFSC LOW_CHK,0 ; 이전에 LOW 신호가 OFF이면 SKIP TEST ; 이전에 LOW 신호가 ON 이었으면 BSF LOW_CHK,0 MOVLW.2 CHECK SENSOR11 TEST DECFSZ CHECK SENSOR11 BSF BUFF_LOW ; SENSOR LOW신호가 ON 되었음 SENSOR1 BCF LOW_CHK,0 ; SENSOR LOW신호가 OFF 되었음 SENSOR11 BSF LED_HIGH BTFSC SENSOR_HIGH SENSOR2 BCF LED_HIGH ; SENSOR HIGH 신호가 ON 되어있으면 HIGH LED ON BSF BUFF_HIGH ; SENSOR HIGH 신호가 ON 되었음 SENSOR2 DECFSZ COUNT_LOW START3 BTFSS BUFF_HIGH START4 ;SENSOR HIGH 신호가 ON 된적없으면 CALL SET50 BSF OUTPUT_HIGH BCF OUTPUT_LOW START6-51-
Design and Implementation of Prototype model of Vehicle speed automatic variable control System START4 BTFSS BUFF_LOW START5 ;SENSOR LOW 신호가 ON 된적없으면 CALL SET80 BCF OUTPUT_HIGH BSF OUTPUT_LOW START6 START5 CALL SET100 BCF OUTPUT_HIGH BSF OUTPUT_LOW WIPE_OFF START2 START6 WIPE_ON START2 DISPLAY: MOVLW,50 CNT_DELAY DISP: MOVLW B 11111110 ;FND 0 PORTA MOVF CNT_BUFF100,W CALL FND_OUT MOVLW B 11111101 ;FND1 PORTA MOVF CNT_BUFF10,W CALL FND_OUT MOVLW B 11111011 ;FND 2 PORTA MOVF CNT_BUFF100,W CALL FND_OUT DELAY: MOVLW.0 DEL_CNT DELAY1: $+1 $+1 $+1 DECFSZ DEL_CNT DELAY1 MOVLW B 11111111 ; FND CLEAR PORTB RETUN SET100 MOVLW.1 CNT_BUFF100 CLRF CNT_BUFF10 CLRF CNT_BUFF0 RETUN SET80 MOVLW.10 CNT_BUFF100 MOVLF.8 CNT_BUFF10 CLRF CNT_BUFF0 RETUN SET50 MOVLW.10 CNT_BUFF100 MOVLF.5 CNT_BUFF10 CLRF CNT_BUFF0 RETUN END 그림 6. FND 구동프로그램 Fig. 6. FND Driving program 전광판은운전자가고속으로주행하면서도원거리에서도식별가능하도록그림 7과같은크기로제작하였다. DECFSZ CNT_DELAY RETURN DISP ; 서브루틴 = FND_OUT: CALL FND_TBL PORTB 그림 7. LED 전광판 Fig. 7. LED Display Unit -52-
The Journal of The Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication (IIBC) Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.47-54, Aug. 31, 2019. pissn 2289-0238, eissn 2289-0246 제작된완성된프로토타입속도제한표시기의동작원리는센서감지부에서감지된눈, 비, 안개의량에따라기준속도의 100%, 80%,50% 로 3단계로가변표시되도록판단하는마이크로프로세서의구동에의해콘트롤러에신호를전달하고전광판은 100km, 80km,50km 와같은감속된속도제한을표시하게된다. 사고나공사와같은일이발생되는경우에는 pc나무선인터넷을통해공사중이나감속과같은문자를표출하도록설계되었다. 속도제한표시기는설치되는장소에따라적절한속도를선택지정하여표시할수있다. LED 표시장치를이용한시각적인효과로인해운전자들이사전에속도를감속하게하여차량추돌사고를미연에방지하는데효과적으로이용될것으로기대된다. 본연구에서제작된프로토타입가변속도표시장치는그림 8과같이 3단계로속도를표시하게설계되었다. 그림 8. 전광판동작 Fig. 8. LED display operation Ⅲ. 결론 본연구에서는레인센서와차량와이퍼시스템등을결합시킨기후변화에따른차량속도제한이기준속도의 100%, 80%,50% 로 3단계로가변표시되는 LED 전광판의프로토타입모델을제작하였다. LED 표시장치를이용한시각적인효과로인해운전자들이사전에속도를감속하게하여차량추돌사고를미연에방지하는데효과적으로이용될것으로기대된다. 향후연구과제로는제작된프로토타입모델의와이퍼시스템의크기를컴팩트하게축소시키는문제와안정적인직류전원공급문제에대한연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 이와같은문제가해결된다면고속도로와국도에서적용이가능할것으로기대된다. References [1] Youngjong Grand Bridge rear end collision Report, YONHAPNEWS,2015. 20. [2] Seohae Grand Bridge rear end collision Report, YONHAPNEWS,2006. [3] Sung Jai Choi, Design and Implementation of prototype Anti-disaster Remote control Robot Model using smart phone, The Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication(JIIBC), vol14, No.6. pp.221-227, 2014. http://dx.dogi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2014.14.6.221 [4] Behrouz A. Forouzan, " Data Communications and Networking", McGraw-Hill, 2008. [5] HanBack Electronic LTD, Ubiquitous Sensor NetworkSystem -53-
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