(Entertainment),,,,,,,
,, (,, )
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3, 4 5 6
[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 1999 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ]
[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ]
, (Entertainment), 1990,
, 1960,,,,,,
1960 2000, 60 2000 1,, 2 3
(Game) joy( ), Gehem (), () 2, (poker),,, 1 (Board Game),,, 2 - [ ]
1 2 3 2 (Sports Game) FIFA Baer's ( ), NBA,,,,, 1NBA (ea sports) 3DDR (Dance Dance revolution, Konami) 1 2FIFA2000 (ea sports) 3 (Arcade Game)
(namco, 80), (78), (78), (nintendo, 85), 4 (Action) / (Shooting)/ 3D 360 (81),, (83), (enix, 85), (capcom 95), (namco 95),,,(core 94) (Sir-Tech 80), (capcom 95), (2000) namco 95) (quake, idsoftware 94)
5 (Role Playing Game) (ultima, origin 80) (Diablo, blizzard 95) (bad blood), (The kingdom of the wind, nexon 96),, (lineage, nc soft 98),, 6 (Adventure Game) (: )
(: ) (red of entertainment 89),, (escape from monkey island, lucas arts, 90) ss, Colonel's be quest, King quest, Sam & max,, 7 (Simulation Game) (age of empires, micro soft 97) (rainbow six, red strom 98),,, - (blizzard 97), (blizzard 95),,,, (ccr, 98) - (command & conquer, ea 99),,, (idsoftware, 94),,,
, - (91),, (sim city, ea), - (elf 92), (piacarrot),,
2,, (On line), (Off line) 1, 1) 2) CD-ROM TV
(Nintendo Co,Ltd), (Sega Enterprise), NEC(NEC Home Electronics), (Sony Computer Entertainment Inc) 3) PC PC CD-ROM 4),,,, 2 1) :,, 2), (, ) 3)
(,, ) 4),, 5) : :,, 6) 7),, 8),,
3 :, (, ),,, (real time) (text), (MUD) Multi User Dimension Dungeon MUGMulti User Graphics MPOG(Multi Play Online Graphic Game)
2D 3D 1), ( 2) (Net work On line) ( ), PDA,
(1) - /,, 2001 (http://hangamenavercom/,, ),,,,,,, Web BrowserShockwave,
(2) (Multi Play) CD PC (3),,, 10,
1 3 1), (INTERACTIVE) - -
, [ 1] (LINEAR STUCTURE) (HIERACHICAL STUCTURE) (NEYWORK STUCTURE) [ 1] 4 2) (1),,,,,
(2) (3),, (4) (5) (6) (7),,
(8), (9) (10), 2 2D3D 2D 3D, (Game Design),,,,,,,, 1)
, 1-2 2) (1),, (2)
(3) (4) (5), (6),, 3, 3
,,, MIDI FM PCM FM PCM PCM 1) 5 2) 3)
30 5 1 4), RPG, 30 5), 4 / 1),,
,,, C, C++ C C, CPU (assembly) FD, ROM- PACK, CD 2) CPU,,, ROM,, PC,,
1,, [ 2] 1960 (1993),,,,,
( ), [ 2], 1),? " " " ",,,,,
,,,,,,,,, (1),,, '
6 (2),,,,,,,,,,, 7
,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,, -,,,,,,,,,,, /,,,,,,,,, (,,,, ),,, -,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [1] [1]
2 199411 YMCA 371%, 123%, 69%, 55%, TV, 1 [2] [2] (SORCE:1994 -YMCA) 1, TV, 2 3 4 (SORCE : ) 1, 2, TV 3 4 8 300
736%, 246% PC 20 166%, 10 386%, 5 32,6% (50 ) 9 34%, 24% PC 70%, 78%, 1 48%, 42%, 3 10%, 18% 10, 97 [3] 2000, 1 1997 :, 363 PC ( ) / 68 11 41 129 316 15
,,,, (Life Style) [ 3] 2000 : 687% 519% 481% 442 % 410% 158%
,,,,,
[ 4] [, (Electron)1880 1887 1895 1920 KDKA 1913 (Feedback Circuit) 1933 (FM) 19042 1907 2 (Grid) 3 (Audion) 1887 ( ) 20 1924 TV VTR 3 TV
1930,,,,,, TV 1934 EMI TV 1936 TV 1939 CBS, NBC TV TV 2 1940 2 1945 (ENIAC) 18000 3, 91m, 152m 1949 (EDSAC) 1951 I 1947,, 13, 15, 1962 TV
1964 1965 4 1968 1969 11 11 1970 19691020 1960 1962 (ARPA)19691025 1972 1970 1979 1981 IBM (PC) IBM PC 5150 8086 MS DOS 10 PC PC, IBM1982 IBM PC/XT
XT 1, 2, 3 ] 11
, 400, 2003 1,650, 99 2003 333% 98 4,580, 5 4675%, 200333,180, 2003 4, 15 [ 5],,
,,,,,, 12
, 21 1996,, PC
,,,,,,
2 1960 1960 80,,,
1 [5] 1958 1961 Baer s 1960 1970,, 1980,,,
1990 90 (1996),,,, 2000, PDA [ 6]
1) ASCII, 70,,, 1968 1970 1980, 1980,,,
1990 1990 90 2) (1),
1980, 2D 1990,,,, 2D 3D 3D, 3D,,,,,,, 2D 3D 4D (2)
CD-ROM, CD 2D 3D 3D 8 256 16 256, 8 256 16
,,,,,, PC, 3) 3, 3,
,
, 4, ( ) 5 ( ),,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,, ( :, ), 13 40,
1 ( ),,,,,,,, 20~30, PC 1958 1960 1972 (Atalli), PC PC PC LBE(Location Based Entertainment)
10,, [6]
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 (%) - 165 100 124 90 250 51
7 367% 1563 1425 14 64 40 7%, 267% 718(337%) 20 15 (334%), 30(202%), 40(97%), 50(30%) 411% (449%),PC(234%), (190%), (96%) PC ( PC) 16 250
[ 7] 1990 TV,,,,,, 70 PC
[ 7], 1) [ 8]
( ), RPG RPG,, 1 [ 9] 17 2), [ 10]
[ 10] 3) (communication),,,
[ 11] (1) (2) (3) (Community) Feed back
2 1) -,, 2)
,,, ( )
1,, 70~80,,, ( ), 1 70 80, 90 PC 2000,,,,
, [ 12] PC,, ( ) Reality,, CD
PC [ 12] (1 ) - (Digital Programed Data Processer 1) 1968 PC (2 ) 1976 8 2 1980 80 8, 84 IBMAT 2 (3) 1980 2,,, 80, 1982 (TIME ZONE,1982 On-line), 1984 (Rescue Raiders, 1984 Sir-tech),
,,, (Galaga,1984 Namco) 80 1985 88 MSX 1983 MSX MSX MSX, APPLE MSX APPLE, MSX2 1986 (1986, Konami), 1, MSX 1985 (Konami),,,
1986 1(1986, Koei) 1986 (Konami) 1987YS1,(Falcom- 2, ), 87,, MSX2 80 (4 ) 1990 6IBM IBM 16bit 90 IBM PC Loom,, 4,, 94 CD-ROM,,
, PC, 3D CD- ROM 1991 1 War Game, 1, 2, 2 2 C&C, 93 1 FPS(First Person shooter) 1 3D,,, LAN (5 ) 90 94 (WWW), TCP/IP
95 1, 2 1 1 C&C,, 2 [ 13] [ 13] MUDs : Datamonitor (2000) (96, ) (MUG, Multi User Graphic) 97 15% 4
97, NPC(Non-Player Character), 256, 4 98 2
[ 14] [ 14] : Datamonitor (2000),, 2001 PC, PC, (niche)
,, 18 [8] (2010) 8000 4000 ( ) 5000 ( ) 3000 3000 : < > 2, CD, CD-Rom PDA
19 1, IDC,,,, 1999 (134%) (96%), (52%), 2004 155%,,, 1999 09% IMF, KISDI (KISDI, 2000), 2004, 2004 24% 20,,,
[ 9] ( : ) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 300 450 632 719 867 1,086 18% 50% 404% 138% 206% 253% : (19891994), (19951998) 19981,086 605 398, PC 50 33 [9] PC [10] PC PC [ 11] 2000 57% PC Interactive, Pay per Play,,, Technology,
[10] PC 50 14% 398 35% 605 21% 33 17% [11] ( :, %) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 67 430 756 45 25% 8% 20% 35% 93 490 982 65 28% 14% 23% 44% 139 554 1,290 102 33% 13% 24% 57% 207 620 1,700 160 33% 12% 24% 57% 1,086 25% 1,298 20% 1,630 26% 2,085 28% 2,687 29% :, 6 64, 1,000 300 400 2
, [12] 11 1,000 12 2 420, 345, 235 9 1 580 3 1,300, 5 150 [12] ( : ) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Nintendo 1,542 3,463 4,405 5,681 4,825 4,666 3,337 Sega 498 758 1,605 3,019 3,432 3,731 3,618 SCE - - - - NS 3,250 5,280 2,020 4,221 6,010 8,700 8,257 11,647 12,235 :, 1997 ) SCE(Sony Computer Entertainment)1994 39,800 19,800 3 199 149 199 129, 1,490 990, 399 299, 399 299 12 3 <SCPH-5903>,,, 5
664 < 64> 25,000 9 19995 3 24995 199, 3 200 2 380 185 [13] ( ) : ) 1994 1995 1996 1997 30 200 1,300 2,000(19978 ) NS 200 500 780(19973 64 - - 185( ) 214( ) 260(, 3 ) :, 1997 : 199412, 199411, 6419966, 3 25,000 16,800 14995, 3,000 11 44,800,,, 3 3 500, 750 [ 13] 2000
21 NTT i 5 2000225 NTT 400,, 22 16, 80 [14] : (2000-2001)(200011) 016/018 3 SK 011n-top (017 ), 016 (018 ), LG 019 (khai)
[ 14]
2 [15],,,,,, [14],, 80% 23
[16] 1995 1996 1997 PC 350 390 114 % 350-103 % 780 900 154 % 1,050 167 % 3,820 3,900 21 % 4,480 149 % 40 50 250 % 56 120 % 4,990 5,240 50 % 5,936 133 % 1998 1999 [17] ( 2002 ) PC 420 (20%) 750 200 (227%) 1000 SW 4700 (32%) 9750 SW 1270 (11%) 2152 ( ) 13000 PC 6000 1999 12,050 1999 ( 200029) [15][ 16][17][18] [19]
24 [ : ] [18] [19] 382 P/C 235 113 20 P/C Multi-User Network Play, PC,, IMF
IMF PC 10, PC( ) 2001 10 PC PC [ 15] IMF, [ 15]
25 3, ( ), /,, [ 16],,, / Datamonitor(2000), 26 [ 16] $ / $ $ : $ : : Datamonitor (2000) 1) 45%, 35%, PC 15%, PC 45%, 1% 20022005 PC (30%), PC
(30%), (10% ), VR(Virtual Reality)(5% ), (5%), (20%) [ 17] [ 17] (2002~2005) VR 5% 1% PC 4~5% PC 15% 35% PC PC 10% 30% 30% 45% 20% 5% 97 : 106 ( : 56, : 50 ) : Coopers & Lybrand LLP 135%~140% 260 ( ) VR,, PC 117 Coopers & Lybrand LLP, 1997 106, 20022005 1997 135140% 260 VR,, PC 117 2),,
3 ( ), ( ) ( ) (1) / (Subscription) 3 ( ), 27,,,, NC,,,
28 (2) (Advertising) ',,, (3) (Online time), ADSL 3)
,,,
(, ), 1 1960 1960, 60
2 1970 1970,,, ( ) 3 1980 1980 (
),,,,,,,,,, 80
(Role Playing Game -RPG) '',,,, (monster) 4 1990, 1990 PC 1990 PC, 1980,
91 1(MicroProse) 2(Virgin Games) C&C, 90,, FPS(First Personal Shooting), 1 APPLE 92IBM-PC 3D, 93 1 FPS 1 3D,,, LAN,,,, FPS(First Personal Shooting), 1 APPLE 92IBM-PC
3D, 93 1 FPS 1 3D,,, LAN,, 5 2000 80 29,, 90,,,,,,
2~4,, 30
, 2, "Role-playing stragedy" 399 ECTS, 4 2, 3, Full 3D graphics engine Rob Pardo, Warcraft IIIproducer, senior "role-playing strategy game",,,,,
31,,,, 2000 PDA, (,, ) ( PDA 10 )
( ) 2000,
,, [ 18]
,,,,,, [ 18],,,,,
( ),,,
PC,, [ 19], 3,,,, [ 19]
[ 20],,, [ 20]
,
[ 21] [ 22] PC
,,,, 90 TV TV TV TV DVD TV
[ 21][ 22],,
-,, 1997 ' '-, ' '-,, - 1998 - Welcome to 2000-21 1999-2000 - W 1998 - (The Study of Game Design Method) - 3D - AK, 1996-1998 - 1999-1994 RPG Interactive Fantasy -, " PC 7 PC GAME MAGAZINE 10 1998-2000 - 1999 - (BSI) 2001-2001 2001 - ETRI - 2001-1998 - 1996 - : 1950-1990 1995
- 1993 - TV : 2000 - : 1990 2000 - : (PBourdieu) 1999 - : 1998 - : 1997-2001 - 2001-2001 - 2001-3 2001 - MEWAP 2001 - PC 2001-2000 - 2000-21 2000 - : 2000 - : 2000-2000 6591
By Park, Eun-Jeong Dept of Digital Media Design Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University Seoul, Korea As computers penetrate in our lives, electronic games take a certain portion in our pastime Nowadays electronic games became a core part of IT industry, as the domestic game market expands rapidly As traditional games were changed into electronic games, there aroused many new aspects, such as new contents, forms, methods and etc in games And the current forms of games appeared as a result The development of electronic games accompanies with the developments of game contents, various scenarios, game graphic, sounds, software technology and environmental changes in our culture This study aims to investigate how electronic games has developed with related factors since its beginning and predict the direction of future development of electronic games For this purpose, this study lists well-know games in each genre, analyzes how electronic games has developed in the relationship with cultural, economical and technical factors, and predicts the directions of games in each factors
In cultural aspect, electronic games took large portion of our leisure culture and their function of communication resulted in the virtual community In technical aspect, the development of electronic games accompanied with the development of software and hardware technology and the social aspect of games caused the development of communication technology In economical aspect, the digitalization of electronic games provoked the dramatic development of game development process and distribution system, the game software market expanded, the pattern of consumption became individualized Those facts made the game market become the important part of digital industry Nowadays, electronic games are utilized for many usages of contents, such as education, culture, therapy and so on, not only entertainment We may predict that the gameplay of electronic games will not be just a way of entertainment but also living space as important as real social life in the future
1 [ 1] 2 [ 2] 3 [ ( )] 4 [ ( )] 5 [ ( )] 6,,
6 / / (97) motor race / ea sports (80) (81) DDR / dance dance revolution / konami (83) donkey kong / nintendo (85) dragon quest / enix (80) (92) / elf 2 (92) / duen 2 (95) / koei (95) Diablo / blizzard 2 (2000) Diablo / blizzard (78) (83) rockman / Capcom (98) / lineage / nc soft (98)/ rainbow six / red strom / (99)/ Garam & Baram (78) 91 (78) (80) / biohazard / capcom Baer s bad blood (98)/ bit mania / konami (96) the kingdom of the wind / nexon (1961) dec (78) (85) super Mario / Nintendo 1 (86) / Koei (87) / street fight / capcom (95) star gladiator / capcom (98) star craft / blizzard (99) / codinet sam & magic sim city / ea Sims Maxis (80) / Sir-Tech / NBA / ea sports / 89~02 (80 ) ultima / origin (83) / Jaleco / ea (90) / escape from monkey island / lucas arts (95) war craft / blizzard
(97) / age of empires / micro soft (97) ultima / ea (72) (80) /namco FIFA2000 / ea sports / 94~02 (98) / fortress / ccr (87) final fantasy / square, (1959) (95) tekken / namco (2000) / 1000y / actoz / / Flight Simulator / micro soft (91), piacarrot / ( F&C) / 96 poket monster / (94) quake / idsoftware ( ) (99) / command & conquer / ea (98)/ commandos / pyrostudios (82) (1986) (94) tomb raider / core
s - (Park Eun Jeong) - 178-2 - 011-9873-1419 E - mail - eun26@hotmailcom - 197022 199103~199502 199608~199908 199908~200202 -, : -, - :, 199603~200008 - GUI : GUI Design 200008~ - :Information Design 200103~200202 - : (1960 ~2000 )