Vol. 30(4):419-426 Ocean and Polar Research December 2008 Article 남해거제도장목만에서부유성섬모충의시기별분포특성 ½ Á * w w ûw (656-830) û 391 Temporal Distribution of Planktonic Ciliates in Jangmok Bay, South Coast of Korea Young-Ok Kim * and Min-Chul Jang South Sea Institute, KORDI Geoje 656-830, Korea Abstract : Ciliate plankton samples were collected biweekly from July 2006 to June 2008 in Jangmok Bay of Geoje Island. Species composition and abundances were analyzed by quantitative protargol stain and environmental parameters were also examined. A total of 88 ciliate species occurred during the study period, consisting of 22 tintinnids, 51 oligotrichs, and 15 other species. Higher ciliate abundances appeared from June to October during the warm season (>20 o C) and the maximum (4.0 10 4 cells L ) in August, while the lower abundances were found during the cold season. The minimun ciliate abundance was found in November when water temperature rapidly decreased. The temporal succession of dominant species was very clear and opportunistic. Pelagostrombidium sp., Tontonia simplicidens, Helicostomella subulata, and Myrionecta rubra were co-dominant in summer while Rimostrombidium orientale occurred abundantly in winter. Strombidium tressum and S. compressum, eurythermal species, were observed during all seasons. Based on the species-specific ecology of ciliate plankton, it is suggested that the indicative ciliate species can be applied as a biological tool to detect environmental change in the southern coastal waters of korea. Key words : ciliate plankton, ecological characteristics, Jangmok Bay 1. 서론 v jm š (microbial loop) z w (Porter et al. 1985; Bernard and Rassoulzadegan 1990). v jm ü» w w (tintinnids) w w ƒ 1980 z (Yoo et al. 1988; Yoo and Kim 1990),,», *Corresponding author. E-mail : yokim@kordi.re.kr w ü kw wì (Yoo and Lee 1987; Jeong 1988; 2001). z ûw, w, w w e sƒ š ü e y (Lee and Kim 1999; Lee and Kim 2000). wr v jm w s (oligotrichs) s š» xk w., ƒ xw wš sww e e t (Lee and Choi 2000; 2000, 2002; 2003). x ¾
420 Kim, Y.-O. and Jang, M.-C. sww v jm p š w kw û w w š w üw ƒ w (½ 2003). üw xw v jm x q w x» y, yw, w y x y y ƒ w w z» l w t y y jš w. 2. 재료및방법» 2006 7 l 2008 6 ¾ 2 2z x w (Fig. 1). td ( 0.5 m) Van Dorn» w w w z v p (300 ml) Bouin's soln. ƒ 5%ƒ wš glacial acetic acid ƒ 1%ƒ w. z, w vƒ 300 ml w s š w. š x w, w. Bouin's soln. š Quatitative Protargol Stain w v jm s mw w (Montagnes and Lynn 1987), v q p z, Ÿwx š (400/1000 ) w w w z wš s w. v jm x s w e y,, ph CTD (Idronaut, Ocean Seven 319) YSI(Model 6600) w d w. v jm e q w» w j» z (<3 µm, 3-20 µm, >20 µm) -a m w d w. 3. 결과및토의 w y 2006 7 l 2008 6 ¾ 2 y x w p ùkþ. 7 10 ¾ 20 o C š» w 1 3 ¾ 10 o C w ùkþš 4 6 ƒ ƒw x w y (Fig. 2). š 2006 8 2007 8 29 o C 28 o C ƒƒ» wš 2007 1 2008 2 7.6 o C 5.5 o Cƒ ƒƒ d.» (2006-2007 ) ƒ z» (2007-2008 ) w 1 o C». y y š» û» s (r= 0.618, p<0.05) x T-S sql ùkþ. 2006 7 2007 9 20.1 psu 25.8 psu û j s ƒ» w (½ 2007).» w ƒw 2007 1 33.2 psu 2008 1 33.6 psu ƒƒ še» w.» û (5-6 mg L ) w j s w 2006 7 2007 10 wš z» 1 l 5 ¾ 8-12 mg L š ü w.» 2006 7 8 ph s @us 5 gy xu s g u u Dg sy w 6g r Aq vq C xg p @us Tqy gx itg sq u g q qy q g q g p gxu u u Dg sy w 6g
Temporal Distribution of Ciliate Plankton in Jangmok Bay 421 2006 5 ph 7.2. ph y y (r= 0.400, p<0.05) ùkþ (Fig. 3). -a y, š» û û y (r=0.403, p<0.001) ùkþ. 2006 7 2007 5» 2007 6 l 2008 6 ¾ z» ƒ. j» z @us! Tqy gx itg sq u pu xˆqp sq g p B u Dg sy w 6g @us " Tqy gx itg sq u i iq g u r itx t xx C r ui xg w 0! µy g xg w! µy g p yui xg w 2 µy u Dg sy w 6g, 3 µm w v jm s w z -a 2006 w 2007 p 2007 6 10 4.7 µg L 3.0 µg L š ƒ š 2008 1 2 -a 50% w. v jm 3-20 µm z 2006 10 ƒw 2007 1 7 3.0 µg L š ƒ d š 2006 w 10 2 µg L ƒƒ. 2006 8 2007 1 -a 80% 3-20 µm z w. 20 µm z 2006 10, 2007 7, 8 10 š 2008 5 2.5 µg L š ƒƒ» w (Fig. 4A, B). x 2006 7 l 2008 6 ¾ v jm x 91 ƒ ƒ 22, ƒ 51,»k 15 (Table 1).» x y w p v jm x w (r=0.641, p<0.05, n=43) (Fig. 5). š» 6-10 ¾ 10 w ù» 10 w x (Fig. 6A). x y š» x ƒƒ k w w» 1 2 sw p ùk þ. š» x ƒ ƒ w» x x (Fig. 6B). Strombidium ƒ 31 wš Tintinnopsis ƒ 9 k (genus) w ƒ xw x ü w p wš. x» yƒ v jm 7-9 š» 2.0 k» (Fig. 7).» v jm x y w 6 10 ¾ 20 o C š» 11 3 ¾» 1.0Ü10 4 cells L w ƒ. p 2006 11 150 cells L e w z 15 o C w» 1 4 ¾ 1.0Ü10 4 cells L w s
422 Kim, Y.-O. and Jang, M.-C. Table 1. List of planktonic ciliate species occurred from in Jangmok Bay from July 2006 to July 2008 Oligotrichs Tintinnids Cyrtostrombidium boreale Amphorellopsis acuta Cyrtostrombidium wailesi Dadayiella ganymedes Laboea strobila Eutintinnus lususundae Lohmaniella oviformis Eutintinnus tubulosus Omegastrombidium kahli Favella ehrenbergii Parastrombidium sp. Favella taraikaensis Pelagostrombidium spiralis Helicostomella subulata Pelagostrombidium sp. Leprotintinnus neriticus Rimostrombidium conicum Salpingella laminata Rimostrombidium orientale Salpingella subconica Rimostrombidium multinucleatum Stenosemella nivalis Rimostrombidium undinum Stenosemella ventricosa Rimostrombidium sp. Tintinndinium muscicola Spirotontonia grandis Tintinnopsis baltica Strombidinopsis acuminata Tintinnopsis beroidea Strombidinopsis batos Tintinnopsis corniger Strombidinopsis chilhorax Tintinnopsis cylindrica Strombidinopsis jeokjo Tintinnopsis nana Strombidinopsis minima Tintinnopsis radix Strombidinopsis sp. Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Strombidium acutum Tintinnopsis sp.1 Strombidium bilobum Tintinnopsis sp.2 Strombidium capitatum Strombidium compressum Others Strombidium conicum Askenesia sp. Strombidium constrictum Balanion sp. Strombidium dalum Cyclotrichium sp. Strombidium epidenum Didinium gargantua Strombidium inclinatum Euploteus sp. Strombidium globosaneum Holophrya sp.1 Strombidium rapulum Holophrya sp.2 Strombidium siculum Monodinium balbianii Strombidium sulcatum Myrionecta rubra Strombidium taylori Tiarina fusus Strombidium tressum Uronema sp.1 Strombidium ventropinum Uronema sp.2 Strombidium wulffi Urotricha sp. Strombidium spp. (10 unidentified spp.) Tontonia corunuta Tontonia poopsia Tontonia simplicidens Tontonia tubinata Vorticella sp. Unknown ciliate sp. @us # Sig q s gy g p xu qg i qxg u r tq yhq r iuxug q qiuq g p g q qy q g q @us $ Tqy gx itg sq u gx yhq r iuxug q qiuq 5 g p tq yhq r qiuq u iuxug q s xus uit u u up g p tq (Fig. 8). w 11 7 o C j s» ƒ j w e. 2007 8 4.0Ü10 4 cells L wš» -a 20 µm z e.» xw w Myrionecta rubra -a ƒ e vs
Temporal Distribution of Ciliate Plankton in Jangmok Bay 423 @us % Tqy gx itg sq u puˆq u u pq r iuxug q i yy u u Dg sy w 6g @us & Tqy gx itg sq u gx gh pg iq r iuxug q xg w u Dg sy w 6g w w, M. rubra sü wš v jm wì -a ƒ» w š q. v jm l ù x v jm s w š (Pierce and Turner 1992). š» ƒw» v jm š» ƒw w. y v jm ƒ 1,000 cells L 2z xw w.» v jm» (2 ) w p š» xw (Fig. 9-1, 9-2). 2006 7 x Tintinnopsis nanaƒ w 2007 8, 2008 6 6-8 w q. T. nana 2006 7 Strombidium bilobum Helicostomella subulata, 29 C¾ o w 2006 8 x Pelagostrombidium @us ' Tqy gx itg sq u gh pg iq r p yu g iuxug q qiuq u Dg sy w 6g sp.ƒ xw 10 ¾ s. P. sp. 2007» w š» xw t q. Myrionecta rubra š» 2006 9 š (1.0Ü10 4 cells L ) w 2007 8 P. sp. wì š» w q. 7-9 š» w Tontonia simplicidens, Strombidium dalum Helicostomella subulata (Fig. 8). š»» xw Strombidium tressum Strombidium compressum Ÿ q, xw v jm w» š s Rimostrombidium orientale 2007 2008 1-2 w.» y y w. yƒ Pelagostrombidium sp., Myrionecta rubra, Tontonia simplicidens, Helicostomella subulata,» xw Rimostrombidium orientale
424 Kim, Y.-O. and Jang, M.-C. @us ' Tqy gx itg sq u gh pg iq r p yu g iuxug q qiuq u Dg sy w 6g. P. sp. Strombidium bilobum š, ph Stombidium inclinatum š l s w t š (Fenchel and Jonsson 1988; Montagnes et al. 1990). l» w w ph w w S. inclinatum y š w. -a M. rubra H. subulataƒ ùkü (Table 2). M. rubra s j»ƒ 20 µm -a w wš 20 µm z -a k w w. v (oral diameter) 40-45% w j» w w š š (Spittler 1973; Heinbokel 1978). š w w w H. subulata v 21-23 µm j» 10 µm wƒ k w H. subulata 20 µm z -a s y w w». ƒ w e k y œ z mw v ƒ. Tintinnopsis nana y y w w š» 8 š (1.0Ü10 6 cells L )ƒ. T. nana s 18 µm x 7 µm w l v jm z w l» š sƒ š (½ 2007; Kim et al. 2007). k» l w š» x š q. Helicostomella subulata ü w xw, sw, w w x š (Lee and Kim 1999, 2000; Kim et al. 2007; ½ 2007). xk p yw š» v (lorica) (oral margin) e(oral teeth)ƒ y» xw eƒ ü xk ƒ (Alder 1999). H. subulata š» xw eƒ y xk p. Myrionecta rubra w, yy, w w sƒ» ( 2004; Kim et al. 2007; ½ 2007). s v jm s ql ew ƒ sw š v jm» Tghxq Rqxg u tu hq qq tq gh pg iq r p yu g iuxug q qiuq g p q ˆu yq g gyq q Temperature Salinity ph chlorophyll a (>20 µm) Pelagostrombidium sp. 0.531 0.599 Myrionecta rubra 0.412 0.564 Tontonia simplicidens 0.350 Helicostomella subulata 0.338 0.539 Rimostrombidium orientale 0.403 Strombidium bilobum 0.553 Amphorellopsis acuta 0.633 Strombidium inclinatum 0.495
Temporal Distribution of Ciliate Plankton in Jangmok Bay 425 w v jm kw œ w» w wš (Kim et al. 2007). w M. rubra ³ r v jm sw 20 µm -a z ww. Strombidium tressum Ÿ w» xw 2007 4 1.0 Ü10 4 cells L ƒ, w 2006 4 1.0Ü10 5 cells L š x š š(½ 2007), w 2000 5» (½ 2003). S. tressum q k xw wz y ³ w. Strombidium dalum x 2007 2008 5-6. 2000 3 š w š» 8 5,400 cells L ƒ» š» l š ƒ ew w w wš ( 2004). ww S. dalum» 1-2 w» xw q. Tontonia y ƒ w š š (Dale 1991). ü Tontonia simplicidens 4 üd d w s t y ü (½ 2007). l w š ( 2008). 6-9 T. simplicidensƒ xw w wš. Tontonia sü û w yw w (Laval-Peuto and Rassoulzadegan 1988). w Tontonia ƒ¾ d ww xw» û d œ s e ewš ( t ). T. simplicidens x w w ewš š w sw û w kw ey š q. 4. 결론 2006 7 l 2008 6 ¾ 2 2z mw v jm 88 ( 22, 51,»k 15 )ƒ. v jm 6 10 20 o C š» x s 2007 8 š (4.0Ü 10 4 cells L )» w.,» ƒ 11 û s» w ùkþ. v jm l s w»z w š l y w ƒ v jm w mw ƒ k» t w š w. v jm» w ùkü. w x w p Pelagostrombidium sp. Tintinnopsis nanaƒ t, xw Strombidium tressum, š û xw Rimostrombidium orientale» yƒ w. ü v jm kw œw z v jm» l mw ûw w y y w v jm t y w š. 사 사 2006 w» w w (F01-2006-000-10010-0) w. w w w ûw q š mw Ì. 참고문헌 ½, x,, t,. 2007. y(microbial loop) œ s v jm sp. 2007 w w w» x z œ w z. 374 p. ½ x,. 2003. û w. w w wz Õ Ö, 8, 59-69. ½. 2007. ks w w( wwx) e w. w w, BSPP07401-1917-1. 783 p. ½. 2004. w,û w w
426 Kim, Y.-O. and Jang, M.-C. v jm s. w w, w. 238 p.,». 2003.» II. x x v jm. w w wz Õ Ö, 8, 78-93. x,. 2001. w k. w y wz, 19, 25-36. t. 2008. v jm w e w w. w w, w. 166 p. w, ³, ½, ½ k,, ½,. 2000. û š w w. 3. 1997 r œ y. w w wz Õ Ö, 5, 37-46. w,, ½. 2002. û w w. 2. 1999 -ƒ r y. w w wz Õ Ö, 7, 140-147. Alder V.A. 1999. Tintinnoinea. p. 321-384. In: South Atlantic Zooplankton, ed. by D. Boltovskoy. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. Bernard, C. and F. Rassoulzadegan. 1990. Bacteria or microflagellates as a major food source for marine ciliates: possible implications for the microzooplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 64, 147-155. Dale, T. 1991. Pollution - Session summary. p. 113-114. In: Protozoa and their role in marine processes, ed. by P.C. Reid, C.M. Turley, and P.H. Burkill. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Fenchel, T. and P.R. Jonsson. 1988. The functional biology of Strombidium sulcatum, a marine oligotrich ciliate (Ciliophora, Oligotrichina). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 48, 1-15. Heinbokel, J.F. 1978. Studies on the functional role of tintinnids in the southern California Bight. I. Grazing and growth rates in laboratory cultures. Mar. Biol., 47, 177-189. Jeong, H.J. 1988. An ecological study on marine tintinnids (ciliated protozoa; Order Tintinnida) in Cheonsu Bay, Korea. Ms.D. Thesis Seoul University Korea. 60 p. Kim, Y.O., J. Chae, J.S. Hong, and P.G. Jang. 2007. Comparing the distribution of ciliate plankton in inner and outer areas of a harbor divided by an artificial breakwater. Mar. Environ. Res., 64, 38-53. Laval-Peuto, M. and F. Rassoulzadegan. 1988. Autofluorescence of marine planktonic Oligotrichina and other ciliates. Hydrobiologia, 159, 99-110. Lee, J.B. and Y.H. Kim. 1999. Distribution of tintinnids in the southern Korean waters, the Easr Sea, and the East China Sea in the summer of 1998. Bull. Mar. Res. Inst. Cheju Nat. Univ., 23, 29-38. Lee, J.B. and, Y.H. Kim. 2000. Taxonomical descriptions of tintinnids in the southern Korean waters, the East Sea and the East China Sea. Bull. Mar. Res. Inst. Cheju Nat. Univ., 24, 55-77. Lee, W.J. and J.K. Choi. 2000. The role of heterotrophic protists in the planktonic community of Kyeonggi Bay, Korea. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 35, 46-55. Montagnes, D.J.S. and D.H. Lynn. 1987. A quantitative protargol stain (QPS) for ciliates: method description and test of its quantitative nature. Mar. Microb. Food Webs, 2, 83-93. Montagnes, D.J.S., F.J.R. Taylor, and D.H. Lynn. 1990. Strombidium inclinatum n. sp. and a reassessment of Strombidium sulcatum Claparede and Lachmann (Ciliophora). J. Protozool., 37, 318-323. Pierce, R.W. and J.T. Turner. 1992. Ecology of planktonic ciliates in marine food webs. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 6, 139-181. Porter, K.G., E.B. Sherr, B.F. Sherr, M. Pace, and R.W. Sanders. 1985. Protozoa in planktonic food web. J. Protozool., 32, 409-415. Spittler, P. 1973. Feeding experiments with tintinnids. Oikos, suppl., 15, 128-132. Yoo, K.I., D.Y. Kim, and Y.O. Kim. 1988. Taxonomical studies on tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliata) in Korean coastal waters. 1. Chinhae Bay. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 4, 67-90. Yoo, K.I. and Y.O. Kim. 1990. Taxonomical studies on tintinids (Protozoa: Ciliata) in Korean coastal waters 2. Yongil Bay. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 6, 87-122. Yoo, K.I. and J.B. Lee. 1987. On the trophic correlation between tintinnids and dinoflagellates in Masan Bay, Korea. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc., 20, 230-236. Received Nov. 4, 2008 Accepted Nov. 20, 2008