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대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(10):1527-1533 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.10.1527 Original Article 원시에서라섹수술의단기간임상결과분석 Short-Term Clinical Results of Hyperopic LASEK in Korean Patients 최세현 1 김성준 1 김미금 1,2 위원량 1,2 Se Hyun Choi, MD 1, Seong Joon Kim, MD 1, Mee Kum Kim, MD, PhD 1,2, Won Ryang Wee, MD, PhD 1,2 서울대학교의과대학서울대학교병원안과학교실 1, 서울대학교병원임상의학연구소서울인공안구센터 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine 1, Seoul, Korea Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital 2, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To evaluate short-term clinical outcomes following hyperopic laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) in Korean patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 eyes of 10 patients who underwent hyperopic LASEK between May 2005 and March 2013 in Seoul National University Hospital. Visual acuity and spherical equivalent were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. High order aberrations and contrast sensitivity were measured before and 3 months after the operation. Alternative prism cover test (APCT) was performed both preoperatively with correction and postoperatively without correction. Results: The mean age of patients was 32 ± 11 years and the mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -2.95 ± 1.24 diopters (D). Uncorrected visual acuities were log MAR +0.17 ± 0.15 and log MAR +0.14 ± 0.15 at postoperative 1 month and 3 months, respectively and showed no significant difference in best corrected visual acuity (+0.25 ± 0.30). Spherical equivalent was -0.22 ± 1.22 D at 1 month and 0.38 ± 0.91 D at 3 months postoperatively. In 6 patients who had esotropia before the operation, APCT was 7.83 ± 3.60 prism diopters (PD) esotropia at distance with correction preoperatively and 4.67 ± 5.65 PD at distance without correction postoperatively. Three patients (16.7%) showed delayed wound healing with 1 (5.56 %) having persistent corneal opacity without significant visual loss. Conclusions: The effect of LASEK may be comparable for correcting hyperopia and esotropia when compared with the effect of LASIK in previous reports; however, delayed wound healing may be a concern. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(10):1527-1533 Key Words: Accommodative esotropia, Hyperopia, LASEK, Strabismus, VISX S4 근시교정의수술적치료로굴절교정레이저각막절제술 (photorefractive keratectomy, PRK) 1, 레이저각막절삭가공성형술 (laser in situ Keratomileusis, LASIK) 2 이개발된이래, 현재까지근시에서는좋은성적이보고되고있으며, 3-7 Received: 2014. 11. 28. Revised: 2015. 6. 2. Accepted: 2015. 7. 31. Address reprint requests to Mee Kum Kim, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: 82-2-2072-2665, Fax: 82-2-741-3187 E-mail: kmk9@snu.ac.kr PRK와 LASIK의단점 8,9 을보완하기위한레이저각막상피절삭가공성형술 (laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis, LASEK) 또한이후개발되어근시에서그유용성을인정받고있다. 10-12 최근근시뿐만아니라원시환자에서도 LASIK 및 PRK가효과적임이보고되었으며 13-15 원시교정을위한 LASEK 시술의보고도있으나 16-18 아직그수가적으며관찰기간이짧고, 현재까지 VISX S4를이용한원시라섹시술결과보고는없다. 또한저자들이조사한바에따르면아직국내에서도원시환자에서의굴절교정술결과에대해보고된적이없다. 특히조절내사시환자에서고전적인치료방법은안경 c2015 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1527

- 대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 10 호 - 이나렌즈를통해굴절이상을교정하고남은사시각에대하여사시수술을시행하는것이지만, 대부분의환자에서성인이되어서도평생안경착용이필요하다. 19,20 이경우미용적목적으로원시안경을벗기원하는성인환자가많기때문에원시교정을위한굴절수술의필요성이대두되고있다. 또한최근원시가동반된조절내사시환자에서굴절교정수술후사시각감소및입체시호전등좋은효과가보고되고있으나, 21-24 국내에는역시보고가없다. 이에저자들은본연구에서원시환자에서 VISX S4 레이저를이용하여시행한 LASEK의단기임상성적을보고하고, 이중조절내사시를가진환자의 LASEK의임상성적을포함해사시에대한효과도분석하고자하였다. 대상과방법 본연구는헬싱키선언을준수하여시행되었고, 서울대학교병원임상시험심사위원회의심의및후속승인을받았다. 2005년 5월부터 2013년 3월까지서울대학교병원안과에서원시를진단받고 LASEK 수술을받은환자중최소 1개월이상경과관찰된 10명 18안을대상으로의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 시술전에각막에병변이있거나, 켈로이드체질, 녹내장의병력, 망막의이상이있으면수술에서제외되었기때문에 LASEK 수술을시행받은모든환자가제외없이포함되었다. 모든환자에서수술전나안시력과최대교정시력을측정하였으며, 현성굴절검사, 세극등현미경검사, 사시검사, 파면측정기 (Wavescan Wavefront system, VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA), 각막지형도 (Orbscan Ⅱ, Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA), 및대비감도검사 (VCTS 6500, Vistech Consultants Inc., Dayton, OH, USA) 를시행하였다. 사시각은안경교정상태에서원거리사시각및근거리사시각을교대가림검사법으로측정하였다. 모든 LASEK 시술은단일술자 (MKK) 에의해 VISX사의 STAR S4 system을이용하였으며, wavefront guided LASEK 의경우 CustomVue 방식을이용하여시행되었다. 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% 점안액 (Alcaine R, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 점안마취하에이루어졌으며, 9.0 mm 직경의 trephine (K2-7810, Katena Products Inc., Denville, NJ, USA) 으로상피세포층에자국을낸후 20% 알코올용액을 30초간점적한후평형염액으로충분히세척하였다. 이후 epithelial micro-hoe (K3-1840, Katena Products Inc.) 로각막상피를박리한후엑시머레이저 (VISX Star S4, VISX Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) 로절삭하였다. 각막기질을평 형염액으로세척한후상피절편은제거하였다. 렌즈기본만곡도 8.80 mm의치료용콘택트렌즈 (ACUVUE, OASYS, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA) 를재상피화가완전하게일어날때까지착용시켰다. 0.5% Levofloxacin (Cravit, Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 은각막상피가치유될때까지, 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (kynex 2, Alcon Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea) 는수술후 6개월까지하루 4번사용하였다. 각막혼탁및퇴행을억제하기위해 0.1% fluorometholone (FLAREX, Alcon Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea) 을 3개월까지하루 4번사용하였다. 재상피화속도를분석하였고, 술후혼탁의합병증이없는지확인하였다. 1명 2안은수술후 1개월, 나머지 9명 16 안은수술후 3개월이상경과관찰하였다. 수술후 1개월및 3개월째나안시력및구면렌즈대응치를측정하였으며, 고위수차및대비감도는술후 3개월째에측정하였다. 수술후 1개월및 3개월째시력변화의효율성지표 (Efficacy index, EI) 를측정하였다. 효율성지표는수술전최대교정시력에비해수술후나안시력이같거나더좋은경우로정의하였고 (EI 1.0), 효율성지표가 1.0 이상인경우의백분율을구하였다. 사시검사는나안상태에서정위의원거리사시각과, 근거리사시각을측정하여, 술전의안경교정후정위의원거리사시각및근거리사시각과의차이를분석하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS 프로그램 (SPSS 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하였으며 p값이 0.05 미만일때통계적으로유의하다고판단하였다. 수술전후시력, 구면렌즈대응치, 고위수차, 대비감도및사시각의비교는 paired t-test 및 Wilcoxon test를이용하였다. 결과 환자들의평균연령은 32 ± 11세였으며, 성별은남자 2명, 여자 8명이었다. 총 8명 14안에서 LASEK 수술을, 총 2명 4안에서 custom LASEK 수술을시행하였다. 술전나안시력의 logmar 는평균 +0.25 ± 0.30, 최대교정시력의 logmar 는 +0.05 ± 0.15였고, 술전구면렌즈대응치는평균 2.95 ± 1.24디옵터였다. 수술전 1명의환자에서외사시, 6명의환자에서내사시가있었으며, 3명의환자는정위였다. 수술전동공크기는평균 4.33 ± 0.71 mm였다 (Table 1). 술후굴절교정의효과를보았을때, 나안시력의 logmar 는수술 1개월후, 3개월후각각 +0.17 ± 0.15, +0.14 ± 0.15로수술전 (+0.25 ± 0.30) 과통계적으로유의한차이가없었으며 (p = 0.27, 0.071, Fig. 1), 구면렌즈대응치는수술 1개월, 3개월후각각 -0.22 ± 1.22디옵터, 0.38 ± 0.91디옵터 1528

- 최세현외 : 원시에서라섹의단기간결과분석 - Figure 1. Visual acuity change preoperatively, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. The visual acuity was converted to decimal form after calculation of mean and standard deviation with log MAR visual acuity (no statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative 1 and 3 months). Figure 2. SE change preoperatively, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. SE = spherical equivalent. * p < 0.05, paired samples t-test. 로원시가효과적으로교정되었다 (p < 0.05, Fig. 2). 수술 1개월후 ±0.5디옵터이내는 44.4%, ±1.0디옵터이내는 72.2% 였으며, 수술 3개월후에는 ±0.5디옵터이내가 37.5%, ±1.0디옵터이내가 68.9% 였다 (Fig. 3). 효율성지표는술후 1개월, 3 개월에각각 28%, 44% 였다. 수술후동공크기의평균은 4.40 ± 0.43 mm로수술전과통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=0.247). 고위수차의변화를보면수술후 3개월째총고위수차, 코마는유의한차이가없었으며 (p=0.62, 0.68) 구면수차의값이통계적으로유의하게감소되었다 (p<0.01, Fig. 4). 수술전후대비감도검사상모든공간주파수영역에서정상범위내였으며, 술전후에통계적으로유의한변화는관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 5). 수술전내사시를보이던환자 6명에서수술전안경교 1529

- 대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 10 호 - Figure 3. Predictability. The percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D of intended correction. SE = spherical equivalent. 우수함을확인하였다. 술후합병증으로는지연창상회복및각막혼탁이있었다. 통상적으로수술후 10일째외래에서치료용렌즈를제거하였으며, 이때까지상처치유가완전하지않아렌즈를제거하지못한경우를지연창상회복으로, 각막혼탁이관찰된경우각막혼탁으로정의하였다. 3안 (16.7%) 에서지연창상회복을보였으며, 이중 1안 (5.56%) 에서경도이상의각막혼탁이지속되었다. 각막혼탁이발생한안에서수술후 3개월째 logmar 시력은 0.52로수술 3개월후시력의평균치 (+0.14 ± 0.15) 보다나빴으나, 수술전부터약시가있던눈으로해당환자의수술전최대교정시력 (logmar 0.52) 과는차이가없었다. 수술전각막지형도를이용한중심각막굴절력은정상회복군에서 47.13 ± 1.12D/ 45.50 ± 1.18D, 지연회복군에서 49.37 ± 2.58D/48.00 ± 2.34D 로통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 고 찰 Figure 4. Comparison of pre- and postoperative 3 months high order aberration values. HOA = high order aberration. * p < 0.05, paired samples t-test. Figure 5. Mean contrast sensitivity (in logarithmic scale) at pre- and postoperative 3 months. 정후사시각은 7.83 ± 3.60 prism diopter (PD) 였으며, 이는수술후나안시력으로측정한사시각인 4.67 ± 5.65PD와통계적으로차이를보이지않아 (p=0.25), 사시교정효과가 본연구에서저자들은평균 3.0디옵터이내의원시환자에서 LASEK 시술의단기임상성적이원시교정및내사시교정에효과적임을확인하였다. 그러나원시환자의경우술전나안시력이매우좋기때문에, 술후시력교정효율성은근시에비해현저히저하되었다. 기존연구에서굴절교정수술은원시의안전하고효과적인교정방법으로알려져있다. Leccisotti 25 는수술전평균최대교정 logmar 시력이 +0.07 ± 0.08, 평균구면렌즈대응치가 +3.41 ± 1.16D였던원시환자 413명, 800안을대상으로 Ziemer LDV Z2 femtosecond laser를이용하여원시 LASIK을시행하였으며, 수술후평균나안시력의 logmar 는 +0.16 ± 0.13, 안정성비교는 1.0, 효율성비교는 0.8이라는우수한성적을보고하였다. 또한 Tomita et al 26 은구면렌즈대응치가 +5.00D 이상인환자 28명 51안에서 Intralase femtosecond laser 및 Amaris excimer laser를이용하여 LASIK을시행하였으며, 수술전최대교정시력의 logmar 는 +0.02 ± 0.09, 수술 3개월및 6개월후나안시력의 logmar 는각각 +0.10 ± 0.12 및 +0.08 ± 0.12로측정되었고, 구면렌즈대응치는수술전 5.64 ± 0.93D에서수술후 3개월째 +0.14 ± 0.80D, 6개월째 +0.55 ± 1.09D로변화하였다. 또한수술후 6개월째 66.7% 에서 ± 0.50D 이내, 82.3% 에서 ±1.00D 이내의예측도를보여고도원시환자에서도효과적으로시행될수있다고발표하였다. 위의보고와같이라식은라섹에비해퇴행이적음을고려하고, 원시가근시보다퇴행이많음을고려할때, 라섹보다는라식이원시교정에유리한면이있을수있다. 하지만동양인은안구의크기가적 1530

- 최세현외 : 원시에서라섹의단기간결과분석 - 고, 특히원시환자또는사시가동반된원시환자의경우에는각막직경이작아라식절편의경계가매우윤부에근접하게되기때문에라식수술의시행이부담이될수있다. 이에비해라섹은절편을생성하지않으므로, 절삭부위가윤부에근접하기는하지만라식수술보다는윤부손상의위험이적다고판단되어본연구는원시환자를모두라섹으로시술하였다. 본연구는수술전구면렌즈대응치가 2.95 ± 1.24D로타연구와비교해보았을때비교적원시도수가낮은환자를대상으로이루어졌지만, 수술후 3개월째구면렌즈대응치는기존보고와큰차이가없어, 라섹도원시교정에라식과비슷한유용성을보임을확인하였다. 또한내사시교정효과가뛰어나환자들이미용적목적으로두꺼운원시렌즈를벗고자하는희망과원시렌즈를벗어도눈이몰리지않는다는만족도가잘충족되었다. 또한, 술후대비감도도수술전과차이가없고, 구면수차를포함한고도수차도줄거나비슷한수준으로술후시력의질은손상되지않았음을확인할수있었다. 그러나근시교정술과는달리중등도원시가있음에도불구하고, 환자의조절로술전나안시력이 1.2, 1.5인경우가매우많기때문에, 시력교정효율성은저하될수있음을환자에게미리주지시키고, 그부분에대한상의가술전에충분히논의되어야할것으로사료된다. 한편, 라식과달리라섹은창상회복의과정이있으며이과정이문제없이되어야술후혼탁등의합병증을줄일수있는데, 근시와달리원시에서는지연창상회복이 16.7% 의비교적높은비율로발생함을확인하였다. 이러한회복지연을유발할수있는원인으로본연구팀에서 case-series를보고하면서다음과같은가설을이미제시한바있다. 27 중심각막굴절력이높은경우더급격하게각막의구조적인변화가발생할수있다고알려져있으나 28 본연구에서중심각막굴절력은정상회복군에서 47.13 ± 1.12D/45.50 ± 1.18D, 지연회복군에서 49.37 ± 2.58D/48.00 ± 2.34D로차이가없었다. 상피하신경망은굴절교정수술후시간이경과함에따라원래의형태로재생되나, 재생후에도비정상적인분지등이관찰되기때문에완전한회복이되지않는것으로알려져있다. 29 이러한상피하신경망이중간-주변부각막에국한되어있기때문에중간-주변부각막을수술하는원시굴절교정술에서중심부각막에영향을주는근시환자에서의굴절교정술에비해신경망손상이발생할가능성이있고, 또한굴절교정수술후착용하는기본만곡도 8.80 mm의치료용렌즈가경사가가파른각막의중심부를오히려압박해서창상지연이발생하였을가능성도있다. 그러나창상의지연이발생한군과발생하지않은군모두같은렌즈를사용하였기때문에렌즈의기본만곡도가지연 창상의원인임은아직확실하지않다. 또한지연회복군에서의술전평균구면렌즈대응치는 3.79 ± 0.83D로정상회복군의구면렌즈대응치인 2.78 ± 1.26D와통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=0.205, t-test). 현재창상지연및이로인한혼탁의정확한원인은확실하게추정하기는어려우나, 최근저자의임상경험에의하면렌즈의기본만곡도를 8.80 mm에서 8.40 mm로변경한후에창상지연이발생하지않아서, 가파른각막에너무편평한렌즈를삽입하여부적합장착으로창상지연이발생했을가능성이위에제시한것중가장의심되고있다. 그러나창상지연의정확한원인규명을위해서는좀더추가적인연구가필요하다고하겠다. 임상가의입장에서창상의지연은각막혼탁을일으킬수있고, 이는시력저하를유발할수있기때문에원시교정시이러한합병증을항상염두에두고, 창상회복을도모하는치료의추가시행을고려해야할것으로사료된다. 본연구는원시교정을필요로하는환자가많지않아개체수가적은단점이있으며, 이에따라추가로대규모의전향적인연구를통해원시교정및사시교정에대한라섹수술의효용성을밝혀야할것이다. 그러나라섹도기존에보고된라식과더불어원시교정및내사시교정에효과적임을시사하는본논문은의의가있다고판단되며, 효율성지표가근시보다낮고, 창상치유의문제가발생할수도있음을제시하여원시굴절교정술시에술자가좀더관심을가져야할과정을알리는데기여를했다고사료된다. 참고문헌 1) McDonnell PJ, Moreira H, Clapham TN, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy for astigmatism. Initial clinical results. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:1370-3. 2) Saragoussi JJ, Abenhaim A, Hanna K. Keratomileusis in myopia. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 1989;233:67-94. 3) El-Maghraby A, Salah T, Waring GO 3rd, et al. Randomized bilateral comparison of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for 2.50 to 8.00 diopters of myopia. Ophthalmology 1999;106:447-57. 4) He L, Manche EE. Contralateral eye-to-eye comparison of wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015;133:51-9. 5) Shortt AJ, Allan BD, Evans JR. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:CD005135 6) Hersh PS, Brint SF, Maloney RK, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate to high myopia. A randomized prospective study. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1512-22; discussion 1522-3. 7) Han HS, Song JS, Kim HM. Long-term results of laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia. Korean J Ophthalmol 2000;14:1-6. 8) Lui MM, Silas MA, Fugishima H. Complications of photo- 1531

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- 최세현외 : 원시에서라섹의단기간결과분석 - = 국문초록 = 원시에서라섹수술의단기간임상결과분석 목적 : 원시환자에서라섹의단기임상성적을보고하고, 이중조절내사시를가진환자의라섹임상성적을포함해분석하고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 2005 년 5 월부터 2013 년 3 월까지서울대학교병원안과에서원시를진단받고라섹수술을받은환자중최소 1 개월이상경과관찰된 10 명 18 안을대상으로의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 수술후 1 개월및 3 개월째나안시력및구면렌즈대응치를측정하였으며, 고위수차및대비감도는술후 3 개월째에측정하였다. 술전의안경교정후정위의원거리사시각및근거리사시각과의차이를분석하였다. 결과 : 환자들의평균연령은 32 ± 11 세, 술전구면렌즈대응치는평균 2.95 ± 1.24 디옵터 (D) 였다. 나안시력의 logmar 는수술 1, 3 개월후각각 +0.17 ± 0.15, +0.14 ± 0.15 로수술전과통계적으로유의한차이가없었다. 구면렌즈대응치는수술 1, 3 개월후각각 -0.22 ± 1.22D, 0.38 ± 0.91D 로원시가효과적으로교정되었다. 수술전내사시가있던환자 6 명에서수술전교정후사시각은 7.83 ± 3.60 prism diopter (PD) 로수술후나안시력으로측정한사시각인 4.67 ± 5.65 PD 와통계적으로차이를보이지않았다. 합병증으로는 3 안 (16.7%) 에서지연창상회복을보였으며, 이중한안 (5.56%) 에서경도이상의각막혼탁이지속되었으나시력저하는없었다. 결론 : 라섹도기존에보고된라식에상응하는원시및사시교정효과를보이나창상지연에주의하여야한다. < 대한안과학회지 2015;56(10):1527-1533> 1533