한국유가공기술과학회지 Korean J. Dairy Sci. Technol. Vol. 32. No. 1, pp. 1~6(2014) Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease by Using Probiotics In Ok Lee and Sae Hun Kim* Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea Abstract Probiotics have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on human health. In particular, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains have gained considerable attention as major groups of probiotic bacteria that improve gastrointestinal health. However, emerging evidence suggests that probiotics offer benefits beyond those observed in the gut recent studies suggest that probiotics and/or their components exert favorable effects on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) pathogenesis such as decreasing intestinal permeability, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria growth, increasing the activity of alcohol metabolism enzymes, modulating the adaptive immune system, and suppressing fatty acid synthesis genes. In this review, we discuss the results of in vivo and in vitro studies that have examined the use of probiotics to prevent ALD, primarily focusing on those that explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of promising probiotic strains. The evidence presented in this review could help in screening for probiotic strains that have protective effects in ALD patients and in further elucidating the mechanisms of their actions. Keywords: alcohol, acetaldehyde, alcoholic liver disease, probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (alcohol).,,. WHO 250, (15~19 ) 32, 9% (Lee et al., 2012). * Corresponding author: Sae Hun Kim, Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3290-3055; Fax: +82-2-3290-3506, E-mail: saehkim@korea.ac.kr (alcoholic liver disease, ALD), (Kang, 2007). (alcoholic fatty liver), (alcoholic hepatitis), (alcoholic cirrhosis) (Park, 1995). 20 6.8, (Lee et al., 2012).. 1
2 한국유가공기술과학회지제 32 권제 1 호 (2014), (Lee et al., 2009; Mitchell et al., 1986)., (Lee et al., 2009; Tsukamoto and Towner, 1984; Lieber, 1991)..,..,. 2010 79%, 94.4% (Lee, 2012).. (probiotics). (lactic acid bacteria) (bifidobacterium),.,., (, 2005).. 1., 1) 20%, 80%.,. (alcohol dehydrogenase, ALD) (microsome) P-450 (cytochrome P-450 oxidase) (acetaldehyde). (aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH) (acetate) (Kang, 2007;, 2007:, 2003).,.. (, 2005). 2),, (Lee et al., 2009; Mitchell et al., 1986). (microtubule), (Lee et al., 2009; Lieber, 1991). 105 51 Cr-EDTA, (1.99±0.53%) (5.62±2.80%) (Kim et al., 2004). 3),., TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6., (, 2005).. 10 ( ) 50% dextrose, ( ) 50%. 2, 4, 8, 10,,. lactulose mannitol, Lactulose/mannitol (L/M)., 2
프로바이오틱스섭취를통한알코올성간질환의완화 3 L/M. 2., 4.,. 10 (councilman body)., (Keshavarzian et al., 2009). 4),..,, (Cho et al., 2001; Keshavarzian et al., 1994)., (Lee et al., 2009; Tsukamoto and Towner, 1984; Lieber, 1991). 5) (free radical) (Cho et al., 2001; Glueck et al., 1980; Figueroa et al., 1962; Aykac et al., 1985; Kang, 2007)., (Kang, 2007)., (Cho et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2009; Rouach et al., 1983). 2. 1), (, 2003; Lee et al., 2012).,, (Kim et al,. 2008; Fuller, 1989; Lee et al., 2012). (Kim et al., 2008; Smith, 1985)., (Lee et al., 2012). 2) tight junction protein ZO-1 tight junction protein,., Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG), tight junction protein,. Caco-2 5%, 10 9 CFU/mL LGG LGG TEER(transepithelial electrical resistance) LGG TEER. TEER LGG. In vivo LGG, LGG (Wang et al., 2011). 3).,., (Purohit et al., 2008). Lactobacillus acidophilus NP51 Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Peterson et al., 2007; Younts-Dahl et al., 2005), L. acidophilus LAP5 L. fermentum LF33 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Salmonella typhimurium 150
4 한국유가공기술과학회지제 32 권제 1 호 (2014) (Tsai et al., 2005). 4) ADH, ALDH,. ( ) Lactobacillus Bifidobacteruim,.,,,, 22% (3.0 g/kg B.W.),,, ADH., ALDH,., (Ahn et al., 2005). 3.,., ALT 41.2±4.1, 64.7±3.8, 44.7±5.3 IU/L. 2 AST ALT. AST ALT (Ahn et al., 2005). Han (Han et al., 2005) CCl 4 Lactobacillus brevis HY7401, Lactobacillus acidophilus CSG, Bifidobacterium longum HY8001, CCl 4 ALT AST. Lactobacillus brevis, RT-PCR SREBP-1, SREBP-2 TNF-α mrna,,., (Segawa et al., 2008). 2) 66. Bifidobacterium bifidum Lactobacillus plantarum 8PA3, ALT (49.84±6.94 U/L vs. 36.69±4.67 U/L), AST(101.06±4.33 U/L vs. 54.67 ±7.71 U/L), GGT(171.48±26.05 vs. 142.89±18.74 U/L) (Kirpich et al., 2008). 1) TNF-α. 5% 8, 2 LGG TNF-α, (Wang et al., 2013). 2, AST ALT, AST ALT.,, AST 88.7±6.5, 114.6±7.1, 94.0±55 IU/L,,.,,., ADH, ALDH,
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