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대한내과학회지 : 제 75 권제 5 호 2008 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍이동반된빈안장증후군 1 예 원광대학교의과대학내분비내과 최준호 박병현 조정구 Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency associated with empty sella syndrome Jun-Ho Choi, M.D., Byoung-Hyun Park, M.D. and Chung-Gu Jo, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency is an uncommon disorder for which the pathogenetic mechanism has not yet been identified. It has been reported that isolated ACTH deficiency (ICD) may be accompanied by deficiencies in other pituitary hormones; impaired growth hormone (GH) secretion was noted in 20 to 30% of ICD patients. Here, we describe a female patient with isolated ACTH deficiency accompanied by empty sella syndrome presenting as hypoglycemia, which was confirmed via various endocrine tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica. The patient s symptoms improved rapidly with prednisolone therapy and, during follow-up, her previously impaired GH response to provocative stimuli and high TSH levels were corrected by glucocorticoid replacement alone. However, treatment failed to normalize plasma IGF-1 levels, suggesting that physiological cortisol levels are necessary for a normal plasma GH response to provocative stimuli. (Korean J Med 75:597-601, 2008) Key Words: Empty sella syndrome; Isolated ACTH deficiency 서론빈안장증후군은불안전한안장가로막 (diaphragma sellae) 을통해거미막밑공간 (subarachnoid space) 이탈출하여안장내가뇌척수액으로채워지고뇌하수체는압축되고퇴화되는현상을말하며, 빈안장환자의 25~51% 에서는호르몬분비기능이상을동반하는데, 일반적으로선택적호르몬의분비기능이상을보이고, 이중고프로락틴혈증과성장호르몬의단독결핍은비교적흔한반면에부신피질자극호르몬이나갑상선자극호르몬의단독결핍은드물다 1, 2). 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍환자들의 20~30% 에서는성장호르몬분비이상이발견되고, 이는부신피질스테로이드대치요법후 정상화될수있다고알려져있다 3, 4). 빈안장과연관된부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍은드물게보고되어있고, 성장호르몬의감소와갑상선기능이상을함께동반한예는국내에서 1예의보고가있을뿐이다 5). 저자들은저혈당에의한의식혼미를주소로내원, 빈안장증후군과함꼐부신피질자극호르몬, 성장호르몬의감소와갑상선자극호르몬의증가를보인환자에서부신피질스테로이드보충후임상증상의개선과정상월경주기가회복되었으며추적복합뇌하수체자극검사에서성장호르몬의자극반응이부분적으로회복되고갑상선자극호르몬과 estradiol 이정상화된 1예를경험하여문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. Received: 2007. 6. 26 Accepted: 2007. 8. 16 Correspondence to: Byoung-Hyun Park, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, 344-2, shinyongdong, Iksan 570-180, Korea E-mail: parkbhmd@wonkwang.ac.kr *This research was supported by Wonkwang University in 2007. - 597 -

- The Korean Journal of Medicine: Vol. 75, No. 5, 2008 - Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica. (A) The T1-weighted sagittal image revealed an empty sella with intrasellar herniation of the optic chiasm. (B) The T2-weighted coronal image showed high signal intensity in the pituitary fossa, suggestive of an empty sella. Figure 2. 99m Tc-pertechnetate scan showed no abnormal activity in either lobe (RATU 4%). 증례환자 : 최 정, 여자, 44세주소 : 의식저하, 구토현병력 : 본환자는 5년전조기에폐경된이후체모의감소이외에특이증상없었으나, 내원 1~2 주전부터식욕부진과전신쇠약감있었고, 내원당일구토한뒤의식저하보여응급실내원하였다. 과거력 : 산과력에서과다출혈병력없이 2차례의임신과분만을하였고, 2회의자연유산병력이있었으며, 폐경은 39 세에시작되었다. 사회력 : 음주나흡연의경력은없었다. 진찰소견 : 내원시환자는신장 157 cm, 체중 48 kg로, 급성병색을보였고, 의식은혼미했다. 혈압은 120/80 mmhg, 맥박 70회 / 분, 호흡수 20회 / 분, 체온 36.5 이었다. 결막에빈혈소견이나공막에황달은없었고, 피부는하얀편이었으며, 음모와액모는전체적으로희박하였다. 두경부소견은정상이었고갑상선이나임파절은커져있지않았으며, 심장을포함한흉부에특이소견은없었다. 복부촉진상압통이나반발통은없었고, 장음은정상이었으며, 신경학적검사상뇌신경기능및건반사는정상이고시야결손도없었다. 검사소견 : 말초혈액검사에서혈색소 11.7 g/dl, 헤마토크리트 35%, 백혈구수 4320/mm 3, 혈소판 168,000/mm 3 이었고, 혈청생화학검사상혈당 26 mg/dl, BUN 2.03 mmol/l, Cr 45.7 umol/l, AST/ALT 30/10 U/L, 알칼리성포스파타제 118 U/L, 혈청전해질나트륨 / 칼륨농도는 142/4.2 mmol/l이었고, 심전도와소변검사는정상이었다. 내원시측정한 insulin, C-peptide는각각 uiu/ml, 0.062 ng/ml로감소되어있었다. 오전 8시의부신피질자극호르몬은 9.1 pg/ml, 코티솔 0.1 ug/dl, 레닌은 1 ng/ml/hr, 혈장알도스테론 0.027 nmol/l, IGF-1 76 ng/ml으로감소하였고, 황체형성호르몬이 7.05 IU/L, 난포자극호르몬 8.19 IU/L, estradiol 22.8 pmol/l도각각감소되었다. 갑상선기능검사에서갑상선자극호르몬 - 598 -

- Jun-Ho Choi, et al: Isolated ACTH deficiency and empty sella syndrome - Table 1. Results of combined pituitary stimulation tests Basal 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min Glucose (mg/dl) TSH (μiu/ml) GH (ng/ml) Prolactin (IU/L) LH (IU/L) FSH (IU/L) 80 13.42 9.1 15.78 6.37 9.61 29 31.57 6.6 39.41 17.44 12.23 86 26.94 8.7 30.99 15.17 11.67 43 24.79 8.1 27.9 15.58 12.55 105 18.36 7.5 18.69 12.53 10.88 ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GH, growth hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone. Table 2. Combined CRH & vasopressin stimulation tests -15 min 15 min 30 min 60 min 120 min 6.5 6.9 6.3 4.1 4.9 ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone. Table 3. Results of combined pituitary stimulation test after glucocorticoid replacement. Basal 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min Glucose (mg/dl) TSH (μiu/ml) GH (ng/ml) Prolactin (IU/L) LH (IU/L) FSH (IU/L) 61 4.3 9.0 0.6 4.38 5.06 3.01 38 1 8.5 4.5 9.7 34.51 7.04 8.5 11 3.7 8.9 25.56 5.62 58 6.29 12.2 2.3 4.94 14.2 4.01 80 5.57 9.9 1.9 4.46 ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GH, growth hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone;, not checked; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone 6.82 uiu/ml, 유리 T4 0.95 ng/dl이었고, 항갑상선글로불린항체및항마이크로소옴항체는음성이었고, 항뇌하수체항체는음성이었다. 복합뇌하수체자극검사에서코티솔과성장호르몬의반응이저하되어있었고, 갑상선자극호르몬은과장된반응을보였으며, 황체형성호르몬, 난포자극호르몬, 프로락틴은정상반응을보였다 ( 표 1). 복합부신피질자극호르몬유리호르몬및바소프렌신자극검사에서부신피질자극호르몬과코티솔반응이저하되어있었다 ( 표 2). 방사선학적검사 : 단순흉부방사선소견은정상이었고, sella MRI 에서뇌하수체와의확장과함께빈안장소견을보였다 ( 그림 1). 갑상선초음파에서갑상선크기는정상이었 고, 갑상선스캔 ( 99m Tc-pertechnate) 에서동위원소의섭취양상은정상이었다 (RATU 4%)( 그림 2). 치료및경과 : 환자는입원후 dextrose 정맥주사등의대증요법을시행하였고, prednisolone 5 mg를투여하여혈당이정상화되고의식회복과전신상태호전을보여퇴원하였다. 이후 prednisolone을 5개월간투약한후추적복합뇌하수체검사에서여전히부신피질자극호르몬과코티솔의기저치및자극반응은저하되어있었고, IGF-1 수치도 78 ng/ml로저하되어있었으나, 성장호르몬의자극반응은호전되었고, 갑상선기능검사도갑상선자극호르몬 4.3 uiu/ml, 유리 T4 1.5 ng/dl로정상화되었다 ( 표 3). 또한 estradiol 수치가 501-599 -

- 대한내과학회지 : 제 75 권제 5 호통권제 579 호 2008 - pg/ml로정상화되고월경주기가회복되었다. 현재경구 prednisolone 5 mg 투약하며외래추적관찰중에있다. 고찰빈안장증후군은 1951년 Busch 가 6) 내분비기능장애가없는 788명의환자의부검을통해뇌척수액이빈안장내에차서뇌하수체를압박하는빈안장증후군을처음으로기술하였고, 유병율은 6~10% 에이른다고보고하였다 7). 이는대개비만, 고혈압, 다산의과거력을가진중년의여성에서흔히나타나며, 두통을주증상으로하는데수술이나방사선치료등의외적요인없이발생한빈안장증후군을일차성빈안장증후군이라명명한다. 이의원인에대해서는여러가설이있는데, 안장가로막 (diaphragma sellae) 이선천적으로완전하지못한상태에서뇌압상승에의해빈안장내로지주막하공간 (subarachnoid space) 이탈출되어, 뇌척수액으로충만하고그압력으로빈안장의변형, 확장이일어나고뇌하수체가압축된다는설이지배적이다 8). 빈안장환자의 25~51% 에서는호르몬분비기능이상을동반하는데, 일반적으로는선택적호르몬분비기능이상을보이고, 이중고프로락틴혈증과성장호르몬의단독결핍은비교적흔한반면에부신피질자극호르몬이나갑상선자극호르몬의단독결핍은드물다. 1997년김등에의한국내보고에따르면 131명의일차성빈안장증후군에서뇌하수체복합기능검사상내분비학적이상은 25% 에서발견되었는데고프로락틴혈증이 (20%) 가장많았고, 다음으로는성장호르몬분비장애 (11.7%), 부신피질자극호르몬분비장애 (3.2%), 성선자극호르몬분비장애 (1.5%) 의순으로이상을보고하였다 9). 본증례와같이빈안장과연관된부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍은드물게보고되어있고, 성장호르몬감소와갑상선기능이상을함께동반한예는국내에서는 1예의보고가있을뿐이다 5). 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍의뚜렷한병인론과원발병소에대해서는아직명확히정립되어있지않지만크게세가지가설로설명되고있다. 첫째여성에서산후출혈후나타나는쉬한증후군일부에서의비특이적발현 10), 둘째, 시상하부성원인으로부신피질자극호르몬유리호르몬분비세포의생성및분비장애와이로인한뇌하수체부신피질자극호르몬의결핍 11), 셋째, 자가면역기전을들수있다 12). 부신피질자극호르몬과성장호르몬이결핍될때성인에서는성장호르몬저하에따른특이소견은잘관찰되지않으며, 부신피질자극호르몬결핍에의한임상양상이주로나타나는데 Stacpole 등의 13) 보고에따르면, 저혈당이 (56%) 가 장흔한검사소견이며, 이외에체중감소 (32%), 빈혈 (26%), 쇠약감및피로감 (26%), 체모감소 (16%), 저나트륨혈증 (9%) 등이보일수있다. 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍증환자를대상으로한국내보고에의하면임상양상은전신쇠약감, 피로감, 식욕부진, 체중감소와같은비특이적인증상이흔히나타났고, 이전보고와는달리저나트륨혈증 (77%) 이가장흔한검사소견이었으며, 그외저혈당증, 발열, 빈혈, 오심, 구토, 체모감소등을보였다 5). 본환자에서는저혈당증, 오심, 구토, 체모감소를보였다. 빈안장증후군과동반된기저내분비질환으로는뇌하수체선종이가장많았으며, 다음으로는쉬한증후군, 두개인두종, 뇌하수체경색, 중추성요붕증등이있다 9). 본증례의경우수술이나방사선치료의병력, 다산이나과다출혈의기왕력은없어원발성으로발생한것으로생각된다. Murakami 등 14) 은단독성부신피질자극호르몬결핍증환자에서동반된갑상선기능이상을조사하여, 절반이상에서혈장갑상선자극호르몬농도가증가했고, 갑상선기능이상을보인환자의 70% 이상에서부신피질스테로이드대치요법후정상기능으로회복됨을보고한바있다. 본증례에서도갑상선자극호르몬이높게측정되었으나, 갑상선종이없고, 갑상선자가항체가음성이며, 부신피질스테로이드보충치료후정상수준으로회복된점과유리 T4가정상인점은갑상선자극호르몬의증가가부신피질스테로이드결핍에의한이차적인현상인것으로생각된다. 황체형성호르몬과난포자극호르몬의기저치는폐경된상태임을고려할때다소저하되어있었으나성선자극호르몬유리호르몬에반응을보여이는절대적인결핍보다는이차적인분비억제로추정되며, 추후부신피질호르몬보충후에스트라디올이증가하고월경이재개된점은이를뒷받침한다고할수있겠으며, 코티솔이정상적인성선반응기능에중요한역할을할것으로보인다. 또한본환자에서는성장호르몬의결핍이함께동반되었는데, 성장호르몬의대치요법없이부신피질스테로이드단독요법으로인슐린양성장인자-1수치가정상화되지는않았으나성장호르몬의자극반응이일부회복됨으로보아생리적인수준의코티솔이성장호르몬의자극반응에도필요할것으로생각된다. 과거임상증례에서스테로이드투여후에성장호르몬분비가정상화된예들이보고되었지만 15), 본증례에서는스테로이드보충후의자극검사에서성장호르몬반응이호전되기는하였으나그반응이비교적미약하고 IGF-1 농도가여전히낮음으로성장호르몬결핍증이부분적으로동반되었을가능성이 - 600 -

- 최준호외 2 인 : 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍 - 있으며, 이에대해서는장기적인추적관찰이필요하다. Manser 등 16) 은부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍증환자의일부에서 renin의활성도및 mineralocorticoid 분비가감소되어있어서 Addison s disease 와비슷한임상양상및검사실소견을나타낸다고보고하였는데, 본환자도저레닌성저알도스테론증을보였으나피부나점막의색소침착이나전해질장애등은나타나지않아부신상부의원인으로생각된다. 빈안장증후군에서시야결손과함께시각교차탈출 (optic chiasmal herniation) 이동반되면실리콘판을이용한나비뼈경유수술 (transsphenoidal surgery) 의적응증이되는데본증례에서는 MRI 촬영을통해시각교차탈출을확인하였으나시야결손이없어추적관찰하기로하였다 17). 본증례의경과및예후에대해서는장기적관찰이필요할것으로보이며, 빈안장증후군과의관계에대해서도더많은증례수집과연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 요 저자들은저혈당에의한의식혼미를주소로내원, 빈안장증후군과함꼐부신피질자극호르몬, 성장호르몬의감소와갑상선자극호르몬의증가를보인환자에서부신피질스테로이드보충후임상증상의개선과정상월경주기가회복되었으며추적복합뇌하수체자극검사에서성장호르몬의자극반응이부분적으로회복되고갑상선자극호르몬과 estradiol 이정상화된 1예를경험하여문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 중심단어 : 부신피질자극호르몬단독결핍 ; 빈안장증후군 약 REFEREES 1) De Marinis L, Bonadonna S, Bianchi A, Maria G, Giustina A. Primary empty sella. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5471-5477, 2005 2) Gallardo E, Schachter D, Caceres E, Becker P, Collin E, Martinez C, Henriquez C. The empty sella: results of treatment in 76 successive cases and high frequency of endocrine and neurological disturbances. Clin Endocrinol 37:529-533, 1992 3) Hashimoto K, Nishioka T, Iyota K, Nakayama T, Itoh H, Takeda K, Takamatsu K, Numata Y, Ogasa T. Hyperresponsiveness of TSH and prolactin and impaired responsiveness of GH in Japanese patients with isolated ACTH deficiency. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 68:1096-1111, 1992 4) Yamamoto T, Fukuyama J, Hasegawa K, Sugiura M. Isolated corticotropin deficiency in adults: report of 10 cases and review of literature. Arch Intern Med 152:1705-1712, 1992 5) Oh EY, Kim BJ, Chung YJ, Kim DJ, Hahm JR, Chung JH, Min YK, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Clinical and hormonal analysis of five new cases and eight previously reported cases of isolated ACTH deficiency in Korea. J Korean Soc Endocrinol 14:568-577, 1999 6) Busch W. Morphology of sella turcica and its relation to the pituitary gland. Virchows Arch 320:437-458, 1951 7) Bjerre P. The empty sella: a reappraisal of etiology and pathogenesis. Acta Neurol Scand Supp 130:1-25, 1990 8) Brown JD, Kohut RI. Headache and the primary empty sella syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 112:883-885, 1986 9) Kim ES, Kim IJ, Moon YJ, Na SK, Nam SY, Lee EJ, Kim KR, Song YD, Lim SK, Lee HC, Huh KB. Primary empty sella syndrome. J Korean Soc Endocrinol 12:386-392, 1997 10) Stacpole PW, Kandell TW, Fisher WR. Primary empty sella, hyperprolactinemia, and isolated ACTH deficiency after postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Med 74:905-908, 1983 11) Woolf PD, Schalch DS. Hypopituitarism secondary to hypothalamic deficiency. Ann Intern Med 78:88-90, 1973 12) Stephens WP, Goddard KJ, Laing I, Adams JE. Isolated adrenocorticotrophin deficiency and empty sella associated with hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 22:771-776, 1985 13) Stacpole PW, Interlandi JW, Nicholson WE, Ravin D. Isolated ACTH deficiency: a heterogenous disorder: critical review and report of four new cases. Medicine 61:13-24, 1982 14) Murakami T, Wada S, Katayama Y, Nemoto Y, Kugai N, Nakata N. Thyroid dysfunction in isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. Endocr J 40:473-478, 1993 15) Hatazoe T, Murakami Y, Umaki I, Sohmiya M, Hu HY, Kato Y. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency associated with growth hormone deficiency and empty sella. Intern Med 34:688-691, 1995 16) Manser TJ, Estep H. Pseudo-Addison s disease: isolated corticotropin deficiency associated with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Arch Intern Med 146:996-997, 1986 17) Kubo S, Hasegawa H, Inui T, Tominaga S, Yoshimine T. Endonasal endoscpic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy with silicone plates for empty sella syndrome. Neurol Med Chir 45:428-432, 2005-601 -