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1 *. 152.,,,.,,,.,,,.,,. *. :,, 366 Tel : , pseudo@kcgu.ac.kr

2 ,,, ,867, ,954, ,887. (, 2011) ,065 (29.8%), 17,829 (7.1%), 17,285 (6.9%), 14,104 (5.6%), 10,992 (4.4%)(, 2011), (,,, Marsella,, 2002).,,,,, (, 2012;, 1995).,,,,, (Koyama, 2005),.,,, (, 1995,, 2005; Chu, Yeh, Klein, Alexander, & Miller, 1971; Furnham & Bochner, 1986).,, (Oei, & Notowidjojo, 1990; Hull, 1978; Klineberg & Hull, 1979) 15-25% (, 1995).,, (, MorrisTony,, 2013). 80% (Church, 1982),. (,, 2011), (, 2005).?,,,,,., Visani, Albieri, Offidani, Ottolini, Tomba

3 Ruin(2011). (,,, 2012), (Martinez & Dukes, 1997)., Radloff(1977) Rao(1979), (, 2000;, 2010;, 1996), (, 2009a;, 2007). (Oei et al., 1990)., (Pruitt, 1978). (Wei, Heppner, Mallen, Ku, Liao, & Wu, 2007; Wilton & Constantine, 2003; Ye, 2005; Ying, 2005)., Mehta(1998), U-Curve U (Lysgaard, 1995).. 1,. (Oei et al., 1990).,, Klineberg (1979), Mori(2000). (Furnham & Bochner, 1986), (Wan, Chapman., & Biggs, 1992). (Furnham et al., 1986). ( ). ( ).,,,,,

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5 , (Chavajay & Skowroenk, 2008; Gebhard, 2010; Hofmann, 2010; Kosic, 2004; Koyama, 2005; Lin & Yi, 1997; Wilton et al., 2003),., (,. 2007;, 2002;, 2011;, 2011), (, 1995), (, 2010;, 2009a;, 2009b). (, 2010),. ( ) Furnham (1986),.,,,.,,,,,, 210., , 18, 35,, 41, 152.,.,.,.

6 30,,., 1),,,.,,,, 5,,,,, 5. Schaufeli, Martínez, Pinto, Salanova Bakker(2002) MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey).,, 3 15.,,. (1 ) (5 ) 5,. Cronbach's α 1)..87. Sandhu (1994) ASSIS (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Student) (1995)., 36. 7,,,,, (,,, )..(1 ).(5 ) 5,. Cronbach's α.95. Ryff(1989) PWBS(Psychological Well- Being Scale), (2001) 18.,,,,, 6. (1 ) (5 ) 5,. Cronbach's α.83.

7 Diener, Emmoms, Larsen Griffin(1985) SWLS(Satisfaction With Life Scale) (1998), 5. (1 ) (5 ) 5. Cronbach's α.88. Radloff(1977) CES-D(Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale). CES-D (1 ), (1 2 ), (3 4 ), (5 7 ) 4,. Cronbach's α.83. Derogatis(1993) -53(Brief Symptoms Inventory) Cronbach's α.76.,,,,, (44.1%), 85 (55.9%). 140 (92.1%) ( ) ( ) 95%CI 67(44.1) 85(55.9) 140(92.1) 8( 5.3) 59(38.8) 6( 3.9) 84(55.3) 2( 1.3) 1( 0.7) 24.22(3.86) [23.66, 24.83] 4.76(3.16) [4.30, 5.28] 3.58(.85) [3.44, 3.72] 3.72(.88) [3.58, 3.87]

8 . 59 (38.8%), 84 (55.3%) ( 3.86 ), 20 28, 4.76 ( 3.16 ). 3.58(.85) 3.72(.88).., (r =.494, ρ <.01) (r = -.582, ρ <.01), (r = -.400, ρ <.01), (r =.433, ρ <.01), (r =.435, ρ <.01). (r = -.497, ρ <.01) (r = -.331, ρ <.01), (r =.508, ρ <.01), (r =.586, ρ <.01).,,,,, 2.,, ** ** ** ** **.604 ** **.508 * ** ** **.586 ** ** **.569 ** Cronbach's α * p <.05, ** p < , 2., 3., 4., 5., 6.

9 .,,, 1 (0=, 1= ),,,, 2, R 1 2, 3 R (TOL) (VIF), R,. 3, (β =.236, ρ <.001), (β =.224, ρ <.01), (β =.189, ρ <.01), (β = -.396, ρ <.001) (β = -.349, ρ <.001) B SE β B SE β B SE β ( ) * *** ** * ** * ** ** *** *** *** F= * F= *** F= *** R 2 =.090 ΔR 2 =.090 * R 2 =.413 ΔR 2 =.323 *** R 2 =.493 ΔR 2 =.080 **. 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001

10 ,, R.. (β =.225, ρ <.01), (β =.285, ρ <.001), (β = -.254, ρ <.01) (β = -.220, ρ <.05). 4., 2 3 R. 3, (β =.159, ρ <.05). (β =.254, ρ <.01) (β =.351, ρ <.001) (R =.041, F =1.255). 2 3 R B SE β B SE β B SE β ( ) ** * ** *** *** *** *** ** * F=4.754 *** F=9.002 *** F=8.958 *** R 2 =.141 ΔR 2 =.141 *** R 2 =.273 ΔR 2 =.132 *** R 2 =.305 ΔR 2 =.032 *. 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001

11 1 2 3 B SE β B SE β B SE β ( ) ** ** * *** ** *** F=2.921 * F=9.208 *** F= *** R 2 =.091 ΔR 2 =.091 * R 2 =.277 ΔR 2 =.186 *** R 2 =.359 ΔR 2 =.082 ***. 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p < B SE β B SE β B SE β ( ) *** * *** F=1.255 F=6.765 *** F= *** R 2 =.041 ΔR 2 =.041 R 2 =.220 ΔR 2 =.178 *** R 2 =.389 ΔR 2 =.169 ***. 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001

12 . (β =.164, ρ <.05) (β =.505, ρ <.001). 6...,.,,,,.,,,,,.,,,.,., (Visani et al., 2011), (,,,,, 2006;,, 2006) (,,, 2001).,, (Hogg & Abrams, 1988;, 2001, ),,,. (Campell, 1981; Wilson, 1967:, 2012 ), (Martinez et al., 1997),

13 (Ryff. 1995),..., 20 (Phinney, 1993).., (Hayes & Lin, 1994; Wilton et al., 2003).. Oishi, Diener, Lucas Suh(1999), Klineberg (1979) Mori(2000).... Radloff(1977) Rao(1979),, (, 2000;, 2010;, 1996). Furnham Shiekh(1993).,..,,.,,

14 .,, (, 2003;, 2002; Arthur, 1998), (Oei et al., 1990). Rao(1979),,.,. (, 2009; Yeh & Inose, 2003).,,,,, (Koyama, 2005),,, (Cheong, Leong, & Geist, 1993),, (McCathy et, al., 1990; Meier, & Schmeck, 1985;, 2011 ). (, 1995; Abouserie, 1994). (,,, 2009;,,, Yuanying Jin,, 2010; Cole et al., 1980; Eldridge, 1960; Still, 1961; Ward, 1967),,,,,, (Mori, 2000), (Misra & Castillo, 2004; Mori, 2000).,,.., (Hwang & Ting, 2008). (Okazaki, 2000),,, (Constantine et al., 2004; Sue et al., 2003; Uba, 1994).,

15 (2011).., 18.9%. (,, 2013), (Sullivan, 1953;, 2013 ),.,,,,,,,,,,.,,,..,,.,, 152..,.. Phinney(1993). (Valenzuela, 1999).,.,..,.

16 ,,,..... (2001).. (2012)..,, (2012).,,.. (3), (2011) , (2010). :. (1), ,, (2001). :. (2), , (2013)., -,, (4), (2005).. (2003).. (2), , (2011).,,, (2), ,,,, (2006).. (4), (2011).., (2007).. (2), , MorrisTony, (2013).

17 ,, (1), ,,, Yuanying Jin, (2010). 5. (1), ,,, Marsella, (2002).. (2), (2011).. (2009).. (2011).,, :. (2), ,, (1996). : -. (1), (2002).. (2009a). :. (2), (2009b).. (5) (1995)..,, (2009).. (3) (2007).. (4), (2011).., (2006).. (2), (2005).. (2010)., (3), , (2011).. (4), (2011)..

18 (2001).. (2), Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 14(3), Adriana J. U,, & Kimberly, A. U. (2007). Latino adolescents mental health: Exploring the interrelations among discrimination, ethnic identity, cultural orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms, Journal of Adolescence, 30(4), Arthur. N. (1998). The effects of stress, depression and anxiety on post secondary students coping strategies, Journal of College Students Development, 39(1), Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), Cheong, D., Leong, F. L., & Geist. R. (1993). Cultural differences in psychological distress between Asian and Caucasian American college students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 21(3), Chavajay, P., & Skowronek, J. (2008). Aspects of acculturation stress among international students attending a university in the USA Psychological Reports, 13(3), Chu, H. M., Yeh, E. K., Klein, M. H., Alexander, A., & Miller, M. H. (1971). A Study of Chinese students adjustment in the U.S.A. Acta psychologica Taiwanica, 13(1), Church, A. T. (1982). Sojourner, adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), Cole, J., Allen, F., & Green, J. (1980). Survey of health problems of overseas students. Social Science & Medicine, 14(6), Constantine, M. G.., Okazaki, S., & Utsey, S. O. (2004). Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(3), Derogatis, L. R. (1993). The brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring and procedures. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems. Diener, E. D., Larsen, R. J., Levine, S., & Emmons, R, A. (1985). Intensity and frequency: Dimensions underlying positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(5), Eldridge, A. T. (1960). Overseas students at Leicester University: Some problems of adjustment and communication. Race & Class, 2(1), Evan S, S., & Katona, C. (1995). Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in elderly primary care attenders. Dementia, 4(6), Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1986). Culture shock, psychological reaction to unfamiliar environment, Cambridge; Great Britain at the University Press. Furnham, A., & Shiekh, S. (1993). Gender, generational and social support correlates of mental health in Asian immigrants. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39(1), Gebhard, J. G. (2010). Asian international students' cultural adaptation at US

19 universities: Challenges, behavior sand strategies. English Language Teaching, 22(2), Gil, A. G., Vega, W. A., & Dimas, J. M. (1994). Acculturative stress and personal adjustment among hispanic adolescent boys. Journal of Community Psychology. 22(1), Hammen, C. (1988). Self-cognitions, stressful events, and the prediction of depression in children of depressed mothers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16(3), Hayes, R. L., & Lin, H. (1994). Coming to America: Developing social support systems for international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(1), Hwang, W., & Ting, J. Y. (2008). Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 4(2), Hofmann, P. N. (2010). Examining factors of acculturative stress on international students as they affect utilization of campus-based health and counseling services at four-year public universities in Ohio. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Graduate College of Bowling Green State university. Hull, W. F. (1978). Foreign students in the United States of America: Coping behavior within the educational environment. New York: Praeger. Kosic, A. (2004). Acculturation strategies, coping process and acculturative stress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45(4), Klineberg, O., & Hull, W. F. (1979). At international study of adaptation and coping, New York: Praeger. Koyama, C. (2005). Acculturation stress and alcohol among international college students in a U. S. community college setting. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation Virginia poly technician Institute and State University. Lewthwaite, M. (1996). A Study of international students' perspectives on cross-cultural adaptation, International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 19(2), Lin, J., & Yi, J. (1997). Asian international students' adjustment: Issues and program suggestions. College Student Journal, 31(4), Lu, L. (1990). Adaptation to British universities: Homesickness and mental health of Chinese students. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 3(3), Lysgaard, S. (1995). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright grantees visiting the United States. International Social Sciences Bulletin, 7(1), Martinez, R. O., & Dukes, R. L. (1997). The effects of ethnic identity, ethnicity and gender on adolescent well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), Mehta, S. (1998). Relationship between acculturation and mental health for Asian Indian immigrants to the United States. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 124(1), Meier, S. F., & Schmeck, R. R. (1985). The burn-out college students: A descriptive profile. Journal of College Students Personal, 26(1)

20 Misra, R., & Castillo, L. G. (2004). Academic stress among college students: Comparison of American and international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(2), Mori, S. (2000). Addressing the mental health concerns of international students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(2), Oei, T. S., & Notowidjojo, F. (1990). Depression and loneliness in overseas students. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 36(2), Oishi, S., Diener, E. F., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: Perspectives from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), Okazaki, S. (2000). Asian American and White American differences on affective distress symptoms: Do symptom reports differ across reporting methods? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(5), Phinney, J. S. (1993). A three stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence. In Bernal, M. E., and Knight, G. P. (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities, New York Press, Albany. Pruitt, F. J. (1978). The adaptation of African students to American society. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2(1), Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), Rao, G. L. (1979). Brain drain and foreign students: A study of the attitudes and intentions of foreign students in Australia, USA, Canada and France, University of Queensland Press. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), Sandhu D. S., & Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological Reports, 75(1), Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, M, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), Still, R. (1961). Mental health in overseas students. Proceedings of the British Health Association. Straits-tröster, K. A., Patterson, T. L., Semple, S. J., Temoshok, L., Roth, P. G., McCutchan, J. A., Chandler, J. L., & Grant, I. (1994). The relation between loneliness, interpersonal competence, and immunologic status in HIV-infected men. Psychology and Health, 9(3), Sue, D. (1981). Counselling the culturally different. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counselling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice(4th ed.). New York: Wiley. Uba, L. (1994). Asian Americans: personality patterns, identity, and mental health. New York: Guilford Press. Uman a-taylor, A. J., & Updegraff, K. A. (2007).

21 Latino adolescents' mental health: Exploring the interrelations among discrimination, ethnic identity, cultural orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 30(4), Valenzuela, A. (1999). Gender roles and settlement activities among children and their immigrant families. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(4), Visani, D., Albieri, E., Offidani, E., Ottolini, F., Tomba, E., & Ruin, C. (2011). Gender differences in psychological well-being and distress during adolescence. In Brdar I. (Eds.), The human pursuit of well-being, (pp.65-70), Springer Netherlands. Wan, T., Chapman D. W., & Biggs, D. A. (1992). Academic stress of international students attending U.S universities, Research in Higher Education, 33(5), Ward, L. (1967). Some observations of the underlying dynamics of conflict in a foreign student. Journal of the American College Health Association 10(1), Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Mallen, M. J., Ku, T. Y., Liao, K. Y. H., & Wu, T. F. (2007). Acculturative stress, perfectionism, years in the United States, and depression among Chinese international students, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(4), Wilton, L., & Constantine, M. G. (2003). Length of residence, cultural adjustment difficulties, and psychological distress symptoms in Asian and Latin American international college students. Journal of College Counseling, 6(2), Ye, J. (2005). Acculturative stress and use of the internet among East Asian international students in the United Stages, Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 8(2), Yeh, C. J., & Inose, M. (2003). International students' reported English fluency, and social connectedness as predictors of acculturative stress. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 61(1), Ying, Y. W. (2005). Variation in acculturative stressors over time: A study of Taiwanese students in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(1), : : :

22 The Influence of academic stress and acculturative stress of Republic of Korean studying abroad on psychological adjustment Kyung Sook Kim Min Hee Kim Korea Counselling Graduate University This Study examined impact of academic stress and acculturation stress experienced by overseas Republic of Korean students on psychological adjustment. For this purpose, the 152 female and male Korean students attending in undergraduate and graduate course in English speaking countries were surveyed. Academic stress and acculturation stress has negative correlation with psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction but has positive correlation with depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that demographic variables predicted psychological well-being, life satisfaction and depression except anxiety. After controlling the demographic variables, academic stress and acculturation stress predicted psychological well-being, life satisfaction, depression and anxiety. Finally, limitations of this study, the significance, the direction of future research are discussed. Key words : south Korean students studying abroad, Academic stress, Acculturation stress, psychological adjustment

2004 (Study Korea Project) ,526 85,923 (, 2013).,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, 2010;,,,, 2010;,, 2009;,, 2011; Mori, 2000; Raffaelli, Torres Stone

2004 (Study Korea Project) ,526 85,923 (, 2013).,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, 2010;,,,, 2010;,, 2009;,, 2011; Mori, 2000; Raffaelli, Torres Stone ,, * Berry(1997).,. 63 162,,, 4( ) 2( ).,...,.. * 2012. :,, (361-763) 410( ) Tel : 043-261-2190, E-mail : sungmoon@chungbuk.ac.kr 2004 (Study Korea Project). 2013 2005 22,526 85,923 (, 2013).,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,