Validation of the Korean Life Skills Scale for Sport (KLSSS) Tae-hee Lim 1, Oh-jung Kwon 2 *, Yun-kyung Yang 3, Mi-seon Yun 1, & Jun-su Bae 1 1 Yongin

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1 Validation of the Korean Life Skills Scale for Sport (KLSSS) Tae-hee Lim 1, Oh-jung Kwon 2 *, Yun-kyung Yang 3, Mi-seon Yun 1, & Jun-su Bae 1 1 Yongin University, 2 Korea National Sport University, & 3 Gangnam University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

3 Table 1. Participants of study Event N Event N Physical education 164 Judo 40 Weightlifting 67 Athletics 15 Wrestling 51 Taekkyeon 13 Yongmoodo 41 Soccer 91 Bowling 24 Baseball 55 Jiu jitsu 14 Kend 49 Taekwondo 97 Karate 38 Table tennis 63 Badminton 15 Boxing 50 Cross Country Skiing 12 Total 899 α α α α α α α α

4 Table 2. Original item pool of LSSS Team work (TW) Goal setting (GS) I accept suggestions for improvement from others. I set goals so that I can stay focused on improving. I help build team/group spirit. I set challenging goals. I work well within a team/group. I check progress towards my goals. I suggest to team/group members how they can improve their performance. I remain committed to my goals. I help another team/group member perform a task. I set short-term goals in order to achieve long-term goals. I change the way I perform for the benefit of the team/group. I set goals for practice. I work with others for the good of the team/group. I set specific goals. Time management (TM) Interpersonal communication (IC) I manage my time well. I speak clearly to others. I assess how much time I spend on various activities. I pay attention to what someone is saying. I control how I use my time. I pay attention to people s body language. I set goals so that I use my time effectively. I communicate well with others. Emotional skills (ES) Leadership (LD) I know how to deal with my emotions. I set high standards for the team/group. I understand that I behave differently when emotional. I know how to motivate others. I notice how I feel. I help others solve their performance problems. I use my emotions to stay focused. I be a good role model for others. I understand other people s emotions. I organize team/group members to work together. I notice how other people feel. I recognize other people s achievements. I help others use their emotions to stay focused. I know how to positively influence a group of individuals. I help other people control their emotions when something bad happens. I consider the individual opinions of each team/group member. Problem solving and decision making (PS) Social skills (SS) I think carefully about a problem. I interact in various social settings. I create as many possible solutions to a problem as possible. I maintain close friendships. I compare each possible solution in order to find the best one. I start a conversation. I evaluate a solution to a problem. I get involved in group activities. I help others without them asking for help. Table 3. Procedure of study Procedure Validity Analysis (N) Substantive stage Structural stage External stage Content validity Construct validity Discriminant validity Convergent validity Item clarity test (40) Descriptive statistic Reliability analysis EFA (198) CFA (225) Group differentiation (377) Correlation with LSTS (59)

5 α

6 Table 4. Descriptive statistics of KLSSS Factor M SD Skewness Kurtosis Cronbach s α Table 5. The result of EFA (N=198) h 2 LD LD LD LD GS GS GS GS IC SS SS IC TM TM TM TW TW TW LD LD LD LD GS GS GS GS SS IC SS IC TM TM TM TW TW TW Eigen value % of variance Cumulative % Name of Factor LD GS SS TM TW

7 Table 6. Goodness-of-fit for KLSSS Model x 2 df CMIN/df (x 2 /df) CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR Five-factors (p <.001) (90% CI =.045,.070).053 Table 7. The result of CFA (N=225) Factors Estimate Standard Estimate t p LD LD LD LD GS GS GS GS SS IC SS IC TM TM TM TW TW TW Table 8. Differences by Types of Participation (N=377) A TW 3.99 (.63) GS TM SS LD 3.99 (.62) 3.64 (.76) 3.99 (.57) 3.55 (.71) B 3.81 (.78) 3.71 (.71) 3.55 (.70) 3.82 (.75) 3.53 (.69) C 2.83 (.47) 2.97 (.41) 2.85 (.45) 2.94 (.43) 2.88 (.30) F post-hoc A > C B > C * A > B, C B > C 8.48 * A > C B > C A > C B > C 7.22 * A > C B > C

8 Table 9. Differences by Frequency of Participation (N=377) A TW 3.13 (.74) GS 3.50 (.61) TM 3.10 (.74) SS 3.50 (.61) LD 3.13 (.59) B 3.32 (.64) 3.22 (.64) 3.26 (.64) 3.28 (.62) 3.17 (.54) C 3.79 (.67) 3.78 (.62) 3.61 (.66) 3.81 (.62) 3.46 (.62) D 4.04 (.63) 4.02 (.62) 3.65 (.77) 4.04 (.59) 3.59 (.72) F post-hoc C, D > A, B D > A, B C > B 5.12 ** D > B C > B D > A, B 5.81 D > B Table 10. Differences by Participation Period (N=59) A TW 3.72 (.80) GS 3.63 (.65) TM 3.34 (.72) SS 3.70 (.71) LD 3.33 (.64) B 3.84 (.69) 3.90 (.66) 3.59 (.71) 3.82 (.66) 3.50 (.72) C 4.00 (.72) 3.86 (.71) 3.68 (.76) 4.07 (.57) 3.62 (.75) D 4.02 (.60) 4.04 (.62) 3.66 (.80) 4.02 (.58) 3.57 (.68) F post-hoc 3.45 * D > A 5.78 D > A D, C > A 2.38

9 Table 11. Correlation between KLSSS and KLSTS MG 2. ME.44 ** 3. GS.27 *.55 ** KLSTS 4. RF.44 **.56 **.45 ** 5. RS.45 **.50 **.36 **.75 ** 6. MH **.43 **.32 *.38 ** 7. AD.28 * **.43 ** HE.32 * **.48 **.37 ** ** 9. atw.48 **.40 **.36 **.60 **.46 ** **.65 ** 10. ags.38 **.48 **.61 **.67 **.64 **.40 **.44 **.49 **.60 ** KLSSS 11. atm.27 *.54 **.50 **.34 *.28 *.47 ** *.56 ** 12. ass.66 **.42 **.33 **.52 **.42 **.30 *.31 *.56 **.56 **.59 **.41 ** 13. ald.63 **.58 **.44 **.62 **.50 **.39 **.32 *.61 **.60 **.62 **.40 **.68 **

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Exploring the life skills of drop-out elite athletes Oh-jung Kwon* Korea National Sport University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusion] Key word

Exploring the life skills of drop-out elite athletes Oh-jung Kwon* Korea National Sport University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusion] Key words: Table 1. Research participants Phase Description