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1 년 월전자공학회논문지제 5 권제 호 Journal of Te Institute of Electronics Enineers of Korea Vol. 5 NO. January 논문 -5-- PIC 그룹복호화를이용한 최적화된 Double-ABBA 유사직교시공간부호 (An Optimized Double-ABBA Quasi-Ortoonal Space Time Code wit PIC Group Decodin ) 모하마드아부하니프 이문호 박주용 ( Moammad Abu anif Moon o Lee and Ju Yon Park ) 요 약 본논문에서는그룹 (roup) 을 개의심볼 (symbol) 로나누는시스템을제안하는데 이두개의더해진심볼들은다중화에의해분리된후역다중화기술을이용해다시합해진다. 제안된시스템에서간단한 PIC(Partial Interference Cancelation) 그룹복호화기술은 Double-ABBA(D-ABBA) 유사직교 (Quasi-Ortoonal) 시공간부호 (Space Time Code) 를위해사용된다. 이부호는고차 MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) 시공간블록부호화에서복호화시에복잡도를줄여준다. 그리고기존의방법과제안된방법과의성능을비교한다. Abstract In tis paper we propose a system were we divide te roup wit symbols. Te two added symbols are separated by multiplexin and later added usin te DE-multiplexin tecnique. In our proposed system a simple Partial Interference Cancelation (PIC) roup decodin sceme is used for Double-ABBA(D-ABBA) Quasi-Ortoonal Space Time Code wic reduces te decodin complexity for te ier order Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) space time block codin. Finally we compare te proposed sceme performance usin te different modulation scemes. Keywords : D-ABBA STBC MIMO QOSTC Ⅰ. 서론 다이버시티 (diversity) 기술에기반을둔시공간블록부호화 (Space-Time Block Codin:STBC) 는 GPP 학생회원 평생회원 전북대학교전자공학부 (Division of Electronic Enineerin Conbuk National University) 평생회원 신경대학교인터넷정보통신학과 (Department of Internet Information and Communication Synyeon University) 본연구는한국연구재단의세계수준의연구중심대학 (World Class University WCU R--- - BSRP -9 그리고 MEST -5의지원으로수행되었음. 접수일자 : 년7월일 수정완료일 : 년월9일 LTE나 WiMax 등과같은미래무선통신표준에널리채택되었다. 원래 [] 에서 Alamouti 가제안했던 STBC 기술은채널에대한정보가없어도전송다이버시티를달성한다. 비록 Alamouti 의 STBC는처음두개의송신안테나와한개의수신안테나를위해설계되었으나 Tarok 에의해일반화 [] 된후네개의송신안테나를위한시스템으로확장되었다. 이후 STBC 시스템을다중유저 (multi-user) 환경 [~] 에적용하려는많은연구가진행되었다. 높은데이터전송률을달성하기위해 OSTBC(Oroonal Space Time Block Code) 가많은문헌에서제안되었다. 이 OSTBC는송신안테나를다른그룹과 [] 에서제안된독립된 ()

2 PIC 그룹복호화를이용한최적화된 Double-ABBA 유사직교시공간부호모하마드아부하니프외 OSTBC를갖는각그룹의부호화정보심볼로분할하게된다. 고속무선연결성과네트워킹을위한플랫폼 (platform) 을위해서는신뢰할만한높은데이터전송률이요구된다. 따라서송신다이버시티는송신단에서한개이상의안테나를필요로한다. 이를위해본논문에서는 [5] 에서제안한 D-ABBA(Double-ABBA) 부호에중점을두어서술한다. 이부호는사이즈가 인 Alamouti 부호를공간다중률이 인 방사안테나에치환 (permutation) 하는부호이다. 만약 D-ABBA 부호에기존의 ML(Maximum likely-ood) 검파를이용하게되면 많은 역행렬계산이필요하고또너무과도한복잡성때문에칩실현이불가능하게된다. 따라서 [6] 에서제안한 PIC(Partial Interference Cancelation) 그룹복호화로된이방법을이용하면복호화시복잡도를현저히낮출수있다. 기존에많이알려져있는 Alamouti 시공간부호는다음과같이쓸수있다. s s S = s s 따라서 D-ABBA 부호는다음과같은형태로나타낼수있다. 는 iπ/ iπ/ S+ e S S + e S X = iπ/ iπ/ e S + S e S + S 여기서 Si i =... 는 Alamouti STBC이고 S i 의 5도회전을나타낸다. () i / e π 식 () 로부터 X 를다음과같이나타낼수있다. X = x x x / x x5 x6 x / 7 x iπ iπ 8 e e x x + x x x6 x + 5 x8 x 7 x i / 7 x8 x5 x6 x i / x x x π π e e x8 x + 7 x6 x + 5 x x x x X = iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ x+ e x x + e x x5 + e x7 x6 + e x 8 iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ x e x x + e x x6 e x8 x5 + e x7 iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ x5 e x7 x6 e x8 xe x x e x iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ e x8 x6 x5 e x7 x + e x x e x 본논문의구성은 Ⅱ장에서제안시스템의배경에대해서술하고 Ⅲ장에서는제안한시스템모델을제시한다. Ⅳ장에서시뮬레이션결과를보이며마지막으로Ⅴ 장에서결론을맺는다. Ⅱ. 제안시스템배경 PIC 그룹복호화의배경과기초에대해알아보면 고차안테나다이버시티는복호화시복잡도가증가하기때문에 PIC 그룹복호화를이용하면복호화의복잡도를줄일수있으나성능은약간떨어진다. 따라서성능과복잡도의 trade-off 가있다. 성능에비해복잡도의감소가더많은장점을보인다. 그림 에복호화모델을보이고있다. 본장에서는 PIC그룹복호화 [6] 의기초에대해서술한다. PIC를위해서는동등채널행렬에대한투사행렬 (projection matrix) 이필요하다. 수신벡터 D S = [ s s s8] D [ s s s8] S ˆ = ˆ ˆ ˆ D D 그림. 복호화모델 Fi.. Te Docodin Model. ()

3 년 월전자공학회논문지제 5 권제 호 Journal of Te Institute of Electronics Enineers of Korea Vol. 5 NO. January 는다음과같이표시한다. y = SNR x+ n () 여기서 는동등채널행렬이다. 동등행렬채널로부터벡터를다음과같은일반식형태로나타낼수있다. I = c k I c k I c k Ik n kk () 이제식 () 로부터다음과같이쓸수있다. Y = X + w (8) 식 () 으로부터수신신호는다음과같이얻어진다. y = x + e x + x + e x + x iπ/ iπ/ 5 + e x + x + e x + n iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ (9) iπ/ iπ/ y =x e x + x + e x x6 () e x+ x+ e x+ n N ρ y = s + n. () 또한수있다. Ik Ik 8 i= QIk 로정의된투사행렬은다음식으로나타낼 (( ) ) ( ) Q = C C C C (5) Ik j j j j 여기서 C j 는동등채널행렬 의열벡터이다. 해당그룹의투사행렬은다음과같이쓸수있다. (( ) ) ( ) P = I C C C C (6) Ik m j j j j 여기서 P I 는투사행렬이고 P k I c k I = i 이다. Ⅲ. 제안시스템모델 MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) 무선시스템에대해생각해보면 예를들어 명의유저가하나의수신안테나로동시에데이터를전송하는경우 송신단은다중안테나를 수신단은단일안테나를갖는경우로볼수있다. 이때채널은플랫페이딩 (flat fadin) 레일레이 (Raylei) 분포를갖는것으로가정한다. 그러면수신신호는다음과같이나타낼수있다. Y = X + w (7) y = x e x + x e x + x iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ e x + x e x + n y = e x x + x e x x iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ iπ/ + e x + x e x + n () () y 와 y 의공액 (conjuate) 을취하면다음과같은채널행렬을얻을수있다. Y T i = + w 따라서동등행렬은다음과같이나타낼수있다. X = () i / 여기서 a = e π 이고 식 () 의각항에 을곱하면다음과같은식을얻을수있다. R = Y = X + w () 따라서다음식을얻을수있다. 여기서 Y 는수신신호벡터이고 는채널행렬 w 는잡음벡터이다. 수신벡터는다음과같이나타낼수있다. ()

4 PIC 그룹복호화를이용한최적화된 Double-ABBA 유사직교시공간부호모하마드아부하니프외 γ λ μ β γ λ β μ γ μ β λ γ β μ λ R = = γ μ β γ λ β μ γ μ β λ γ β μ λ γ 여기서 = β = ( ) γ = + λ = Re( + ) μ = Im( ) 이다. 의의사역 (pseudo-inverse) 계산은매우복잡하며 고차복잡한행렬에대해서는더욱복잡하다. 따라서복호화복잡도가매우증가하기때문에 아래에서술할 D-ABBA STC에대해새로운복호화방법을제안한다. 식 () 으로부터동등채널행렬의첫번째그룹열을다음과같이얻을수있다. 6 = a a = a a a a = a a = 그리고 = 7 a a = a a a a = a a 5 = 그룹은 I = { 5} I = { } I = { 7} 그리고 I = { 6} 과같은방법으로구성한다. 따라서투사행렬은다음과같이얻을수있다.. Q I = = P I 두번째그룹의투사행렬은다음과같다. Q I = P I = (5) (6) (7) (8) 다른그룹 I = {7} 과 I = { 6} 에대한투사행렬은각각다음과같다. P = a I a ( ) P = a I a ( ) (9) () ()

5 년 월전자공학회논문지제 5 권제 호 5 Journal of Te Institute of Electronics Enineers of Korea Vol. 5 NO. January 따라서최적검파는다음과같이나타낼수있다. xˆ = ar min P y κ P x () I I I I I 여기서 κ 는 SNR을나타내며 식 () 과유사한방법으로다른최적의심볼들도구할수있다. Ⅳ. 시뮬레이션분석 BER QOSTBC D-ABBA 본장에서는 D-ABBA의 PIC그룹복호화성능을보여주는시뮬레이션결과를제시한다. 시뮬레이션을위한채널은 Raylei 페이딩환경을가정했다. 또심볼에대해 QAM과 QPSK변조방법으로변조와복조를수행하였다. 그림 에서다른복호화모델과 D-ABBA BER DABBA 6-QAM PIC DABBA 6-QAM ML DABBA-PIC QPSK DABBA-ML QPSK SNR 그림. D-ABBA QOSTBC의 SER 분석 Fi.. SER analysis of QOSTBC wit D-ABBA. 와의 BER 성능을비교하였다. 또그림 은 ML과 PIC 그룹복호화를비교하고있다. 여기서 ML은 PIC그룹복호화에비해보다나은 BER성능을보여주고있으나 PIC는고차안테나다이버시티에서발생하는복화화복잡도를더욱줄일수있는장점이있다. 따라서성능과복잡도사이에 trade-off 가존재한다. 그림 는 D-ABBA QOSTBC의 SER(Symbol Error Rate) 분석을보여주고있다. 또한제안시스템은불럭데이터를수신단에전송함으로써전송시간을줄여준다 SNR (db) 그림. 다른복호화모델과 D-ABBA의 BER비교 Fi.. BER Comparison of D-ABBA wit different decodin Model. - 6-QAM PIC 6-QAM ML Ⅴ. 결론본논문에서는 D-ABBA QOSTBC 부호를복호화하는데 PIC 그룹복호화를이용하였다. 본 QOSTBC 는 PIC그룹복호화를이용하여복호화하였기때문에 full diversity 를달성하였다. 또한원하는부호율을달성하고복잡도를줄이며전송시간을줄일수있는불록단위의전송기법을제시하였고 PIC 그룹복호화가고차안테나의복호화시에복잡도를줄일수있는능력이성능에비해우수함을제시하였다. SER - 참고문헌 SNR (db) 그림. ML과 PIC그룹복호화비교 Fi.. Comparison of ML and PIC roup decodin. [] S. M. Alamouti A simple transmit diversity tecnique for wireless communications IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. vol. 6 pp Oct [] V Tarok Jafarkani AR Calderbank Space-time block codes from ortoonal desins IEEE Trans Inf Teory vol (5)

6 6 PIC 그룹복호화를이용한최적화된 Double-ABBA 유사직교시공간부호모하마드아부하니프외 67 (999). [] G Li X. G Xia and Y. Wu An Optimal Zero-Forcin PIC Group Decodin for Two-User Layered Alamouti Code IEEE Trans. on Communication Vol. 59 No. December. [] V. Tarok A. Nauib N. Sesadri and A. R. Calderbank Combined array processin and space-time codin IEEE Trans. Inf. Teory vol. 5 no. pp. 8 May 999. [5] E Jorswieck B Ottersten A Sezin A Paulraj Guaranteed performance reion in fadin ortoonal space-time coded broadcast cannels. ERASIP J Wireless Commun Networkin 8. [6] X. Guo and X. G. Xia On Full Diversity Space Time Block Codes Wit Partial Interference Cancellation Group Decodin IEEE Trans on Information Teory vol. 55 no. October 9. [7] L. Dai S. Sfar and K. B. Letaief An efficient detector for combined space-time codin and layered processin IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 5 no. 9 pp. 8 Sep. 5. 모하마드아부하니프 ( 학생회원 ) 년 ~5 년 Asian University of Banlades Banlades ( 방글라데시아시안대학 ) 년 월전북대학교전자공학부석사과정졸업 년 월전북대학교전자공학부박사과정재학 < 주관심분야 : 무선이동통신 이동통신 T Precodin 설계 > 박주용 ( 정회원 ) 98 년전북대학교전자공학과학사 99 년전북대학교전자공학과박사졸업. 99 년 월 ~6 년 월서남대학교전자공학부교수 7 년 월 ~ 현재신경대학교인터넷정보통신학과부교수 < 주관심분야 : 무선이동통신 > 저자소개 이문호 ( 평생회원 )- 교신저자 98 년전남대학교전기공학과박사 통신기술사 985 년 ~986 년미국미네소타대학전기과포스트닥터 99 년일본동경대학정보통신공학과박사 97 년 ~98 년남양 MBC 송신소장 98 년 월 ~ 년 월전북대학교전자공학부교수 년 월 ~ 현재 WCU- 연구책임교수 < 주관심분야 : 무선이동통신 > (6)

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