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1 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29, No.4, pp , 2012 Abstract 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : Pilot Study 현대성 1 * 김종대 2 * 권효정 3 정현정 4 1 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학내과학교실, 대구한의대학교한의과대학 2 한방내과학교실, 3 침구경혈학교실, 4 진단학교실 The Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Fatigue Severity in Lung Cancer Patients: Pilot Study Dae-Sung Hyun 1 *, Jong-Dae Kim 2 *, Hyo-Jung Kwon 3, Hyun-Jung Jung 4 1 Dept. of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Departments of 2 Internal Medicine, 3 Acupuncture and Meridian, 4 Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Hanny University Objectives : Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom that is a concern for cancer patients. It has a decisive effect on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of clinical trial to evaluate of efficacy and safety of acupuncture on cancer related fatigue of lung cancer patients. Methods : Total lung cancer 9 patients complained of fatigue were treated by acupuncture twice a week for four weeks(8 times in total). Evaluation of the severity of fatigue was measured by FSS(Fatigue Severity Score). In visit 1, 10, we checked FSS. For check safety of acupuncture treatment, we did blood test. Results : After 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment, the FSS was significantly decreased from 4.92±1.06 to 3.74±1.37(p=0.008). And the level of hemoglobin was significantly increased from g/dl to g/dl(p=0.014). No other lab measures indicated any significant differences between before and after acupuncture treatment. Conclusions : This study suggests that acupuncture treatment will be beneficial for lung cancer patients to improve the fatigue severity. And acupuncture treatment is safe method for lung cancer patients. A large-scale study to confirm efficacy and safety of acupuncture is needed. Key words : cancer related fatigue, fatigue severity score, lung cancer, acupuncture I. 서론 Corresponding author: Hyun-Jung Jung, Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Hanny University, 136, Sincheondong-no, Sang-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu , Korea Tel: , Fax: qutelady@naver.com Received September 8, 2012, Revised November 15, 2012, Accepted November 19, 2012 This study was funded by Comprehensive Integrative Medicine Institute(CIMI) in *These authors contributed equally to this work. 폐암은전세계적으로암에의한사망원인중 1 위를차지하고있으며, 우리나라에서도 2007 년통계에서암사망률 1 위인동시에 1997 년대비사망률이가장많이증가한암으로서그비중이점점증가하고있는추세에있다 1). 그러나최근건강검진이보편화되면서폐암의조기발견이가능해졌
2 현대성 김종대 권효정 정현정 고, 항암화학요법및방사선요법도발달하여생존기간이연장되고있다. 따라서폐암환자의 생명연장 에모아졌던관심이 삶의질 로옮겨가고있다. 미국 NCCN(National Comprehensive Cancer Network) 에서는암관련피로에대해 암혹은암치료와관련되어일상생활을방해하는지속적이고주관적으로나타나는피곤한느낌 이라정의하고있다 2). 암환자의피로는암자체로인한증상일수도있고, 방사선치료, 화학요법, 생물요법의결과로올수도있다. 암환자의피로에대해서 1980 년대부터관심이증가되고연구가이루어지고있으나아직기전이나치료에대해서는명확히밝혀지지않았다 3). 외국의조사연구에의하면항암화학요법을받는암환자의 61 99% 가피로를경험하는것으로나타났으나 4), 국내의한연구에의하면 5) 연구대상의약 32.3% 에서피로도를느끼고, 남자에비해여자의피로유병률이높게측정되었다. 피로는지침, 활력상실및일이나여가활동을수행하기위한능력, 욕구와인내력감소에대한주관느낌을특징으로하는복합적증상으로, 신체적, 정신적, 감정적등다양한측면에영향을주어, 궁극적으로개인의삶의질저하를초래하게된다. 최근들어서모든암환자들그리고암기왕력자의삶의질에대한중요성이부각되고있으며치료의가치는삶의질없이는평가될수없다고할만큼암의진단과치료도중요하지만암환자의삶의질역시매우중요한부분을차지하고있다 6). 암과관련된피로는암환자가가장널리가지고있는문제이며일반적인피로가휴식을통해대부분회복이가능한데반하여암관련피로는휴식을취하여도사라지지않는경우가많다. 피로그자체는심각한문제로서, 환자삶의다른측면인수면, 통증, 사회생활능력및일상생활수행능력에영향을미치게되어암환자의삶의질에끼치는영향이적지않으나, 충분한휴식외에는별다른치료방법은없는상태이다. 한의학에서피로는노권상 ( 勞倦傷 ), 허손 ( 虛損 ), 허로 ( 虛勞 ) 등에해당된다 7). 한의학영역에서피로에대한연구는문헌조사 8), 임상적특성분석 9,10) 에관한관찰연구가있다. 한의학에서침자극은 경락의영위기혈기능을조절하고음양의불균형상태를조정하여생리적기능을전환시킨다고하였다 11). 이런원리를이용한침치료가피로및만성피로증후군환자에서유의한효과가있음밝혀졌다 12,13). 이에저자들은폐암환자의피로도에침치료가미치는영향및안전성을알아보기위한향후연구의실행가능성 (feasibility) 을평가하고환자군의모집가능성및침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향등을조사하기위한예비연구를통해유의한결과를얻었기에이를보고하는바이다. 1. 대상 II. 재료및방법 폐암치료후대구가톨릭대학병원에서진료중인환자중 2011 년 9 월 7 일부터 2011 년 12 월 31 일사이에임상시험참여에동의한환자를대상으로하였다. 2. 선정기준과제외기준 선정기준은만 20 세이상으로폐암진단을받고수술이나항암화학치료혹은방사선치료를받은지최소한 3 주이상지난환자중피로도점수 (Fatigue severity scale: FSS) 가 3 이상이며, 시험기간동안추적관찰이가능한자로하였다. Hemoglobin 9 g/dl 이하혹은 hematocrit 30 이하인심한빈혈, ECOG(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) 2 이상인경우, 생존기간이 3 개월이내로예측되는경우, 임상시험시작 1 개월이내에수술, 항암, 방사선치료할예정인경우, 기타책임연구자혹은시험담당자의판단으로임상시험수행이곤란하다고판단되는경우를제외기준으로선정하였다. 3. 임상시험심사위원회및피험자동의 본연구는과학적, 윤리적수행을위해연구시
3 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : 예비임상연구 작전대구가톨릭대학교임상시험심사위원회 (Institutional Review Board, IRB) 의승인을받았다 (IRB protocol No: MDCR RES-002-R). 임상시험에참여를신청한지원자는임상시험의목적, 방법, 예견되는위험이나불편, 비밀보장, 보상, 중도포기의권리등의설명을거쳐자유의사에의해피험자동의서에서면동의를한후시험에참여하였다. 4. 임상시험실시 임상시험에참여를동의한지원자중에서인구학적정보청취, 의사및한의사의병력청취, 이학적검사 ( 체온, 혈압, 맥박, 체중 ), 혈액학적검사, 약물투여력, FSS 를통한피로도평가를통하여대상자를선정하였다. 피험자의선정기준에적합한피험자에게일주일에 2 회, 4 주간총 8 회침치료를시행한후 FSS 를통하여시험시작전과종료후피로도를비교평가하였다. 암과관련된피로를측정하는도구로는 Brief Fatigue Inventory 14), Piper Fatigue Self-Report Scale 15), Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale 16), Fatigue Symptom Manage 17), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) 18) 등이있으며, 본연구에서는 Krupp 등에의해서개발된 FSS 를이용하였다. FSS 는자가설문도구로, 지난 1 주일간의상태에대해총 9 가지문항에대해질문하고, 각문항에서 매우그렇다 는 7 점, 전혀그렇지않다 는 1 점으로하여, 장애의정도에따라 1 에서 7 까지의점수를선택한후설문지의총점을문항수인 9 로나누어평균점수로표시한다. Chung 과 Song 19) 은 FSS 의한국어번역본을이용하여피로와우울, 불안환자에게서 FSS 의임상적유용성을확인바있다. 5. 침치료및피로도평가 1) 침치료방법 침치료는침구과전문의에의해수행되었으며, 시술자에의해발생되는 bias 를배제하기위해전과정에서동일한시술자가참여하였다. 남성은좌측이위로, 여성은우측이위로향하게한측와위 를취하게하고, 사용한혈위는폐수 ( 肺兪 ; BL 13, 양측 ), 비수 ( 脾兪 ;BL 20, 양측 ), 족삼리 ( 足三里 ;ST 36, 단측 : 남자는좌측, 여자는우측 ) 의총 5 개였다 mm stainless steel( 동방침, KOREA) 을이용하여등쪽의혈위는 1 2 cm 직자입후득기를유발하지않으며, 하지부의혈위는 2 4 cm 직자입후득기감을유발한후 20 분간유침하였으며, 하지적외선온열치료를병행하였다 (Table 1). 2) 혈위선택의근거 족태양방광경 ( 足太陽膀胱經 ) 상에있는배수혈 ( 背兪穴 ) 은오장육부의기가등쪽특정한곳에유수되어장부의기운이반영된것으로배수혈에침구치료를시행하여오장육부의병증을치료하는데효과가현저하며장부에대한영향이크므로장부의기능을조정할뿐만아니라장부와관계있는전신질환을치료할수있다 20). 그중폐수혈은조폐이기 ( 調肺理氣 ), 퇴열 ( 退熱 ) 의효능을가지고있어기관지염, 천식, 폐결핵등각종호흡기질환에다용한혈위이며, 비수혈은조비기 ( 調脾氣 ), 조운화 ( 助運化 ) 화영혈 ( 和營血 ) 의효능으로각종소화기질환과지체핍력 ( 肢體乏力 ) 등에임상적으로다용한다. 족삼리혈은이비위 ( 理脾胃 ), 조기혈 ( 調氣血 ) 보허약 ( 補虛弱 ) 의효능으로각종소화기질환과허약체질등에임상적으로다용하고있다 21). 또한 Lee 13) 의연구에서족삼리, 내관, 백회의침치료로피로도의개선효과를보고한바가있다. 일반적으로피로감을호소하는환자들은피로뿐만아니라, 전신쇠약감, 식욕부진, 체중감소등의증상을함께호소한다. 이는한의학적으로는전형적인허증 ( 虛證 ) 즉, 기허 ( 氣虛 ) 의증상과유사하다. 따라서본연구에서는폐암환자의폐기능을회복하는동시에피로의해결을위해폐수, 비수, 족삼리를치료혈위로선택하였다. 6. 환자의평가 폐암환자의피로도개선에대한침치료의효과평가는 FSS 를이용하여수행하였다. FSS 는총 9 문항으로구성되었으며, 각문항당 1 점에서 7 점까지점수로표시하게하고, 합산하여문항수 (9) 로
4 현대성 김종대 권효정 정현정 Table 1. Checklists for STRICTA Items STRICTA 항목 1) 침치료에대한논거 2) 자침에대한상세한내용 1a) 침법의종류 Manual 침법 1b) 치료법에대한근거와만약개별치료를침구학교과서 20), 침구치료학 11), 경혈학하였다면그에대한근거총서 21) 등에근거하여혈위를결정하였다. 1c) 이론을정당화할수있는문헌적근거침구학침구치료학경혈학총서 2a) 사용혈 ( 단측 / 양측 ) 폐수, 비수는양측족삼리는단측 ( 남자는좌측여자는우측 ) 2b) 사용한침 ( 약침 ) 의갯수 5개 2c) 자침깊이 ( 조직, mm나촌 ) 피하, 혈위에따라 mm 깊이자침 2d) 유발된반응 ( 득기나근육이뛰는반응 ) 폐수, 비수는득기유발하지않음족삼리는득기유발 ( 발등쪽으로방사되는산마중창감 ) 2f) 침자극의형태 ( 수기침이나전침 ) 수기 2g) 유침시간 20분 2h) 침의형태 ( 두께, 길이, 생산회사및재질 ) 두께 : 0.20 mm 길이 : 40 mm, steinless steel 재질의 KOMD acupuncture 3) 처치내용 3a) 치료횟수 주당 2회 3b) 치료빈도 4주간총 8회치료 4) 치료의다른구성요소들 4a) 다른처치 ( 뜸, 부항, 약물, 운동, 생활습관에대한조언등 ) 혈전용해제의복용은금지 5) 시술자의배경 5a) 관련분야훈련의기간 9년이상 ( 정규면허소지, 교육기간포함 ) 5b) 임상경험기간 3년이상 5c) 특정질병상황에있어서전문적기술 한의사 6) 대조군및 비교군중재 6a) 대조군에서기대하는효과와연구에있어서선택한대조군이적당한지여부및적당한경우참가자의맹검여부 ( 물리요법같은실질적비교를하는대조군, 피부를뚫는혹은피부를뚫지않는거짓침을이용하여작용을최소화시킨대조군, 가짜 TENS 같이작용이없는대조군 ) 대조군은없으며, 침치료의특성상참가자의맹검은불가능, 그러나평가자의맹검은이루어지도록함 6b) 환자에게치료군과대조군처치에대한연구시작전설명및동의서작성설명 6c) 대조군처치에대한자세한설명 ( 항목대조군은없음 2에관한정확한기술및혹다르다면다른항목들에관해서도정확히기술할것 ) 대조군선택을정당화할수있는근거대조군은없음 나누어점수가높을수록증상의심각도와지장도가크다는것을의미한다 18). 시험담당자는방문 1( 침치료시작전 ) 과방문 10( 침치료종료 7 14 일후 ) 에피험자에게 FSS 평가지를작성하게하여
5 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : 예비임상연구 그결과를기록하였다. 아울러침치료의안전성평가를위하여매방문마다피험자의체온, 혈압, 맥박, 체중을측정하였으며, 방문 1, 10 에혈액검사를시행하였다. 이상반응평가는피험자방문 2( 침치료시작일 ) 부터방문 9(8 회차침치료일 ) 까지매방문마다시험담당자가피험자의상태를평가하여이상반응여부와이학적검진상태를참고하여총괄안전도를평가하였다. 치료순응도가 80% 이하인경우중지자로처리하였으며, 이상반응평가는매방문마다시행하였다. 단, 방문시가아니더라도이상반응이나타날때는피험자는책임연구자나시험담당자에게즉시보고하는것을원칙으로하였고, 임상시험침치료후비정상적변화가나타난경우에는임상시험침치료와의관련성을평가하고추적조사를실시하였다. 7. 분석방법 본통계분석은 임상시험통계지침 (KFDA, 2000) 22) 에근거하며, 이용되는통계패키지는 SPSS Win Ver 이다. 침치료의유효성및안전성평가는임상연구계획서의위배없이전과정을완료한피험자를대상으로하였으며, 통계적유의성을위하여유의수준은 5% 로설정하고피로도정도점수와및혈액검사수치의비교평가는시험전후점수및수치의정규성만족여부에따라 Paired t-test 나 Wilcoxon signed rank test 를사용하였다. 8. 연구계획표 연구계획표는다음과같다 (Table 2). Table 2. Flow Chart V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 Item Screening day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6 day 7 day 8 Final exam Informed consent Inclusion/exclusion criteria History and physical exam Demographic history History of drug delivery Body temperature, blood pressure, pluse, body weight Blood test Acupuncture Fatigue severity scale(fss) Evaluation of adverse event Evaluation of compliance
6 현대성 김종대 권효정 정현정 Variable III. 결과 1. 환자의일반적특징 침치료를시작한환자 10 명중에서 1 명의환자가 6 회의침치료후자의로치료중지를원하여중도탈락하였고, 총 8 회의침치료를완료한환자는 9 명이었다. 피험자의평균연령은 66.22±7.93 세였고, 흡연을하는피험자는 7 명으로이들의평균흡연량은 30.67±27.26 pack-year 이었다 (Table 3). 전체피험자중남자는 8 명, 여자는 2 명으로남자가더높은비율을차지하였다. 폐암의세포형은선암, 편평상피암, 소세포암이각각 4 명, 4 명, 2 명이었고, 폐암의병기는 IA, IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IV 가각각 2 명, 1 명, 3 명, 1 명, 3 명을차지하였다 (Table 4). 2. 피로도점수의변화 선별검사시의 FSS(FSS 1) 에비해치료종료시점의 FSS(FSS 2) 가낮을것이다 ' 를검정한결과, FSS 는선별검사시 4.92±1.06 점에서치료종료시점 3.74±1.37 점으로감소하였으며, 통계적으로유의하였다 (Table 5, Fig. 1). 그리고, 중도탈락한피 Table 3. Age and Smoking Data of Participants Participants(mena[SD]) Age 66.22(7.93) 1 Smoking 30.67(27.26) 2 1: years(n=10), 2: pack-year(n=7). 험자의경우선별검사시는 FSS 가 3.11 점이었으며, 침치료종결시 FSS 점수는 2.22 점으로감소하였다. 3. 안전성평가결과 헤모글로빈은선별검사시 10.87±1.05 g/dl 에서치료종료시점 12.01±1.35 g/dl 로증가하여통계적으로유의하였고 (t=3.150, p=0.014), 백혈구수는 ± 개 /μl 에서 ± 개 /μl 로증가하여침치료전후에통계적유의성은없으나, 경계역의차이는있었다 (t=-2.094, p=0.070). 그외에는통계적으로유의한변화를나타내는변수는보이지않았다 (Table 6, Fig 2). 중도탈락한피험자의헤모글로빈은 11.8 g/dl 에서 13.7 g/dl 로증가하였고, 헤마토크릿의경우 34.7% 에서 39.4% 로증가하였다. 나머지혈액학적검사상선별검사시와연구종결시모두정상범위의수치를나타냈 Table 4. Demographic Data of Participants (n=10) Variable Participants(n) Gender Male 8 Female 2 Category Adenocarcinoma 4 Squamous cell carcinoma 4 Small cell carcinoma 2 Stage IA 2 IIA 1 IIIA 3 IIIB 1 IV 3 Table 5. Difference of FSS (n=9) Variable Visit Visit 1 median(range) Visit 10 median(range) Diff. median(range) W(p value) or t(p value) FSS 4.92(1.06) (4.89(3.11)) 3.74(1.37) (3.37(3.99)) -1.18(1.12) (-1.10(3.90)) (0.008)* *p<0.05, Result of Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Diff. : Difference
7 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : 예비임상연구 다. 4. 이상반응 본시험기간동안이상반응은관찰되지않았다. IV. 고찰 Fig. 1. Result of Fatigue severity score. 본연구는피로감을호소하는폐암환자를대상으로피로도개선에대한침치료효과평가를위한임상연구의기틀을마련하기위해수행한예비연구로, 본격적인연구이전에환자군의모집 Table 6. Mean Differences of Laboratory Exam (n=9) Variable Visit Visit 1 Visit 10 Diff. W(p value) or t(p value) WBC ( ) ( ) (955.25) (0.070)** Hb 10.87(1.05) 12.01(1.35) 1.14(1.09) (0.014)** Protein 6.68(0.49) 6.80(0.76) 0.12(0.44) (0.430)*** Albumin 3.79(0.37) 3.69(0.38) -0.10(0.28) (0.313)*** *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p>0.01, Result of paired t-test. Diff. : Difference. Fig 2. Results of laboratory exam
8 현대성 김종대 권효정 정현정 가능성과계획된치료일정의수행가능성, 침치료의안전성과피로도개선의가능성등을조사하기위해 4 주간의침치료전후의피로도변화를 FSS 를이용하여관찰하였다. 본연구에서는총 10 명의대상자가모집되었고, 그중최종유효성평가가능한대상자는총 9 명이었다. 침치료의피로도개선의효과는표본의크기가작아정규분포를따르지않으므로, Wilcoxon signed rank test 를실시하였다. 치료전 FSS 가 4.92±1.06 에서치료후 3.74 ±1.37 로감소하였으며, 이는통계적으로유의미한차이가있었다. FSS 를이용하여피로도변화여부를관찰한다른연구들을살펴보면, VDT 환자를대상으로한임상연구에서 7 주간의 cupping 치료후 FSS 가 3.10±1.29 에서 2.33±1.09 로감소함을보였고 23), 폐쇄성수면무호흡환자에서체중감량전후의 FSS 는 3.42±1.59 에서 2.52±1.10 으로감소함을보였다 24). 피로도의개선여부를단면적으로비교하기는어려운면이있으나, 다른연구들에비해본연구의 FSS 변화폭이약간더큰것을확인할수있었다. 암관련피로도에대한침치료의유효성을확인한다른연구와비교해보면, Johnston 등 25) 은침치료가일상관리대조군에비해유방암환자의간이피로평가 (Brief Fatigue Inventory: BFI) 점수를유의하게감소시키는것을확인하였다. 또한 Viscker 등 26) 은다양한암환자에서화학치료후발생한피로를침치료가통계적으로유의하게감소시킴을확인하였다. 이상의연구들은침치료가피로도의개선에도움을될수있다는단서를제시하는것으로여겨진다. 피로에대한침치료효과의기전을세로토닌경로로설명하기도한다. 암환자의만성피로증후군환자에서세로토닌의증가가나타났고, 특히암관련피로와세로토닌사이의관련성이보고된바있다 26). 물론피로에대한침치료의효과를설명하기위한여러심리적, 생리적인요인도존재할것이며, 한의학적으로는암관련피로에침치료가경락의영위기혈기능을조절하고음양의불균형상태를조정하고허손된장부의기능을활성화하므로 11), 화학요법의부작용을감소시켜피로의개선에도움이된다고설명할수있을것이다. 침치료의안전성평가를위해혈액학적검사, 전해질검사, 혈청학적검사등을시행하였으며, 치료전후의차이는 paired-t test 를이용하여검정하였다. 이중헤모글로빈은치료전 10.87±1.05 g/ dl 에서 4 주간의침치료후 12.01±1.35 g/dl 로증가하였고, 이때 p 값은 로통계적인유의성을나타냈다. 암환자에서빈혈은다양한원인에의해나타나며특히항암화학치료에의해서, 직접적인암세포의골수침범, 그리고악성질환에연관된만성염증등이원인으로밝혀져있다 27). 빈혈은피로도와삶의질은물론전신상태를악화시켜서치료에따른생존률에도영향을미치는중요한인자로알려져있다 28). Jung 등 29) 의조사에서헤모글로빈이낮을수록피로도가높은것으로나타나, 피로도와헤모글로빈은일정한상관관계를나타냈다. 본연구에서는피로도와헤모글로빈수치사이의상관관계는연구하지않았으나, 피로도의개선과함께헤모글로빈의수치의증가가나타난것은침치료가피로도의개선뿐만아니라빈혈의개선에도도움이될수있다는단서를제공하는것으로여겨진다. 사람을대상으로한연구에서침치료가헤모글로빈의수치증가에도움을준다는연구는없었으나, 토끼를대상으로한실험에서약침이헤모글로빈의상승하는효과가있음을보고한연구가있다 30). 침치료로인해백혈구수가 ± 개 / μl 에서 ± 개 /μl 으로증가하였으나, 5% 유의수준에서통계적유의성은없었고, 경계역의차이는있었다. 그러나침치료전후모두백혈구수가정상범위내에있으므로임상적인의의는없을것으로생각된다. 4 주간의치료기간동안환자가호소하는이상반응도없었으며, 침치료의직접적인부작용으로알려진국소부위의출혈, 통증과침훈등을관찰할수없었으며, 치료후검사실소견에서유의한변화가나타나지않았다. 이로써폐암환자의피로도에대한침치료는비교적안전한것으로생각되며, 이후대규모연구를수행하는것이가능할것으로판단되었다. 폐암환자의피로도개선에대한침치료예비연구로수행되었던본연구에서 4 주라는비교적짧은시간동안침치료를수행한결과피로도점
9 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : 예비임상연구 수가유의하게감소하였다. 이는폐암환자의피로도의개선에침치료의효과에대한가능성을시사한다고볼수있다. 그러나본연구는몇가지한계점을가지고있다. 먼저, 피험자에대한맹검이이루어지지않은점이다. 실제로환자의기대감이건강과관련된결과에영향을미치는것으로알려져있다 31). 이런이유로임상연구에서할당은닉, 무작위배정등의방법을이용하여심각한 bias 를방지하도록하는것이다. 또한대조군이없어피로도개선및헤모글로빈의상승에대한침치료의효과를비교분석할수없는한계점이존재한다. 따라서 FSS 및헤모글로빈의상승이침치료의효과인지를확신할수는없지만, 침치료의피로도개선에대한다른연구들 25,26) 을참고했을때, 피로도개선에대한침치료의효과를배제할수는없다. 실제피험자수가작아결과를일반화하는데도한계가있다. 그러나예비연구결과, 폐암환자의피로도개선에침치료효과에대한가능성이존재하므로침치료의효과에대한더정확한근거마련을위해서는 RCT 에의거한연구방법을선택해이후연구를진행해야할것으로생각된다. 또장기간추적관찰을시행하여침치료의효과의지속정도를평가하는것도필요하며, 침치료가폐암환자의빈혈에미치는영향에대한추가적인연구도필요할것으로사료된다. V. 결론 저자들은침치료가피로감을호소하는폐암환자의피로개선에대한효과를평가하기위한향후연구의실행가능성을평가를위한예비연구를통해다음과같은결론을얻었다. 1. 피로도를호소하는폐암환자에서 4 주간의침치료가피로도의개선에도움을줄수있을것이다. 2. 피로도를호소하는폐암환자에서 4 주간의침치료가빈혈의개선에도도움을줄것이다. 3. 침치료가폐암환자의피로도개선에매우안전한치료법이다. 본예비임상연구의결과를바탕으로폐암환자 의피로도및빈혈의개선에대한침치료효과에대한명확한근거마련을위해대규모의환자를대상으로무작위배정대조군연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 감사의글 This study was funded by Comprehensive Integrative Medicine Institute(CIMI) in 참고문헌 1. Korea National Statistic Office annualreporton the cause of death statistics Available from: URL: 2. Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, et al. NCCN practice guidelines for cancer-related fatigue. Oncology ; 14 : Nail LM. Fatigue in patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 29: Adams F, Quesada JR, gutterman JU. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of human leukocyte interferon therapy in patients with cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984; 151 : Song DS, Yeo CD, Park JM, Sun DS, Hwang HS, Park SA, et al. The prevalence of fatigue in cancer patients at St. Vincent's hospital. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; 73: Deanna LB, Keith JP, Roger B, John P, Chellaraj B, Vernon H. Emotional and functional impact of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on patients with primary breast cancer. J Psychosocial Oncolog ; 18 : Cho JH, Son CG. Need for Development of Oriental Medicine-derived Systemic Treatments against Chronic Fatigue-associated Symptoms. J Korean Oriental Med ; 30 : Kwak KK, Cho JH, Son CG. Study on
10 현대성 김종대 권효정 정현정 chronic fatigue syndrome from oriental medicine point of view. Korean J Orient Int Med 2008 ; 29 : Lee JH, Park SM, Seung HS, Kim YC, Lee JH, Woo HJ. Clinical investigation of fatigue among outpatients. Korean J Orient Int Med 2001 ; 22 : Lee JH, Lee JH, Park SM, Kim YC, Lee JH, Woo HJ. Clinical investigation and follow-up monitoring of fatigue patients visiting the oriental medicine hospital. J Korean Oriental Med ; 21 : Yim JG. Acupuncture therapy. 1st ed. Seoul : Jipmoomdang : 164, , Kim SH, Park HJ, Park HA, Jang JH, Hwang KS, Lee SY. The clinical study on the effect of SAAM Acupuncture Treatment for Patients with Fatigue. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society ; 24 : Lee CI. The clinical study on the effect of acupuncture for chronic fatigue syndrome by syndrome differentiation. The Journal of Korea Oriental Drug Association ; 9 : Mendoza TR, Wang XS, Cleeland CS, Morrissey M, Johnson BA, Wendt JK, et al. The rapid assessment of fatigue severity in cancer patients: use of the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Cancer ; 85 : Piper BF, Dibble SL, Dodd MJ, Weiss MC, Slaughter RE, Paul SM. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 25 : Schwartz AL. Reliability and validity of the Schwartz cancer fatigue scale. Oncol Nurs Forum ; 25 : Hann DM, Denniston MM, Baker F. Measurement of fatigue in cancer patients: further validation of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Qual Life Res ; 9 : Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB. The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res ; 37 : Chung KI, Song CH. Clinical usefulness of fatigue severity scale for patients with fatigue, and anxiety or depression. Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine ; 9 : Choi YT. The Essential of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1st ed. Seoul : Hanglimseowon : 381-2, An YK. The Library of Acupuncure Point. 1st ed. Seoul : Seongbosa : 196, 342, Korea Food & Drug Administration. Clinical trial statistics guideline. Seoul : Korea Food & Drug Administration : Kim TH, Kang JW, Kim KH, Lee M, Kim JE, Kim JH, et al. Cupping for treating neck pain in video display terminal(vdt) users: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Occup Health Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]. 24. Kang SG, Kim SH, Park SJ, Kim HN, Park YJ, Song SW. The effects of non-surgical weight reduction on daytime sleepiness and fatigue in patients with obstructive sleep anpea. J of Korean Society for the study of obesity ; 20 : Johnston MF, Hays RD, Subramanian SK, Elashoff RM, Axe EK, Li JJ, et al. Patient education integrated with acupuncture for relief of cancer-related fatigue randomized controlled feasibility study. BMC Complement Altern Med ; 25 : Vickers AJ, Straus DJ, Fearon B, Cassileth BR. Acupuncture for postchemotherapy fatigue: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol ; 22 : Scagliotti GV, Novello S. Role of erythropoietin in the treatment of lung cancer associated anaemia. Lung Cancer. 2001; 34(Suppl 4) : Harper P, Littlewood T. Anaemia of cancer:
11 침치료가폐암환자의피로도에미치는영향 : 예비임상연구 impact on patient fatigue and long-term outcome. Oncology ; 69(Suppl 2) : Jung EJ, Park MY, Jung Y. Factors related to fatigue in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care ; 7 : Lee YH, Park HS. The study of aqua - acupuncture with Dansam - samultang at Ky jksu(bl17) on blood picture of rabbit with induced anemia ; 13 : Mondloch MV, Cole DC, Frank JW. Does how you do depend on how you think you'll do? A systematic review of the evidence for a relation between patients' recovery expectations and health outcomes. CMAJ 2001 ; 165 :
Lumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
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Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
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