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1 언어치료연구 제24권제4호 Journal of Speech-Language & Hearing Disorders , Vol.24, No.4, 267 ~ 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한음성장애환자의음성치료효과 The Effect of Voice Therapy in Voice Disorder Patients After Thyroid Radio Frequency Ablation 민영미 1) 이한국 2) 김성태 3) Young Mi Min Han Kook Lee Seong Tae Kim < Abstract > Purpose: Thyroid radio frequency ablation has been reported to have several relevant complications such as cervical hematoma, burn at the puncture site, and vocal fold paralysis due to recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of voice therapy in voice disorder patients caused by vocal fold paralysis or vocal paresis after thyroid radiofrequency ablation. Methods: Eight patients who were diagnosed with voice disorder after thyroid radiofrequency ablation as vocal fold paralysis or vocal paresis in videostroboscopic findings and a control group of seven patients who had no voice change after thyroid radiofrequency ablation were enrolled for this study. The voice disorder group received voice therapy using SKLCT and manual circumlaryngeal therapy, ranging from three to 13 sessions. Videostroboscopic findings and acoustic and aerodynamic evaluations were performed to compare between the voice disorder group and the control group and to examine the voice change on pre- and post-therapy. Results: In comparison with the control group, there was significant difference of jitter and MPT in the voice disorder group. After voice therapy, jitter and shimmer significantly reduced. MPT and frequency range were increased significantly. By videostroboscopic finding, glottic gap and supraglottic compressions were significantly reduced in most of patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that voice therapy using SKLCT is effective in improving negative symptoms and recovery of vocal cord paralysis or paresis can occur as a side effect after thyroid radio frequency ablation. We recommend to apply voice therapy promptly to voice disorder after Thyroid radio frequency ablation. Keywords: Thyroid, vocal fold paralysis, voice therapy, laryngeal calibration technique Ⅰ. 서론 갑상선결절의치료에는갑상선절제술이많이시행되고있는데, 이는목아래피부주름을따라절개하여직접적으로결절을제거하는방법으로수술시간과회복기간이길고, 흉터가남는다는부작용이있다. 고주파절제술 (radiofrequency ablation) 은조직에직접적인얇은전극을삽입한후열을가하여조직을괴사시키는신뢰할수있는방법이며 (Nahum Goldberg, 2001), 최소한의침습적인접근 1) Voice Clinic, Yeolin ENT 2) Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Yeollin ENT 3) Dept. of Speech Language Pathology, Dongshin University Received November 5, 2015 Revision received December 26, 2015 Accepted December 29, 2015 으로조직전체를치료할수있는시술로주목받고있다 (Gazelle, 2000; Yue et al., 2013). 수술시간은 30분정도로비교적짧고수술후에환자는바로퇴원이가능하다는장점이있다 (Gharib & Papini, 2007). 최근에는이방법이양성갑상선결절 (benign thyroid nodule) 의치료에도많이사용되고있는데이를갑상선고주파절제술 (thyroid radiofrequency ablation) 이라고한다. Jang 등 (2012) 은갑상선결절을치료하기위하여에탄올시술후만족하지못한환자들에게갑상선고주파절제술을시행하여그효과를확인하였고, Papini 등 (2014) 은크기가커지거나커질징후가있는비기능적갑상선결절 (solid non-functioning thyroid nodules) 을한번의갑상선고주파절제술로갑상선결절의부피가 50% 정도감소하며그증상이개선되었다고보고하였다. 또한 Yue 등 (2013) 은양성갑상선결절을가진환자에게 6개월동안갑상선고주파절제술을시행한결과 30.7% 가결절이소실되었음을보고 267

2 268 언어치료연구 ( 제 24 권제 4 호 ) 하였다. 하지만선행연구에서갑상선고주파절제술은경부의혈종, 수술부위의화상, 그리고되돌이후두신경 (recurrent laryngeal nerve) 의손상에의한성대마비 (vocal fold paralysis) 등몇가지부작용이나타난다고보고된바있다 (Gharib & Papini, 2007). 그중성대마비가음성변화에가장많은영향을미치는데일반적으로갑상선고주파절제술후나타난성대마비빈도는 1.3~3.3% 에이른다고보고하고있다 (Jeong et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2006; Riganti et al., 2010). Yue 등 (2013) 의연구에서는갑상선고주파절제술후환자들이후두신경에대한열손상이매우심각하다는것을확인하였다. 성대마비혹은성대부전마비 (vocal paresis) 를가진대부분의환자들은연하장애, 기식화된음성, 최대발성시간의감소, 음성피로 (voice fatigue) 그리고긴대화동안호흡의짧아짐과호흡을위한노력등다양한증상을보인다. 이런증상들은일반적으로후두를자극하는되돌이후두신경의손상으로기인한것이다 (Chen et al., 2014). 성대마비혹은성대부전마비를가진환자들을위한치료로음성치료와수술적방법이시행되는데음성치료방법으로는흡기발성, 밀기접근법, 복식호흡, 머리와목의이완법등이시행되고있으며 (Pacella et al., 2004; Stemple et al., 2000), 웃음과흡기발성, 그리고허밍등다양한생리적발성훈련과단계별가창훈련을활용한후두보정기법 (Seong-Tae Kim's laryngeal calibration technique, 이하 SKLCT ) 이소개된바있다 (Kim, 2015). 수술적방법으로는증상에따라성대내주입술, 갑상연골성형술제1형, 그리고피열연골내전술 (arytenoid adduction) 등이다양하게시행되고있다. Schindler 등 (2008) 은 40명의편측성대부전마비를가진환자에게음성치료를수행하여유의미한음성향상을나타내었다고보고하였으며, 음성치료단독으로도음질의향상을나타낼수있다고주장하였다. Jeong 등 (2010) 은일측성성대마비를가진환자들에게음성치료를수행한결과그효과를보고하며, 특히성문간격이크지않고, 음성의애성정도심하지않은경우더큰효과가있다고보고하였다. 그러나선행연구들은대부분갑상선절제술등과같이다양한수술적치료후발생한성대마비또는성대부전마비환자들의음성장애를해결하기위해음성치료를시행하여그치료효과를보고하였으며, 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한성대마비로인해음성장애를호소하는환자들의치료는아직까지보고된바가없는실정이다. 이에본연구는갑상선결절로고주파절제술을시행받은후성대마비혹은성대부전마비로인한음성변화가발생한환자들에게음성치료를시행하여그효과를알아보고자하였다. Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상 2012년 2월부터 2015년 1월까지양성갑상선결절로진단되어갑상선고주파절제술을받은환자들중음성변화를주소로본원에내원한성인여성 8명을대상으로하였으며, 비디오스트로보스코피 (videostroboscopy) 검사결과편측성대마비 (3명) 와성대부전마비 (5명) 로진단되었다. 대조군은갑상선고주파절제술후비디오스트로보스코피검사상정상후두소견을나타낸성인여성 7명을대상으로하였다. 음성치료를시행한환자군의연령분포는 21세에서 48세로평균 38.5세였으며, 대조군의연령분포는 27세에서 56세로평균 47.4세였다. 2. 실험방법 1) 음성치료갑상선고주파절제술후편측성대마비 (unilateral vocal fold paralysis) 또는성대부전마비가온 8명의환자모두는동일한음성치료방법이적용되었으며, 주된음성치료방법으로는웃음, 흡기발성, 허밍등을이용한 SKLCT 이시행되었다. SKLCT 의훈련방법은먼저웃음과함께흡기발성을유도한후점차적으로호기발성으로변화시킨다. 이후웃음과흡기발성후에모음을연속된연장발성으로전이시켜나간다. 마지막으로모음연장발성이잘유지되면흡기없이모음을연장하여발성하도록한다. 대상자중고음발성에특히어려움을나타내는환자에게는생리적발성훈련단계를시행한다음, 단계별가창훈련단계의기초발성훈련 (basic vocal training) 을통하여다양한음계에서발성을하도록유도하는방법을함께시행하였다 (Kim, 2015). 또한이차성근긴장성발성장애 (muscle tension dysphonia) 로인한긴장된후두근의이완을유도하기위하여후두마사지 (manual circumlaryngeal therapy) 도함께시행되었으며, 치료횟수는 3회 ~13회로평균 6.8회시행되었다. 2) 음성검사대상자들의치료전후성대질환과다양한성대의움직임을관찰하기위해비디오스트로보스코피 (HighLight Plus, INVENTIS) 를실시하였고, 검사결과의판독및진단은음성검사및음성치료임상경력이풍부한언어치료사 2명과이비인후과전문의 1명이시행하였다. 후두소견은 Awan과 Morrow(2007) 의연구에서사용된평가척도를활용하여양측성대의대칭성 (symmetry), 성문

3 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한음성장애환자의음성치료효과 269 폐쇄 (glottis closure) 정도, 이차성근긴장성발성장애소견을나타내는가성대압축 (false vocal fold medial compression) 과상후두의전후압축 (anterior-posterior compression) 의상태를비교하였다. 대칭성은성대의점막파동양상과진폭의대칭유무를확인하여 2점척도 (0= 대칭, 1= 비대칭 ) 로평가하였고, 성문폐쇄정도는성문이닫힘정도에따라 3점척도 (0= 완전폐쇄, 1= 부분적인불완전폐쇄, 2= 불완전폐쇄 ) 로평가하였다. 가성대압축과전후압축양상은 4점척도 (0= 정상, 1= 약한압축, 2= 중간압축, 3= 심한압축 ) 로평가하여비교하였다. 대상자들은음향학적검사를통하여음질의변화를확인하였는데음성분석은 CSL(computerized speech lab, model 4150B, KAY Elemetrics Corporation) 의 MDVP(multiple dimensional voice program) 를사용하여기본주파수 (fundamental frequency, F0), 주파수변동률 (jitter), 진폭변동률 (shimmer), 소음대배음비 (noise to harmonic ratio, NHR) 를측정하였고, Real-time Pitch 를통하여문장발화시기본주파수 (speaking fundamental frequency, 이하 SFF) 를측정하여비교하였다. MDVP 검사시소음이 10dB 이내인이비인후과내의조용한음성검사실에서환자와마이크 (SHURE-SM48) 의거리를약 10cm 정도유지하여가장편안한음성으로 /a/ 모음을 4초이상길게 3회발성하여측정한후평균을구하였으며, SFF는산책문단 (Jeong, 1994) 의첫문단을가장편안한음성으로읽게한후측정하였다. 공기역학적평가는 Dr. Speech 4.0(Tiger Electronics) 의 vocal assessment 를사용 (Jo & Jeong, 2004) 하여최대발성시간 (maximum phonation time, 이하 MPT) 을측정하였다. MPT는환자에게충분한흡기를 3초정도유도한후최대한길게 /a/ 발성을 3회시행하여이들중가장긴발성시간을기록하였다. 마지막으로음역범위프로필 (voice range profile, 이하 VRP) 을통하여주파수범위 (frequency range) 와강도범위 (intensity range) 를평가하였다. 환자와마이크의거리를 15cm 정도유지한후편안한음성으로 /a/ 모음을발성하여기준음도를맞춘다음, 각각의건반음을청취하여이를모방하여발성하도록유도하였다. Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 비디오스트로보스코피결과갑상선고주파절제술후음성변화가온환자들의음성개선을위하여음성치료를시행한결과, 치료전의후두소견에서편측성대마비 (5명) 와성대부전마비 (3명) 로진단되었던환자들이음성치료후 7명 (86%) 의환자가거의정상적인성대움직임으로회복되었다. 성대부전마비가회복되지않은나머지한명은성문간격이감소되어정상음성소견을나타내어환자의요청으로음성치료를종결하였다. 치료전성문폐쇄가부분적인불완전폐쇄가 6명 (75%), 불완전폐쇄가 2명 (25%) 이였고완전폐쇄는관찰되지않았다. 치료후불완전폐쇄는관찰되지않았고부분적인불완전폐쇄가 3명 (38%), 완전폐쇄는 5명 (62%) 이였다. 치료전모든환자들이진폭의비대칭성을보였으나, 치료후에는대칭인경우 7명 (86%), 비대칭인경우 1명 (14%) 으로나타났다. 또한가성대압축과전후압축양상이치료전에는약한압축 1명 (12%), 중간압축 4명 (50%), 심한압축 3명 (37%) 이였으나, 치료후에는정상소견이 3명 (37%), 약한압축 3명 (37%), 중간압축과심한압축이각 1명 (12%) 으로나타나음성치료후호전된양상을나타내었다 ( 그림 1). 갑상선고주파절제술후음성의변화가오지않은대조군의후두소견에서는대부분정상적인성대의움직임과대칭성, 그리고발성시완전한성문폐쇄가관찰되었으며, 근긴장성발성소견은관찰되지않았다 ( 그림 2). 3. 자료처리 자료의통계분석은 SPSS 18.0 for Window를이용하였으며, 갑상선고주파절제술후음성변화가온대상군과대조군의음성매개변수를비교하기위하여 Mann-Whitney U test를시행하였고, 갑상선고주파절제술후음성변화가온환자들의음성치료전후에음성매개변수의변화를알아보기위하여 Wilcoxon signed-rank test를시행하였다. 그림 1. 48세여성의음성치료전 (A) 음성치료후 (B) 후두소견 Figure 1. Videostroboscopic findings of pre-therapy (A) and post-therapy (B) in female patient (F/48)

4 270 언어치료연구 ( 제 24 권제 4 호 ) 표 2. 음성치료후의음향학적 공기역학적변수변화 Table 2. Change of voice parameters after voice therapy in patient group 그림 2. 대조군 45세여성의정상적인후두소견 Figure 2. Videostroboscopic finding of a woman in control group (F/45) 2. 음향학적 공기역학적검사결과 Parameter Pre Post voice therapy voice therapy Z F 0 (Hz) 198.0± ± SFF(Hz) 194.2± ± Jitter(%) 4.01± ± * Shimmer(%) 7.64± ± * NHR(%) 0.15± ± MPT(sec) 6.7± ± * VRP(Hz) 262.3± ± * Z values on Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 갑상선고주파절제술후정상적인후두소견을나타낸대조군과갑상선고주파절제술후편측성대마비또는성대부전마비로인하여음성변화가발생한환자군의치료전음향학적 공기역학적변수들을비교해본결과, jitter가통계적으로유의미하게높은것으로나타났으며, MPT가통계적으로유의미하게낮은것으로나타나대조군에비해환자군의음성변수들이차이가있음을확인하였다 (p<.05, 표 1). 나머지변수들도두군간에차이를보였으나, 통계적인유의성은확인할수없었다. 표 1. 환자군과대조군의음향학적공기역학적평가비교 Table 1. Comparison of patient group and control group in voice parameters Parameter Patient group Control (n=8) group (n=7) Z F 0 (Hz) 198.0± ± SFF (Hz) 194.2± ± Jitter (%) 4.01± ± * Shimmer (%) 7.64± ± NHR (%) 0.15± ± MPT (sec) 6.7± ± * Z values on Mann-whitney U test. * p<.05 음성치료를받은환자들의치료전후음향학적 공기역학적변화를비교해보면, 치료전대조군에비해유의하게증가되었던 jitter와 shimmer 가음성치료후통계적으로유의미하게감소하였고, 공기역학적변수인최대발성시간또한치료후에통계적으로유의미하게증가되었다 (p<.05, 표 2). 3. 음역범위프로필 (VRP) 검사결과 표 3. 환자군과대조군의음역범위프로필평가비교 Table 3. Comparison of patient group and control gorup in Voice Range profile Parameter Patient Control group(n=8) group(n=7) Z Max.freq(Hz) 417.0± ± Min.freq(Hz) 158.6± ± Max.dB(dB) 95.5± ± * Min.dB(dB) 68.8± ± Z values on Mann-whitney U test. * p<.05 표 4. 음성치료후의음역범위프로필평가변화 Table 4. Change of voice range profile after voice therapy in patient group Parameter Pre Post voice therapy voice therapy Z Max.freq(Hz) 417.0± ± * Min.freq(Hz) 158.6± ± * Max.dB(dB) 95.5± ± * Min.dB(dB) 68.8± ± Z values on Wilcoxon signed-rank test. * p<.05 정상소견을나타낸대조군과음성변화가발생한환자군의 VRP 평가결과에서최대강도범위가유의미한차이를나타내었다 (p<.05, 표 3). 또한, 성대마비또는성대부전마비가있는환자들의발성능력에도변화가있는지를알아보기위하여 VRP를평가한결과, 치료후최소주파수범위를제외한최대 최소주파수범위, 최대강도범위가치료전에비해통계적으로유의미하게증가되었다 (p<.05, 표 4).

5 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한음성장애환자의음성치료효과 271 Ⅳ. 논의및결론갑상선고주파절제술은갑상선절제술 (thyroidectomy) 과달리갑상선양성결절을치료하는비교적간단한비수술적요법이다. 그러나이요법또한갑상선절제술과같이여러가지부작용을초래하는데그중가장대표적인것이성대마비나성대부전마비로인한음성의변화이다. 갑상선고주파절제술후음성변화에대한연구는많이보고되었지만 (Jang et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2006; Nahum Goldberg, 2001; Riganti et al., 2010), 그에따른음성치료에대한연구는보고된바가거의없는실정이다. 본연구는갑상선고주파절제술후발생한성대마비또는성대부전마비로인하여음성장애가발생한환자들의음성치료사례를국내에서는처음으로보고한사례라는점에서연구의의의가있다. 본연구에참여한대상자들은음성의변화가 2주이상지속된후즉각적으로음성치료를시행하였는데, Schindler 등 (2008) 은성대마비나성대부전마비는치료없이자연회복되는경우가많으므로임상현장에서는마비가온이후즉각적인치료가이루어지기보다는자연회복기간동안에회복을기다린후에음성치료나그밖의수술적처지를하는것이일반적이라고하였다. 하지만, 호흡, 발성, 연하를복원하기위하여성대마비또는성대부전마비를빠르게효과적으로치료를하는것은매우중요하다. 최근에 Mattioli 등 (2014) 의연구에의하면, 171명의편측성대마비환자에게음성치료를시행한결과, 8주가지난뒤에음성치료를시행하는것보다 4주이내에음성치료를시행하는것이더큰효과를얻었다고보고한바있다. 따라서음성치료는음성변화가 2주이상지속된다면즉각적으로이루어져야할것으로사료된다. 갑상선고주파절제술후정상적인후두소견을나타낸대조군과의비교에서, 음성장애환자군은규칙적인성대운동을나타내는음향학적변수인 jitter와대표적인공기역학적변수인 MPT가통계적으로유의미한차이를나타내었다. 이는성대마비또는성대부전마비로인해음성장애가발생하였음을보여주는지표로사료된다. 음성치료후시행된비디오스트로보스코피검사결과, 환자들은치료전편측성대마비또는성대부전마비로인한성대의비대칭적움직임과불완전한성문폐쇄, 성문상부압축소견등이대부분호전된것으로나타내었으며, 음향학적평가에서 jitter와 shimmer가치료전에비해통계적으로유의미하게감소되어음질의정상화를가져온것으로확인되었다. 이는음성치료가환자들의성대접촉양상회복에직접적인요인으로작용하였음을보여주는결과로 사료된다. 또한치료전협소하였던 VRP가치료후최대 최소주파수범위최대강도범위가통계적으로유의미하게확장된소견을나타내었으며, 공기역학적평가인 MPT도통계적으로유의미한증가를나타내었다. 이는갑상선고주파절제술후음성장애가지속된환자들의후두기능이음성치료후회복되었고발성기능의향상을가져와정상적인성대진동패턴을회복하였음을보여주는결과로생각된다. 대상자들은가성대발성과같은근긴장성소견을나타내었는데, Kim과 Yoon(2013) 은진성대의조직변화가발생하면가성대가지성대의상부일부또는완전하게덮거나가성대발성을하게된다고하였다. 본연구에서사용한후두마사지방법은근긴장성발성장애환자들에게효과가있는것으로보고된 Aronson 의방법으로과도한후두근과후두주위근육의긴장을이완시켜이차성근긴장성발성장애소견의회복에도움이되었던것으로사료된다 (Van Liered et al., 2010). 또한이연구에서시행된음성치료방법은 Kim(2015) 이고안한 SKLCT 를사용하였다. 이치료법은생리적발성인웃음과함께흡기발성, 허밍등을사용하여성문상부의과긴장을줄이고동시에성대진동패턴을정상화하는후두보정훈련과단계별가창훈련을이용하여성대기능의정상화를촉진하는총체적음성치료기법이다. 선행연구에서노인성음성장애환자들의치료법으로고안되었던 SKLCT 가본연구에서는고주파절제술로야기된성문의불완전한폐쇄와비대칭성을동반한성대마비혹은성대부전마비환자들에게도유용한치료결과를가져왔다는점에서향후성대마비또는성대부전마비환자의치료에활용할수있을것으로사료된다. 또한 Jeong 등 (2010) 은고음의흡기발성을이용해서성대의높이차이를줄이고성대를내전시킴으로써기존의성대마비환자를위한음성치료기법들보다빠른치료효과를기대할수있다고보고하였으며, 본연구결과와도일치하는결과로사료된다. 결론적으로, SKLCT 를이용한음성치료가양성갑상선결절의고주파절제술후부작용으로발생할수있는편측성대마비또는성대부전마비환자들의음성개선과증상회복에효과가있는것으로확인되었다. 향후갑상선고주파절제술후장기간음성변화가지속될경우음성치료가필요할것으로사료된다. 본연구의제한점은대상자수가적어통계학적인의의를규명하기에는부족한면이있으며, 향후많은사례연구를통해지속적인검증이필요할것으로사료된다.

6 272 언어치료연구 ( 제 24 권제 4 호 ) 참고문헌 Awan, S. N., & Morrow, D. L. (2007). Videostro- boscopic characteristic of young adult female smoker vs. nonsmokers. Journal of Voice, 23(2), Chen, X., Wan, P., Yu, Y., Li, M., Xu, Y., & Huang, Z. (2014). Types and timing of therapy for vocal fold paresis/paralysis after thyroidecto- my: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Voice, 28(6), Gazelle, G. S. (2000). Tumor ablation with radio- frequency energy. Radiology, 217(3), Gharib, H., & Papini, E. (2007). Thyroid nodules: clinical importance, assessment, and treat- ment. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 36(3), Jang, S. W., Baek, J. H., Kim, J. K., Sung, J. Y., Choi, H., Lim, H. K., Park, J. W., Lee, H. Y., Park, S., & Lee, J. H. (2012). How to manage the patients with unsatisfactory results after ethanol ablation for thyroid nodules: Role of radiofrequency ablation. European Journal of Radiology, 81(5), Jeong, G. E., Kim, S. T., Kim, S. Y., Roh, J. L., Nam, S. Y., & Choi, S. H. (2010). Factors predictive of voice therapy outcome in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Journal of Korean society of laryngology, phoniatrics and logopedics, 21(2), [ 정고은, 김성태, 김상윤, 노종열, 남순열, 최승호 (2010). 일측성성대마비환자에서음성치료효과를예측할수있는인자. 대한음성언어의학회, 21(2), ] Jeong, O. R. (1994). Daegu Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Daegu: Korean Speech-language & Hearing Association. [ 정옥란 (1994). 대구실어증진단검사. 대구 : 한국언어치료학회.] Jeong, W. K., Baek, J. H., Rhim, H., Kim, Y. S., Kwak, M. S., Jeong, H. J., & Lee, D. (2008). Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: Safety and imaging follow-up in 236 patients. Eur Radiol, 18, Jo, S. M., & Jeong, O. R. (2004). A correlation study between acoustic and physiologic parameters in voice patients. Journal of Speech-Language and Hearing Disorders, 13(3), [ 조성미, 정옥란 (2004). 음성장애인의음향학적측정치와생리학적측정치에대한상관관계연구. 언어치료연구, 13(3), Kim, S. W., & Yoon, J. H. (2013). Postional change of the false vocal folds on patients with voice Disorders. Journal of Speech-Language and Hearing Disorders, 22(2), [ 김선우, 윤지혜 (2013). 진성대질환군에따른가성대움직임의비교. 언어치료연구, 22(2), ] Kim, S. T. (2015). Effects of SKLCT for voice improvement in patients with presbyphonia. Speech science, 7(3), [ 김성태 (2015). 후두보정기법이노인성음성장애환자의음성개선에미치는효과. 말소리와음성과학, 7(3), ] Kim, Y. S., Rhim, H., Tae, K., Park. D. W., & Kim, S. T. (2006). Radiofrequency ablation of benign cold thyroid nodules: Initial clinical experience. Thyroid, 16(4), Mattioli, F., Menichetti, M., Bergamini, G., Molteni, G., Alberici, M. P., Luppi, M. P., Nizzoli F., & Presutti, L. (2014). Results of early versus intermediate or delayed voice therapy in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis: Our experience in 171 patients. Journal of Voice, 29(4), Nahum Goldberg, S. (2001). Radiofrequency tumor ablation: Principles and techniques. European Journal of Ultrasound, 13(2), Pacella, C. M., Bizzarri, G., Spiezia, S., Bianchi, A., Guglielmi, R., Crescenzi, A., Pacella, S., Toscano, V., & Papini, E. (2004). Thyroid tissue: US-guided percutaneous laser thermal ablation. Radiology, 232(1), Papini, E., Pacella, C. M., Misischi, I., Guglielm, R., Bizzarri, G., Dossing, H., & Hegedus, L. (2014). The advent of ultrasound-guided ablation techniques in nodular thyroid disease: Towards a patient-tailored approach. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 28(4), Riganti, F., Bertani, A., Formisano, D., & Pacella, C. M. (2010). Percutaneous laser ablation of cold benign thyroid nodules: A 3-year follow-up study in 122

7 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한음성장애환자의음성치료효과 273 patients. Thyroid, 20(11), Schindler, A., Bottero, A., Capaccio, P., Ginocchi, D., Adorni, F., & Ottaviani, F. (2008). Vocal improvement after voice therapy in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Journal of Voice, 22(1), Stemple, J. C., Glaze, L. E., & Klaben, B. G. (2000). Clinical voice pathology: Theory and management (3rd ed). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group. Yue, W., Wang, S., Wang, B., Xu, Q., Yu, S., Yongl, Z., & Wang, X. (2013). Ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules: Safety and imaging follow-up in 222 patients. European Journal of Radiology, 82, Van Liered, K. M., Bodt, M. D., Dhaeseleer, E., Wuyts, F., & Claeys, S. (2010). The treatment of muscle tension dysphonia: A comparison of two treatment techniques by means of an objective multiparameter approach. Journal of Voice, 24(3),

8 274 언어치료연구 ( 제 24 권제 4 호 ) 국문초록 갑상선고주파절제술후발생한음성장애환자의음성치료효과 민영미 1) 이한국 2) 김성태 3) 목적 : 갑상선고주파절제술 (thyroid radiofrequency ablation) 은경부의혈종, 시술후의화상, 되돌이후두신경 (recurrent laryngeal nerve) 의손상에의한성대마비 (vocal fold paralysis) 등의부작용이보고된바있다. 본연구의목적은갑상선결절로고주파절제술후성대마비또는성대부전마비로음성변화를보인환자들에게음성치료를시행하여그효과를알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 갑상선고주파절제술후스트로보스코피검사상편측성대마비또는성대부전마비로진단받은성인여성 8명을대상으로하였고, 대조군은갑상선고주파절제술후음성변화를보이지않았던성인여성 7명을대상으로하였다. 대조군과의차이와치료전, 후음성변화를확인하기위해음성검사를시행하여기본주파수 (F 0 ), 주파수변동률 (Jitter), 진폭변동률 (Shimmer), 소음대배음비 (NHR), 문장발화시기본주파수 (SFF), 주파수역동범위 (VRP), 최대발성시간 (MPT) 등을측정하여비교분석하였다. 결과 : 음성장애환자들은대조군과의비교에서, jitter과 MPT에서통계적으로유의미한차이를나타냈으며, 음성치료를받은환자들은성문간격이치료후유의미하게감소되었고, 가성대압축과같은근긴장성발성장애소견이현저하게호전되었다. 또한음향학적평가결과 jitter과 shimmer 이통계적으로유의미하게감소되었고, VRP와 MPT도유의하게증가하였다. 결론 : 양성갑상선결절의고주파절제술후부작용으로발생할수있는편측성대마비또는성대부전마비환자들의음성개선과증상회복에 SKLCT 를이용한음성치료가효과가있는것으로확인되었다. 향후갑상선고주파절제술후장기간음성변화가지속될경우즉각적인음성치료가필요할것으로사료된다. < 검색어 > 갑상선, 성대부전마비, 음성치료, 후두보정기법 1) 민영미 ( 제 1 저자 ) : 열린이비인후과음성센터언어재활사 2) 이한국 ( 공동저자 ) : 열린이비인후과이비인후과전문의 3) 김성태 ( 교신저자 ) : 동신대학교언어치료학과교수 (voicekim@dsu.ac.kr) 게재신청일 : 수정제출일 : 게재확정일 :

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