대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 553"'560 Journal of Korean Radiological Society, May, 1993 명백한장폐색증의소견을보이는 장중첩증에서의통기법의평가 울산동강병원방사선과 -Abstract - 오동헌 김옥화 김기성 김
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1 대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 553"'560 Journal of Korean Radiological Society, May, 1993 명백한장폐색증의소견을보이는 장중첩증에서의통기법의평가 울산동강병원방사선과 -Abstract - 오동헌 김옥화 김기성 김용길 권중혁 Evaluation of Pneumoreduction in Intussusception with Sign of Frank Intestinal Obstruction. Dong Heon, Oh, M.D., Ok Hwa Kim, M.D., Ki Sung Kim, M.D., Yong Kil Kim, M.D., Jung Hyeok Kwon, M.D. Deþartη~ent 01 Radiology, Dong Kang General Hospital, Ulsaη Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstructions during infancy and early childhood. Barium reduction and pneumoreduction have been used widely as nonsurgical method of treatment in radiologic department. In the past, attempts at barium reduction of intussusception were contraindicated in the presence of frank intestinal obstruction, shock, fever, dehydration, bowel perforation, peritonitis and longstanding symptoms. At present, however, there is no agreement on the contraindications, except for shock, peritonitis and bowel perforation. Especially, there is no consensus regarding its application on patient presenting with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. The authors analyzed the effect of pneumoreduction in the intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. Pneumoreduction was attempted in 53 cases of intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. Reduction was successful in 43 cases (81 %). The mean fluroscopic time was 15.1 rninutes and mean maxim 떠 pressure was 121.8mmHg in successful reduction. As complications, two cases of bowel perforation were observed, but could be treated surgically without any significant problem. In condusion, pneumoreduction is a useful substitute for barium reduction in the manage 띠 ent of pediatric intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. Index Words: Intussusception , Infants, newbom, gastrointestinal tract , Intestines, obstruction 서론장중첩증의치료에있어서는수술적방법과, 바륨관장법, 초음파유도하의식염수관장법그리고통기법이현재까지이용되어져왔다. 그중에서바륨관장법과통기 법이가장많이이용되고있는데, 여러가지변에있어서통기법이바륨관장법보다나은정복술로판단되고있다 (1-3). 바륨관장법은시술을시행하는데있어서금기증여부 ( ) 가논란이되어왔다. 그중에서증상발현후오랜시간이경과한환아와명백한장폐색증의소견이있는 이논문은 년 12 월 8 일접수하여 년 2 월 3 일에채택되었음. 짧
2 대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 환아에서특히문제가되어왔는데, 전자의경우는여러가지상황에따라매우다양하게추정될수있기때문에객관적으로정확하지않을수있으나 ( 10), 후자의경우는단순복부 x-선촬영을함으로써방사선학적으로진단할수가있다. 그러나이러한바륨관장법에있어서논란이되어왔던 명백한장폐색증의소견이있는환아 에서의통기법의의의에대해서는자료나문현상에언급되지않았다. 저자들은단순복부 X 선상에명백한장폐색증의소견이보이는환아들에서통기법을시도하여좋은정복효 Table 1. Reduction Rate Related to the Duration of Symptoms in the Cases with Frank Intestinal ObstructlOn. Duration No. of casesno. of reduced Reduction rate (hour) cases (%) > 과를얻었기에그결과를문현고찰과함께보고하는바이 다. Table 2. Duration of Procedure & Pressure Applied in the Cases with Frank Intestinal Obstruction 대상및방법저자들은 1990년 3월부터 1992년 3월까지 2년동안울산동강병원을내원하여통기법으로장중첩증이확인된환아 208명중명백한장폐색증의소견을보여준 53명을대상으로하였다. 이들을대상으로정복유무, 정복하는데걸리는시간그리고최고압력을중심으로후향적으로분석하였다. 단순복부 X 선상다발성의가스로팽창된소 mmhg < >151 Total (%) mm. < (35.8) (45.3) (15.1) > ( 3.8) Total (%) (1 5.1) (45.3) (1 8.9) (20.7) (100) 장의수면상과, 결장과직장에서의가스및분변음영의 현저한감소가있을때장폐색증으로진단하였다 ( Fig. 성공하여 81% 의성공률을보여주었다. 첫증상발현후 1a,b) (13-17). 저자들이사용한방법은먼저 Foley 까테타를직장에삽입하고검압계와연결시킨후압력을감시하면서투시하에공기를주입하였다 (1, 2). 정복의성공여부는 x -선투시하에서소장내로공기가충만됨과동시에중첩선단부가소실되며검압계의압력이떨어지면정복된것 (Fig. 1) 으로판단하였다. 회장회장대장형 ( ileoileocolic type) 은계속해서소장내로공기를주입하여중첩선단부가소실되면서소장이공기로충만되고압력이떨어질때정복된것으로판단하였다. 정복시높은압력에도 intussusce. ptum의진행이없거나환아가토하거나혹은호흡장애등을보일때는시술을중단하고 5분정도의시간간격을두고반복시행하였다. 내원까지의시간간격을보면 시간사이가 2 1 례 ( 39.6%) 로가장많았으며대체적으로시간이오래경과 될수록정복률이감소되었다 ( Table 1). 정복시소요시간 은 11-30분사이가 24례 ( 45.3% ) 로가장많았고최고 순간압력은 mmHg 사이가 24 례 ( 45. 3% ) 로가 장많았다 ( Table 2). 정복에성공한환아에있어서정복 하는데걸린시간은평균 15.1 분이었고최고순간압력 의평균은 mmHg 였다. 이는전체 208 례중장폐 색증의소견이없이정복에성공한 1 47 례의평균 ( 9.8 minutes / l0l.3mmhg) 보다많은시간과높은압력이요 구되었다 ( Table 3). 53 례중 ileoileocolic type(fig. 2) 이 3 례있었는데 2 례에서정복에실패하였고 l 례에서만정복에성공하였다. 첫시술후재발한환아는 5 례 ( 9.4% ) 였고한례에서는 14 결 과 번까지재발하였다. 합병증으로는장천공 ( Fig.3 ) 이 2례가있었는데 1례는 증상발현후 48 시간이지나내원한환아로수술소견상 전체 208 명의장중첩증 ( in tussuscepti on) 환아중시술 전단순복부 X 선상명백한장폐색증의소견을보인 횡행결장에 pin-point 천공이있어도수정복및천공부 위일차봉합으로치료하였고다른 1 례는증상발현후 12 환아는 53 명 (1 8.9%) 이었다. 53 례중 43 례에서정복에 시간이지나내원한환아로수술소견상맹장과상행결
3 오동헌외 : 명백한장폐색증의소견을보이는장중첩증에서의통기법의평가 a b c Fig. 1. Sequential radiographs obtained during pneumoreduction of ileocolic intussusception. a,b. Anteroposterior supine ( 띠 and erect (b) abdominal radiographs show multiple dilated loops of small bowel with air-fluid levels and absence of gas or fe 때 shadows in the colon, typical of intestinal obstruction. c. Intussusceptum (black arrowheads) is identified in the ascending colon. d. After successful reduction, air fùls small bowel. d
4 대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 553~560 a b c d Fig. 2. Sequential radiographs obtained during pneumoreduction of ileoileocolic intussusception. a,b. Anteroposterior supine (a) and erect (b) abdominal radiographs show m버 tiple dilated loops of small bowel with air-fluid levels and absence of gas shadows in the colon, typic혀 of intestinal obstruction c. Intussusceptum (white arrowheads) is identified in the transverse colon. d. Intussusceptum (black arrowheads) progresses to the mid-portion of ileum through ileocecal valve, but complete reduction is not obtained
5 오동헌외 : 명백한장폐색증의소견을보이는장중칩증에서의통기법의평가 Table 4. Reduction Rate related to the Symptoms & Signs in total Patients. sx & sign No. of No. of reduced % cases cases Fever Dehydration Fever & Dehydration Long duration of symp tom (> 48hr) l)obstruction sign (+) )obstruction si밍1(-) on the plain film 장에심한괴사와더불어맹장부위에심한천공이있어 right hem i colectomy 를시행하였다. 전체 208 례중에서발열 (fever) 흑은탈수 ( d e h ydra ti on) 증상을나타낸환아는 61례가있었는데 54례에서정 복에성공하여 88.5% 의성공률 (Table 4 ) 을보였고합 병증은 1 례도없었다. 고 찰 Fig. 3. Perforation during pneumoreduction of intussusceptlon Large amount of intraperitoneal free air is noted. Table 3. Results of 208 Cases in Childhood Intussuception. NO.of Mean Mean maximal cases fluroscopy pressure time (min.) (mmhg) Successful reduc tion with FIO Failed reduction with FIO Successful reduc tion without FIO Failed reduction without FIO * FIO: frank intestinal obstruction 장중첩증은장의상부의한부분 ( proximal segment) 이하부의한부분 ( dist a l sege ment ) 으로함입된상태로대개생후 3개월에서 1세사이에서가장흔히발생하는질환이다 ( 4, 5). 진단은임상소견으로어느정도가능하며바륨관장혹은공기주입등으로 intu ssusceptum을찾아냄으로써확진할수있다. 장중첩증의치료로서는 1 873년 J onathan H utchison 이수술적정복을시행한이래바륨관장법, 통기법, 초음파유도하의식염수관장법등의비수술적방법들이개발되어이용되고있다. 이중바륨관장법과통기법이가장널리이용되고있는데, 통기법은시술이간단하고정복에걸리는시간이짧으며감입부가비교적잘보이고, 대장의정상생리에장애가없으며회장회장형 ( ileoil ea l type) 의진단과정복이용이하며장파열시덜치명적인변에있어서바륨관장법보다나은정복술로판단되고있다 ( 1-3). 그러나아직도많은병원, 의원에서는바륨관장정복술이이용되고있다. 이것은병원나름대로의전통과방사선과의사의수련시절경험에따라치료방법이선택되고있는것같다. 바륨관장법은시행에있어 어떤경우가긍기증이되는가 에대해서많은저자들에게논란의대상이되어왔다. 대체적으로과거에는명백한장폐색, 발열, 복막염, 쇼크, 탈수혹은장천공이있거나증상발현후 48시간이 m
6 대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 553~560 a Fig. 4. Intussusceptum with large size and lobulated margin in the failed case a. Intussusceptum (black arrowheads) is identified in the hepatic f1exure b. Intussusceptum (white arrowheads) progresses to the ileoceca1 area, showing large size and lobulated margt.n b 지난환아에서금기증 ( 4-8 ) 으로여겼으나, 최근보고에의하면발열과탈수증상을보이는환아에서더이상금기증으로여기지않고있으며, 명백한장폐색과증상발현후 48시간이지난환아에대해서도의견을달리하고있다 (9-12). 명백한장폐색증 은방사선학적으로진단이가능하나, 증상발현후 48시간이지난환아 에있어서는증상발현시점이정확하지않기때문에다양하게추정될수있어서 ( 10 ) 저자들은객관적자료로삼기에는부적당하다고보았다. 그러나대체적으로증상발현후오랜시간이경과한환아일수록정복률이감소하였다. 전자와후자모두바륨관장법을시행하는데있어서장천공과바륨복막염의위험이지적되고있으나 ( 10, 18), 이러한환아들에있어서특히명백한장폐색증의소견을가진환아에있어서의통기법의의의에대해서는자료나문현상에언급이없다. 때ω저자들은 208 명의장중첩증환아중 plain film 상명백 한장폐색의소견을보이는 53 명에서통기법을시행하여 81% 의성공률을얻었다. 이는같은대상에있어바륭관 장정복술의성공률을분석한 Leo nid as 의 41% (9), G i er up등의 60% (1 2) 그리고 Humphry등의 24% ( 1 8) 에 비해서는월등히높은성공률을나타내었고전체환아의 통기법을분석한 Fiorito, Cuestu s 의 94% (1), Sae n z 와 Paviotti 의 92% (1), 김등의 92% (1 9), 이등의 91% (20), 김등의 91. 6% (2), 그리고 S hiel s 등의 87% ( 2 1) 에 비해서는조금낮은성공률을보여주었으며, 최근에발표 된 Stein등의 80.9% ( 22 ) 와는비슷한성공률을보여주었 다. 또한과거전체환아의바륨관장정복술의성공률 ( 60-80% ) 에비교하면뒤떨어지지않았다 ( 4, 5, 12, 23). 합병증으로 2례 (3, 7% ) 의장천공이있었는데천공부 위단순봉합과 right hemicolectomy 를하여심각한후
7 오동헌외 명백한장폐색증의소견을보이는장중첩증에서의통기법의평가 유증이없이잘치유되었다. 정복에실패한 10 례에있어 서선단부가 ileocecal valve 부위까지는진행하였는데 8 례에서그선단부의모양이정복된예와비교하여상당 히변연이분엽 ( margin a l lobul ation) 되어있었으며크 기도커져있었다 ( Fi g. 4) 저자들의추측으로는이러한 모양이장이함입되는과정에서비균질적으로함입되어 생기는것으로생각되며정복을어렵게하는요소가된다 고생각된다. 기타과거바륨관장법의금기증인발열이나 탈수증상을나타낸환아에있어서는금기증으로고려될 만한결과가나타나지않았다. 염, 저자들의예에서는복막 쇼크혹은천공이시술전나타난예는없었으나이러 한경우는그자체가심각한질환상태이기때문에절대적 금기증이될것으로사료된다. 전체적으로 plain film 에서명백한장폐색증이있는 환아의정복률 ( 8 1%) 이없는환아의정복률 ( 95% ) 보다는 떨어졌다. 그러나명백한장폐색증이있는환아에서도 비교적높은정복률을보였고, 같은대상에있어서의바 륨관장법의정복률 ( 9, 12, 18) 보다는월등히좋은결과를 얻었기에통기법에있어서명백한장폐색증이 plain film 에서보일지라도금기증을고려할필요없이시행할 수있고, 또한숙련된시술을할시에는좋은결과를얻 을수있다고생각한다. 결론적으로장중첩증의치료에있어서과거바륨관장 법에있어문제가되어왔던명백한장폐색증의소견을 보이는환아에서도통기법은비교적안전하게시행할수 있는좋은치료법으로생각된다. 참고문헌 1. Fiorito ES, Cuestas LAR. Diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal intussusception with controlled insufflation of air. Pediatrics 1959; 24: 김용길, 김진철, 서경진등. 소아장중첩증의공기주입 정복술. 대한방사선의학회지 1987: 23 (1) : 고재휴, 이희우, 최병수, 윤종섭. 통기법을이용한급 성장중첩증의진단과치료 : 11 (3) 대한방사선의학회지 4. Silverman FN, Kuhn JP. Essentials of Caffey s Ped.iatric X-ray diagnosis. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1990; Nelson WE, Behrman RE, Vaughan III VC. Textbook of Pediatrics. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983; 닮6. Margulis AR, Burhenne HJ. Alimentary Tract Roentgenology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1973; Jinzhe Z, Yenxia W, Linchi W. Rect 띠 inflation reduction of intussusception infants. J Ped.iatr Surg 1986; 2 1: Rosenkrantz JG, Cox JA, Silverman FN, Martin LW. Intussusception in the : indications for operation. J Pediatr Surg 1977; 12: Ein SH, Stephen CA. Intussusception:354 cases in 10 years. J Ped.iatr Surg 1971 ; 6: Leonidas J C. Treatment of intussusception with small bowel obstruction: application of decision analysis. AJR 1985; 145: Bisset III GS, Kirks DR. Intussusception in infants and children: diagnosis and therapy, Radiology, 1988; 168: Gierup J, J orulf H, Livaditis A. Management of intussusception in infants and children: a suπey based of 288 consecutive cases. Pediatrics 1972; 50: Plavsic BM, Robinson AE, J effrey RB. Gastrointestinal radiology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992; Juhl JH, Crummy AB. Essential of radiologic imaging. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1987; 정경희, 장재천, 조길호, 민현식, 하정옥, 황미수. 소 아장중첩증의방사선학적소견 : 22 (2) : 대한방사선의학회지 16. 정만균, 김병수. 소아장중첩증의 x - 선학적고찰. 대 한방사선의학회지 1975: 11(1) : Swischuk LE. Imaging of the N ew bron Infant & young child. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1987: Humphη A, Ein SH, Mok PM. Perforation of the intussuscepted colon. AJR 1981; 137: 김남헌, 박원아, 김인호등. 소아장중첩증의임상적 Q u 고찰. 소아과 1982 : 25 : 이규순, 장수일. 소아장중첩증에서의공기주장정복술. 대한외과학회지 1984 : 26 : Shiels II WE, Maves CK, Hedlund GL, Kirks DR. Air enema for diagnosis and reduction of intussusception: clinical cxperience and pressure correlates. Radiology 1991; 181 : Stein M, Douglns J, Danemer A. Pneumatic re-
8 대한방사선의학회지 1993 ; 29 (3) : 553"-'560 duction of Intussusception 5 year Experience. Radiology 1992; 183: Benson CD, Lloyd JR, Fischen H. Intussusce 압 tion in infants and chidren. Arch Surg 1963; 86:
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