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1 원저 ISSN 일산병원학술지 2017;16(1):28-35 Vater 씨팽대부암의치료및예후 국민건강보험일산병원외과 권국환, 이진호, 홍영기, 임치영, 허호, 이상훈, 강중구 Treatment and Prognosis of Ampullary Cancer Kuk Hwan Kwon, Jin Ho Lee, Young Gi Hong, Chi Young Lim, Ho Hur, Sang Hoon Lee, Jung Gu Kang Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea Background: True ampullary cancer is unusual and have a better prognosis than other periampullary cancer. It can be difficult to differentiate ampullary cancer from other periampullary cancer preoperatively but an aggressive approach to diagnosis and treatment is needed for this favorable disease. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 33 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer in this hospital from March 2000 to December 2015 with SPSS for Windows program. Results: The mean age was 64 years and the commonest clinical presentation were obstructive jaundice. Majority had adenocarcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in all 33 patients. Overall postoperative morbidity was 36.4%, in which pancreatic fistula was in 12.2% by International study group of pancreatic fistula (ISGPF) definition grade B and C which influencing the clinical impact. Recurrence was in 44.8%, mean interval from operation to recurrence was 18.3 months and from recurrence to death was 11.3 months. Cumulative survival rate was at 12 months, at 36 and 60 months, at 132 months and mean estimated survival was 96.5 months. Conclusion: Ampullary cancer had better prognosis than other periampullary cancer. Pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer is still difficult but relatively safe operation with acceptable postoperative mortality and morbidity, but we have to make every effort to reduce the complications. Key Words: Ampullary cancer; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Morbidity; Recurrence; Prognosis 서론 Vater 씨팽대부는총수담관의말단과췌장관이합류하여십이지장에개구하는부위를싸고있는 Oddi 괄약근의십이지장쪽부위를말하는것으로, 십이지장내부에서보면불룩하게올라와보이는부위이다. 담즙이간에서만들어지면담낭에서농축, 저장되었다가소화에필요한경우담낭수축에의하여농축된담즙이총수담관을거쳐췌관과합류후팽대 책임저자 : 권국환 경기도고양시일산동구일산로 100 국민건강보험일산병원외과전화 : (031) , 팩스 : (031) kwon317@nhimc.or.kr * 본연구는국민건강보험일산병원의연구비지원으로이루어졌음 ( 임의연 ). 부를통해십이지장으로배출되고, 또한췌장에서만들어진중요한소화효소도췌장액을형성해췌관을거쳐담관과합류후팽대부를통해십이지장으로배출된다. 이처럼팽대부는담관과췌관에서의소화액분비를조절하는기관이다 1. 팽대부주변암 (periampullary neoplasm) 은팽대부에근접해있는췌장, 십이지장, 총수담관의말단부및팽대부에서발생하는암을말하는데, 이경우담관이폐쇄되어황달이생겨조기진단을받는경우가많다. 이중팽대부에국한되어발생하는암이팽대부암이며, 이는매우드물어소화기악성종양의 0.5%, 전체팽대부주변암의 6% 정도를차지하고있으나수술로절제된팽대부주변암의 20% 정도를차지할정도로 2 다른팽대부주변암보다절제율이높고예후도좋아 5년생존율도 30-50% 로보고되고있어 3-12 구별이필요하다. 팽대부암의근본적인치료는암을완전절제하는것으로예후도좋아이의조기발견및치료가요구되나수술전팽대 28 Medical Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

2 권국환외. Vater 씨팽대부암의치료및예후 부암을다른팽대부주변암과구별하는것이쉽지않다. 췌십이지장절제술 (pancreaticoduodenectomy) 은팽대부암및팽대부주변암의치료에있어서가장중요한수술이다 13. 그러나췌십이지장절제술은췌장, 담도, 및십이지장의특수한해부학적특성상, 췌장두부, 원위부담도및십이지장을절제하고소장을이용하여췌장, 담도, 위혹은십이지장에연결하는매우복잡한술식이다. 따라서조기암이나고위험군의팽대부암환자에서팽대부단독절제술이나내시경적절제술을한보고도있고, 생존율을높이기위해항암, 방사선치료를하기도한다. 일산병원에서의 Vater 씨팽대부암의경우를분석하여이의결과를보고자본연구를시작하였다. 있었다. 2. 수술방법수술의종류는유문보존췌십이지장절제술을 21례 (63.7%), 고전적췌십이지장절제술을 11례 (33.3%), 췌장전절제술 1례 (3%) 에서시행하였다. 1례에서수술전내시경적팽대부절제술을시행하였으나팽대부암으로나와수술하였다. 수술시간은평균 464분 ( 분 ) 이었고, 수술후병리검사상원위부전이가있는환자에 2례, 복부대동맥주변림프절전이 2례가있었고, 1례에서는십이지장폐쇄에의해고식적인수술을진행하였다. 수술은절제범위에따라 R0 28례, R1 3례, R2 절제가 2례였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 2000년 03월 01일부터 2015년 12월 31일까지본원에서 Vater 씨팽대부암으로진단받고췌십이지장절제술을받은 33명의환자를대상으로의무기록을검토하여성별, 연령, CEA, CA19-9 빌리루빈등의혈청학적검사결과, 수술방법및소견, 병리학적결과, 환자최종추적일자, 재발여부, 사망여부를볼수있는의무기록등대상종양의종류및치료성적을비교분석하였다. 2. 통계처리통계처리는 SPSS for Windows program을사용하였으며, Kaplan-Meier 생존분석을이용하였다. 결과 1. 환자의분포및수술전황달 총 33명의환자중남자 15명 (45.5%), 여자 18명 (54.5%) 이었으며환자의평균연령은 64세였고, 그분포는 45-80세였다. 수술전폐쇄성황달은 29명 (87.9%) 에서있었고, 12례는 10 mg/dl 이상의심한황달이었다. 수술전황달감압을위해 14례에서경비적담도배액술 (ENBD; Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage) 을 9례에서경피경간담도배액술 (PTBD; Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage) 을시행하였다. 수술전 CA19-9 검사를한 28례중 20례에서증가소견을보였고, 150 mg/dl 이상인경우도 8례있었다. 동반질환은 15례에서고혈압, 12례에서당뇨를가지고 3. 병리조직검사병리조직검사의결과선암이 31례, 신경내분비암 1례, signet ring cell 암 1례였으며, 선암중선종에서발생한경우가 5례, 유두상선암 1례있었고, 신경내분비암의경우선암이같이동반되어있었다 (Table 1). 종양의크기는평균 22.1 mm (8-80 mm) 이었고, 분화도에따르면고분화암 15례 (45.5%) 중등도분화암 14례 (42.4%), 저분화암은 4례 (12.1%) 있었다. 절제된림프절은 6-85개로평균 22개였다. 림프절전이는 13 례 (39.4%) 에서있었으며, LNR (Lymph node ratio) 이 0.2 이하인경우 9례, 0.4 이하인경우 2례, 0.4 이상인경우 2례였다. 신경주변침범 (perineural invasion) 이 8례 (24.3%) 에서, 림프혈관침범 (lymphovascular invasion) 이 20례 (60.6%) 에서있었다. Tis 병변은없었고, 팽대부에국한된 T1 5례 (15.2%), T2 12례 (36.4%), T3 14례 (42.4%), T4 2례 (6%) 있었고, TNM stage 에따른분류를보면 stage Ia 5례 (15.2%), Ib 7례 (21.2%), IIa 6례 (18.2%), IIb 11례 (33.3%), III 1례 (3%), IV 3례 (9.1%) 였다 (Table 2). 4. 수술후사망률및합병증발생률수술후합병증은총 33례중 12례에서발생하여이환율은 36.4% 이었다. 재수술은 1례에서있었는데, 수술직후정삭동맥 Table 1. Pathological diagnosis Number Adenoca. 31 Within adenoma 5 Signet ring cell ca. 1 Neuroendocrine ca.; synchronous with adenoca. 1 Volume 16 Number 1 June

3 KH Kwon, et al. Treatment and Prognosis of Ampullary Cancer (spermatic artery) 에서의출혈이원인이었다. 총 9례 (27.3%) 의췌장루가있었으며, ISGPF 의정의에 31 따르면이중 grade A 5례 (15.2%), grade B 2례 (6.1%), grade C 2례 (6.1%) 로, 임상적경로에영향을미친 grade B 이상은 4례 (12.2) 이었다. 지연위배출은 2례 (6.1%) 에서있었으며, 고전적췌십이지장절제술과유문부보존췌십이지장절제술에서각 1례씩있었다. 복강내출혈은 2례에서있었으며, 상기재수술한경우와 1례는수술후 10일째출혈한예였다. 이외유미루 (chylous fistula), 잔존담관결석, 간좌엽경색 (infarction), 복강내농양및패혈증, 창상감염등이각 1례씩있었다 (Table 3). 수술후간좌엽의경색과이후발생한췌장루에의한신부전및폐부전에의해 42일째사망한 1례와수술후췌장루에의한출혈로 15일및 18일째사망한 2례, 수술후췌장루에의한패혈증으로 11일째사망한 1례등 4례의병원사망이 Table 2. Pathologic findings Aov 2016 (n=33) Tumor size (cm) 2.21 Differentiation (%) Well 15 (45.5) Moderate 14 (42.4) Poor 4(12.1) Node (%) Positive 13 (39.4) Negative 20 (60.6) Duodenum or/and pancreas invasion (%) Positive 26 (78.8) Negative 7 (21.2) 있어수술후사망률은 12.1% 이었다. 수술후평균입원기간은 30일 (11-63) 이었다. 5. 재발률수술후사망한 4례를제외한 29례중 13례 (44.8%) 에서재발을하였다. 병기별재발은 stage Ia에서 88개월만에재발한 1례와 Ib 1례, IIa 4례, IIb 5례, III 1례, IV 1례이었다. 수술후재발까지의시간은평균 18.3개월이었으나, 88개월만에재발한 Ia 1례를제외하면 12.5개월, 55개월만에재발한 Ib 1례도제외하면 8.6개월이었다. 7례에서간에재발하였고, 대동맥주변림프절및장간막림프절에각 1례, 폐, 충수돌기, 췌장, 문합부에각 1례씩의재발이있었다. 6. 췌십이지장절제술후의생존율사망한환자는모두 15명으로수술후사망환자 4명을제외하면 11명인데, 10명은재발후사망하였고고식적수술을한 1례는 4개월만에사망하였다. 13명의재발환자중사망한환자는 10명이며, 나머지 3명의환자중한명은재발후 6개월이후지방으로이사해추적이되지않고, 두명은 21개월, 52개월째생존하고있는데, 사망한 10명의재발후사망까지의시간은평균 11.3개월이었다. 수술후사망한 4례를제외한 29례에대한수술후누적생존비율은 12개월 0.822, 24개월 0.629, 36개월및 60개월 Table 3. Postoperative complications Number % No Yes Pancreatic fistula Grade A Grade B Grade C Delayed gastric emptying Intraabdominal bleeling Infartion of left lobe of liver Chylous leakage Wound infection Remnant IHD stone Intraabominal abscess Fig. 1. Overall survival. 30 Medical Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

4 권국환외. Vater 씨팽대부암의치료및예후 Fig. 2. Survival according to the extent of operation. Fig. 4. Survival according to the stage. 없는경우생존시간에대한평균추정값은 95.4개월, 있는경우 80.2개월이었으나중위수추정값이각각 132개월, 10 개월로통계학적의의는없었다 (Fig. 3). 병기에따른생존율은병기가진행될수록나쁜결과를보였으며, stage III 환자는 24개월, IV 환자 3명은평균 8.3개월생존하여모두사망하였다 (Fig. 4). 고찰 Fig. 3. Survival according to the node positivity , 132개월 0.359였고, 생존시간에대한평균추정값은 96.5개월, 중위수는 132개월이었다 (Fig. 1). 분화도에따른생존율은통계학적의의가없었으며, 근치적수술여부에따른생존시간에대한평균추정값은 R0 110개월, R1 21개월, R2 5개월이었으며, R0 수술의 5년누적생존비율은 62.6% 였다 (Fig. 2). 림프절전이여부에따른생존율의차이는전이가 Vater 씨팽대부는총수담관의말단과췌장관이합류하여십이지장에개구하는부위를싸고있는 Oddi 괄약근의십이지장쪽부위를말하는것으로, 십이지장내부에서보면불룩하게올라와보이는부위이다. 담즙이간에서만들어지면담낭에서농축, 저장되었다가소화에필요한경우담낭수축에의하여농축된담즙이총수담관을거쳐췌관과합류후팽대부를통해십이지장으로배출되고, 또한췌장에서만들어진중요한소화효소도췌장액을형성해췌관을거쳐담관과합류후팽대부를통해십이지장으로배출된다. 이처럼팽대부는담관과췌관에서의소화액분비를조절하는기관이다 1. 이팽대부에국한되어발생하는암이팽대부암이며, 이는매우드물어소화기악성종양의 0.5%, 전체팽대부주변암의 6% 정도를차지하고있으나수술로절제된팽대부주변암의 20% 정도를차지할정도로다른팽대부주변암보다절제율이높고 2 예후도좋아 5년생존율도 30-50% 로보고되고있고 3-12, Volume 16 Number 1 June

5 KH Kwon, et al. Treatment and Prognosis of Ampullary Cancer 2009년본원연구결과에서도팽대부암의생존추정값은 64.7개월로담도암이나췌장암보다예후가매우좋은것으로나타나이의구별이필요하다 14. Albores-Saavedra 등이 15 SEER program을이용한 1973년부터 2005년까지팽대부암환자 5,625명의분석에서팽대부암은남자에빈발하며, 1973년이후다른팽대부주변암과달리매년 0.9% 씩증가하고있다. 30세이상에서발생빈도가증가하기시작하며전연령층에서남자가여자보다가파른발생빈도를보이며, 50세이상에서는남녀불문하고가파른증가세를보인다. 특히조직학적으로다른암은나이에따라비교적고른발생빈도를보이는데비해선암은 35세이후가파른발생빈도를보인다. 조직학적분류를보면선암 (adenocarcinoma) 65%, 암 (carcinoma) 8.1%, 선종에서발생한선암 7.5%, 유두상선암 5.6%, 점액성선암 4.7%, signet ring cell 암 2% 의분포를보이며, 유두상선암과선종에서발생한선암의경우다른종류의암보다예후가좋다고하였다. 본연구에서는여자가 54.5% 로많았고, 연령분포는 45-80세로대부분 50세이상에서발생하였으며, 평균연령은 64세이었다. 신경내분비암 1례, signet ring cell 암 1례외에는모두선암이였으며, 이중선종에서발생한경우가 5례있었다. 팽대부암의가장흔한증상은황달로 80% 의환자에서나타난다. 팽대부주변암에서수술전황달의감압이수술후예후에영향을준다는데에는아직논란이많아전혀영향이없다는것, 수술후합병증의감소가있었다는것과오히려해를준다는결과가있다. 팽대부암을대상으로한한보고에서는수술후상처감염이감압군에서적었다는보고는있다 16. 따라서수술자에따라감압술을 routine 하게하는경우와수술이늦어질때, 가려움증이심할때, 열백혈구증 (leukocytosis) 등담관염증상을보일때하는경우로나누어진다. 그러나대개는수술전내과의사가 ERCP 하면서감압술을하는경우가대부분으로외과의사의의지와는관계가없이임상적으로는스텐트등이없는환자에서빌리루빈수치가 15 mg/dl 이상이거나수술시행이늦어질때감압을하는경향이다. 본연구에서수술전폐쇄성황달은 29례 87.9% 에서있었고, 12례는 10 mg/dl 이상의심한황달이었으며, 수술전황달감압을위해 23례 70% 에서 ENBD 혹은 PTBD 를시행하였다. 췌십이지장절제술 (pancreaticoduodenectomy) 은팽대부암및팽대부주변암의치료에있어서가장중요한수술이다 13. 수술술기와수술후환자관리의발전으로췌십이지장절제술후결과는꾸준히향상되어심지어 80세이상의노인에서도좋은결과를보이고있으나아직 0-5% 의수술후사망률과 20-40% 의수술후합병률을보인다 12,17. 또한많은팽대부암환자들이고령이고심각한동반질환을가지고있어팽대부절제술같은췌십이지장절제술보다는덜침습적인수술방법이고려되어왔다. Roggin 등은 18 수술전생검에서양성선종으로생각된 37명의고위험군및작은팽대부질환에서팽대부절제술을계획하였으나수술시동결절편에서침윤성암으로나온 8례에서췌십이지장절제술로전환하였으며, 나머지 29명중 8명에서침윤성암으로최종진단되었는데이중 7명이재발하고한명만이최종추적에서생존해있다고보고하였고, 대신같은기간침윤성암으로췌십이지장절제술을받은 91명의환자에서는 49명이재발과 68명의생존을보고하는등침윤성팽대부암의경우수술의고위험군을대상으로한문헌들에서팽대부절제술은췌십이지장절제술에비해이환율은낮지만높은재발과낮은생존율을보인다. 췌십이지장절제술과달리팽대부절제술은림프절절제를할수없다. 팽대부근층을침범하지않은 6 mm 미만의분화암 (Tis, T1) 에있어림프절전이가 4% 이하이기때문에국소절제도가능하다는보고들이있지만 19-21, 이들보고들의환자구성에서다수가양성선종을포함하고있고암환자는소수이며, Hornick 등은 22 병리학적으로확진된 T1 침윤성암의 45% 에서림프절전이가있었다고보고하여내시경적초음파검사상 6mm 이하의분화가좋은 T1 암인고위험환자에서국소절제를해볼수있으나대부분의외과의사들은췌십이지장절제술을받을수있는상태라면분화 T1 암을포함한침윤성암에서췌십이지장절제술을선호한다. 본연구에서는전례에서절제술을시행하였으며, 1례에서수술전내시경적팽대부절제술을시행하였으나팽대부암으로나와이차적으로절제술을시행하였다. 팽대부암의십이지장절제술후합병증은췌장루, 위배출지연, 출혈, 패혈증, 담즙루, 수술후당뇨등이있으며특히췌장루는팽대부암의경우췌장암에비해췌장실질이정상적이라발생빈도가높다. 수술을많이하는병원 (high volume institution) 의경우좋은결과를보여수술경험즉전문성이가장중요한인자로보인다. 본연구에서수술후합병증은총 33례중 12례에서발생하여이환율은 36.4% 이었고, 이는다른보고들과비슷하였다. 수술후 4례의병원사망이있어수술후사망률은 12.1% 로이는본원에서보고한 2007년까지의췌십이지장절제술 45례에대한수술후사망률 4.4% 에비해상당히높은것으로, 이중 3례가특정기간 2년사이에일어난일로수술경험즉전문성에기인한것으로보인다. 최소침습비수술적치료로는내시경적계제 (snare) 절제, 32 Medical Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

6 권국환외. Vater 씨팽대부암의치료및예후 Nd:YAG laser ablation, 광역학적치료 (photodynamic therapy) 가있으나, 이에대한보고는제한적이다. 내시경적절제는혈관림프침범 (angiolymphatic invasion) 이없는조기 (Tis, T1) 분화암에서시도되고있지만 21, 절제연 (margin) 음성을정확히예측할수없고병리학적검사조건에불충분한생검과잠복된림프절전이를해결할수없는문제를안고있다. Laser ablation 은적극적인치료를할수없는경우암의국소성장을억제하기위해할수있으며 23, 광역학적치료는주위조직손상을줄이면서국소치료를할수있는방법으로일부환자에서효과를보고하였다 24. 그러나상기방법들은양성선종에서는치료가능성이있으나암에서는치료효과보다는완화효과가큰것으로수술을할수없는경우나수술을거절하는경우할수있겠다. 현재까지치료적절제술후재발률은 24-46% 로보고되고있으며, Kim 등은 % 에서재발하였고수술후재발까지의중앙값은 19.9개월이며, 국소재발이 64.9%, 원위부재발의경우간, 폐등의순으로많이일어났다고보고하고림프절전이, 수술전혈장 CEA>5 ng/ml, 빌리루빈 >1.5 mg/dl이독립적인자라보고하면서특히수술후 3년이내에재발이빈번하므로첫 3년동안추적검사를잘해야한다고하였다. Hsu 등은 11 재발까지의중앙값을 11.4 개월로보고하며국소재발의인자로는췌장침범과암의크기, 원위부재발의인자는림프절전이여부라고보고하며, 췌장침범과림프절전이가생존율에영향을미친다고보고하였다. 가장흔한전이부위는간이며, 이외복막, 폐, 뼈, 쇄골상부림프절등이다. 본연구에서는 44.8% 에서재발을하였고, 수술후재발까지의시간은평균 18.3 개월이었으나 88개월만에재발한 Ia 1례를제외하면 12.5 개월이었다. 7례에서간에재발하였고, 대동맥주변림프절및장간막림프절에각 1례, 폐, 충수돌기, 췌장, 문합부에각 1례씩의재발하여원위부재발이많았다. 수술후예후는국소침범정도, 분화도, 절제연침범여부, 림프절전이여부에따라다르다 5,12. 조직분자학적분류에따른예후즉장표현형 (intestinal phenotype) 과췌담표현형 (pancreaticobiliary phenotype) 에따른예후차이에대해서는있다, 없다는논란이있으나 Kim 등은 4 췌담표현형의 3, 5년생존율을각각 50.6%, 47.8%, 장표현형 80%, 73.1% 로췌담표현형을의의있는나쁜예후인자라하였고, 이는췌담표현형이진단시더많은림프절전이, 진행된 T 병기, 신경주변침윤등을보이기때문이라하였다. Chang 등은 25 팽대부선암을조직분자학적분류로비교하여췌담표현형 (CDX-negative, MUC1-positive) 의경우중앙생존이 16개월로장표현형 (CDX-positive, MUC1-negative) 의 116개월보다월등히나쁘다고보고하면서, 이를림프절전이여부와연계하여 3부류로나누어림프절전이없고췌담표현형이아닌경우 5년생존율 88%, 림프절전이있으면서췌담표현형인경우 20%, 나머지환자의경우 47% 라보고하였다. 본연구에서는표현형에따른분류가되어있지않아비교분석을할수없었다. 췌십이지장절제술후 5년생존율은림프절전이가없는경우 64-80%, 림프절전이가있는경우 17-50% 로보고되고있다 Beger 등은 12 stage 에따라 I 84%, II 70%, III 27%, IV 0% 를보고하였고 Yamaguchi 등은 19 5년생존한환자의 2/3는 10년을산다고했다. O Connell 등은 5 NCI SEER (National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End- Results) database에서 stage Ia 60%, Ib 57%, IIa 30%, IIb 22%, III 27%, IV 0% 로보고하였다. 이는같은병기의췌장암보다좋으며특히림프절전이가있는경우에서는차이가많이난다. 림프절전이에따른예후차이는전이여부, 전이된림프절개수, 검사된전체림프절에대한전이된림프절의비율 (Lymph node ratio; LNR) 에따라각자의의가있으나, Falconi 등은 26 절제된림프절의중앙값은 16개이며이보다많이절제된경우가적게절제된경우보다 5년생존율이높다고 (81 vs 45%) 보고하면서 LNR(Lymph node ratio) 에따라 LNR 이 0일때 5년생존율 75%, 0.2 이하일때 49%, 0.2에서 0.4일때 38%, 0.4 보다클때 0% 로보고하였다. 림프절절제범위를확대하는것은예후에영향이없지만적어도 12개이상의림프절을절제, 검사해야한다 27. 본연구에서절제된림프절은 6-85개로평균 22개였고임파선전이는 13례 39.4% 에서있었으며, LNR 이 0.2 이하인경우 9례, 0.4 이하인경우 2례, 0.4 이상인경우 2례있었으나증례수가적어비교분석하지는못했다. 이외 Kamisawa 등은 28 수술전황달이있던환자가 (5년생존율 34 vs 70%, 10년생존율 29 vs 49%) 예후가나쁘다고보고하였으며, 이는황달이오기전조기발견이예후에영향을미친것으로해석할수있다. Yao 등은 29 수술중 3 units 이상수혈한경우예후가나쁘다고보고하였다. Smith 등은 30 CA19-9과 CEA같은암지표가높은환자가예후가나쁘다고보고하였고, 황달이없는경우 CA19-9이 150 units/ml 이상, 황달이있는경우 300 units/ml 이상일때재발의가능성이높다고하였다. 유두상선암과선종에서발생한선암의경우다른종류의암보다예후가좋다고하였다 15. 본연구에서는증례수가적어비교분석하기어려우나황달이나 CA19-9 이높은환자특히 >1,000 units/ml 에서예후가나쁜경향을보인다. Volume 16 Number 1 June

7 KH Kwon, et al. Treatment and Prognosis of Ampullary Cancer 본연구에서현재사망한환자는모두 15명으로수술후사망을제외하면 11명이다. 고식적수술을한 1례에서수술후 4개월만에사망하였고, 나머지 10명은재발후사망하였는데재발후사망까지의시간은평균 11.3개월이었다. 전체증례수가적어분석하는데한계가있으나수술후사망한 4례를제외한 29례에대한수술후누적생존비율은 12개월 0.822, 36개월및 60개월 0.539, 132개월 0.359였고, 생존시간에대한평균추정값은 96.5개월, 중위수는 132개월이었다 (Fig. 1). 분화도에따른생존율은통계학적의의가없었으며, 근치적수술여부에따른생존시간에대한평균추정값은 R0 110 개월, R1 21개월, R2 5개월이며 R0 수술의 5년누적생존비율은 62.6% 였다. 림프절전이여부에따른생존율의차이는전이가없는경우생존시간에대한평균추정값은 95.4 개월, 있는경우 80.2 개월이었으나, 중위수추정값이각각 132개월, 10개월로통계학적의의는없었다. 병기에따른생존율은병기가진행될수록나쁜결과를보였으며, stage III 환자는 24개월, stage IV 환자 3명은평균 8.3개월생존하여모두사망하였다. 하지만모든결과가적은표본증례수로통계학적의의를분석하기에는문제가있고, 추세를보는정도로해석해야할것같다. 췌십이지장절제술이치료목적의수술이라해도반가까운환자가재발로사망하게된다. 따라서보조요법의필요성이대두되어항암치료나방사선치료가병행되어왔다. 그러나이런보조요법은재발율을떨어뜨리거나환자의삶의질을향상시키기는하나생존율을높이는데에는아직한계가있다 Vater 씨팽대부암은드문암이지만황달등의증상으로조기발견되는경우가많아다른팽대부주변암에비해췌십이지장절제술등근본적인치료에비교적좋은결과를보이는병이다. 본원에서는비록많은증례수는아니지만그래도췌십이지장절제술을비교적많이하는 (medium or high volume) 병원으로다른보고들과비교하여비슷한성적을보여보고하는바이다. 1. 수술후사망률이높으나이는특정기간 2년사이에일어난일로수술경험즉전문성에기인한것으로보이며, 전체췌십이지장절제술에대한수술후사망률과는차이가많다. 2. 수술후합병증발생율은 36.4%, 임상경로에영향을준췌장루발생율은 12.2% 이었다 % 에서재발을하였고수술후재발까지의시간은평균 18.3개월, 재발후사망까지의시간은평균 11.3개월이었다. 4. 수술후누적생존비율은 12개월 0.822, 36개월및 60개월 0.539, 132개월 0.359였고생존시간에대한평균추정값은 96.5개월, 중위수는 132개월이었다. 5. 병기에따른생존율은진행될수록나쁜결과를보였으며, stage III 환자는 24개월, stage IV 환자 3명은평균 8.3개월생존하여모두사망하였다. 이상의결과로향후사망률이나합병증발생률을더줄이기위해좀더세심한수술과수술전후의치료가요한다. REFERENCES 1. Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M, Miyakawa S, Nagino M, Yamamoto M, Kokudo N, et al. Classification of biliary tract cancers established by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary- Pancreatic Surgery: 3(rd) English edition. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2015;22(3): Kim KJ, Choi DW, Kim WS, Kim MJ, Song SC, Heo JS, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: predictors of survival and recurrence after curative radical resection. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2011;15(3): Park JS, Yoon DS, Kim KS, Choi JS, Lee WJ, Chi HS, et al. Factors influencing recurrence after curative resection for ampulla of Vater carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2007;95(4): Kim WS, Choi DW, Choi SH, Heo JS, You DD, Lee HG. Clinical significance of pathologic subtype in curatively resected ampulla of vater cancer. J Surg Oncol 2012;105(3): O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Manunga J, Tomlinson JS, Reber HA, Ko CY, et al. Survival after resection of ampullary carcinoma: a national population-based study. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15(7): Talamini MA, Moesinger RC, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Hruban RH, Lillemoe KD, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. A 28-year experience. Ann Surg 1997;225(5): Qiao Q, Zhao Y, Ye M, Yang Y, Zhao J, Huang Y, et al. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: factors influencing long-term survival of 127 patients with resection. World J Surg 2007;31(1): Duffy JP, Hines OJ, Liu JH, Ko CY, Cortina G, Isacoff WH, et al. Improved survival for adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: fifty-five consecutive resections. Arch Surg 2003;138(9): Brown KM, Tompkins AJ, Yong S, Aranha GV, Shoup M. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is curative in the majority of patients with node-negative ampullary cancer. Arch Surg 2005; 140(6): Howe JR, Klimstra DS, Moccia RD, Conlon KC, Brennan 34 Medical Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

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