대한유방검진의학회지 2018;15: 원 저 2016 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 강유진 박영진 윤정현 문희정 김민정 김은경 연세대학교의과대학세브란스병원영상의학과, 방사선의과학연구소 목적 : 한기관에서 Breast
|
|
- 래연 궁
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 원 저 2016 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 강유진 박영진 윤정현 문희정 김민정 김은경 연세대학교의과대학세브란스병원영상의학과, 방사선의과학연구소 목적 : 한기관에서 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 초음파범주 4 또는 5로진단된유방병변을후향적으로분석하여양성예측도를평가하고자한다. 대상및방법 : 2016년 1월에서 2016년 12월까지본원에서유방초음파를시행한환자중초음파범주 4a, 4b, 4c 그리고 5로진단받은 2,073예의병변을대상으로하였다. 초음파범주는검사시행당시의판정결과를기준으로하였고, 후향적으로영상의재평가는시행하지않았다. 범주 4 또는 5로분류되었던병변들의빈도와진단후병변들에대한처치, 조직검사결과에대해조사하고, 각범주별양성예측도를구하였다. 결과 : 총 2,073예의병변중 2,014예의병변이조직학적진단을받았고이중양성으로진단된병변은 1,333예이었으며, 악성으로진단된병변은 681예이었다. 초음파범주 4의양성예측도는 22.8% 이며, 세부범주 4a, 4b와 4c의양성예측도는각각 9.0%, 46.4% 와 84.2% 였다. 초음파범주 5의양성예측도는 98.2% 였다. 결론 : 본원에서 2016년에초음파범주 4a, 4b, 4c와 5로진단된병변의양성예측도는 BI-RADS 초음파사전에서제시한범위를보여검사가적절하게이루어졌다. Index words: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS); Breast; Ultrasonography; Image-guided biopsy 서 유방초음파는보통임상진찰과유방촬영술에서발견된 이상을평가하는데사용되어왔으며 (1), 치밀유방조직을가진여성에서유방암을발견하는데있어서도예민한검사로알려져있다 (2-4). 유방촬영술과마찬가지로유방초음파에서병변이있는 통신저자 : Eun-Kyung Kim, M.D., Ph.D. (03722) Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsero, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea Tel. (02) , Fax. (02) ekkim@yuhs.ac 론 경우 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI- RADS) 의최종범주에기준하여판독하는것을원칙으로하며유방초음파는 2003년에 BI-RADS 4판에서처음포함되었다 (5). 최종범주는불완전판정인범주 0을제외하고 6개의범주로구분된다. 범주 1은이상소견이없는경우, 범주 2는확실한양성병변인경우, 범주 3은양성가능성이높은경우 ( 양성예측도 2%), 범주 4는어느정도악성이의심되는경우 ( 양성예측도 2 <~<95%), 범주 5는악성의가능성이매우높은경우 ( 양성예측도 95%), 범주 6는병리학적으로악성이진단된경우에해당된다. 2013년개정판에서는범주 4의경우악성의심정도에따라 3개의세부범주로나누어지는데, 4a의경우양성예측도가 2% 초과 10% 이하, 4c의경우양성예측도가 50%
2 초과 95% 미만일경우이며그사이는 4b로분류한다 (6). 미국방사선의학회에서는모든유방검사의판독은위의범주에따라판독을권하고있으며국내에서도본원을포함한많은병원에서위의범주에따라판독하고있다 (6). 이렇게정해진범주에따라판독을권장하는이유는표준화된용어를사용함으로써판독의질을평가하고기관별, 의사별비교가가능함에따라더나은판독을하여유방암조기진단을효과적으로하기위함이다. 또한판독의사개인별혹은기관별판독의질을파악하기위한의학적감사 (medical audit) 가필수적이고특히한기관에서의지속적인의학적감사가중요하다 (7, 8). 최근발표된몇몇보고에서는초음파범주의양성예측도에대한평가가이루어졌으며이는 BI-RADS에서제시한범위를보였다 (9, 10). 본원에서는 2012년 5월부터시행한초음파에서양성판독의의학적감사를시행해발표해왔으며 (11-13), 작년에는 2015년 1월에서 2015년 12월까지의 12개월간의양성판독에대한의학적감사를발표하였다 (11). 그결과초음파범주 4의양성예측도는 20% 이며, 범주 4a, 4b, 4c와 5의양성예측도는각각 9.1%, 49.0% 와 81.8%, 97.7% 로, BI-RADS에서제시한범위와비교적근접한수치를보여검사가적절하게이루어졌다는것을알수있었다 (11). 따라서이연구에서는 2016년자료를대상으로초음파범주 4 또는 5로진단된병변의양성예측도를평가하여적절히판독이이루어지고있는지를알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 2016년 1월에서 2016년 12월까지본원에서유방초음파를시행한환자중병변이관찰되어초음파범주 4a, 4b, 4c 그리고 5로진단받은 1,792명의환자의 2,073개의병변을대상으로하였다. 한환자에서 2군데이상의서로다른최종범주를가진경우에있어서조직검사가시행된경우는각각서로다른증례로포함시켰다. 초음파범주는검사시행당시의판정결과를기준으로하였고, 후향적으로영상을재평가하지는않았다. 범주 4 또는 5로분류되었던병변들의빈도와진단후병변들에대한처치, 조직검사결과에대해조사하였다. 연구방법은이전에본원에서시행된연구와같은방법으로진행하여 (11-14), 결과를비교하는데용이하도록하였다. 초음파검사는총 17명의영상의학과의사가다양한기종의초음파를이용하였고 (HDI 5000, or iu22, Philips- Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bothell, WA, USA; Logic E9, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA), 탐촉자는 5-12 또는 7-12 MHz 선형탐촉자를이용하였다. 유방촬영술은 Selenia full-field digital mammography system (Lorad/Hologic, Danbury, CT, USA) 과 Senograph digital mammography system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) 가사용되었다. 유방촬영술을시행한경우유방촬영술의소견을참고하여초음파를시행하였으며가장의심스러운소견을기반으로최종범주를결정하였다. 모든초음파소견은 BI-RADS에서제시한기준에따라나누었다. 최종범주 4이상의병변은초음파유도하총생검을원칙으로하였고, 총생검은 14 게이지바늘이장착된반자동총 (TSK stericut, Japan) 을이용하였다. 병변의크기가작거나비균질한경우, 경우에따라초음파유도하진공보조생검을시행하였으며이경우 11 게이지또는 8 게이지바늘 (Mammotome; Devicor Medical Products, Cincinnati, OH, USA) 을이용하였다. 복합낭종이의심되는경우세침흡인생검을시행하였으며이경우 게이지바늘을이용하였다. 병리결과를기준으로양성과악성으로분류하였고, 각범주별의양성예측도를구하였다. 범주 4 또는 5로분류되었던병변들의빈도와진단후병변들에대한처치, 조직검사결과를의무기록을통해조사하였다. 14 게이지총생검에서세포이형성 (atypia) 이나섬유상피성종양 (fibroepithelial tumor) 로보고된환자중, 추가적으로진공보조생검이나수술을시행하지않은경우는최종조직학적진단은확인되지않았으나초음파유도하총생검은시행하였으므로초음파유도하총생검만시행한그룹으로분류하였다. 결과총 1,792명의환자에서 2,073예의병변이이연구에포함되었다. 환자의평균나이는 46.1세 ( 범위 16-89세 ) 이고, 병변의평균크기는 16.7 mm ( 범위 mm) 였다. 이중조직학적진단을통해양성으로진단된병변은 1,333예이며평균크기는 14.0 mm, 악성으로진단된병변은 681예이고평균크기는 21.4 mm였다. 1,942예에서초음파유도하조직검사를하였으며 (14 게이지총생검 1,736예, 진공보조생검 206예 ) 이중 725예는조직검사후수술도같이시행하였다. 세침흡인생검은총 6예에서시행하였다. 초음파범주별진단방법을표 1에정리하였다. 59예 (2.8%) 의병변은최종조직학적진단이이루어지
3 강유진외 : 2016 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 Table 1. Summary of Study Population Mean size (mm) US-biopsy only US-aspiration US-biopsy with No pathologic Only operation operation confirm Category 4a (n=1370) * Category 4b (n=192) * Category 4c (n=234) * Category 5 (n=277) Total (n=2073) * Category 4 lesions resulted in atypia (n=7) or fibroepithelial tumor (n=4) by US-guided core needle biopsy only without additional US-guided vacuum assisted biopsy or operation (n=11) were excluded. They were included in US-biopsy only group. 지않았으며이중 11예는세포이형성 (atypia) 이나섬유상피성종양 (fibroepithelial tumor) 로보고되었으나이후진공보조생검혹은절제생검을시행하지않아최종조직학적진단을확인할수없었던예이다. 이를제외한 48 예는범주 4a가 40예, 4b가 4예, 4c가 2예이고범주 5가 2예였다. 범주 5인 2명의환자중 1예는반대측유방암이재발하여항암치료중으로다발성골전이와경부림프절전이가있어경부림프절검사만시행하였고, 다른 1예는타병원에서조직검사를시행하여악성으로진단되었다. 범주 4c인 2명의환자중 1예는타병원에서조직검사시행하여양성으로진단되었고, 1예는조직검사를위해내원하지않았다. 범주 4b인 4명의환자중 1예는타병원에서조직검사를시행하여양성으로진단되었고 2예는환자가조직검사를위해내원하지않았으며 1예는동측유방암에대해항암치료중새롭게발견된병변으로추가적인조직검사시행하지않았다. 범주 4a인 40명의환자중 13예는환자가조직검사를위해내원하지않았고, 20예는타병원에서조직검사시행하여양성으로진단되었다. 6 예는환자가원하여조직검사대신추적검사를하였고추적초음파에서변화없거나, 크기가감소하였다. 1예는세침흡인생검으로흡인된액체가낭종이나유낭종임을확인후세포검사를보내지않았다. 범주 5인병변 277예중조직학적진단을통해양성으로확인된병변은 3예였다. 이중 1예는초음파유도하총생검에서섬유선종성증식 (fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia) 으로보고되어영상-병리불일치 (radiologic-pathologic discordance) 로진공보조생검술을통해최종적으로양성으로진단받았다. 나머지 2 예는초음파유도하총생검에서각각가성혈관종성기질증식증 (Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia) 와기질섬유화 (Stromal fibrosis) 로보고되었으며후향적 Table 2. Positive Predictive Value of Category 4 and 5 Lesions Total Benign Malignant Notconfirmed (%) PPV Category * 22.8 Category 4a * 9.0 Category 4b * 46.4 Category 4c * 84.2 Category * Category 4 lesions resulted in atypia (n=7) or fibroepithelial tumor (n=4) by US-guided core needle biopsy only without additional US-guided vacuum assisted biopsy or operation (n=11) were included. 으로보았을때영상-병리일치 (radiologic-pathologic concordance) 로판단되었다. 초음파범주에따른양성예측도는표 2에정리하였다. 범주 4의양성예측도는최종조직학적진단이이루어지지않은 57예를제외하였을때 22.8% 이며, 세부범주 4a, 4b, 4c와 5의양성예측도는각각 9.0%, 46.4% 와 84.2% 였다. 범주 5의양성예측도는 98.2% 였다. 초음파유도하총생검을시행하여양성으로나온병변중, 영상-병리불일치로판단되는경우는모두 38예 (1.8%, 38/2073) 가있었고이는표 3에정리하였다. 38예중추적이안된경우가 5예였고최종적으로 26.3% 인 10 예에서악성으로확인되었다. 고 유방초음파검사는치밀유방을가진여성에서유방촬영술이나임상진찰에서발견되지못한작은유방암을찾는데유용하다 (15, 16). 또한유방초음파는임상진찰이나유방촬영술에서발견된유방병변을통합적으로평가 찰
4 하는데유용한검사로사용되며, 병변의성분감별과고형병변에서양성과악성의감별에도유용하게사용되고있다 (17-19). 이런유방초음파검사에서유방병변의표준화된평가를위해 BI-RADS가사용되고있으며범주 4 와 5는조직학적진단을권유하고있다. 그러나범주 4와 5로진단된환자들에서실제로권장사항을따르는비율은얼마나되는지관한정보는미미한실정이다. 2016년본원에서초음파범주 4와 5로진단된병변중본원에서조직진단이이루어진경우는 97.7% (2025/2073) 로, 대부분은조직진단이이루어졌다. 본원에서조직진단이이루어지지않은 47예 (2.3%) 의병변중 16예의병변에대한추적이되지않았다. 범주 4의병변 16예중에는이전연구에서와마찬가지로환자들중다른병원을방문하여추가적인검사를받은환자가있을수있으나, 대부분은환자의인식부족에의하여추적관찰이되지않은것으로판단된다. 이는지속적인환자교육, 임상의또는검사자와환자사이의상호신뢰관계를유지함으로써이러한문제를줄일수있을것으로생각된다 (11-13). 본원에서초음파유도하조직검사또는수술적절제생검에의하여조직학적진단이이루어진경우는총 97.7% (2025/2073) 이다. 다만이들중범주 4에해당하였던병변 11예 ( 범주 4a병변 8예, 범주 4b병변 2예, 범주 4b병변 1예 ) 는 14 게이지총생검에서세포이형성이나섬유상피성종양으로보고되었으나, 이후진공보조생검혹은절제 생검을시행하지않아최종조직학적진단을확인할수없었다. 최근의여러연구들에서세포이형성 (20-23) 및섬유상피성종양 (24-27) 은 14 게이지총생검에서는진단이저평가 (underestimation) 되거나진단의민감도가떨어지는것으로보고되고있어, 추가적인진공보조생검혹은수술적절제생검을시행하여야최종조직학적진단을확인할수있다. 최근의보고들에서총생검후불일치양성으로판단된경우의악성률은수술적생검결과 7.4~64% 까지보고되었으므로 (28-32), 이에해당하는경우는추가적인조직검사 ( 진공보조생검또는수술 ) 로확진하도록하였다 (33). 본원에서 2016년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지초음파유도하총생검을시행하여양성으로나왔으나불일치양성으로판단되는경우가총 38예였고, 진공보조생검이나수술을시행하여최종적으로악성으로진단받은경우가 10예로, 악성률이 26.3% 였다. 이는다른보고들과비슷한범위내에있으며영상-병리불일치의경우추가적인검사가필요하다는것을뒷받침한다. 최근 BI-RADS 범주 4a, 4b, 4c에서양성예측도를평가하는연구가있었다 (34, 35). Lazarus 등 (34) 의연구에서는 4a, 4b, 4c와 5의양성예측도가각각 6%, 15%, 53% 와 91%, Lee 등 (35) 의연구에서는각각 26%, 89%, 90% 와 97%, 본기관에서시행한이전연구에서는각각 9.1%, 49.0%, 81.8% 와 97.7% 로다양한범위를보였다 (11). Table 3. Follow-up Measures for Category 4 and 5 Lesions with Radiologic-Pathologic Discordance Follow-up Measures Finally Malignancy Core biopsy confirmedmalignancy rate (%) discor-dance Vacuumassistedbiopsration biopsy up Ope- MR-guided Loss of Follow- Follow-up Category 4a (n=1370) Category 4b (n=192) Category 4c (n=234) Category 5 (n=277) Total (n=2073) Table 4. Positive Predictive Value of Category 4 and 5 Lesions by Year Category 4a Category 4b Category 4c Category /844 (6.6%) 20/49 (40.8%) 56/70 (80%) 160/163 (98%) /1334 (9.7%) 50/96 (52.1%) 88/108 (81.5%) 223/235 (94.9%) /1104 (8.9%) 56/117 (47.9%) 100/122 (82.0%) 248/251 (98.8%) /1290 (9.1%) 73/149 (49.0%) 130/159 (81.8%) 253/259 (97.7%) /1370 (9.0%) 89/192 (46.4%) 197/234 (84.2%) 272/277 (98.2%)
5 강유진외 : 2016 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 이번연구에서는 4a, 4b, 4c와 5의양성예측도가각각 9.0%, 46.4%, 84.2%, 98.2% 로이전본원연구와마찬가지로 BI-RADS에서제시한범위를따르고있는것으로보인다. 범주 5 병변의양성예측도는이전연구에서 97.7% 였으며이번연구에서도 98.2% 로적절한범주안에포함되었다 (14). 2015년 1월에서 2015년 12월까지 12개월간의결과와비교하면, 초음파범주 4의양성예측도는이전의 20.0% 에서 22.8% 로약간증가하였으며, 세부적으로 4a는 9.1% 에서 9.0%, 4b는 49.0% 에서 46.4%, 4c는 81.8% 에서 84.2% 로약간의변화를보였으나모두적절한범주안에포함되었다. 이연구의몇가지제한점은다음과같다. 연구의기간이 12개월에국한되어조직검사후추적관찰예정중인병변에대한결과가포함되지않았으며본원에서조직검사를시행한환자들의결과만포함되었다는점이다. 따라서타병원에방문하여악성으로진단되었을가능성도있으나이에대한자료는포함되지않았다. 둘째, 병변에대한초음파검사결과를후향적으로분석하지않고검사시행당시의판정결과를기준으로하였고, 검사자간발생할수있는다양성으로인해데이터가불균일할수있으나초음파감사가주관적이고, 실시간판단이중요하다는점을고려할때더현실을반영한다고할수있다. 결론적으로 2016년본원에서초음파범주 4a, 4b, 4c와 5로진단된병변의양성예측도는 9.0%, 46.4%, 84.2% 와 98.2% 로 BI-RADS에서제시한범위를보여검사가적절하게이루어졌다는것을알수있으며이를기본으로하여매년의결과와의비교가필요할것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 1. Bassett LW, Kimme-Smith C. Breast sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;156: Kopans DB, Feig SA, Sickles EA. Malignant breast masses detected only by ultrasound: a retrospective review. Cancer 1996;77: Kolb TM, Lichy J, Newhouse JH. Occult cancer in women with dense breasts: detection with screening US--diagnostic yield and tumor characteristics. Radiology 1998;207: Crystal P, Strano SD, Shcharynski S, Koretz MJ. Using sonography to screen women with mammographically dense breasts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181: D'Orsi CJ ACoR. ACR BI-RADS Atlas: mammography, breast ultrasound, breast MR imaging. 4th ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, D'Orsi CJ SE, Mendelson EB, Morris EA ACR BI-RADS Atlas: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 김은경, 이찬화, 김민정, 곽진영, 손은주, 최선형, et al. 건강검진센터유방촬영술판독의실태조사. 대한유방검진학회지 2007;4: 김가람, 김은경, 김준태, 권오준. 유방영상검사의의학적감사를위한프로그램개발. 대한유방검진의학회지 2011;8: Zonderland HM, Pope TL, Nieborg AJ. The positive predictive value of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) as a method of quality assessment in breast imaging in a hospital population. Eur radiol 2004;14: Yoon JH, Kim MJ, Moon HJ, Kwak JY, Kim E-K. Subcategorization of ultrasonographic BI-RADS category 4: positive predictive value and clinical factors affecting it. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2011;37: 조은, 박영진, 문희정, 윤정현, 김민정, 김은경. 한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변의양성예측도. 대한유방검진의학회지 2016;13: 양고은, 윤정현, 문희정, 김민정, 김은경. 한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변의양성예측도. 대한유방검진의학회지 2014;11: 채인혜, 윤정현, 문희정, 김민정, 김은경. 한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변의양성예측도. 대한유방검진의학회지 2015;12: 변정희, 박영진, 문희정, 윤정현, 김민정, 김은경 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변의양성예측도. 대한유방검진의학회지 2017;14: Berg WA. Supplemental screening sonography in dense breasts. Radiologic Clinics of North America 2004;42: Berg WA. Tailored supplemental screening for breast cancer: what now and what next? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;192: Stavros AT, Thickman D, Rapp CL, Dennis MA, Parker SH, Sisney GA. Solid breast nodules: use of sonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Radiology 1995;196: Skaane P, Engedal K. Analysis of sonographic
6 features in the differentiation of fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. AJR AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;170: Rahbar G, Sie AC, Hansen GC, Prince JS, Melany ML, Reynolds HE, et al. Benign versus malignant solid breast masses: US differentiation. Radiology 1999;213: Darling MLR, Smith DN, Lester SC, Kaelin C, Selland D-LG, Denison CM, et al. Atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ as revealed by large-core needle breast biopsy: results of surgical excision. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175: Cho N, Moon WK, Cha JH, Kim SM, Kim SJ, Lee SH, et al. Sonographically guided core biopsy of the breast: comparison of 14-gauge automated gun and 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy methods. Korean journal of radiology 2005;6: Houssami N, Ciatto S, Ellis I, Ambrogetti D. Underestimation of malignancy of breast core?needle biopsy. Cancer 2007;109: Mesurolle B, Perez JCH, Azzumea F, Lemercier E, Xie X, Aldis A, et al. Atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed at sonographically guided core needle biopsy: frequency, final surgical outcome, and factors associated with underestimation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014;202: Dillon MF, Quinn CM, McDermott EW, O Doherty A, O Higgins N, Hill ADK. Needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of phyllodes neoplasm. Surgery 2006;140: Bode MK, Rissanen T, Apaja-Sarkkinen M. Ultrasonography and core needle biopsy in the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma and tumor phyllodes. Acta Radiologica 2007;48: Foxcroft LM, Evans EB, Porter AJ. Difficulties in the pre-operative diagnosis of phyllodes tumours of the breast: a study of 84 cases. The Breast 2007;16: Ward ST, Jewkes AJ, Jones BG, Chaudhri S, Hejmadi RK, Ismail T, et al. The sensitivity of needle core biopsy in combination with other investigations for the diagnosis of phyllodes tumours of the breast. International Journal of Surgery 2012;10: Meyer JE, Smith DN, Lester SC, DiPiro PJ, Denison CM, Harvey SC, et al. Large-needle core biopsy: nonmalignant breast abnormalities evaluated with surgical excision or repeat core biopsy. Radiology 1998;206: Liberman L. Clinical management issues in percutaneous core breast biopsy. Radiologic Clinics of North America 2000;38: Liberman L. Percutaneous image-guided core breast biopsy. Radiologic Clinics 2002;40: Poole BB, Wecsler JS, Sheth P, Sener SF, Wang L, Larsen L, et al. Malignancy rates after surgical excision of discordant breast biopsies. Journal of Surgical Research 2015;195: Soyder A, Ta?kın F, Ozbas S. Imaging-histological discordance after sonographically guided percutaneous breast core biopsy. Breast Care 2015;10: Kim MJ, Kim EK, Lee JY, Youk JH, Park BW, Kim SI, et al. Breast lesions with imaging-histologic discordance during US-guided 14G automated core biopsy: can the directional vacuum-assisted removal replace the surgical excision? Initial findings. Eur radiol 2007;17: Lazarus E, Mainiero MB, Schepps B, Koelliker SL, Livingston LS. BI-RADS lexicon for US and mammography: interobserver variability and positive predictive value. Radiology 2006;239: Lee HJ, Kim EK, Kim MJ, Youk JH, Lee JY, Kang DR, et al. Observer variability of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for breast ultrasound. Eur J Radiol 2008;65:
7 강유진외 : 2016 년에한기관에서의유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 J Korean Soc Breast Screening 2018;15: Positive Predictive Value of Breast Ultrasonography BI-RADS Category 4 and 5 Lesions in One Institution at 2016 Eugene Kang, MD, Vivian Youngjean Park, MD, Jung Hyun Yoon, MD, Hee Jung Moon, MD, Min Jung Kim, MD, Eun-Kyung Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the positive predictive values (PPVs) of the breast lesions classified as categories 4 and 5 by using Breast Imaging reporting and Date System (BI-RADS) ultrasonography (US). Materials and Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2016, the 2,073 breast lesions of 1,792 patients were reported BI-RADS US category 4 and 5. We reviewed the frequency, pathologic or clinical course. The positive predictive value (PPV)s for category 4a, 4b, 4c and 5 were evaluated. Results: Among the 2,073 lesions, finally 2014 lesions were pathologically diagnosed. Among them, the 1,333 lesions were pathologically confirmed as benign lesions and the 681 lesions were pathologically confirmed as malignant lesions. The PPV for category 4 was 22.8% and the PPVs for subcategory 4a, 4b and 4c 5 were 9.0%, 46.4% and 84.2%. And the PPV for category 5 was 98.2%. Conclusion: The PPVs for BI-RADS US category 4a, 4b, 4c and 5 at year 2016 were presented to show the reference range of BI-RADS US, so it was appropriately subcategorized. Index words: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS); Breast; Ultrasonography; Image-guided biopsy Corresponding author: Eun-Kyung Kim, M.D., Ph.D
원저 ISSN 일산병원학술지 2017;16(2):83-87 일산병원에서시행한유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 국민건강보험일산병원영상의학과 1, 병리과 2, 외과 3 유재경 1, 김보미 1, 김의정 2, 허호 3, 이성영 1, 강
원저 ISSN 93-9 일산병원학술지 ;6():83-8 일산병원에서시행한유방초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변의양성예측도 국민건강보험일산병원영상의학과, 병리과, 외과 3 유재경, 김보미, 김의정, 허호 3, 이성영, 강정은, 김한나, 서지숙 Positive Predictive Value of Breast Ultrasonography BI-RADS Category
More information°ûÁø¿µ
451 Table 1. Comparison of Medial Audit Data of Additional Whole Breast US with Previously Published Data of Screening Mammography in Korea and the Ideal Goal ACR in America Audit Data This study Shin
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변: 범주 4의 세분화와 각 범주의 양성 예측도
초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4와 5 병변 : 범주 4의세분화와각범주의양성예측도 연세대학교대학원의학과김명현 초음파 BI-RADS 범주 4 와 5 병변 : 범주 4 의세분화와각범주의 양성예측도 지도교수김은경 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함 2009 년 12 월 연세대학교대학원 의학과 김명현 김명현의석사학위논문을인준함 심사위원 인 심사위원 인 심사위원 인 연세대학교대학원
More informationÀÌÀºÇý
593 Table 1. ACR BI-RADS US Lexicon, Simplified for This Study 1. Masses Shape Oval Round Irregular Orientation Parallel Not parallel Margin Circumscribed Not circumscribed Indistinct Angular Microlobulated
More informationJ Korean Soc Ultrasound Med 2013;32: pissn / eissn Original Article 초음파 BI-RADS 를이용한유방복합낭종의평가 손
J Korean Soc Ultrasound Med 2013;32:279-283 pissn 1015-7085 / eissn 2288-5056 Original Article http://www.ultrasound.or.kr 손윤미 1, 2 김은경 1 김민정 1 문희정 1 1 연세대학교의과대학영상의학과 2 차의과학대학교부속구미차병원영상의학과 Complex Cysts
More informationJkbcs030(10)( ).hwp
Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation Doo Min Sohn, Hyo Won Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Dan Song, Sung Yong Kim, Chul Wan Lim and Min Hyuk Lee Department of Surgery, College of
More informationInvestment Proposal
SonoEye TM 소개 유방초음파영상검색시스템 2005. 2. 캐드임팩트 www.cadimpact.com 내용 1. 유방암동향및진단 2. 제품소개 2 선진국시장에서상업화된 CAD 시스템들 R2 Mammography ( 유방암 ) 1,500 systems until 2004. 10. (about 200,000$) icad Mammography R2 & icad
More informationÀÌÀçÈñ
Journal of Breast Cancer ISSN 1738-6756 J Breast Cancer 2008; March 11 (1): 30-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 유방의유두상종양진단에있어서초음파유도 14 게이지중심부바늘생검의유용성 정나영 1 ㆍ이재희 1,2 ㆍ이아원 3 ㆍ송병주 4 ㆍ정상설 4 가톨릭대학교의과대학 1 방사선과학교실, 2 휴먼영상의학센터,
More information방센터에서외과적생검혹은수술을위해시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하였다. 한환자에서 2 부위이상의서로다른병변에위치결정술이시행된경우는각각서로다른증례로포함시켰다. 위치결정술의방법으로는유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술, 초음파유도하침위치결정술로나누었고한명의환자에대해시행한부위수는 1 부위
원 저 삼차병원에서의유방위치결정술 서재영 고수연 박운주 박혜영 손윤미 윤인영 문희정 김민정 김은경 연세대학교의과대학영상의학과 목적 : 삼차병원에서시행되고있는유방위치결정술에대해최근 2 년간의임상자료를분석하고그결과를보고하고자한다. 대상및방법 : 2010 년 3 월부터 2012 년 6 월까지 28 개월간본원유방센터에서외과적생검혹은치료적수술을위해시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하였다.
More information°ûÁø¿µ
: reast, diseases reast, US reast radiography - 131 - 대한초음파의학회지 제24권 제3호 2005 유방의 일차성 림프종(primary breast lymphoma)은 유방의 악성 종양의 0.12 %-0.53%를 차지하는 비교적 드문 종양이 다 [4, 5]. 이 진단을 위해서는 적절한 조직학적 검체가 있어 야 하고, 유방
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationÁ¶¹éÇö-B Type
Journal of Breast Cancer ISSN 1738-6756 J Breast Cancer 2008; September 11 (3): 139-45 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 초음파로진단된유방영상보고데이터체계범주 4a 질환의조직병리학적분석 조백현 1,2 ㆍ김의정 5 ㆍ장소용 3 ㆍ김희정 4 ㆍ문희정 3 ㆍ박양순 4 ㆍ이일균 1,2 ㆍ김도일 1,2
More informationKaes017.hwp
갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.
More informationÃÖ¼±Çü
199 최선형 외: 유방 엽상종양의 초음파 영상의 특징 (64.29%, 18/28) 및 경계성(25%, 4/16)에 비하여 매우 낮았 으며(2), 이러한 소견은 초음파 영상에서 낭성공간이 양성 (14%)보다 악성(44%)에서 더 자주 보인다는 이전 Liberman 등의 보고와 일치된다(1). 종괴 내 조직학적 낭성공간은 초음 파 영상에서 수평선형구열(horizontal
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More informationJkbcs032.hwp
Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments
More informationOriginal Article pissn / eissn J Korean Soc Radiol 2013;69(1): Analysis of Breast
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 / eissn 2288-2928 J Korean Soc Radiol 2013;69(1):71-77 http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2013.69.1.71 Analysis of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 4 Complex
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationJkbcs042.hwp
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from Axillary Accessory Breast Tae Wan Kim, Sang Wook Kang, Ji Young Park 2, Seung Sang Ko 1, Min Hee Hur 1, Hae Kyung Lee 1, Sung Soo Kang 1, and Jee Hyun Lee 1 Department
More information(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp
Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Liver Jae Hoon Lee, M.D., Dong Ho Choi, M.D. 1, Kyeong Geun Lee, M.D., Hwon Kyum Park M.D. and Kwang Soo Lee, M.D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine,
More informationJ KSM ISSN J Korean Soc Menopause 2013;19:9-17 Original Article 핵생검을통한양성유방병변의맘모톰절제에대한임상적연구 정재혁 1
ISSN 1226-8704 Original Article 핵생검을통한양성유방병변의맘모톰절제에대한임상적연구 정재혁 1 김휘곤 2 김기형 2 최욱환 2 1 화명일신기독병원산부인과, 2 부산대학교의학전문대학원산부인과학교실 The Clinical Experience of an Ultrasound-guided Vacuum-assisted Resection (Mammotome)
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More information<4D F736F F D20BFB5BBF3C0C7C7D0B0FA2DC0AFB9E62E646F63>
임상강사수련프로그램및근무지침 - 영상의학과 ( 유방파트 ) I. 수련프로그램소개 1. 수련과정의목표 ------------------------------------------------------- 2 2. 과소개및수련프로그램개요 ------------------------------------------------------- 3 3. 지도전문의 -------------------------------------------------------
More information( )Jksc057.hwp
직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information8(1)-07(15-19).fm
건양의대 학술지 Vol. 8, No. 1 April 2008 pp. 15-19 초음파 검사에서 비특이적 소견을 갖는 갑상선 결절에 대한 조직검사의 필요성 유현미 박용성* 황철목 김금원 건양대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실 및 명곡의과학연구소 Necessity of Ultrasonography Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration or Core
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information의학강좌-한부경
Continuing Education Column Imaging Findings of Missed reast Cancer: Retrospective nalysis oo -Kyung Han, MD Department of Radiolgy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine E - mail : bkhan@skku.edu
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information±èÀ¯¹Ì
189 A B Fig. 1. True gynecomastia in 47-year-old man A. Ultrasonography shows a triangular shaped hypoechoic glandular tissues at left subareolar area (arrow). B. During US-guided mammotome excision, linear
More informationuntitled
대한내분비외과학회지 : 제8권제2호 Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2008 종설 갑상선결절의초음파 연세대학교의과대학영상의학교실 김은경 Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules Eun-Kyung Kim, M.D. With the improvements in the technology, ultrasonography of the
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
More information지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원
지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 1110550 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 1 2 3 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원 성명류근원전공외과 세부과제명 세부과제책임자 성명 소속 ( 직위 ) 전공 총연구기간 2011
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More information227-233Â÷¼øÁÖ
227 228 Table 1. The Results of PSNR (db) for Various Compression Rate Modality Case 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1 80:1 MR 9 71.68 2.37 60.54 2.51 52.85 2.53 48.54 2.29 44.09 2.47 CT 9 51.90 1.67 63.70 2.02 57.32
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More informationRheu-suppl hwp
Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences
More informationJkss hwp
급성복증을보이는감염성요막관기형 Infected Urachal Remnants with Symtoms of the Acute Abdomen: The Differential Diagnosis & Proper Management Jan Dy Lee, M.D., Chee Young Lim, M.D. 1, Hyoung Il Kim, M.D. 1, Chul Woon Chung,
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More informationA Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer
More information<C0D3BBF B3E23132BFF92E687770>
대한임상건강증진학회지제 8 권제 4 호 2008 Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev Vol. 8, No. 4, 2008 [ 원저 ] 한국여성에서체질량지수 (Body Mass Index) 에따른유방치밀도의차이 고유라, 신기원, 서윤영, 고정아, 박민선, 조비룡, 배우경 서울대학교의과대학가정의학교실 - 요약 - 연구배경 유방촬영술상치밀유방은유방암의위험요소일뿐아니라검사의민감도를감소시켜위음성의중요한요소가된다.
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More informationuntitled
REVIEW ARTICLE J Surg Ultrasound 2017;4:12-17 JSU Journal of Surgical Ultrasound 자동유방초음파의임상적의의 전북대학교의과대학외과학교실유방ㆍ갑상선외과 강상율, 이승주, 윤현조, 정성후 Clinical Significance of Automated Breast Ultrasound Sang Yull Kang,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
More information암센터뉴스레터1
CANCER HOSPITAL News News Letter For Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital http://gs.iseverance.com 2012.06.21 2012.08.16 2012.09.19 2012.10.04 2012.10.25 CONTENTS 2012.07.27 2012.10.06 2012.11.06
More information<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>
산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,
More information노인정신의학회보14-1호
제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth
More information< BFF8C5C2BFCF202D20C0AFB9E6C0C720BCB6C0AFBCB1C1BEBFA1BCAD20B9DFBBFDC7D120B0FCBBF3C7C7B3BBBECF2E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 18, No. 11 pp. 454-458, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2017.18.11.454 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 원태완원광대학교의과대학외과학교실 Ductal carcinoma
More information( )Kaes031.hwp
대한내분비외과학회지 : 제10권제4호 Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2010 원저 외과의사에의해시행된갑상선결절의악성종양을시사하는초음파소견의분석 광명성애병원외과, 1 서울성애병원외과 고건ㆍ고진철 1 ㆍ최상용ㆍ박신희ㆍ이광찬 1 ㆍ김진승 1 Sonographic Analysis of Malignant Thyroid Nodules by Surgeon
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More informationEffects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]
More informationCrt114( ).hwp
cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1
More information±è¹Ì¼º
495 김미성 외: 자궁내막종의 초음파 소견 외 자궁내막종에서 흔히 보일 수 있는 소견들을 알아보고 가 음성군과 가양성군을 분석함으로써 초음파 진단의 함정 및 감 별진단에 도움을 주는 소견을 알아 보았다. 대상과 방법 최근 4년 동안 자궁 부속기 종괴로 수술 전 골반 초음파 검 사를 시행하여 수술 전 초음파검사에서 자궁내막종으로 진단 되고 수술로 확진된(진양성군,
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information¹®º´ÀÎ
Journal of Breast Cancer ISSN 1738-6756 J Breast Cancer 2008; September 11 (3): 146-50 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 유방암에서수술전유방자기공명영상의역할및의의 진준우ㆍ염차경 2 ㆍ구민영ㆍ문병인ㆍ최국진ㆍ최혜영 1 이화여자대학교의학전문대학원외과학교실 1 영상의학과교실, 2 강북삼성병원외과 The
More information395-402Ȳ¼º¼ö
395 Fig. 1. Flow diagram showing selection of options for adequate screen recording on the CamStudio 396 Fig. 2 Flow diagram showing the menu buttons on the CamStudio and the process of recording after
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More information연하곤란
2015.03.04 부울경소화기내시경지회 Intramucosal gastric cancer: The rate of lymph node metastasis in signet ring cell carcinoma was as low as that in welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma 인제대부산백병원 소화기내과 지삼룡 Signet ring
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information<C1A63230C2F720C3DFB0E8C7D0BCFAB4EBC8B820B9D720C1A4B1E2C3D1C8B828C6EDC1FD292E687770>
Clinical Symposium 1. Update in liver imaging LI-RADS (Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System) 최진영 연세대학교의과대학영상의학과 Abstract Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI are frequently used for the noninvasive diagnosis
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty
More informationSPCP.PDF
1-1 1-2 1 1 ( ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ), 1 ( ), ( ) ( ) 30, 30 1, +1%, 1 2 1 15 ( ) 1,, 1 3, ( ), 1 ( 210 ) 3 2, 4 9(1 ) 5 5 1 2 3, 4 5 ( ) 6 1 1 14, 21( ) 1 15 6, 21 ( ) 1 7 ( 7 )1 ( 1 ) 8 1 6 6 1, 2 ( ) 9 1
More information141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) 1897519( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) 15-20 7) 191216 2) ( ) () 42 () 193111 12 1933 4 3)
141(26) 20056 Korean J Med Hist 14131 Jun 2005 ISSN 1225505X ( 1897-1982) * ** 1 ( 1897-1982) ( ) 1) 3 1 ( ) 1930 1930 1930 * () ** 1) ( 2000 p 13-15) 1 141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932
More information°ø±â¾Ð±â±â
20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7
More information09-072
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Journal of Breast Cancer J Breast Cancer 1 June; 13(): 187-97 DOI: 1.8/jbc.1.13..187 유방종양환자에서수술전진단적종양크기와수술후병리학적종양크기에대한비교연구 황기태ㆍ김혜영ㆍ정중기ㆍ정인목ㆍ허승철ㆍ안영준ㆍ안혜성ㆍ차주희 1 ㆍ정세영 1 ㆍ장미수 ㆍ노동영 3 서울대학교보라매병원외과,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
More information( ) Jkra076.hwp
Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic
More information001-학회지소개(영)
Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth
More information