방센터에서외과적생검혹은수술을위해시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하였다. 한환자에서 2 부위이상의서로다른병변에위치결정술이시행된경우는각각서로다른증례로포함시켰다. 위치결정술의방법으로는유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술, 초음파유도하침위치결정술로나누었고한명의환자에대해시행한부위수는 1 부위
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1 원 저 삼차병원에서의유방위치결정술 서재영 고수연 박운주 박혜영 손윤미 윤인영 문희정 김민정 김은경 연세대학교의과대학영상의학과 목적 : 삼차병원에서시행되고있는유방위치결정술에대해최근 2 년간의임상자료를분석하고그결과를보고하고자한다. 대상및방법 : 2010 년 3 월부터 2012 년 6 월까지 28 개월간본원유방센터에서외과적생검혹은치료적수술을위해시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하였다. 위치결정술의방법은유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술, 초음파유도하침위치결정술로나누었고한명의환자에대해시행한부위수를조사하였다. 각위치결정술을시행하기전촬영한유방촬영술과유방초음파, 그리고유방자기공명영상을검토하여위치결정술의목적에대하여분석하였다. 또한위치결정술후시행한외과적수술법에대하여도조사하였다. 결과 : 총 1966 개의위치결정술중유도한영상은유방촬영술 282 예 (14.3%) 와초음파검사 1684 예 (85.7%) 였다. 위치결정술을시행한목적은유방암환자에서수술부위결정이 1408 예 (71.6%) 였으며, 이전조직검사로알려진양성혹은고위험병변의추가진단및치료 476 예 (24.2%), 그리고유방촬영술상에서만관찰되는미세석회화가 82 예 (4.2%) 였다. 환자한명당한번에시행한위치결정술의수는 1 부위가 759 예 (58.2%) 였고, 2 부위이상이 545 예 (41.8%) 였다. 결론 : 비촉지성병소의진단목적의위치결정술은핵생검법과입체정위조직검사의발달로인해빈도가많이감소하였으며상대적으로유방암으로인한위치결정술의빈도가많이증가하였다. Index words: Needle localization; Breast; Nonpalpable lesion 서 스크리닝유방촬영술의도입과유방영상검사방법의발전으로인해영상검사에서증상이없거나만져지지않는유방병소의발견이증가하였다 (1, 2). 이러한비촉지병변중의심스러운병변이있을때확진하기위해유방위치결정술후외과적생검을하게되는데실제로병리학적검사에서이들병변의 20-30% 만유방암으로판정되고나머지 70-80% 는양성질환으로판명됨에따라좀더경제적이며비침습적인생검방법의필요성이대두되었다 (3-6). 론 통신저자 : 김민정 ( ) 서울시서대문구신촌동 134 연세의료원건물영상의학과 Tel. (02) Fax. (02) mines@yuhs.ac 1990 년 Parker 가영상유도하의조직검사를소개한이후로초음파를이용한핵생검이널리이용되고있다 (7-10). 초음파유도하생검술은외과적생검법보다덜침습적이며 95% 이상의높은진단정확도를보인다 (11, 12). 이러한이유로현재는진단목적의위치결정술후외과적생검법은그수가점차감소하고있으며유방암환자의유방암조기발견과유방보존술의비율이높아짐에따라 (2) 비촉지병변에대한위치결정술이많이증가하였다. 이에저자들은최근 2 년간본원유방센터에서시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하여위치결정술의방법, 시행한목적및수술방법등에대해알아보고자했다. 대상및방법 2010 년 3 월부터 2012 년 6 월까지 28 개월간본원유 148
2 방센터에서외과적생검혹은수술을위해시행한위치결정술을후향적으로분석하였다. 한환자에서 2 부위이상의서로다른병변에위치결정술이시행된경우는각각서로다른증례로포함시켰다. 위치결정술의방법으로는유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술, 초음파유도하침위치결정술로나누었고한명의환자에대해시행한부위수는 1 부위, 2 부위, 3 부위, 그리고 4 부위이상으로나누어조사하였다. 유방촬영술을이용한위치결정술은환자가앉아있는상태에서유방을창이있는압박대로압박한후바늘이병소에이르는거리가최소한이되도록흉벽에평행하게바늘을고정하였다. 유방촬영장비는 Lorad/Hologic Selenia Full Field Digital Mammography System (Lorad/Hologic, Danbury, CT) 을이용하였다. 초음파를이용한위치결정술은 ATL HDI 5000 ultrasound units (Philips-Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bothell, WA, USA) and Iu22 (Philips Medical System) 의 5-12 MHz 의선형탐촉자를이용하여, 환자를침대에누인상태 ( 앙와위혹은앙와사위 ) 로간단한소독후국소마취없이시행하였다. 모든위치결정술에쓰인기구는 Breast Needle/Wire Localizer (Homer-Mammalok, Mitek R Surgical Products, Inc. Norwood, Massachusette, U.S.A.) 이었다. 각위치결정술을시행하기전촬영한유방촬영술과유방초음파, 그리고유방자기공명영상을검토하여위치결정술의목적에대하여분석하였다. 위치결정술을시행한목적은유방암환자에서수술범위결정, 이전조직검사로알려진양성혹은고위험병변의추가진단및치료적절제, 그리고유방촬영술상에서만관찰되는미세석회화로분류하였으며, 유방암환자에서의수술범위결정에선다시유방암의주병변과유방암환자의다발성병소로둘로나누어, 총네가지로나누어분석하였다. 또한위치결정술후시행한외과적수술법에대하여조사하였고유방전절제술, 유방보존수술, 수술적생검으로나누었다. 결 위치결정술은 1289 명의 1966 개의병소를대상으로시행하였고환자들의나이는평균 48.7 세 (14-84 세 ) 였다. 위치결정술은유방촬영술을이용한경우가 282 예 (14.3%), 초음파검사를이용한경우가 1684 예 (85.7%) 였다 년 3 월부터 2012 년 6 월까지 4 개월간격으로나누어각각유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술, 초음파유도하침위치결정술의건수를비교하였으며이기간동안큰변화는관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 1). 위치결정술을시행한목적으로는유방암의주병변이 922 예 (46.9%), 유방암환자의다발성병소가 486 예 (24.7%), 양성혹은고위험병변이 476 예 (24.2%), 그리고유방촬영술에서만관찰되는미세석회화가 82 예 (4.2%) 였다. 전체적으로유방암으로인한위치결정술이 1408 예로위치결정술의 71.6% 를차지하였다. 초음파유도하위치결정술을시행한예중유방암환자의수술범위결정이 1223 예 (72.6%), 양성혹은고위험병변이 461 예 (27.4%) 이며유방촬영술유도하위치결정술을시행한예중유방암환자의수술범위결정은 185 예 (65.6%), 양성혹은고위험병변이 15 예 (5.3%), 미세석회화가 82 예 (29%) 였다 (Fig. 2). 한명의환자에대해시행한부위수는 1 부위가 759 예 (58.9%), 2 부위가 439 예 (34.1%), 3 부위가 95 예 (7.4%), 4 부위이상이 11 예 (0.9%) 였다. 2 부위이상에대해위치결정술을시행한 1208 예의경우초음파유도하위치결정술이 1059 예였고유방촬영술유도하위 과 a Fig. 1. 유방촬영술침위치결정술과초음파침위치결정술의비율 (a) 전체적비율 (b) 기간당비율 b 149
3 서재영외 : 삼차병원에서의유방위치결정술 a b Fig. 2. 위치결정술의목적 (a) 전체위치결정술 (b) 초음파유도하위치결정술 (c) 유방촬영술유도하위치결정술 c 치결정술이 149 예였다. 2 부위이상에대해위치결정술을시행하였던 545 명중에서유방암과다발성병소로인한위치결정술이 417 예 (76.5%), 양성혹은고위험병변으로인한것이 113 예 (20.7%), 그리고유방촬영술에서만관찰되는미세석회화로인한것이 15 예 (2.8%) 였다. 위치결정술후유방전절제술을시행한사람이 148 명 (11.5%) 이었고그중 62 명은 1 부위에대해위치결정술을시행하였고나머지 86 명은 2 부위이상에대해위치결정술을시행하였다. 유방보존수술을시행한사람은 769 명 (59.7%) 이었고그중 430 명은 1 부위에대해위치결정술을시행하였고나머지 339 명은 2 부위이상에대해위치결정술을시행하였다. 나머지 372 명 (28.8%) 은양성혹은고위험병변, 그리고유방촬영술에서만관찰되는미세석회화로수술적생검을시행하였다. 고 유방의비촉지병변의발견이증가함에따라정확한진단을위한조직검사의건수가많이증가하였고현재는초음파유도하핵생검법이많은비중을차지하고있다 (7-10). 대부분의유방암또한크기가작고만져지지않을때조기발견이높아지고이로인해유방보존수술의비율도높아지고있다 (2). 유방보존수술을위해서는완전한종양의제거를위해비촉지병변의정확한위치결정술이필수적이다. 이러한이유로현재는진단목적의위치결정술후외과적생검법은그수가점차감소 찰 하고있으며유방암환자의비촉지병변에대한위치결정술이많이증가하였다 (13). 위치결정술은유방촬영술혹은초음파를이용할수있으며초음파를이용하는경우가환자나의사에게모두편리하여초음파를이용한위치결정술을하는경우가많다 (13-15). 그러나유방촬영술에서만보이는미세석회화의경우이전에는모두유방촬영술유도하침위치결정술을사용하였으나요즘은입체정위조직검사를많이사용하여진단목적의위치결정술이더감소하는추세이다 (7, 16-18). 본원의이전연구에따르면, 2000 년에는위치결정술후수술적생검이전체생검법의 28.9% 를차지하였으며그중초음파유도하위치결정술이 63.5%, 유방촬영술유도하위치결정술이 36.5% 를차지하였다 (13). 그러나 2012 년현재는초음파유도하위치결정술이 85.7%, 유방촬영술유도하위치결정술이 14.3% 를차지하며이는앞에서설명한입체정위조직검사의영향이클것으로생각된다. 본연구에서 1966 예의위치결정술중유방암으로인한위치결정술이 1408 예로전체위치결정술의 71.6% 를차지하였으며 2000 년도유방촬영술유도하위치결정술의악성진단율이 20% 였던것과비교하면큰차이가있는것을알수있다 (13). 순수한진단목적의위치결정술은 82 예 (4.2%) 로매우작은비중을차지하였다. 이진단목적의위치결정술은모두유방촬영술에서만관찰되는미세석회화로입체정위조직검사를시행하지못하는환자이거나환자가원하지않는경우에시행되었다. 150
4 초음파유도하위치결정술과유방촬영술유도하위치결정술의목적의차이를분석해보면유방암환자의수술범위결정이 1223 예 (72.6%) 와 185 예 (65.6%) 로전체위치결정술과비교하였을때큰차이는보이고있지않았다. 그러나양성혹은고위험병변이 461 예 (27.4%) 와 15 예 (5.3%) 로초음파에서보이는병변의경우초음파를이용한위치결정술을하는경우가많은것을알수있었다. 2 부위이상에대해위치결정술을시행한 1208 예의경우초음파유도하위치결정술이 1059 예였고유방촬영술유도하위치결정술이 149 예였다. 이는초음파유도하위치결정술은병변이두병변이상일때위치나거리등의관계에상관없이시행이더쉽고또한초음파에서관찰되지않는병변만유방촬영술유도하에서시행하기때문으로생각된다. 또한 2000 년의연구에서는수술적생검을목적으로한것이이전에조직검사를받은병변인지여부에대해서는분석하진않았어서 (13), 정확한비교는어려우나, 본연구에선, 악성으로알고있지않은환자에서시행한 541 예의위치결정중 461 (85%) 가초음파유도하위치결정술이었으며, 대부분초음파유도하위치결정술의목적이일차적인수술적생검이라기보다는일차조직검사후에, 양성종양의제거혹은고위험군으로알려진병변들의추가진단및제거목적이었다는점이주목할만하다. 이는유방병변에있어경피적조직검사가널리사용되어 (7-10, 16-18), 유방병변의적절한조치에있어영상의학과분야의역할이더욱확장되었다고할수있겠다. 위치결정술후유방암환자의수술범위결정이목적인 908 명중 149 명 (16.4%) 에서유방전절제술을시행하였다. 위치결정술을시행한모든환자가유방보존수술을하는것은아니지만유방보존수술에대한환자와의사의욕구가증가함에따라정확한병변에위치결정술을시행하는것이그병변의불충분한치료를예방할수있는하나의방법이될수있겠다. 이연구의제한점은위치결정술에대하여후향적으로분석한연구이며수술을집도하는외과의사의개인적선호도에따라방법이나개수등은달라질수있으나이에따른영향은특별히분석에고려하지않았다는점이다. 결론적으로비촉지성병소의진단목적으로의위치결정술은핵생검법과입체정위조직검사의발달로인해빈도가많이감소하였으며상대적으로유방암으로인한위치결정술의빈도가많이증가하였다. The new era in breast cancer. Invasion, size, and nodal involvement dramatically decreasing as a result of mammographic screening. Arch Surg 1996;131: Postma EL, Witkamp AJ, van den Bosch MA, Verkooijen HM, van Hillegersberg R. Localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Expert review of anticancer therapy 2011;11: Kopans DB, Swann CA. Preoperative imaging-guided needle placement and localization of clinically occult breast lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152: Rosenberg AL, Schwartz GF, Feig SA, Patchefsky AS. Clinically occult breast lesions: localization and significance. Radiology 1987;162: Rubin E, Dempsey PJ, Pile NS, Bernreuter WK, Urist MM, Shumate CR, et al. Needle-localization biopsy of the breast: impact of a selective core needle biopsy program on yield. Radiology 1995;195: Whitten TM, Wallace TW, Bird RE, Turk PS. Image-guided core biopsy has advantages over needle localization biopsy for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer. American Surgeon 1997;63: Parker SH, Lovin JD, Jobe WE, Luethke JM, Hopper KD, Yakes WF, et al. Stereotactic breast biopsy with a biopsy gun. Radiology 1990;176: Schueller G, Jaromi S, Ponhold L, Fuchsjaeger M, Memarsadeghi M, Rudas M, et al. US-guided 14-gauge core-needle breast biopsy: results of a validation study in 1352 cases. Radiology 2008;248: Liberman L, Feng TL, Dershaw DD, Morris EA, Abramson AF. US-guided core breast biopsy: use and cost-effectiveness. Radiology 1998;208: Parker SH, Lovin JD, Jobe WE, Burke BJ, Hopper KD, Yakes WF. Nonpalpable breast lesions: stereotactic automated large-core biopsies. Radiology 1991;180: Youk JH, Kim E, Kim MJ, Lee JY, Oh KK. Missed breast cancers at US-guided core needle biopsy: how to reduce them. Radiographics 2007;27: O Flynn EA, Wilson AR, Michell MJ. Image-guided breast biopsy: state-of-the-art. Clinical Radiology 2010;65: 김은경, 오기근, 김미혜, 유재경, 곽진영, 박병우등. 비촉지성유방병소의조직검사방법의변화 : 5 년간의자료분석. 대한방사선의학회지 2002;47: 손영보, 김학희, 박혜성, 김기태, 장상설, 신경섭. 비촉지성유방병소의수술전초음파검사를이용한위치결정및수술후검체초음파검사의유용성. 대한초음파의학회지 1997;16: Rissanen T, Pamilo M, Suramo I. Ultrasonography as a guidance method in the evaluation of mammographically detected nonpalpable breast lesions of suspected malignancy. Acta Radiologica 1998;39: Sim LS, Kei PL. Upright stereotactic vacuum-assisted needle biopsy of suspicious breast microcalcifications. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 2008;52: Liberman L, LaTrenta LR, Van Zee KJ, Morris EA, Abramson AF, Dershaw DD. Stereotactic core biopsy of calcifications highly suggestive of malignancy. Radiology 1997;203: Liberman L, Sama MP. Cost-effectiveness of stereotactic 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:53-58 참고문헌 1. Cady B, Stone MD, Schuler JG, Thakur R, Wanner MA, Lavin PT. 151
5 서재영외 : 삼차병원에서의유방위치결정술 J Korean Soc Breast Screening 2012;9: Needle Localization of Breast in Referral Center Jae Young Seo, MD, Su yeon Ko, MD, Woon Ju Park, MD, Hye Young Park, MD, Youn Mi Son, MD, Inyoung Youn, MD, Hee Jung Moon, MD, Min Jung Kim, MD, Eun-Kyung Kim, MD Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the recent trend of the needle localization of the breast in reference hospital. Materials and Methods: Between March 2010 and June 2012, the 1966 breast lesions of 1286 patients were localized using hook wired needle for surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the type, numbers of the lesion of each patient, reason of the localization, and surgical methods. Results: A total of 1966 localizations were performed during this period. A hook wire was inserted by the radiologist, guided by ultrasonography (1684 cases) or stereotactic X - ray guidance (282 cases). The cause of needle localization was categorized as breast cancer (922 cases), satellite lesion in breast cancer patient (486 cases), benign or high risk lesion (476 cases), and microcalcifications which are only seen in mammography (82 cases). The number of lesion in each patient was divided as 1 lesion (759 cases), 2 lesions (439 cases), 3 lesions (95 cases) and more than 4 lesions ( 11 cases). Conclusion: The numbers of diagnostic needle localization has decreased due to core needle biopsy and stereotactic biopsy. Relatively, needle localization of nonpalpable breast cancer has much more increased. Index words: Needle localization, Breast, Nonpalpable lesion Corresponding author: Min Jung Kim, M.D. 152
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