untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 Korean J Pain Vol. 21, No. 2, 2008 대한통증학회지 2008; 21: DOI: /kjp 원저 요부디스크탈출의감압치료효과 김준정형외과제통의원 박정구ㆍ김동근 Effects of Decompression Therapy for the Treatment of a Herniated Lumbar Disc Jeong Goo Park, M.D., and Dong Geun Kim, M.D. KimJun's Orthopaedic and Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Traction has often been utilized to treat patients with a herniated lumbar disc. Currently, the most advanced type of traction therapy is non-surgical spinal decompression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of decompression therapy in patients with a herniated lumbar disc based on clinical findings and symptoms. Methods: Sixty patients with herniated lumbar discs were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, a decompression group (n = 30) and a traction group (n = 30). To evaluate the impact of decompression and traction therapy on the herniated disc, the clinical symptoms for each group were evaluated prior to and after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS), straight leg raising (SLR), the herniation index, and the disc height. Results: The VAS score was significantly lower in the decompression group (2.0 ± 0.2) than the traction group (3.9 ± 0.2) following treatment. In addition, the SLR angle was significantly higher in the decompression group (79 ± 1.5) than the traction group (63.3 ± 1.9). The herniation index was significantly lower in the decompression group (217.6 ± 19.1) than the traction group (259.5 ± 16.4). Finally, the disc height was not significant differences between pre-treatment and follow-up in two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decompression therapy for the treatment of patients suffering from a herniated lumbar disc has an effect on the pain, SLR, and herniation indices, not disc heights. (Korean J Pain 2008; 21: ) Key Words: decompression, disc height, herniated disc, herniation index, traction. 서 척추의통증은흔한문제로거대한사회적, 심리적, 경제적부담중의하나이며일년에성인의 15 20% 가요통을가진다고추정하며 50 80% 는평생동안적어도한번이상요통을경험한다. 그리고척추의통증을발생시키는위험요소는다차원적으로신체적특성, 사회경제적상태, 일반적의학적건강과심리적상태, 직업환경 론 접수일 :2007 년 11 월 15 일, 승인일 :2008 년 6 월 30 일책임저자 : 박정구, ( ) 대구시중구서소문로 1 가 77-1 김준정형외과제통의원 Tel: , Fax: anesbud7@hotmail.com 적요소들이며 1) 가장큰원인은추간판탈출증에의한신경근과후근신경절자극으로발생한이차적염증반응으로알려져있다. 2) 모든요통증후군의 80% 는요추디스크와관련이있고, 척추후관절, 인대, 추궁판, 근막과같은후구조물은요통질환의 20% 이하에서직접적인관련성을가진다. 3) 추간판퇴행성의첫징후들중의하나는감소된수분용량이고, 4) 일반적으로받아들여지는디스크탈출은디스크돌출 (protrusion), 디스크탈출 (prolapse), 자유분리 Received November 15, 2007, Accepted June 30, 2008 Correspondence to: Jeong Goo Park Kimjun's Orthopaedic and Pain Clinic, 77-1, 1-ka Seomunno, Jung-gu, Daegu , Korea Tel: , Fax: anesbud7@hotmail.com

2 144 JG Park and DG Kim / Korean J Pain Vol. 21, No. 2, 2008 (free sequestration) 로분류되며 5) 성인은제한된치유잠재력때문에추간판의구조적기능상실을역행할수없으며물리적, 생물학적기전에의해진행한다. 생물학적진행기전은디스크의전반적인부하에대한디스크세포의반응이부적당하거나비정상적이기때문에발생한다. 6) 추간판탈출증의치료는신경근의압박및신경학적결손이없는경우, 신경학적증세의진행이없는경우, 심한척추관협착증등의다른병적상태가동반되지않는경우에, 대부분보존적인치료로도좋은결과를기대할수있다. 이때가장흔히사용되는방법은침상안정이고이것은통증을줄이고디스크내압을줄이는데목적이있으며, 다른보존적인치료방법으로는견인치료가있다. 7) 견인은중력과연부조직에의해야기되는압력을감소시키며, 충분한장력은척추를분리시키고추간판을연장시킨다. 추간판내의음압 (negative pressure) 은수핵에가해지는힘을제거시킴으로써신경근의압력을감소시킨다. 후종인대가긴장이발생되어오는압력은또한수핵을안쪽으로이동하는힘을가하게할수있다. 8) 많은연구에서전통적인견인치료는음압범위의디스크내압을발생시키지못하며반사성근경축 (spasm) 에의해이차적으로디스크내압을증가시키지만, 9) 감압치료는음압을발생시킨다는 10) 보고이래로여러감압치료가개발되었다. 신경외과의사인 Ramos와 Martin은 10) 90 파운드보다적은감압력을적용하여증가된디스크내압을 100 mmhg에서 160 mmhg로낮추는감압이가능하다고보고하였다. 기존의견인치료기는끈, 도르래를이용하여설정된장력에반응하기위하여 2초이상의시간이소요되지만감압치료기는골반고정장치와전자제어시스템을통하여신경의반응속도인 50/1,000초보다빠른 2.5/1,000초로척추에가해지는압력을측정하고, 그자료를통해 20/1,000초로조절되기때문에근긴장의발생을초래하지않는다. 현재추간판탈출을위한보존적치료로견인치료가많이사용되고있지만, 감압치료기를이용한치료의효과에대한국내연구는찾아보기어렵다. 이에본연구는 L4 S1의요추추간판탈출증환자에서견인치료와감압치료를나누어실시한후임상적효과를비교하여감압치료가견인치료에비해임상적으로더효과가있는지를알아보고자하였다. Table 1. Demographic Data Gender (M/F) Age (yrs) Height (cm) Weight (kg) 대상및방법 본연구는 2006년 1월부터 2007년 7월까지본원에내원하거나입원한환자들중에서척추분리증, 감각이상, 근력약화, 압박골절, 척추수술의기왕력이없는방사통을동반한요통환자로서, 대상환자는문진과신경학적검사소견, 방사선학적영상소견및자기공명영상 (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 소견을토대로확진된 L4 L5나 L5 S1의추간판탈출증을가진환자 60 명을대상으로 1군 (n = 30) 은견인치료를, 2군 (n = 30) 은감압치료를시행하였다. 시술전모든환자에게시술에대한연구내용을설명하고동의서를받았다. 대상환자는총 60명으로연령분포는 21세에서 61세였고, 평균연령은 38.2 ± 1.4세였고, 두군간의성별, 신장, 체중에는유의한차이가없었다 (Table 1). 모든환자에게견인으로획득될수있는치료적효과와현재의상태를설명하고, 견인이적용되는동안기침이나재치기를피하라고지시하여극통 (twinge) 이나견인후통증을예방시켰다. 또한견인치료후에는가급적앉거나구부리는동작을삼가도록하고적절한관리 ( 신발신기, 앉는방법 ) 에대한교육을제공했다. 시술전환자는견인테이블위에바로누운자세로눕고, 무릎밑에는무릎받침대를적용했다. 두시술모두에서처음 2 주동안총 12회실시하고, 다음 4주동안은주 3회실시하였으며, 치료시작 1주후에두군모두에서경막외스테로이드주사요법 (epidural steroid injection, ESI) 을각각 1회실시하였다. 1군은전동자동견인장치 (Ortho Traction, 신진전자, 한국 ) 를이용하였으며, 견인시간은 8 10 min이고견인과휴지 (rest time) 의비율은 2:1인 60:30 s로했다. 휴지시의견인력은유지시견인력의 1/2로설정했다. 견인력은체중의 1/4에서시작하고, 불편함을느끼지않을정도 Decompression group (n = 30) 14/ ± ± ± 1.82 Traction group (n = 30) 15/ ± ± ± 1.70 Values are mean ± SEM. n: number of patients. There were no significant differences between the groups.

3 박정구ㆍ김동근 : 요부디스크탈출의감압치료효과 145 까지점차적으로매회증가시켜 10일째최대견인력은체중의 1/2이되게하는것을기준으로했다. 골반고정은골반멜빵을사용했고흉부고정은흉부멜빵을사용했다. 2군은감압치료기 (SpineMED, CERT Healthsciences, USA) 를이용하였으며, 감압력은처음체중의 1/4 (25%) 에서시작하여매일 2.25 kg씩일정비율로증가시켰다. 6일째에최대감압력은체중의 1/4 (25%) kg에도달하게하는것을기준으로했다. 감압치료시간은 30 min이며유지시간 (hold time) 과휴지시간의비율은 2: 1인 60:30 s이며휴지시의견인력은유지시견인력의 1/2로설정했다. 또한감압력을적용하기위해상승시간 4 min 30 s, 하강시간 3 min 30 s가주어진다. 치료의빈도는첫 2주동안 12회로실시하고, 다음 4주동안은주 3회로실시했다. 골반고정은골반멜빵대신골반고정장치를사용하였으며, 요추의전만을유지하기위한공기펌프가적용되었다. 또한골반경사를 5 o 로조정하여요추전만의변화를주었다. 환자의통증정도를알아보기위해대한통증학회지에가장많이사용되는측정방법중의하나인 11) 시각통증등급 (visual analogue scale, VAS) 을이용하여방사통을측정하였으며, 추간판탈출로압박받는신경의긴장유무를검사하기위해하지직거상검사 (straight leg raising, SLR) 를실시했다. 측정은치료전과치료후, 그리고 6개월후추적조사를한다음비교하였다. 디스크탈출지수는 1군과 2군모두에서이환기간이 1년이하의디스크탈출환자와 1년이상의디스크탈출환자로나누었으며, 디스크탈출지수의측정은치료전에자기공명영상을통하여 L4 L5나 L5 S1의추간판탈출의정도를 3 mm 간격으로촬영하여최대로돌출된부위를측정하고, 치료후 6개월뒤추적조사를한다음같은부위를비교했다. Fagerlund 등에 12) 의한디스크탈출지수를보면디스크와추공의측정은축방향의절편에서실시하였고, 탈출된디스크에대한시상거리는최대의전ㆍ후디스크길이이며, 추공의시상길이는최대의전ㆍ후추공길이이다. 탈출된디스크에대한넓이는전ㆍ후길이의중간부위에서선을그어측정하였고추공의넓이도동일수준에서계산되었다. 탈출지수에대한공식은 ([AB CD)/ [EF GH]) 1,000이다 (Fig. 1). 디스크높이의측정은 Inoue 등이 13) 사용한방법으로앞부분의디스크높이, 중간부분의디스크높이, 뒷부분의디스크높이를 3으로나누어측정하였다. 디스크높이의측정에대한공식은 (A + B + C)/3 (mm) 이다 (Fig. 2). VAS의통증점수비교와 SLR의각도변화와두군간의차이를측정하기위해 repeated measures ANOVA test 를이용하였고, 디스크탈출지수와디스크높이의치료 Fig. 1. Parameters for the calculation of the "herniation index" are schematically presented on the axial view of the magnetic resonance image. AB: maximum anteroposterior disc height, CD: width of the herniated material at the level of the mid AB distance, EF: maximum anteroposterior canal length, GH: width of the spinal canal at the level of mid AB distance. The "herniation index" is calculated as: ([AB CD]/[EF GH]) 1,000. Fig. 2. Measurement of the lumber disc height is schematically presented on the sagittal view of th magnetic resonance image. A: anterior disc height, B: middle disc height, C: posterior disc height. Disc height: (A + B + C)/3 (mm).

4 146 JG Park and DG Kim / Korean J Pain Vol. 21, No. 2, 2008 전과치료후 6개월뒤추적조사한값의변화를측정하기위해 paired t-test를실시하였으며, P value가 0.05 미만인경우를통계학적으로유의하다고판정하였다. 결과두군에서 VAS의변화를보면, 1군이치료전에 7.0 ± 0.2, 치료 6주째에 4.3 ± 0.2, 6개월후추적조사에서 3.9 ± 0.2로나타났고, 2군에서는치료전에 7.2 ± 0.2, 치료 6주째에 2.8 ± 0.2, 6개월후에는 2.0 ± 0.2로나타나두군모두에서유의한효과가있었지만, 2군이더효과적임을알수있었다 (Fig. 3, P < 0.05). SLR의변화를보면, 1군이치료전에 45 ± 1.6 o, 치료 6주째에 61 ± 1.7 o, 6개월후에는 63.3 ± 1.9 o 로나타났고, 2군에서는치료전에 46.9 ± 1.8 o, 치료 6주째에 74 ± 1.7 o, 6개월후에는 79 ± 1.5 o 로나타나두군에서유의한효과가있었지만, 2군이더효과적임을알수있었다 (Fig. 4, P < 0.05). 그리고 VAS와 SLR의변화를보면, 치료후 6개월뒤 추적조사에서의측정값의결과가좋지않은것이아니라 VAS와 SLR의값이더좋아짐을볼수있는것이특징적이다 (Fig. 3, 4). 디스크탈출지수는 1군의추적조사에서견인치료전보다 20.5로감소되었고, 2군의추적조사에서는감압치료전보다 68.2가감소되었다 (Table 2). 1군에서 1년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 4명, 1년이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 1명등, 치료후 5명에서뚜렷한탈출지수감소를보였고, 1년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 4명, 1년이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 2명등, 치료후 6명에서경미한탈출지수감소를보였다. 그리고 1년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 3명, 1년이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 4명등, 7명에서는전혀변화가없었다. 2군에서 1년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 7명, 1년이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 2명등, 치료후 9명에서뚜렷한탈출지수감소가보였고, 1 년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 2명, 1년 Fig. 3. Change of visual analog scale (VAS) on the traction group and the decompression group. *P < 0.05 compared with follow-up values of the traction group. Fig. 4. Change of straight leg raising (SLR) on the traction group and the decompression group. *P < 0.05 compared with follow-up values of the traction group. Table 2. Change in Disc Herniation Index Group Disease duration Pre-treatment Follow-up Traction group Decompression group Less-1 year Over-1 year All patients Less-1 year Over-1 year All patients ± 10.5 (n = 16) ± 11.2 (n = 14) ± 8.6 (n = 30) ± 15.9 (n = 17) ± 15.1 (n = 13) ± 7.8 (n = 30) ± 25.1 (n = 11) ± 10.4 (n = 7) ± 16.4 (n = 18) ± 23.7* (n = 11) ± 30.2* (n = 8) ± 19.1* (n = 19) Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. n: number of patients. *P < 0.05 compared with follow-up values of the traction group.

5 박정구ㆍ김동근 : 요부디스크탈출의감압치료효과 147 이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 3명등, 치료후 5명에서경미한탈출지수감소를보였다. 그리고 1년미만의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 2명, 1년이상의이환기간대상자중에서치료후 3명등, 5명에서는전혀변화가없었다. 1군과 2군의디스크탈출지수변화비교에서두군모두에서의미있는효과가있었지만 2군에서더효과적임을알수있었으며, 1년미만의이환기간을가진디스크탈출환자에서 1년이상의이환기간을가진탈출환자에서보다더효과가있음을알수있었다 (Fig. 5, P < 0.05). 두군에서디스크높이의변화를보면, 1군에서 L4 L5는치료전에 10.5 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에서 10.4 ± 1.7 mm로나타났고, L5 S1은치료전에 10.3 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에서 10.3 ± 1.7 mm로나타났다. 그리고 2군에서 L4 L5 는 10.4 ± 1.4 mm, 추적조사에서 10.4 ± 1.4 mm 로나타났고, L5 S1은치료전에 10.3 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에서 10.4 ± 1.9 mm로나타나치료전과추적조사 Fig. 5. Comparison of change in the herniation index of lumbar disc. *P < 0.05 compared with follow-up values of the traction group. 간에는차이가없는것으로나타났다. 전체적으로 1군은치료전에 10.4 ± 1.7, 추적조사에서 10.4 ± 1.6으로나타났고, 2군은치료전에 10.4 ± 1.5, 추적조사에서 10.3 ± 1.4로나타나, 두군모두에서치료전과추적조사간에디스크높이에대한차이가없는것으로나타났다 (Table 3, P < 0.05). 고찰많은연구에서전통적인견인은추간판탈출증환자에있어음압범위의디스크내압을발생시키지못하며반사성근경축 (spasm) 에의해이차적으로디스크내압을증가시킨다. 9) 견인력이요추에영향을주기위해서는총몸무게의 26% 이상이되어야하며, 높은견인력은환자들에게서통증과연부조직의손상을증가시킨다. 따라서, 본연구에사용된감압치료기도이범위의감압력을제공하였다. 10) 그리고 2군은감압시간을 30분으로적용한반면견인치료시간은 8분으로하였다. 이유는 8분이상의견인은과도한액체의흡수를유발하며디스크내의압력을증가시키기때문이다. 14) 견인은통증이있고제한된 SLR에개선을보여주고있으며, 15) 이것은아마도추간공의직경을증가시키고, 신경조직에대한압력을감소시키고움직임에대한신경의감수성을줄임으로써발생한다. 신경조직의염증은감소된 SLR (< 70 o ) 의가동범위와관련되고있다. 16) 염증성신경조직은 SLR검사를하는동안염증성배근신경절이직접적인압박또는긴장에의해자극될수있기때문에증가된반사성근활동에의해 SLR을제한할수있다. 17) 견인은감각, 반사그리고근력의회복을보여주고, 손상의회복은굵은직경의유수구심성신경과원심성신경섬유의정상적인신경전도의회복결과로나타날수 Table 3. Measurements of the Lumbar Disc Height Group Level Pre-treatment Follow-up Traction group Decompression group L4 L5 L5 S1 Total L4 L5 L5 S1 Total 10.5 ± 1.7 (n = 10) 10.3 ± 1.7 (n = 8) 10.4 ± 1.7 (n = 18) 10.4 ± 1.4 (n = 12) 10.3 ± 1.7 (n = 7) 10.4 ± 1.5 (n = 19) 10.4 ± 1.7 (n = 10) 10.3 ± 1.7 (n = 8) 10.4 ± 1.6 (n = 18) 10.4 ± 1.4 (n = 12) 10.4 ± 1.9 (n = 7) 10.4 ± 1.5 (n = 19) Values are mean ± SD or number of patients. There were no significant differences between pre-treatment and follow-up in two groups.

6 148 JG Park and DG Kim / Korean J Pain Vol. 21, No. 2, 2008 있으며, 신경의전도는여러가지방법으로회복될수있다. 18) 또한추간공의직경에대한증가는척추신경과추간공내혈관에서혈류의증가를유발할수있으며, 증가된혈류는염증성삼출물을제거할수있다. 게다가, 견인은신경학적염증의가능한원인이되는기계적압박을감소시킬수있다. 19) 압박은이소성임펄스발생의확실한원인이고이것의제거는이론적으로신경전도차단의요인을제거할것이다. 20) 디스크공간에적용된음압은뼈종판부근과경막외혈관으로부터혈류량이향상되어디스크치유를위한체액과영양분을제공한다. 19) 감압치료는음압에의해용질운반향상에의한확산경사를만들어낸다. 높은수준의젖산은분해효소활동이증가함에따라연골세포와당단백질 (proteoglycan) 모세포의상실을촉진하고순환을나쁘게하여디스크의변성을촉진한다. 10) Hwang과 Hwang의 21) 연구에서요추간판탈출증환자에경막외스테로이드주사요법시술후에 VAS의통증점수가의미있게감소하였다고보고하였는데, 본연구에서는치료시작 1주일후경막외스테로이드주사요법 1회시술을병행한감압치료시술후에도 VAS 통증점수가의미있게감소한것을볼수있었다. Ozturk 등은 22) 추간판탈출증환자에게견인치료시술후에 SLR과디스크탈출지수에있어유의한효과가있었다고보고하였는데, 본연구에서도감압치료시술후 SLR과디스크탈출지수에서유의한효과가있었다. 견인치료에서 Ozturk 등의 22) 연구결과보다효과가적었던것은이연구에서는이환기간이 6개월이하였기때문이고, 본연구는이환기간을 1년이하와 1년이상으로나누었기때문이라사료된다. Ramos와 Martin의 10) 연구에서감압치료시술후 MR 영상의변화에서유의한효과가있었다고하였고, Gose 등도 23) 감압치료가통증을감소시키고가동성을증가시키며 MR 영상의변화에서유의한효과가있었다고하였는데, 본연구에서도감압치료전의 T 2 시상면과횡단면에서탈출된디스크가감압치료후에유의하게감소하는효과가있었다. 퇴행성이없는정상적인디스크의높이를측정한 Inoue 등의 13) 연구를보면, L4 L5는 11.5 ± 1.4 mm, L5 S1은 10.5 ± 1.9 mm로나타났지만, 추간판탈출증이있는 1군에서 L4 L5는치료전에 10.5 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에 10.4 ± 1.7 mm로나타났고, L5 S1은치료전에 10.3 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에 10.3 ± 1.7 mm로나타났다. 그리고 2군에서 L4 L5는 10.4 ± 1.4 mm, 추적조사에 10.4 ± Fig. 6. Comparison of change in the height of lumbar disc. *P < 0.05 compared with follow-up values of the traction group. 1.4 mm 로나타났고, L5 S1 은치료전에 10.3 ± 1.7 mm, 추적조사에 10.4 ± 1.9 mm로나타나정상적인디스크와차이를보였다. 그러나이러한차이는동양인과서양인의체형차이, 측정방법의차이에서발생할수있다. 또한요추추간판탈출증을가진디스크는추간판높이의감소를보이지만, 추간판탈출량의소실이추간판높이의유의한감소를일으키지않는다고이론에따르면 24) 견인치료와감압치료를적용하더라도추간판의높이에는영향을미치지않는다고할수있다 (Fig. 6). 결론적으로추간판탈출증에대한보존적치료에서감압치료는환자들의통증을감소시키는데도움을주었으며, 임상적징후와증상을효과적으로개선시켰다. 하지만임상에서비수술적인접근방법으로보편화되기까지는좀더많은연구가진행되어야할것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Rubin DI: Epidemiology and risk factors for spine pain. Neurol Clin 2007; 25: Wheeler AH, Murrey DB: Chronic lumbar spine and radicular pain: pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2002; 6: Frymoyer JW, Cats-Baril WL: An overview of the incidences and costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 1991; 22: Gunzburg R, Parkinson R, Moore R, Cantraine F, Hutton W, Vernon-Roberts B, et al: A cadaveric study comparing discography, magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and mechanical behavior of the human lumbar disc. Spine 1992; 17: Lebkowski WJ, Dzieciol J: Lumbar intervertebral herniation. The composition of free sequesters-a morphologic study.

7 박정구ㆍ김동근 : 요부디스크탈출의감압치료효과 149 Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 2002; 67: Adams MA, Roughley PJ: What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it? Spine 2006; 31: Fast A: Low back disorders: conservative management. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988; 69: Stakey C: Therapeutic modalities. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, F. A. Davis. 2004, p Andersson GB, Schultz AB, Nachemson AL: Intervertebral disc pressures during traction. Scand J Rehabil Med 1983; 9(Suppl): Ramos G, Martin W: Effects of vertebral axial decompression on intradiscal pressure. J Neurosurg 1994; 81: Kim YI, Lee WS, Park HN, Chae WS, Jin HC, Lee JS, et al: Analysis of methods for pain measurement used in Journal of the Korean Pain Society. Korean J Pain 2003; 16: Fagerlund MK, Thelander U, Friberg S: Size of lumbar disc hernias measured using computed tomography and related to sciatic symptoms. Acta Radiol 1990; 31: Inoue H, Ohmori K, Miyasaka K, Hosoe H: Radiographic evaluation of the lumbosacral disc height. Skeletal Radiol 1999; 28: Saunders HD: Use of spinal traction in the treatment of neck and back conditions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983; 179: Pal B, Mangion P, Hossain MA, Diffey BL: A controlled trial of continous lumbar traction in the treatment of back pain and sciatica. Br J Rheumatol 1986; 25: Kawakami M, Weinstein JN, Spratt KF, Chatani K, Traub RJ, Meller ST, et al: Experimental lumbar radiculopathy. Immunohistochemical and quantitative demonstrations of pain induced by lumbar nerve root irritation of the rat. Spine 1994; 19: Smith SA, Massie JB, Chesnut R, Garfin SR: Straight leg raising. Anatomical effects on the spinal nerve root without and with fusion. Spine 1993; 18: Osti OL, Vernon-Roberts B, Fraser RD: 1990 Volvo Award in experimental studies. Anulus tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. An experimental study using an animal model. Spine 1990; 15: Onel D, Tuzlaci M, Sari H, Demir K: Computed tomographic investigation of the effect of traction on lumbar disc herniations. Spine 1989; 14: Grönblad M, Virri J, Tolonen J, Seitsalo S, Kaapa E, Kankare J, et al: A controlled immunohistochemical study of inflammatory cells in disc herniation tissue. Spine 1994; 19: Hwang BM, Hwang BS: A comparison of the efficacy of epidural steroid injections in terms of the dosages and frequency of triamcinolone injections for the pain related to lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated disks. Korean J Pain 2006; 19: Ozturk B, Gunduz OH, Ozoran K, Bostanoglu S: Effect of continuous lumbar traction on the size of herniated disc material in lumbar disc herniation. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26: Gose EE, Naguszewski WK, Naguszewski RK: Vertebral axial decompression therapy for pain associated with herniated or degenerated discs or facet syndrome: an outcome study. Neurol Res 1998; 20: Holodny AI, Kisza PS, Contractor S, Liu WC: Does a herniated nucleus pulposus contribute significantly to a decrease in height of the intervertebral disc? Quantitative Volumetric MRI. Neuroradiology 2000; 42:

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

Ⅰ. 서 론 요추부 질환으로 내원하는 환자는 정밀검사 전 병력청취 및 정확한 이학적 검사 등을 통하여 치료방향을 결정하게 된다. 검사자는 일반적으로 시진, 능동적, 수동적 운동범위, 촉진, 신경학적 평가, 유발 검사 등의 이학적 검사를 시행하게 되는데 1) 유발 검사

Ⅰ. 서 론 요추부 질환으로 내원하는 환자는 정밀검사 전 병력청취 및 정확한 이학적 검사 등을 통하여 치료방향을 결정하게 된다. 검사자는 일반적으로 시진, 능동적, 수동적 운동범위, 촉진, 신경학적 평가, 유발 검사 등의 이학적 검사를 시행하게 되는데 1) 유발 검사 J Oriental Rehab Med 2013;23(2):129-138 요추부 추간판 탈출 정도와 SLR, valsalva test의 관계 엄태웅 추원정* 이차로* 김호준 이명종 동국대학교 한방재활의학과 교실, 부천자생한방병원 한방내과* A Study of the Relationship between Straight Leg Raising, Valsalva Test

More information

<343520B8B6BBF3B7C42DC4A1B7E1C0FB20B8F0B4DEB8AEC6BCB8A620BAB4BFEBC7D12E687770>

<343520B8B6BBF3B7C42DC4A1B7E1C0FB20B8F0B4DEB8AEC6BCB8A620BAB4BFEBC7D12E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 14, No. 1 pp. 336-343, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2013.14.1.336 치료적모달리티를병용한척추감압치료가요추신경뿌리병증환자에게미치는효과 마상렬 1, 권원안 2*, 이재홍 2, 민동기

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * 조용은 김영수 장호열 = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digita

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * 조용은 김영수 장호열 = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digita KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc 27237-245, 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging in Multiple Lumbar Disc Herniations

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae Chung, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

Special Issue Pain Management and Therapeutic Exercise of Lumbar Disc Herniations Hee Sang Kim, M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitatio

Special Issue Pain Management and Therapeutic Exercise of Lumbar Disc Herniations Hee Sang Kim, M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitatio Pain Management and Therapeutic Exercise of Lumbar Disc Herniations Hee Sang Kim, M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : Abstract

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

< F33C8A35FB9B0B8AEC4A1B7E1C7D0C8B8C1F E687770>

< F33C8A35FB9B0B8AEC4A1B7E1C7D0C8B8C1F E687770> 요추간판탈출의자연적축소 (3 례증례보고 ) 권원안, 김한수 The Journal Korean Society of Physical Therapy 권원안, 김한수 1 김준정형외과 제통의원물리치료실, 1 대구보건대학작업치료과 The Spontaneous Regression of Lumbar Disc Herniation: 3 Cases Report Won-An Kwon,

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1999 요추간반탈출증에서적외선체열촬영과통증척도와의상관관계 장호열 진동규 조용은 김영수 = Abstract = Correlation between Pain Scal

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1999 요추간반탈출증에서적외선체열촬영과통증척도와의상관관계 장호열 진동규 조용은 김영수 = Abstract = Correlation between Pain Scal KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc 28253-258, 1999 요추간반탈출증에서적외선체열촬영과통증척도와의상관관계 장호열 진동규 조용은 김영수 = Abstract = Correlation between Pain Scale and Infrared Thermogram in Lumbar Disc Herniations

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:

Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120: Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136:884-890 Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 03; 1:446-464 1 10 0 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE Cream Cream 80 7 70 6 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE

More information

Continuing Education Column Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL) of Cervical Spine Ki Hong Cho, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Ajou

Continuing Education Column Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL) of Cervical Spine Ki Hong Cho, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Ajou Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL) of Cervical Spine Ki Hong Cho, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Ajou University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : khcho54@ajou.ac.kr Abstract

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 32323-328, 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Spinal Fusion in

More information

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of L

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of L KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc 26416-421, 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of Lumbar Foraminal Disc Herniation by Resecting the Spinous

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information

untitled

untitled 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 43 권제 5 호 2008 J Korean Orthop Assoc 2008; 43: 588-594 자기공명영상을이용한요추부척추관면적계측방법및분석 심대무ㆍ최윤홍ㆍ양정환ㆍ오성균ㆍ김채근ㆍ박정현 원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Analysis and Measurement of the Lumbar Spinal Canal Dimension using

More information

Á¤Çý¿ø

Á¤Çý¿ø 541 Table 1. Comparison of Signal Intensity on T2-weighted Image and Provocative Pain to Discography Signal Intensity on T2WI Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Normal 7 0 00 0.014 Decrease 16 8 12 Table 2. Comparison

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 Journal of Advanced Spine Surgery JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesio

Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 Journal of Advanced Spine Surgery JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesio Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesiolysis and Direct Drug Injection to Root and Intervertebral Disc Lesion at Anterior Dural

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

( )Jksc057.hwp

( )Jksc057.hwp 직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete

More information

109~120 õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á

109~120  õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á 109 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.3.109 Received : 10. 08. 13 Revised : 10. 09. 06 A Case Study Of Patients With Knee Joint Pain Treated With Rubiae Radix Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 09. 07 Key Words:

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

ÀÌÁØ¿ì

ÀÌÁØ¿ì 255 Table 1. Overview of Cases 1 2 01 1 34 F Lt S1 SNRB FB 02 1 67 F CEB FB 03 1 68 M CEB MEB 04 1 58 F CEB Lt L5 SNRB 05 1 64 F CEB Lt L5 SNRB 06 1 61 M CEB Lt L5 SNRB 07 1 61 F Lt L5 SNRB CEB 08 2 73

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou 제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

442 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52:

442 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52: 442 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52: 442-447 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2017.52.5.442 www.jkoa.org 요추극외측추간판탈출증과후외측추간판탈출증의수술에대한상대위험도 : 후향적코호트연구 하대호

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net

More information

<B4EBC7D1B9B0B8AEC4A1B7E1C8AEC8B8C1F B1C735C8A3292E687770>

<B4EBC7D1B9B0B8AEC4A1B7E1C8AEC8B8C1F B1C735C8A3292E687770> 만성요통및하지방사통환자에서감압치료 (KNX 7000 ) 와견인치료의단기치료효과 박소현, 김철승, 이동규, 안상호 The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy 박소현, 김철승, 이동규 1, 안상호 1,2 영남대학교병원의료기기임상시험센터, 1 영남대학교의과대학재활의학교실, 2 영남대학교의료공학연구소 The Short

More information

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.71~82 December 2008 71 류마티스 관절염의 재활치료 오 기 영 순천향 대학교 의과대학 재활의학교실 Rehabilitation Interventions for the Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Ki-Young Oh Department

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

KISEP Case Reports J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 척추불안정을동반한척추후관절근접낭종 (Juxtafacet Cyst) 의수술치험례 최찬영 민병국 권정택 석종식 = Abstract = A Case of Juxtafac

KISEP Case Reports J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 척추불안정을동반한척추후관절근접낭종 (Juxtafacet Cyst) 의수술치험례 최찬영 민병국 권정택 석종식 = Abstract = A Case of Juxtafac KISEP ase Reports J Korean Neurosurg Soc 27530-534, 1998 척추불안정을동반한척추후관절근접낭종 (Juxtafacet yst) 의수술치험례 = bstract = ase of Juxtafacet yst of the Lumbar Spine ccompanied by Spinal Instability han Young hoi,

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

Back Pain in Children

Back Pain in Children Back Pain in Children back pain? back pain 10 ~ 30 % (up to 50 % by Questionnaire) 10 : rare (11 : 11%, 15 : 50%) : Back pain 2 ~ 8 % : (+) up to 50% if : Significant vs. Non-significant Red flag (Fever,

More information

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp 제 출 문 농림수산식품부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 트위스트 휠 방식 폐비닐 수거기 개발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출 합니다. 2008년 4월 24일 주관연구기관명: 경 북 대 학 교 총괄연구책임자: 김 태 욱 연 구 원: 조 창 래 연 구 원: 배 석 경 연 구 원: 김 승 현 연 구 원: 신 동 호 연 구 원: 유 기 형 위탁연구기관명: 삼 생 공 업 위탁연구책임자:

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation Tae Kyun Kim, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.,

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절

202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절 202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 202-208 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2014.49.3.202 www.jkoa.org 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절환자의치료시척추체성형술에추가로시행한선택적신경차단술의임상결과및효용성 민상혁 윤성현 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실

More information

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients

1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients 1) 측두하악관절장애 (TMD) 환자에게초음파와근막이완술이측두하악관절및경부의기능적회복에미치는영향, 1 The Effect of Ultrasound and Myofascial Release on a Functional Recovery of Neck in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder Soo-jin Kim PT, Sang-wook

More information

02-유재원

02-유재원 대한척추외과학회지제 13 권제 2 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 81~86, 2006 경추전방추간판제거술및유합술의방사선학적및임상적결과의상관관계 유재원 손홍문 이자용 이철갑 # 조선대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 산업의학과학교실 # The Correlation Between Radiographic and

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effecti

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effecti Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Patient with a Single Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis who is on the Operation Schedule Dae Ho Ha, M.D., Dae Moo

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

02-류종선(전화교정진행중)

02-류종선(전화교정진행중) 대한척추외과학회지제 13 권제 4 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 13, No. 4, pp 234~239, 2006 단분절퇴행성추간판질환에의한경추척수증 류종선 채종우 조우진 문명상 장 @ 한 대전선병원정형외과교실 Mono-segment Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Abstract Jong Seon

More information

Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.179~186 December 요추척추관협착증에대한자기공명영상의진단가치 이경석, 심재준, 윤석만, 도재원, 윤일규, 배학근 순천향대학교천안병원신경외과학교실 Diagn

Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.179~186 December 요추척추관협착증에대한자기공명영상의진단가치 이경석, 심재준, 윤석만, 도재원, 윤일규, 배학근 순천향대학교천안병원신경외과학교실 Diagn Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.179~186 December 2008 179 요추척추관협착증에대한자기공명영상의진단가치 이경석, 심재준, 윤석만, 도재원, 윤일규, 배학근 순천향대학교천안병원신경외과학교실 Diagnostic Value of the MRI on the Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

482_493특집_김형일

482_493특집_김형일 Focused Issue of This Month Causes and Diagnostic Strategies for Chronic Low Back Pain Hyoung Ihl Kim, MDDongGyu Shin, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Presbyterian Medical Center Email : hyoungihl@hotmail.comsdh8262@hanmail.net

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information