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1 객혈을동반한양성전이성폐평활근종 1 예 한림대학교강동성심병원내과, 흉부외과 1, 해부병리과 2 박소영, 임은주, 장지선, 김창환, 지현근 1, 조성진 2, 박용범, 이재영, 모은경 Benign Metastasizing Pulmonary Leiomyoma with Hemoptysis So Young Park, M.D., Eun-Ju Lim, M.D., Ji-Sun Jang, M.D., Chang-Hwan Kim, M.D., Hyun Keun Jee, M.D. 1, Sung Jin Cho, M.D. 2, Yong Bum Park M.D., Jae Young Lee, M.D., Eun Kyung Mo, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Thoracic surgery 1, Anatomical Pathology 2, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea A benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma(bmpl) is a rare disease that is usually detected years after a hysterectomy or myomectomy. Despite the benign pathological appearance, these tumors can metastasize and become clinically malignant. Recently, we experienced case of BMPL with hemoptysis. A 43-year-old woman, who had undergone a hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma 8 years ago, visited our department complaining of intermittent hemoptysis. A chest CT showed bilateral multiple nodular lesions. Video-associated thoracoscopy was performed. The resected small nodular lesion revealed the proliferation of spindle cells without mitosis or nuclear atypism. The lesions tested positive to the smooth muscle marker (actin) by immunohistochemical staining. Therefore, the multiple nodules were considered as benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma from a uterine leiomyoma. GnRH analogue therapy was initiated. A chest CT showed that the size and number of pulmonary lesions did not change after 3 months, and the patient was symptom free. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 92-96) Key words : Benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma, Uterine leiomyoma, GnRH analogue 서 양성전이성폐평활근종 (Benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma, 이하 BMPL) 은자궁유섬유종에서기인하는드문질환으로조직학적으로는양성종양이나, 임상적으로악성의진행양상을보인다 1. 평활근육으로이루어진다발성결절의발생을특징으로하며, 폐전이가가장많이보고되고있다 2. 주로자근근종으로자궁절제술이나근종절제술을받는중년의여성에서호발한다. 대부분환자에서증상없이우연히촬영한흉부사진에서발견된결절의조직검사를통하여진단이되고객혈을동반한국내보고는없는실정이다. 최근저자들은자궁절제술과거력이있는환자에서간헐적인객혈을주소로내원한양성전이성폐평활근종 1예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고 론 Address for correspondence : Yong Bum Park M.D., Departments of Internal Medicine Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital 445 Kildong Kangdong-Gu, Seoul Phone : Fax : bfspark@medimail.co.kr Received : Jul Accepted : Nov 하는바이다. 증례환자 : 김 O 복, 43세, 여자주소 : 간헐적인소량의객혈과거력 : 8년전본원산부인과에서자궁근종으로자궁절제술을시행받았고 1년전왼쪽유방섬유선종을진단받았다. 3년전부터고혈압으로칼슘채널차단제복용중이였다. 가족력 : 아버지는식도암으로사망하였고오빠는폐결핵의과거력이있었다. 현병력 : 한달전부터간헐적으로발생된소량의객혈로외래로내원하였다. 내원일주일전부터객혈은없었고, 단순흉부촬영에서특이소견없었다. 구강, 비강, 후두부위검사와상부위장관내시경에서는이상소견은없어흉부컴퓨터단층촬영시행하였고양측폐야에다발성결절이관찰되어입원하였다. 이학적소견 : 입원당시혈압 130/80 mmhg, 맥박수 80회 / 분, 호흡수 20회 / 분, 체온은 36.6 였다. 의식은명료하였고결막의창백이나공막의황달소견은보이지않았다. 흉부청진시심음은규칙적이고, 잡음도들리지않았으며호흡음도깨끗하였다. 복부는부 92
2 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 60. No. 1, Jan Figure 1. CT scan reveals multiple nodular opacities on both lung fields. Figure 2. A : On the lowest magnification view, a well-circumscribed round nodular solid mass is found at the peripheral lung parenchyme(h&e, 10). B : On the high magnification view, the tumor demonstrates high cellular smooth muscle cells showing multiply fascicular arrangement. There is no evidence of atypical mitosis, necrosis or pleomorphism. (H&E, 200). C : The immunohistochemical stain shows actin-positive smoothe muscle cells ( 100). D : Sections of uterine leiomyoma from hystrectomy show lower cellular smooth muscle cells (H&E, 100). 드러웠으며비정상적인종물은만져지지않았고그외전신진찰에서특이소견은없었다. 검사실소견 : 입원당시말초혈액검사결과에서는혈색소 15g/dL, 적혈구용적률 46%, 백혈구 7110/ 93
3 SY Park et al. : Benign Metastasizing Pulmonary Leiomyoma with Hemoptysis mm3, 혈소판 307,000/ mm3이었다. 프로트롬빈시간 10.4초 (INR 0.92), 활성화부분트롬보플라스틴시간 28초, 동맥혈가스분석검사는 ph 7.412, PaO mmHg, PaCO mmHg, 산소포화도는 98% 로정상이었다. 종양표지자검사에서 CEA 1.7 ug/ml ( 정상 : 0-8ug/ml), CA u/ml( 정상 : 0-35u/ml) 였고생화학검사, 소변검사등도정상이었다. 방사선학적소견 : 내원당시의단순흉부방사선검사에서특이소견없었으며, 흉부컴퓨터단층촬영에서양폐야에 1cm 미만의경계가명확한다발성폐결절이존재하였다. 종격동이나폐문부림프절비대는관찰되지않았으며, 다른객혈의원인이될만한병변은없었다. (Fig. 1) 폐기능검사 : 노력성폐활량은 3.19 L( 정상예측치 98%), 1초간노력성호기량 2.69 L( 정상예측치 107%), FEV1/FVC 84(%) 로정상범위를보였다. 병리학적소견 : 좌상엽혀부분에서흉강경하쐐기절제술이시행하였고절제된조직검체는 cm 크기로육안검사소견상장측흉막으로돌출된둥근결절형종괴가관찰되었다. 절단면소견상황백색의섬유성기질과약간의거친섬유속을갖는 cm 크기의고형성종양이었고, 주변조직으로의침윤소견등은관찰되지않았다. 조직학적으로종양은정상폐실질과경계가뚜렷하게구분되었고 (Fig. 2A) 세포밀도가높은방추세포들이무질서한다발형태로분포하였으며, 괴사소견등은없었다. 아울러종괴변연부와내부에는화생화원주세포로피복된폐포강구조들이관찰되었다 (Fig. 2B). 방추세포들은다형성이없는균일한크기와형태를갖고있었으며비정형성세포분열상은없었다. 방추세포들의성상을알기위해시행한면역조직화학검사에서이종양세포들은 actin에강양성소견을보였고 Ki-67, p53 염색에음성으로양성의평활근세포로판명되어 (Fig. 2C), 세포충실형평활근종으로진단되었다. 그러나에스트로겐수용체와프로제스토로겐수용체은음성이었다. 이환자의과거자궁적출종양은조직학적으로세포밀도가낮은양성평활근종의소견을보였으며 (Fig. 2D) 본폐조직의평활근종은과거자궁의평활근종에비해세포밀도가높아진양 상이었다. 치료및임상경과 : 퇴원후외래에서 GnRH analogue 인 luprorelin acetate (3.75mg) 피하주사하면서 3개월후흉부컴퓨터단층촬영을추적하였다. 이전에보였던결절과비교해서크기는변화없었고객혈도없는상태로현재외래추적관찰중이다. 고찰 BMPL은자근근종으로자궁절제술또는근종절제술을시행받았던환자에서발생하는폐의평활근세포증식성종양이다. 1939년 Steiner 가처음으로기술한드문질환으로 Metastasizing fibroleiomyoma 라는용어를사용하면서양성의조직학적소견과분화가잘된근육세포, 조밀한결합조직을갖는종양으로보고하였다 1. 폐, 림프절, 복부등다양한장기에전이가가능하며, 다발성결절의형태로폐에가장흔하게전이되는것으로보고되고있다. 주로가임기여성들에게서호발하고드물게는폐경기여성이나임신중에서도발생한다 2. BMPL의확실히정립된병인론은없다. 하지만보편적으로받아들여지고있는가설로는혈관을침범한자궁의평활근세포가혈액을통해다른기관으로전이된다는것이다. 하대정맥을통해우심방까지도달한정맥내근종의보고나폐침범과함께부신이나하지연조직에서의동반된평활근종에대한보고가이를뒷받침하고있다 3-5. 전신에평활근세포의다발적발생을주장하는설도있으나 Lothar 등은자궁평활근종과전이성폐평활근종, 파종성복강내평활근종증 (Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis) 의분석에서모두단일세포에서유래한평활근증식을보이고동일한 X 염색체불활성화양상이나타나는것을볼때다발성발생보다는전이성병인론에가능성을높게보았다 6. 다른가설로는자궁근종의진단당시표본이적절하지않아악성의가능성이있는평활근육종이잘못진단될가능성이있다는것으로전이를포함한악성의경과를보이는것으로설명하고있다 7,8. 폐결절은증상없이우연히발견되는경우가흔하 94
4 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 60. No. 1, Jan 지만기침이나객담등이초기증상으로나타나는경우도있다. 국내에서발표된 BMPL의 7예의경우에서도무증상으로우연히발견되거나만성기침증상으로나타났다. 내원일주일전부터객혈이없었던상태여서기관지내시경은시행하지않았지만, 객혈을주소로내원한국내보고는없는실정이다. 방사선학적소견은아주경계가명확한단일혹은다발성의결절성병변으로나타나고때때로공동이관찰되기도한다. 종양의크기는 0.5에서 5.0cm로다양하며양측성으로나타나기도한다. Ambrason 등은폐결절이석회화는보이지않고조영증강이되지않는특징이있다고보고했다 9. 진단은폐결절의조직검사를통해서이루어진다. 양성의진단은악성평활근세포가관찰되지않고평활근육종의가능성이배제될때이루어진다. 자궁근종의과거력이있는환자에서다발성폐결절은기관지폐과오종, 원발성평활근종, 림프관평활근종증및전이성암을감별해야하며, 이는종괴절제를통한조직검사를통해이루어진다. BMPL은발생빈도가드물어치료에대한표준적인지침이결정되어있지않다. 자궁절제술이나양측난관난소적출술등의수술치료가효과적이라는보고가있지만 10, 폐로전이된 BMPL에대한치료효과가확실하지않다. 국내에서 Kang 등이폐평활근종절제술을시행한보고가있지만 11 본환자는수 mm 에서 10mm의작은결절들이양측폐중심부와주변부에다발적으로발생해서수술로절제하기에는불가능하였다. 젊은여성에서는수술보다황체호르몬분비호르몬 (LHRH) 작용제를포함한내과적치료를선호한다. BMPL 10예중 8예에서에스트로겐수용체나프로제스테론수용체가양성이라는연구보고가있으며 12, 수용체검사와황체호르몬분비호르몬 (LHRH) 작용제의사용으로치료에반응하는환자를선택할수있는데, 본증례는호르몬수용체가음성이었지만, 폐경전인환자로양측난소난관적출술의수술보다내과적인치료를원하여 LHRH analogue 치료를시작하였다. Sandow 등은 LHRH analogue가내인성의 LHRH에대해서뇌하수체에서탈감작으로일시적으로생식선의억제가일어나므로결과적으로 에스트로겐이감소하고종양의퇴행이올수있다고보고했다 13. 국내에서 LHRH analogue 치료는이 14 등이유일하게보고하였으며, LHRH analogue 치료 4 개월에시행한흉부컴퓨터단층촬영상폐결절이증가하는소견을보고하였다. 폐평활근종의수술적방법과호르몬조작이외에도세포독성약물이치료에시도되고있으나종양의진행억제에는크게효과적이지는않다. BMPL의예후는자궁근종의수술적제거뿐아니라환자의에스트로겐혹은프로제스테론상태와관련이있는것으로알려져있다 12. 폐결절은임신중반기와후반기및출산후산욕기동안쇠퇴하는경향을보이며, 폐경후환자에서는무활동상태를보이거나, 아주서서히진행하는양상을보이나, 폐경전의환자들에서는폐결절이진행하여, 호흡부전이나사망에까지이르는빠른진행을보일수있다 15. 본환자는폐경전의환자로 GnRH analogue인 Luprolein acetate를투여하면서 3개월후추적한흉부컴퓨터단층촬영에서다발성폐결절의크기가이전과변화를보이지않고객혈도없는안정된상태로외래추적관찰중이다. 요 자궁근종으로자궁절제술을시행받은과거력이있는 43세여자가객혈을주소로내원하였다. 컴퓨터단층촬영에서다발성폐결절이발견되어흉강경하에서조직검사시행후양성전이성폐평활근종을진단받았다. 폐경전환자로 GnRH analogues 치료를시도하였고 3개월후추적검사에서폐결절의크기는이전과변화가없는상태를확인하였고객혈도없는안정된상태로경과관찰중이다. 약 참고문헌 1. Steiner PE. Metastasizing fibroleiomyoma of the uterus. Report of a and review of the literature. Am J Pathol 1939:15: Bachmann D, Wolff M. Pulmonary metastases from benign appearing smooth muscle tumors of the ute- 95
5 SY Park et al. : Benign Metastasizing Pulmonary Leiomyoma with Hemoptysis rus. AJR Am J Roentogenol 1976;127: Canzonieri V, D'Amore ES, Bartoloni G, Piazza M, Blandamura S, Carbone A. Leiomyomatosis with invasion: a unified pathogenesis reguarding leiomyoma with microinvasion, benign metastasizing leiomyoma and leiomyomatosis. Virchows Arch 1994;425: Maheux R, Samson Y, Farid NR, Parent JG, Jean C. Utilization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in agonist in pulmonary leiomyomatosis. Fertil Steril 1987;48: Park GC, Song JS, Lee K. A case report of benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus to the lung and soft tissues of lower extremities. Korean J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;29: Tietze L, Gunther K, Horbe A, Pawlik C, Klosterhalfen B, Handt S, et al. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma: a cytogenetically balnanced but clonal disease. Hum Pathol 2000;31: Wolff M, Silva F, Kaye G. Pulmonary metastases (with admixed epithelial elements) from smooth muscle neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 1979;3: Zaloudek C, Norris HJ. Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. In: Kurman, editors. Blaustein's ppathology of the female tract. 4th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag: p Abramson S, Gilkeson RC. Multiple pulmonary in an asymptomatic patients. Chest 1999;116: Banner AS, Carrington CB, Emory WB, Kittle F, Leonard G, Ringus J, et al. Efficacy of oophorectomy in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and benign metastasizing leiomyoma. N Engl J Med 1981;305: Kang SA, Choi SI, Kim YA, Kim CJ, Yang DG, Kang JH, et al. A case of benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma. Tuber Respir Dis 2005;58: Hague WM, Abdulwahid NA, Jacobs HS, Craft I. Use of LHRH analogue to obtain reversible castration in a patient with benign metastasizing leiomyoma. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;93: Sandow J. Clinical application of LHRH and its analogues. Clin Endocrinol 1983;18: Rhie SY, Yeo BG, Kim SH, Yang SK, Yoo WK, Baik JJ, et al. A case of benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the lung of woman with a history of myomectomy. Korean J Med 2004;67:s Horstmann JP, Pietra GG, Harman JA, Cole NG, Grinson S. Spontaneous regression of pulmonary leiomyomas during pregnancy. Cancer 1997;39:
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