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pissn 1229-1153 / eissn 2465-9223 J. Food Hyg. Saf. Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 211~216 (2017) https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2017.32.3.211 Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety Available online at http://www.

1 pissn / eissn J. Food Hyg. Saf. Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 211~216 (2017) Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety Available online at 경기도내유통다소비생선류의중금속및셀레늄함량 조윤식 * 김기철 김경아 강석호 정유정 곽신혜 이필석 이운형 모아라 용금찬 윤미혜 경기도보건환경연구원안산농수산물검사소 A Study on Heavy Metals and Selenium Contents of Seafoods Commonly Consumed in Gyeonggi-Do Yun-Sik Cho*, Ki-Cheol Kim, Kyung-A Kim, Suk-Ho Kang, You-Jung Jung, Shin-Hye Kwak, Pil-Suk Lee, Woon-Hyung Lee, Ara Moh, Kum-Chan Yong, and Mi-Hye Yoon GyeongGi-Do Institute of Public Health and Environment Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center, Ansan, Korea (Received January 25, 2017/Revised March 12, 2017/Accepted June 8, 2017) ABSTRACT - A total of 100 seafoods commonly consumed in Gyeonggi-do were investigated to determine the concentration of lead (Pb), total mercury (Hg), methyl mercury (MeHg), cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se). Concentration of heavy metals and selenium was measured by using mercury analyzer, ICP-MS and GC-ECD. The average content (mg/kg) of heavy metals in the seafood samples was as follows; Pb ( ), Cd ( ), and Hg ( ). All the levels were below the recommended standards of the MFDS in Pb (0.5 mg/kg), Cd (0.2 mg/kg), Hg (0.5 mg/kg). The methylmercury was detected in the hairtail ( mg/kg) and cod ( mg/kg). After the average content of heavy metals in seafood was determined, the exposure assessment for heavy metals was conducted. Relative hazardous levels compared to PTWI were lower than the official standards of the JECFA for Pb (0.97%), Hg (3.42%) Cd (0.45%). In conclusion, the levels presented in this study are presumed to be safe for consumption. Key words : Total Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Selenium, Seafoods 바다에서식하는수산물에는인체에필요한단백질, 지방, 미네랄등의영양성분은물론다양한기능성물질들이함유되어있다. 특히우리나라는수산물소비가많은나라이며, 생활수준향상으로인해건강에대한관심이높아져육류보다는수산물을통한단백질섭취가증가하고있는추세이다 1). 하지만급속한산업발달과더불어연안지역은여러가지산업폐수와도시하수의유입으로중금속오염에노출될가능성도크게증가하였다. 이러한환경에서오염된식품의섭취를통해중금속은체내로들어오게되며한번들어온중금속은쉽게분해되거나제거되지않고축적된다. 중금속은직접적인독성이강할뿐만아니라만성적으로내분비계를교란시키는작용을하는것으로밝혀지면서식품중의중금속농도와섭취량, 생리적인작용, 허용량에관한연구가활발히진행되고있 *Correspondence to: Yun-Sik Cho, Ansan Agro-fishery Products Inspection Center, Gyeinggi-Do Institute of Health and Environment, Ansan 15507, Korea Tel: , Fax: cyun0030@gg.go.kr 으며, 국내에서도식량의안전성확보및통상마찰로인한분쟁방지를위해농산물, 수산물등을대상으로지속적으로중금속모니터링을수행하여왔다. 국내수산물의기준규격은납, 카드뮴, 수은등의위해중금속위주로관리되고있으며 2006년에는심해성어류, 다랑어류및새치류에대한메틸수은기준규격을신설하였다 2-6). 납 (Pb) 은급성중독보다장기간축적에의한만성중독이문제가되고있으며인체에흡수되면주로골격에축적되고연부조직에일부축적되는것으로보고되고있다. 카드뮴 (Cd) 은자연계에낮은농도로존재하지만환경오염물질로주목받고있으며비타민 D의활성을저해하여뼈가물러지며작은움직임에도골절을일으키는이타이이타이병을유발하는중금속이다. 수은 (Hg) 은상온에서액체상태로존재하는유일한금속으로물리 화학적특성에따라원소수은, 무기수은, 유기수은으로구분되며, 해양환경중에존재하는대부분의수은은무기형태이다 7). 인간이수은에노출되는주요경로는식이를통한비중이가장크며, 그중에서도어류및어류가공품을통한비중이가장크다 8). 해양환경중에무기수은은토양과퇴적물내 211

2 212 Yun-Sik Cho et al. 미생물의활동으로유기형태인메틸수은으로전환되기도한다. 메틸수은은중추신경계와심혈관계등의주요기관에손상을가하는독성물질로체내축적시뇌, 간, 신장에축적되며신장에서가장높은농도를나타내는물질로알려져있다 9-11). 1950년대일본미나마타중독사건은인간에게서메틸수은의중독성이처음보고된건으로공장에서배출된폐수에의해오염된어류의섭취가직접적원인으로지금까지알려진대표적환경오염사건이다. 셀레늄 (Se) 은신체의면역체계유지는물론항산화물질로서의기능을하는필수적인미네랄성분으로소량의섭취만으로기능을발휘하나장기간다량섭취할경우간장장애, 신장장애등역효과를나타내므로적정량섭취가중요하다할수있다. 이러한셀레늄은수은의배출과독성제거의효과가있는것으로알려져있으며 WHO에서는성인기준으로 50~200 μg/person/day로규정하고있다 12). 따라서본연구에서는 2016년도식품안전관리지침자료를바탕으로경기도내에서유통되는다소비생선류를대상으로현재수산물에공통적으로기준과규격이설정되어있는납 (Pb), 수은 (Hg) 과카드뮴 (Cd) 을비롯하여심해성어류에만기준규격이설정되어있는메틸수은뿐만아니라셀레늄 (Se) 함량까지분석하여생선류가중금속섭취에미치는영향을평가하고자하였다. Materials and Methods 반시험법 에등재된메틸수은시험법을사용하였다. 균질화한시료약 2g을취하여염산등으로분해하여시험용액으로사용하였다. 총수은은시료균질화후약 0.1 g을시험용액으로사용하였다. 시료의전처리 ( 납, 카드뮴, 셀레늄 ) 식품공전제9. 일반시험법 에등재된마이크로웨이브법에따라시료약 0.5 g을취하여질산등으로분해하여시험용액으로하였다. 기기분석 ( 총수은, 메틸수은 ) 총수은은균질화한시료약 0.1 g을가열기화금아말감법의원리로분석을하는수은분석기 (MA-3000, Nippon Instruments Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) 를사용하여측정하였으며, 수은표준용액을제조하여외부검량선과 LOD, LOQ를확인하였으며, 수은표준용액을시료에첨가하여회수율을확인하였다. 메틸수은분석은기체크로마토그래피전자포획검출기 (GC-μECD, Agilent Technology GC System 7890N, Agilent, Palo Alto, California, USA) 를사용하여분석하였다. 시험용액은메틸수은분석용 GC 컬럼인 HR-Thermon-HG (15 m 0.53 mmid, Shinwa Chem., Kyoto, Japan) 컬럼을사용 하였으며, 기기분석조건은 Table 1 과같다. 시료시료는식품공전제8. 검체의채취및취급방법에따라수거하였으며 2016년 3월부터 11월까지경기도내에서판매, 유통되고있는고등어등 9종의생선류, 총 100건을대상으로분석하였다. 시약및표준용액분석에사용된표준원액은납, 카드뮴, 셀레늄 (Multi- Element, PerkinElmer, Inc. USA), 수은 (Mercury, PerkinElmer, Inc. USA) 을사용하였고, 메틸수은은염화메틸수은 (methylmercury(ii) chloride, Sigma- Aldrich Co., Ltd., St. Louis, MO, USA) g을톨루엔 (toluene, Sigma-Aldrich Co.) 으로용해하여제조하였다. 산분해용시약으로염산 (hydrochloric acid, Sigma-Aldrich Co.) 과질산 (super-pure grade, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 을사용하였으며, 실험에사용한모든시약과용매는분석용특급시약및 GC 분석용등급을사용하였으며, 증류수는저항값을확인하여 (18.2MΩ ±0.2) 내부점검기준에의해이상이없음을확인한후사용하였다. 시료의전처리 ( 메틸수은, 총수은 ) 메틸수은분석을위한전처리방법은식품공전제 9. 일 Table 1. Analytical condition of Methylmercury by GC system Parameters Conditions Instument GC (Agilent 7890A) Column Detector Inlet temp. Oven temp. Detector temp. Carrier gas Injection vol. ULBON HR-Thermon-Hg (0.53 mm ID 15 m, Shinwa Chem.) Micro electron capture detector (µecd) 150 o C 140 o C 160 o C N 2 (3.5 ml/min) 1 µl (Splitless) Table 2. Analytical condition of ICP-MS Parameters Conditions RF Power 1600 Watt Aux. gas 1.2 L/min as Argon Neb. gas 1.02 L/min as Argon Pulse stage voltage 900 V Mass Pb Cd Se (m/z)

3 A Study on Heavy Metals and Selenium Contents of Seafoods Commonly Consumed in Gyeonggi-Do 213 Table 3. Recoveries of Heavy metals and Selenium Compound Recovery Average (Mean ± RSD) Detection limits (µg/kg) 기기분석 ( 납, 카드뮴, 셀레늄 ) 균질화한시료약 0.5 g을취하여질산용액 7mL, 과산화수소 1mL 첨가후마이크로웨이브를사용하여분해하였고, ICP-MS (Perkin-Elmer, USA) 를이용하여측정하였으며기기조건은 Table 2와같다. Result and Discussion Quantification limits (µg/kg) Total mercury ± Lead 99.9 ± Cadmium 92.8 ± Selenium 99.9 ± Methyl mercury 99.7 ± 정량및검출한계표준용액을제조하여검량선을각각작성하여, 직선성의범위를확인하였으며평균 이상의상관계수 (R 2 ) 값을나타내었다. 각각의검출한계와정량한계는 Table 3과같다. 회수율총수은, 납, 카드뮴, 셀레늄은한국표준과학연구원에서 Table 4. Levels of Heavy metals and Selenium in seafoods 구입한표준인증물질 (certified reference material, CRM) 을이용하여 3회반복측정하였고, 염화메틸수은은최종농도가 0.5 mg/kg이되도록고등어시료에첨가하여측정하였으며, 그결과는 Table 3과같다. 생선류중중금속 ( 납, 수은, 카드뮴, 메틸수은 ) 및셀레늄함량본연구에서분석된생선류에대한중금속 ( 납, 수은, 카드뮴, 메틸수은 ) 및셀레늄함량은품목별로 Table 4에나타내었다. 생선류총 100건중위해중금속으로관리대상항목인납, 수은, 카드뮴의경우는시료별차이는있지만모두기준규격이하로검출되었고메틸수은은수은농도가높았던두가지시료에서검출되었다. 셀레늄의경우다른위해금속에비해서높은농도로존재하는것으로나타났다. 중금속항목별검출특성 납 (Pb), 카드뮴 (Cd) 및수은 (Hg) 본실험에사용된생선류에서납의함량 ( 평균 ± 표준오차 ( 최소값-최대값 ), mg/kg) 은고등어 0.10 ± 0.02( ), 갈치 0.07 ± 0.02( ), 조기 0.08 ± 0.03 ( ), 꽁치 0.10 ± 0.03( ), 삼치 0.08 ± 0.02( ), 대구 0.11 ± 0.07( ), 아귀 0.10 ± 0.02( ), 임연수 0.10 ± 0.05( ), 전어 0.06 ± 0.01( ) 로나타났다. 평균 (unit: mg/kg) Name Sample number Pb Cd Hg MeHg Se mackerel ± 0.02 ( ) ( ) 0.04 ± 0.00 ( ) 0.75 ± 0.03 ( ) hairtail ± 0.02 ( ) 0.06 ± 0.03 ( ) 0.01 ± 0.01 ( ) 0.07 * 0.34 ± 0.04 ( ) croaker ± 0.03 ( ) 0.00 ± 0.00 ( ) 0.02 ± 0.00 ( ) 0.46 ± 0.05 ( ) pacific saury ± 0.03 ( ) ( ) 0.05 ± 0.01 ( ) 0.33 ± 0.02 ( ) spanish mackerek ± 0.02 ( ) 0.01 ± 0.01 ( ) 0.03 ± 0.00 ( ) 0.53 ± 0.02 ( ) cod ± 0.07 ( ) ( ) 0.08 ± 0.07 ( ) 0.29 * 0.36 ± 0.03 ( ) monkfish ± 0.02 ( ) ( ) 0.07 ± 0.01 ( ) 0.29 ± 0.00 ( ) atka monkerel ± 0.05 ( ) ( ) 0.05 ± 0.02 ( ) 0.30 ± 0.04 ( ) gizzard ± 0.01 ( ) 0.00 ± 0.00 ( ) 0.02 ± 0.02 ( ) 0.28 ± 0.28 ( ) * MeHg was detected in only two samples (hairtail, cod)

4 214 Yun-Sik Cho et al. 값은대구, 최대값은삼치가가장높았으며, 전체평균값은 0.08 mg/kg로현재식품공전설정기준 (0.5 mg/kg) 에못미치는수치였다. 카드뮴의함량 ( 평균 ± 표준오차 ( 최소값-최대값 ), mg/kg) 은고등어 ( ), 갈치 0.06 ± 0.03( ), 조기 0.00 ± 0.00( ), 꽁치 ( ), 삼치 0.01 ± 0.01( ), 대구 0.01 ± 0.00( ), 아귀 ( ), 임연수 ( ), 전어 0.00 ± 0.00( ) 로나타났다. 평균값은갈치, 최대값은삼치로나타났으며전체평균값은 0.01 mg/kg로식품공전설정기준 (0.2 mg/kg) 이하의수치였다. 수은의경우 ( 평균 ± 표준오차 ( 최소값-최대값 ), mg/kg) 는고등어 0.04 ± 0.00( ), 갈치 0.01 ± 0.01( ), 조기 0.02 ± 0.00( ), 꽁치 0.05 ± 0.01 ( ), 삼치 0.03 ± 0.00( ), 대구 0.08 ± 0.07( ), 아귀 0.07 ± 0.01( ), 임연수 0.05 ± 0.02( ), 전어 0.02 ± 0.02( ) 로나타났다. 평균값, 최대값모두대구가가장높았으며, 전체평균값은 0.04 mg/kg로식품공전설정기준 (0.5 mg/kg) 에이하로나타났다. 이러한조사결과는국내권등 14) 의유통수산물에대한연구결과에 Pb 0.01 mg/kg, Cd 0.01 mg/kg, Hg 0.07 mg/kg 로보고되었고, 목등 1) 의연안산어류에대한연구결과에서 Pb 0.04 mg/kg, Cd 0.02 mg/kg, Hg 0.01 mg/kg 으로나타났으며, 김등 28) 의유통어류에대한연구에서 Pb 0.02 mg/ kg, Cd 0.02 mg/kg, Hg 0.07 mg/kg로나타나전체적으로유사한수치를나타내었으나, 각검출농도의분포범위는다양하여어류의크기, 부위등의개체특성과상관성이있을것으로판단된다. 셀레늄 (Se) 셀레늄의함량 ( 평균 ± 표준오차 ( 최소값-최대값 ), mg/kg) 은고등어 0.75 ± 0.03( ), 갈치 0.34 ± 0.04 ( ), 조기 0.46 ± 0.05, 꽁치 0.33 ± 0.02( ), 삼치 0.53 ± 0.02( ), 대구 0.36 ± 0.03 ( ), 아귀 0.29 ± 0.00( ), 임연수 0.30 ± 0.04( ), 전어 0.28 ± 0.28( ) 로위해금속으로기준규격항목인 Pb, Cd, Hg에비해모든시료에서높은농도로나타났다. 셀레늄 (Se) 과수은 (Hg) 의몰비율셀레늄은수은과반응하여독성을낮춰주는물질로셀레늄이많이함유된식품에서는수은중독이잘발생하지않는것으로알려져있다. 과거에는수은자체의독성이문제시되었지만최근연구 27) 에서는수은이체내에서셀레늄결핍을일으키는것에주목하고있으며셀레늄은수 Fig. 1. The mole ratio of Mercury and Selenium. 은과결합친화력이강하여두물질이결합하여비활성화합물인 mercury selenide를생성함으로인해서독성을감소시키게된다. 따라서수은과셀레늄의몰비율이수은단독의총함량보다위해성평가에있어서중요한요소라할수있다. 조사대상생선류에대한셀레늄 (Se) 과수은 (Hg) 의몰수비교결과는 Fig. 1과같으며, 고등어등 9품목에서모두셀레늄이수은보다최소 10배이상많은것으로나타났다. 납, 수은및카드뮴의위해성평가고등어등 9품목총 100건을대상으로위해금속을측정한결과각각의평균함량은 Pb 0.08 mg/kg, Cd 0.01 mg/ kg, Hg 0.04 mg/kg으로나타났다. 상기결과를바탕으로위해도평가를위한노출량산출을위하여 2013년국민건강영양조사 13) 원시자료를통계패키지로분석하여국민평균체중을산출하였으며, 다소비생선류의일일평균섭취량은 2016년도식품안전관리지침을따랐다. 본연구결과와위에서산출된분석대상어류의일일평균섭취량과 JECFA에서제시한 PTWI 및 PTMI 대비위해도 (%) 를산출하여노출수준의위해정도는 Table 5, 6 과같이나타났다. JECFA에서설정한납과총수은의 PTWI 는 25 μg/kg b.w./week, 4 μg/kg b.w./week로섭취빈도가높은고등어와대구에서 PTWI % 가높은것으로나타났으며, PTMI가 25 μg/kg b.w./month인카드뮴도섭취빈도가높은고등어와대구에서 PTMI % 가높은것으로나타났다. 조사대상생선류 9종의섭취량을통해산출한납의주간추정노출량은 μg/kg b.w./week 이며 JECFA에서제시하는납의 PTWI 대비 0.97%, 총수은의주간추정노출량은 μg/kg b.w./week 로총수은 PTWI 대비 3.42% 로나타났으며, 카드뮴의월간추정노출량은 μg/kg b.w./month로카드뮴의 PTMI 대비 0.45% 로나타났다. 셀레늄의경우생선류 9종의주간추정노출량은 μg/ kg b.w./week로평균체중을바탕으로섭취량환산시일일총섭취량은약 9.27 μg으로최소권장량 50 μg에미치는못

5 A Study on Heavy Metals and Selenium Contents of Seafoods Commonly Consumed in Gyeonggi-Do 215 Table 5. The estimated intake of Pb, Hg, Se, Cd Name Daily food intake (g/man/day) Weekly food intake (g/man/week) Monthly food intake (g/man/month) Estimated weekly intake 1) of (µg/kg b.w 2)./week) Estimated monthly intake 4) of (µg/kg b.w./month) Pb Hg Se se (µg) 3) Cd mackerel hairtail croaker pacific saury spanish mackerek cod monkfish atka monkerel gizzard Total ) [Mean content in each food daily food intake 7]/56.73(b.w.) 2) b.w.: body weight (56.73 kg) 3) [Estimated weekly intake of SE] kg 4) [Mean content in each food daily food intake 30]/56.73(b.w.) Table 6. The estimated intake of Pb, Hg, Cd compared with standards by JECFA Estimated weekly intake of (µg/kg b.w./week) Estimated monthly intake of (µg/kg b.w./month) Name % of PTWI 1) in % of PTMI 1) in Pb Hg Cd Pb Hg Cd 2) mackerel hairtail croaker pacific saury spanish mackerek cod monkfish atka monkerel gizzard Total ) The percentage of the PTWI set by JECFA 2) The percentage of the PTMI set by JECFA 하는수준으로나타났다. 또한유해중금속으로관리대상항목인납, 수은, 카드뮴의경우모두기준규격이하로검출되었으며, 크기가큰어종인갈치, 대구, 삼치에서항목별로높은농도를나타내었다. 메틸수은은식품의약품안전처연구보고서에따르면심해성어류의경우에수은함량대비약 40% 로보고있지만, 본연구대상인다소비생선류에서는 100건의시료중수은농도가높았던대구와갈치에서각각 mg/ kg, mg/kg로검출되어총수은대비 85.7%, 97.0% 를차지하는것으로조사되었으며, 7개시료에서정량한계미만으로확인되었다. 특히셀레늄과수은의몰비율비교시에도셀레늄이 10배이상많은것으로나타나다소비생 선류중중금속의노출량은아직안전한수준인것으로볼수있으나, 정확한노출량및안전성을평가하기위해서는전체식품군에서유해중금속노출에주로기여하는식품군도함께고려되어야하며, 세분화된어종별일일섭취량및지역별섭취빈도등다양하고지속적인모니터링이필요할것으로판단된다. 또한셀레늄의경우섭취량평가실시결과본연구대상어종으로부터의섭취량은권장량에미치지못하는것으로나타났으며, 전체식단에서생선류가차지하는비율을고려하는등올바른식단을통한음식물섭취도필요하다할수있다.

6 216 Yun-Sik Cho et al. 국문요약 본연구에서는경기도내유통되고있는다소비생선류 100건을대상으로납, 수은 ( 메틸수은포함 ), 카드뮴의오염도및셀레늄의함량을알아보았다. 금아말감법의수은분석기, ICP-MS, GC-ECD를사용하여측정하였으며각항목별평균함량은 Pb ( ) mg/kg, Cd ( ) mg/kg, Hg ( ) mg/kg 으로모두기준규격이하로나타났다. 셀레늄은수은과결합하여수은의독성을감소시키는것으로알려져있는데본연구에서조사된생선류에서는셀레늄의평균함량이 ( ) mg/kg이었다. 규격외항목인메틸수은은 100건중갈치와대구 2개시료에서각각 mg/ kg, mg/kg로나타났다. 이러한결과를바탕으로다소비생선류를통한납, 수은및카드뮴의총섭취량은 JECFA에서설정한 PTWI 및 PTMI의 0.97%, 3.42% 및 0.45% 로조사되었다. 따라서도내에서유통되는생선류의섭취는납, 수은, 카드뮴등의위해에서안전하다고판단된다. References 1. Mok JS, Shim KB, Cho MR, Lee TS, Kim JH. Contents of Heavy Metals in Fishes from the Korean Coasts. J. Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr., 38, (2009). 2. FAO. CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission). Guideline levels for methylmercury in fish. CAC/GL FAO Rome, Italy. (1991). 3. Food and Drug Administration. Fish, shellfish, crustaceans and other aquatic animals-fresh, frozen or processed-methyl mercury (CPG ). Available from: ora/com-pliance_ref/cpg/cpgfod/cpg html. Accessed Nov. 04, (2007). 4. Japanese Society of Food Sanitation. Standard method of analysis in food safety regulation (2003). 5. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881 Setting maximum levels for certain contaminant in foods-tuff. Official Journal of the European Communities. Available from: fsai.ie/uploadedf-iles/regulation_ec_(2006). 6. Ministry of FOOD and Drug Safety: Korean Food Code Index Korea, 29 (2015). 7. Yoo HY, Jung JJ, Choi EJ, Kang ST. Heavy Metal Contents of Vegetables from Korean Markets. KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL., 42, (2010). 8. Minisrty of Food and Drug Safety: Risk profile of methylmercury. Korea. pp. 15 (2010). 9. Ekno S, Susa M, Ninomiya T, Imamura K, Kitamura T. Minamata disease revisited: An update on the acute and chronic manifestations of methylmercury poisoning. J. Neurol. Sci., 262, (2007). 10. Mercury Poisoned. Com. Symptoms of mercury chronic poisoning. Available from:http: // symptoms.html. Accessed Mar. 01, (2008). 11. Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. The toxicology of mercury current exposures and clinical manifestations. New Engl. J. Med. 349, (2003). 12. Yumiko Y, Michiaiki Y, Haruka I. Selenium content in seafood in Japan. US National Library of Medicine National institutes of Health. 5, (2013). 13. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Korea. (2013). 14. Kwon HD, Kim BJ, Park SH, Lee JY, Park SH, Park MJ, Lee MO. The Annual of Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment 20, (2010). 15. MFDS. Food Code I. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Seoul, Korea. (2008). 16. Craig P, George E, Jenkins R. Organometallic compounds in the environment. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., (2003). 17. Mason RP, Reinfelder JR, Morel FM. Bioac-cumulation of mercury and methylmercury. Water Air Soil Poll., 80, (1995). 18. Jensen S, Jernelov A. Biological methylati-on of mercury in aquatic organisms. Nature., 223, (1969). 19. WHO. Dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food. pp In: Principles and Methods for the Risk Assessement of Chemicals in Food. World Health Organization, Geneva. Switzerland (2008). 20. JECFA. summary report of the 72 nd meeting of JECFA (JECFA/ 72/SC). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (2010). 21. The International Council for Harmonisation(ICH).: Validation of analytical procedures : text and methodology Q2(R1). pp (2005). 22. Ministry of Oceans & Fisheries.: Statistical Yearbook of Oceans & Fisheries. Korea, (2015). 23. Yoo HY, Jung JJ, Chol EJ, Kang ST. Heavy Metal Contents of Vegetables from Korean Markets. KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL., 42, (2010). 24. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. The Report of survey for mercury in fishes. Available from: Accessed Mar. 27, 2004 (2003). 25. Food and Drug Administration. Mercury levels in seafood species. Available from: html. Accessed Mar. 22, (2004). 26. Park JS, Jung SY, Son YJ, Choi SJ, Kim MS, Kim JG, Park SH, Lee SM, Chae YZ, Kim MY. Monitoring of Total Mercury, Methyl- mercury and Ethylmercury in Fish and Fishery Products Sold in Seoul (2011). 27. Maria P, Davide B, Agar M. Mercury and Selenium Content in Selected Seafood. Journal of Food Composition and Seafood., 14, (2001). 28. Kim HY, Kim JC, Kim SY, Lee JH, Jang YM, Lee MS, Park JS, Lee KH. Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Fisfes in Korea. KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL., 39, (2007).

개최요강

개최요강 55 2009. 5. ( ) ( ) < > 1. 1 2. 2. 2. 3 1) 3 2) 3 3) GC-MS 4. 5 1) 5 2) 5 3) ICP-OES 6 3. 7. 7 1) 7 2) 10. 13 1) 1g 13 2),,, 14 3), 15 4),, 15 4. 17 19 < > [ 1] 2 [ 2] ICP-OES 6 [ 3] 13 [ 4] 1g 13 [ 5]