대한진단검사의학회지제 29 권제 5 호 2009 Korean J Lab Med 2009;29:423-9 DOI /kjlm Original Article Clinical Chemistry ISO15197 에따른혈당측정기의분석적수행능평
|
|
|
- 서오 권
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한진단검사의학회지제 29 권제 5 호 29 Korean J Lab Med 29;29:423-9 DOI /kjlm Original Article Clinical Chemistry ISO15197 에따른혈당측정기의분석적수행능평가 안동희 정희정 이혜원 이우창 전사일 민원기 울산의대서울아산병원진단검사의학과 Analytical Performance Evaluation of Glucose Monitoring System Following ISO15197 Dongheui An, M.D., Hee-Jung Chung, M.D., Hye-Won Lee, Woochang Lee, M.D., Sail Chun, M.D., and Won-Ki Min, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Background : We have evaluated the analytical performance of SureStep Flexx (Johnson and Johnson, USA) which can report the plasma equivalent glucose test results and be connected to the hospital information networks, following ISO15197 analytic procedure for glucometer for the first time. Methods : Adopting the guidelines of ISO15197, we measured the precision of ten glucometers from their repeatability and intermediate precision, and determined the accuracies of the glucometer, comparing to those of GEM Premier 4 (Instrumentation Laboratory, USA). In addition, the guidelines of CLSI EP9-A2 and EP6-A were applied to correlate between data of glucometer and those of laboratory reference method by TBA-2FR (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan) and to examine its linearity of glucose concentrations measured by SureStep Flexx. We used the clinical specimens and commercial control materials. Results : Repeatabilities and intermediate precisions of those glucometers were %, and %, respectively. When glucose levels are under 75 mg/dl, the difference between results of those meters and the reference values were within ±6 mg/dl. However when glucose levels are over 75 mg/dl, those differences were within ±12.7%. These results were acceptable for the ISO15197 criteria in all glucose concentrations. The glucose concentrations showed the clinically relevant linearity in the range from 36 mg/dl to 491 mg/dl. Moreover, Error Grid Analysis showed that all glucose results were in zone A, which means that these values were clinically accurate. Conclusions : This study showed that SureStep Flexx can provide reliable results for patients and clinicians to manage the diabetes mellitus, satisfying the ISO15197 criteria. (Korean J Lab Med 29; 29:423-9) Key Words : SureStep Flexx, Networked glucometer, ISO15197, Evaluation, POCT 서 론 Received : May 8, 29 Manuscript No : KJLM9-6 Revision received : July 15, 29 Accepted : August 31, 29 Corresponding author : Sail Chun, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Pungnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel : , Fax : sailchun@amc.seoul.kr 혈당측정기를통한혈당관리는저혈당을예방하고당뇨병의악화와합병증발생을지연시키는데필수적이다 [1]. 현재혈당측정기의종류는매우다양하나, 모두표준화된방법으로수행능평가가시행된것이아니다. 대부분의혈당측정기의수행능평가는전문인력에의해행해지는단일장비에대한평가지침인 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 지 423
2 424 안동희 정희정 이혜원외 3 인 침에따라시행되었으나, 비전문가가사용하는혈당측정기의평가는검사실에서사용하는장비와다른표준화방법으로정확도및정밀도를평가할필요성이있다 [2]. 이에따라 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee ISO/TC 212에서는 23년에 1대이상의장비를사용하여 3단계혹은 5단계의혈당농도에서혈당측정기의정밀도와정확도를평가하는 당뇨병관리를위한자가시험용혈당측정기의요건 (In vitro diagnostic test systems-requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus [23e]: ISO15197) 을발표하였으나, 아직이규정을전적으로만족하는혈당측정기평가는없었다. 또한국내식품의약품안정청 (Korea Food & Drug Administration, KFDA) 에서도 ISO15197을기초로한 혈당측정기성능평가가이드라인 을 27년 11 월발표하여국내에서사용되는혈당측정기의수행능평가에필요한최소지침을규정하였다. SureStep Flexx (SureStep Flexx, Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) 는전혈의혈당값을혈장값으로환산하여결과값을보고하고, 병원전산망과연결하여실시간으로자료전송이가능한혈당측정기이다. 본연구에서는 Sure- Step Flexx의정밀도및정확도를 ISO15197와 혈당측정기성능평가가이드라인 에따라수행능평가를하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상장비및검체전혈을사용하여 SureStep Flexx의정확도, 정밀도, 직선성등의수행능을평가하였다. SureStep Flexx는 glucose oxidase 법으로전혈의혈당을측정하여전혈의혈당값에 1.12를곱해혈장값으로환산하여보고한다 [3]. 정밀도와직선성평가에는혈당측정기용정도관리물질 Meter Trax Control (Bio-Rad, Irvine, CA, USA) 을사용하였다. Meter Trax Control의 SureStep Flexx에대한 3가지농도의대조물질의농도값은각각저농도 : 89±12 mg/dl, 중간농도 : 21±2 mg/dl, 고농도 : 4 mg/dl 이상의범위였으며, 이들을혼합하여평가항목에따라제시된대로농도를제조하였다. 정확도평가에는환자검체를이용하였다. 29년 1월 5일부터 16일까지서울아산병원진단검사의학과에일반화학검사가의뢰된환자들의혈청과전혈을수집하였다. 각평가항목에따 라필요한농도군은 glucose oxidase-peroxidase법으로혈당을측정하는 TBA-2FR 자동화학분석기 (TBA-2FR, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) 의값을기초로선택되었다. 본연구는환자의다른검사결과를사용하지않는다는조건으로임상연구심의위원회의심의를통과하였다 ( 심의번호 ). 2. 평가방법실험은 ISO15197에따라기온 23±5 에서이루어졌고, 실험을마칠때까지실험시작시기온의 ±2 범위로유지되었다. 실험에사용된모든시약과시험지는단일로트제품이었고, 1회검사시검체량은피펫으로 7.5 μl 씩동량을사용하였다. 정도관리와시약보관은제조사의권고에따랐다. 1) 정밀도평가 ISO15197에따라정밀도는반복성 (repeatability) 과중간정밀도 (intermediate precision) 두가지로평가하였다. 반복성평가는 24시간이내에이루어졌고, 1개의혈당측정기로각농도별로 1번씩반복측정하였다. 검체의농도는 3-5 mg/dl, mg/dl, mg/dl, mg/dl, mg/dl 범위의 5가지 ( 농도 1-농도 5) 로제조하였다. 농도 1과농도 2는생리식염수와저농도정도관리물질을 1:1, :2 비율로, 농도 3과농도 4는저농도와중간농도물질을 1:1, :2 비율로, 5번물질은중간농도와고농도물질을 1:1로혼합하여제조하였다. 중간정밀도평가는 1개의혈당측정기로하루에각농도별로한회씩총 1일간반복측정하였다. 검체의농도는 3-5 mg/ dl, mg/dl, mg/dl 범위의 3가지 ( 농도 1- 농도 3) 로제조하였다. 농도 1-농도 3은각각생리식염수와저농도, 저농도와중간농도, 중간농도와고농도정도관리물질을 1:1 로혼합하여제조하였다. 각농도물질을 1개로분주하여냉장보관하였고매일 1개씩실온에서해동후사용하였다. 2) 정확도평가 ISO15197에따라일반화학검사가의뢰된환자의정맥혈검체 개를 1일에걸쳐측정하였다. Glucose dehydrogenase with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (GDH-NAD) 법으로전혈의혈당을측정하는 GEM Premier 4 (GEM Premier 4, Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA) 의측정치를기준으로하였다. GEM Premier 4은정
3 Evaluation of Glucose Monitoring System 425 밀도의경우검사내정밀도변이계수는 %, 검사일간정밀도변이계수는 % 의범위를나타내었고, 이외직선성, 간섭인자등의수행능에대해서도검사실에사용하기에충분한것으로검증된바있다 [4]. 채취후 3 분이내의전혈을선택하였고, 검체분포는각각 5 mg/dl 미만 5%, 5-8 mg/dl 15%, mg/dl 2%, mg/dl 3%, 21-3 mg/dl 15%, 31-4 mg/dl 1%, 4 mg/dl 초과 5% 였다. Sure- Step Flexx는전혈혈당값을혈장값으로보고하므로, 전혈값으로측정되는 GEM Premier 4 값도 1.12를곱하여혈장값으로환산하여정확도평가를하였다 [3]. GEM Premier 4에서 2회씩반복측정하였고, SureStep Flexx 두대의장비에서각각 1회씩측정하였다. 동일검체로두장비에서측정한평균값으로회귀식, 기준치 (GEM Premier 4측정치의평균 ) 와의차이, % 기준치와의차이를구하였다. 또한혈당측정기의값을검사실측정값과비교하여임상적정확도를평가하는 Error Grid 분석을실시하였고, Parked 등 [5] 의방법대로 A, B, C, D, E의 5개영역으로표시하였다. 3) 중앙검사실장비측정치와상관성분석 CLSI EP9-A2에준하여 5개의임상검체에서 TBA-2FR 측정치와비교하였다 [6]. TBA-2FR에의해측정된값을기준으로다양한농도의혈당치가고루분포하도록동일시점에채취한전혈과혈장을선택하였다. TBA-2FR에서는혈장으로, SureStep Flexx에서는전혈로 2회씩반복측정하여평균값을비교하였다. 혈당측정기의값을중앙검사실측정값과비교하여 Error Grid 분석과 Modified Bland-Altman plot을도시하였다. 4) 직선성평가 CLSI EP6-A에따라 7개농도물질을각각 1회반복측정하여직선성을평가하였다 [7]. 검체분포는 <5 mg/dl, 5-8 mg/dl, mg/dl, mg/dl, 21-3 mg/dl, 31-4 mg/dl, >4 mg/dl였다. 7개농도물질 ( 농도 1- 농도 7) 은세농도의 Meter Trax Control을혼합하여제조하였다. 농도 1, 2는생리식염수와저농도정도관리물질을 2:2, 1:3으로, 농도 3-5는저농도와중간농도정도관리물질을 5:2, 2:5, :7 로, 농도 6, 7은중간농도와고농도정도관리물질을 1:1, 1:4로혼합하여제조하였다. 4. 통계분석통계분석에는 EP Evaluator Release 8 (David G. Rhoads Assoc., Kennett square, PA, USA) 과 SPSS version 13. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 소프트웨어를이용하였다. EP Evaluator Release 8을이용한 Error Grid 분석으로 Clarke diagram과 Consensus diagram을얻었다. 결과 1. 정밀도반복성과중간정밀도평가결과각농도에서의평균, 표준편차, 변이계수를 Table 1에나타내었다. 반복성변이계수는농도 1부터농도 5에대하여각각 7.3%, 7.1%, 4.5%, 5.6%, 4.% 이었다. 1일에걸친중간정밀도변이계수는농도 1부터농도 3에대하여각각 6.2%, 4.3%, 4.5% 이었다 (Table 1). 이는모두 CLIA Table 1. Precision of the SureStep Flexx Repeatability Intermediate precision Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Mean (mg/dl) SD (mg/dl) CV (%) Table 2. Accuracy of the SureStep Flexx by ISO Standard Criteria Glucose concentration of reference method <75 mg/dl 75 mg/dl Interval Within±5 mg/dl Within±1 mg/dl Within±15 mg/dl Within±5% Within±1% Within±15% Within±2% N (%) 15/16 (93.8) 16/16 (.) 16/16 (.) 49/84 (58.3) 77/84 (91.7) 84/84 (.) 84/84 (.) Abbreviation: ISO, International Organization for Standardization.
![426 안동희 정희정 이혜원외 3 인 88의기준인 1% 를충족하였다 [8]. 2. 정확도혈당농도 75 mg/dl 이상인검체에서는 58.3% (49/84) 가 ±5% 범위내에, 91.7% (77/84) 가 ±1% 범위내에,.% (84/84) 가 ±12.7% 범위내에분포하여 ISO15197 기준인 2% 를만족하였다.](/docs-images/98/135356668/images/4-0.jpg "혈당농도가 75 mg/dl 미만인검체에서는 93.8% (15/16) 가참고치와의 ±5 mg/dl 범위내에, % (16/16) 모두 ±6 mg/dl 범위내에분포하여 ISO15197 기준인 ±15 mg/dl 를만족하였다 (Table 2).")
4 426 안동희 정희정 이혜원외 3 인 88의기준인 1% 를충족하였다 [8]. 2. 정확도혈당농도 75 mg/dl 이상인검체에서는 58.3% (49/84) 가 ±5% 범위내에, 91.7% (77/84) 가 ±1% 범위내에,.% (84/84) 가 ±12.7% 범위내에분포하여 ISO15197 기준인 2% 를만족하였다. 혈당농도가 75 mg/dl 미만인검체에서는 93.8% (15/16) 가참고치와의 ±5 mg/dl 범위내에, % (16/16) 모두 ±6 mg/dl 범위내에분포하여 ISO15197 기준인 ±15 mg/dl 를만족하였다 (Table 2). GEM Premier 4과 SureStep Flexx에서측정한평균값의회귀식, Error Grid 분석, Modified Bland-Altman plot은 Fig. 1과같다. GEM Premier 4 측정값을기준으로상관 SureStep flexx (mg/dl) A % B % C % D % E % Consensus grid y=.9268x r= Gem premier 4 (mg/dl) A SureStep flexx-gem premier 4 (mg/dl) Gem premier 4 (mg/dl) B Fig. 1. Accuracy of the SureStep Flexx compared with GEM Premier 4 (A) Error Grid Analysis showed that all glucose measurements by SureStep Flexx were included in zone A. Dotted line represents regression analysis. Zone A represents no effect on clinical action; zone B represents altered clinical action-little or no effect on clinical outcome; zone C represents altered clinical action-likely to affect clinical outcome; zone D represents altered clinical action-could have significant medical risk; and zone E represents altered clinical action-could have dangerous consequences [5]. (B) Modified Bland-Altman plots with superimposed ISO15197 tolerance band. SureStep flexx (mg/dl) A % B % C % D % E % Consensus grid TBA-2FR (mg/dl) y=1.21x r=.9965 A SureStep flexx-tba-2fr (mg/dl) TBA-2FR (mg/dl) B Fig. 2. Correlation of glucose concentrations measured by SureStep Flexx versus TBA-2FR (A) Error Grid Analysis of the SureStep Flexx glucose measurements compared with TBA-2FR. All glucose results by the SureStep Flexx were included in zone A (See Fig. 1.). Dotted line represents regression analysis. (B) Modified Bland-Altman plots with superimposed ISO15197 tolerance band.
5 Evaluation of Glucose Monitoring System 427 계수 (r) 는.975 이상의우수한상관관계를보였다 (Fig. 1, y=.9268x , r=.9969, P<.1). SureStep Flexx 측정치는 GEM Premier 4 측정치보다평균 7.5 mg/dl (95% 신뢰구간 : mg/dl), 3.43% ( mg/dl) 낮게측정되었다. Error Grid 분석결과모든결과는임상적으로정확하다고판단할수있는 A 영역에속하였다 [5]. 3. 중앙검사실장비측정치와상관성분석 Error Grid 분석을통한 SureStep Flexx 측정치와 TBA- 2FR 측정치비교는 Fig. 2와같다. 분석결과모든측정치는 A영역에속하였고, 두값의차이는 ±11.3% 이내였다. Sure- Step Flexx 측정치는 TBA-2FR 측정치보다평균 1.7 mg/dl (95% 신뢰구간 : mg/dl), 1.6% (.1-3.1%) 낮게측정되었다 (Fig. 2). 4. 직선성 mg/dl 농도범위에서 lack of fit 검사를통과하여직선성을보였고, 상관계수는.9993 (P<.1) 이었다 (Fig. 3). 고 미국 FDA는혈당측정기의수행능평가를할때정밀도와정확도평가는 ISO15197에따라수행하고, 직선성등은 CLSI 지 SureStep flexx glucose value (mg/dl) Fig. 3. Analytical measuring range of the SureStep Flexx was mg/dl. The straight line was determined by a linear regression of the measured glucose concentrations with those of the expected glucose concentrations. 찰 y=1.46x+3.23 r=.9993 (P<.1) Expected glucose value (mg/dl) 침을따를것을권고하였다 [9]. 그러나 ISO의혈당측정기평가지침은까다로워평가기준을차용한문헌들은있었지만, ISO 방법을엄격하게따라혈당측정기의수행능평가를한보고는없었다 [1-12]. 정밀도나정확도평가시사용하는 CLSI 지침은단일장비에대한평가방법이다 [6, 7, 13]. 이에반하여, ISO15197은혈당측정기만을위하여고안된지침이며, 평가항목별농도범위와장비의숫자도구체적으로제시하고있다. 이번연구에서의정밀도평가에서는단일장비의 CV는 % 로기존에보고된 SureStep Flexx를포함한다른혈당측정기의정밀도보고들과차이가없었다 [14-17]. 그러나 ISO 지침에따라 1대를평가한반복성변이계수와중간정밀도변이계수는각각 %, % 로 CLIA 88의혈당측정기에대한정밀도기준인 1% 이내에모두포함되었다 [8]. 저자들의 CV는기존보고보다높게나타났는데, 이는 1대의장비간의오차가누적되어나타나는것으로추론된다. ISO15197은반복성측정시혈당의불안정성을최소화하기위하여시간을하루이내로규정하였다고한다. 그러나, 실제수행결과는시간적으로뒤에평가된혈당치가더높았고, 변이계수도증가하는경향을보였다. 이는실험진행에따른시약의증발등의영향으로생각된다. ISO15197에서정한정확도의기준은혈당측정기에관한지침인 CLSI C3-A2에제시된중앙검사실장비와의비교기준과같다 [18]. 기존의보고들에서는정확도평가를위하여혈당측정을위한참고장비로혈액가스분석장비 Yellow Springs Instrument (Yellow Springs, OH, USA) 측정치와주로비교하였으며, 이에따라이번연구에서도혈액가스분석장비인 GEM Premier 4 측정치와비교하였다. 또한, CLSI EP9-A2지침에따라중앙검사실장비와의상관성분석을위하여 TBA- 2FR 측정치와비교하였다. GEM premier 4을중앙검사실장비와의상관성을비교한결과 (n=56) 상관계수 (r) 는.975 이상의우수한상관성을보였다 (y=1.753x , r=.994). 정확도평가결과 SureStep Flexx는다른연구들과비교해볼때, ISO15197 기준을충분히만족하였다 [1, 11, 19, 2]. Hoedemaekers 등 [2] 은 3대의혈당측정기를참고법과비교했을때모든검체의 % 가 ISO15197에서제시한정확도기준에서벗어났다고보고하였으나, 본연구에서는모든검체가 ISO15197의정확도기준을만족시켰다. 저자들은검체량을 7.5 μl 로최소검체요구량인 5 μl 보다는충분한양을사용했지만, 검체량에따라참고법과오차가달라진다는문헌도있어서검체량에따른오차도배제할수없을것
6 428 안동희 정희정 이혜원외 3 인 으로생각된다 [21]. 이번연구에서 SureStep Flexx는 mg/dl 농도범위에서직선성을보여임상적으로환자의관리및치료를위한혈당범위를충분히포함하였다 [15]. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry에서는혈당치를혈장값으로보고할것을권장하고있는데, SureStep Flexx는기계내에서전혈혈당값에 1.12를곱하여자동으로혈장값으로환산하여보고하는기능이있다 [3]. 또한, SureStep Flexx는현장검사장비이면서병원전산망및검사정보시스템과연결하여실시간으로전자의무기록에자료를전송할수있을뿐아니라, 임상의로하여금즉각적인조치를취할수있게하고, 수기입력과정과관련된사무적오류를감소시킬수있어효율적인자료관리를가능하게한다. 또한, 현장검사장비의정도관리결과를중앙검사실에서관리할수있어현장검사장비의신뢰성향상에도움이될것으로생각된다 [22, 23]. 이번연구에서는최초로 ISO15197 지침에따라 SureStep Flexx의정밀도와정확도를평가하였다. SureStep Flexx는 ISO15197의정확도기준을충족하였고, 정밀도, 직선성에서우수한수행능을보였으며, 중앙검사실장비와만족스러운상관성을보였다. 또한, 결과값을혈장값으로환산하여보고하므로중앙검사실의결과와연속적으로비교가가능하다는장점이있다. 궁극적으로 SureStep Flexx는현장검사장비로사용함으로써효과적인당뇨병관리와치료계획및결정에도움을줄것으로기대된다. 요약배경 : 저자들은결과값을혈장값으로환산하여보고하고병원전산망과연결가능한 SureStep Flexx (Johnson and Johnson, USA) 의분석적수행능을혈당측정기평가지침인 ISO 에따라최초로평가하였다. 방법 : ISO15197에따라정밀도와정확도를평가하였다. 정밀도는 1대장비로반복성과중간정밀도를평가하였고, 정확도는 GEM Premier 4 (Instrumentation Laboratory, USA) 을혈당측정참고법으로사용하였다. 또한, CLSI 지침에따라중앙장비측정치와상관성및직선성평가를하였다. 중앙장비측정치와상관성평가를위하여혈당측정참고법으로 TBA- 2FR 자동화학분석기 (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan) 를사용하였다. 이를위하여환자검체와시판되는대조물질을사용하였다. 결과 : SureStep Flex의반복성변이계수는 % 였고, 중간정밀도변이계수는 % 였다. 정확도는 75 mg/dl 미만인검체와 75 mg/dl 이상인검체는모두참고법에의한혈당값차이가각각 ±6 mg/dl, ±12.7% 범위내에분포하여 ISO 기준을만족하였다. 농도범위 mg/dl에서직선성을보였다. 또한, Error Grid 방법으로분석한결과, GEM Premier 4 및 TBA-2FR 값과비교한모든측정치는임상적으로정확한범위인 A영역에포함되었다. 결론 : SureStep Flexx는 ISO1597 기준을충족하는신뢰성있는검사값을제공함으로써, 효과적인당뇨병관리에도움을줄수있을것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Welschen LM, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 25;28: The International Organization for Standardization. In vitro diagnostic test systems-requirements for blood glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. ISO/TC 212/SC. International Standard ISO Geneva, Switzerland: ISO, Burnett RW, D Orazio P, Fogh-Andersen N, Kuwa K, Kulpmann WR, Larsson L, et al. IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose. Clin Chim Acta 21;37: Beneteau-Burnat B, Pernet P, Pilon A, Latour D, Goujon S, Feuillu A, et al. Evaluation of the GEM Premier 4: a compact blood gas CO-Oximeter and electrolyte analyzer for point-of-care and laboratory testing. Clin Chem Lab Med 28;46: Parkes JL, Slatin SL, Pardo S, Ginsberg BH. A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 2;23: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples; Approved guideline-2nd ed. Document EP9-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of the linearity of quantitative measurement procedures; A statistical approach; Approved guideline. Document EP6-A. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Medicare, Medicaid and CLIA programs; regulations implementing the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA)-
7 Evaluation of Glucose Monitoring System 429 HCFA. Final rule with comment period. Fed Regist 1992;57: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Draft guidance for industry and FDA staff - Total product life cycle for portable invasive blood glucose monitoring systems. downloads/medicaldevices/deviceregulationandguidance/gui dancedocuments/ucm71439.pdf(updated on Oct 26). 1. Kost GJ, Tran NK, Abad VJ, Louie RF. Evaluation of point-of-care glucose testing accuracy using locally-smoothed median absolute difference curves. Clin Chim Acta 28;389: Kilo C Sr, Dickey WT Jr, Joynes JO, Pinson MB, Baum JM, Parkes JL, et al. Evaluation of a new blood glucose monitoring system with auto-calibration for home and hospital bedside use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 26;74: Kristensen GB, Monsen G, Skeie S, Sandberg S. Standardized evaluation of nine instruments for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Technol Ther 28;1: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Evaluation of precision performance of quantitative measurement methods; Approved guideline-2nd ed. Document EP5-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Lee SY, Lee NY, Kim JW. Evaluation of 6 glucose testing systems. Korean J Lab Med 23;23:17-9. ( 이수연, 이남용, 김종원. 혈당측정기 6종의평가. 대한진단검사의학회지 23;23:17-9.) 15. Yoo EH, Cho HJ, Ki CS, Lee SY. Evaluation of COSMOsensor glucose monitoring system. Korean J Lab Med 26;26:1-8. ( 유은형, 조현정, 기창석, 이수연. 자가혈당측정기 COSMOsensor의평가. 대한진단검사의학회지 26;26:1-8.) 16. Kwon MJ and Lee SY. Evaluation of GLUCOCARD X-METER glucose monitoring system. Korean J Lab Med 28;28:8-15. ( 권민정및 이수연. 혈당측정기 GLUCOCARD X-METER 평가. 대한진단검사의학회지 28;28:8-15.) 17. Singh Dhatt G, Agarwal M, Bishawi B. Evaluation of a glucose meter against analytical quality specifications for hospital use. Clin Chim Acta 24;343: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Point-of-care blood glucose testing in acute and chronic care facilities; Approved guideline- 2nd ed. Document C3-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Ghys T, Goedhuys W, Spinc le K, Gorus F, Gerlo E. Plasmaequivalent glucose at the point-of-care: evaluation of Roche Accu- Chek Inform and Abbott Precision PCx glucose meters. Clin Chim Acta 27;386: Hoedemaekers CW, Klein Gunnewiek JM, Prinsen MA, Willems JL, Van der Hoeven JG. Accuracy of bedside glucose measurement from three glucometers in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 28;36: Kavsak PA, Zielinski N, Li D, McNamara PJ, Adeli K. Challenges of implementing point-of-care testing (POCT) glucose meters in a pediatric acute care setting. Clin Biochem 24;37: Park AJ, Kim HR, Lee MK. Networking experience of point-of-care test glucometer. Korean J Lab Med 26;26: ( 박애자, 김혜련, 이미경. 혈당현장검사의전산망연결경험. 대한진단검사의학회지 26; 26:294-8.) 23. Cha CH, Lee W, Lee YW, Kim YC, Kim YH, Chun S, et al. Installation of data management system for point-of-care blood gas analyzers using local area network. Korean J Lab Med 25;25: ( 차충환, 이우창, 이용화, 김영철, 김윤희, 전사일등. 근거리통신망을이용한혈액가스현장검사정보관리시스템구축. 대한진단검사의학회지 25; 25:471-6.)
1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
라인을따라 Barozen H의정밀도 (precision) 와정확도 (accuracy) 를포함한제반성능을평가하고, 정확도및적혈구용적률 (hematocrit) 에의한간섭영향을다른 3종의혈당측정기와비교하였다. 재료및방법 1. 대상장비및검체 혈당측정기 Barozen H의정밀도
원저 Lab Med Online Vol., No. 2: 69-76, April 21 http://dx.doi.org/1.3343/lmo.21..2.69 임상화학 의료기관용네트워크혈당측정기 BAROZEN H 의성능평가 Performance Evaluation of BAROZEN H, a Networking Blood Glucose Monitoring System
능하여내부정도관리데이터가자동으로중앙전산실에연결되어정도관리결과를체계적으로관리하며측정한스트립을손으로직접제거하지않고스트립이젝터를이용하여제거함으로써스트립에묻은환자혈액으로인한검사자의감염을방지할수있다. 국외의경우병원용혈당측정기의연구개발이 Roche ACCU- CHEK Inform
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 4, No. 1: -21, January 214 http://dx.doi.org/1.3343/lmo.214.4.1. 임상화학 Wisecheck 혈당측정기평가 Evaluation of the Wisecheck Glucose Monitoring System 권선희 김하늬 고선영 조치현 김장수 임채승 Seonhee Kwon,
ISO17025.PDF
ISO/IEC 17025 1999-12-15 1 2 3 4 41 42 43 44, 45 / 46 47 48 49 / 410 411 412 413 414 5 51 52 53 54 / 55 56 57 58 / 59 / 510 A( ) ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 9001:1994 ISO 9002:1994 B( ) 1 11 /, / 12 / 1, 2, 3/ (
012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
<303620B1E8C1BEBFF82E687770>
임상검사와정도관리 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2010 ; 32:229-36 ISSN 1225-097X Evaluation of CareSens N Glucometer Glucose Monitoring System Hee-Jae Huh, Hyung-Doo Park, Soo-Youn Lee, and Jong-Won Kim Department of Laboratory
Lumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
02-원저 hwp
Original Article Korean J Health Promot 2016;16(4):223-230 pissn: 2234-2141 eissn: 2093-5676 http://dx.doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2016.16.4.223 ISO 15197 지침에따른혈당측정시스템 G400 의분석적성능평가 정도헌, 최병근, 유병욱, 조주연, 홍성호,
<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
혈당현장검사의전산망연결경험 295 험지봉에혈액접종후제거를적절하게하지못하였을때, 혈당측정기의이상, 유효기간이지난시험지봉과정도관리를충실히이행하지않았을때에발생할수있다고하였다 [2]. 현장검사로서혈당검사의정확성을높이기위해서는측정자에따른오류의빈도를감소시키고, 수기입력과정과관련된
![혈당현장검사의전산망연결경험 295 험지봉에혈액접종후제거를적절하게하지못하였을때, 혈당측정기의이상, 유효기간이지난시험지봉과정도관리를충실히이행하지않았을때에발생할수있다고하였다 [2]. 현장검사로서혈당검사의정확성을높이기위해서는측정자에따른오류의빈도를감소시키고, 수기입력과정과관련된](/thumbs/86/93383745.jpg "혈당현장검사의전산망연결경험 295 험지봉에혈액접종후제거를적절하게하지못하였을때, 혈당측정기의이상, 유효기간이지난시험지봉과정도관리를충실히이행하지않았을때에발생할수있다고하였다 [2]. 현장검사로서혈당검사의정확성을높이기위해서는측정자에따른오류의빈도를감소시키고, 수기입력과정과관련된")
대한진단검사의학회지제 26 권제 4 호 2006 Korean J Lab Med 2006;26:294-8 원저 검사정보학 혈당현장검사의전산망연결경험 박애자 김혜련 이미경 중앙대학교의과대학진단검사의학과교실 Networking Experience of Point-of-Care Test Glucometer Ae Ja Park, M.D., Hye Ryoun Kim,
386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>
산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,
139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
untitled
ORIGINAL ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/1.15263/jlmqa.215.37.2.11 Evaluation of Analytical Performance of the Cobas 8 Analyzer Series Module e62 Kiwoong Ko, Min-Jung Kwon, Hee-Yeon Woo, and Hyosoon Park Department
14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
Na +, K +, Cl, tco 2, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose, ica에대하여 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 의기준에따라정밀도, 직선성, 상관성등의성능평가를시행하였다. 재료및방법 후, 원
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 5, No. 2: 57-62, April 2015 임상화학 현장검사화학분석기기인 Abbott i-stat CHEM8+ 의성능평가 Evaluation of i-stat CHEM8+ Point-of-Care Chemistry Analyzer 김도균 신화춘 김병광 정순호 임종백 Do-kyun Kim, M.D., Hwachoon
<31332EBCDBC1A4C7D128BCDBBBF3C8C6292E687770>
임상검사와정도관리 : 제 29 권제 1 호 27 J Lab Med Qual Assur 27 ; 29:187-94 187 Gluchec Fine 자가혈당측정기의평가 송상훈 1 박형두 1 이현정 2 전선희 2 박경운 1,2 김진규 1 송정한 1,2 서울대학교의과대학검사의학교실 1, 분당서울대학교병원진단검사의학과 2 Evaluation of Gluchec Fine
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 4, No. 3: , July 임상화학 Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000 c702 자동화학분석기의성능평가 Perform
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 4, No. 3: 132-139, July 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/lmo.2014.4.3.132 임상화학 Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000 c702 자동화학분석기의성능평가 Performance Evaluation of the Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000 c702
대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 23 권제 3 호 2003 Korean J Lab Med 2003; 23: 임상화학 혈당측정기 6 종의평가 이수연 이남용 김종원 성균관의대삼성서울병원진단검사의학교실 Evaluation of 6 Glucose Testing Syste
대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 23 권제 3 호 3 Korean J Lab Med 3; 23: 17-9 임상화학 혈당측정기 6 종의평가 이수연 이남용 김종원 성균관의대삼성서울병원진단검사의학교실 Evaluation of 6 Glucose Testing Systems Soo-Youn Lee, M.D., Nam-Yong Lee, and Jong-Won Kim, M.D.
Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 8, No. 3: 77-86, July 임상화학 개인용혈당측정시스템표준시험방법가이드라인에따른 GlucoDr.S 성능평가 Evaluation of t
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 8, No. 3: 77-86, July 218 임상화학 개인용혈당측정시스템표준시험방법가이드라인에따른 GlucoDr.S 성능평가 Evaluation of the Self-Testing Blood Glucose Monitoring System GlucoDr.S According to ISO 15197:213 Guidelines
03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric
975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
12.indd
Original Articles & Case Reports 전북대학교의학전문대학원내분비대사내과이경애, 전소연, 김웅지, 진흥용, 박지현, 백홍선, 박태선 The Education Effect of Glucometer Use on the Glucose Levels and the Glucose Value Comparison among Diverse Glucometers
서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소
2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in
???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
2061
대한진단검사의학회지제 28 권제 1 호 8 Korean J Lab Med 8;28:8-15 DOI.3343/kjlm.8.28.1.8 원저 임상화학 혈당측정기 평가 권민정 이수연 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원진단검사의학교실 Evaluation of Glucose Monitoring System Min-Jung Kwon, M.D. and Soo-Youn Lee,
인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
본연구의목적은 Samsung LABGEO PT Hepatic Test 9를대상으로 9가지검사항목의정밀도 (precision), 직선성 (linearity), 상관성 (method comparison) 등의수행능평가와또한전혈, 혈장, 혈청검체를서로비교함으로서검체종류에따른
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 3: 138-144, July 213 http://dx.doi.org/1.3343/lmo.213.3.3.138 임상화학 LABGEO PT Hepatic Test 9 의수행능평가 Evaluation of the Performance of LABGEO PT Hepatic Test 9 정태동 강현정 김민숙 김소영
untitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT
27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :
27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,
Æ÷Àå82š
Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose
00내지1번2번
www.keit.re.kr 2011. 11 Technology Level Evaluation ABSTRACT The Technology Level Evaluation assesses the current level of industrial technological development in Korea and identifies areas that are underdeveloped
09구자용(489~500)
The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal
44-4대지.07이영희532~
A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who
03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
2
02 1 1 22 36 38 46 5 1 54 61 65 77 81 2 _ 3 4 _ 5 6 _7 8 _ 9 1 0 _ 11 1 2 _ 13 1 4 _ 15 1 6 _ 17 1 8 _ 19 2 0 _ 21 2 2 www.kats.go.kr www.kats.go.kr _ 23 Scope of TC/223 Societal security International
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
대한임상병리학회지 : 제 22 권제 1 호 2002 Korean J Clin Pathol 2002; 22: 9-14 임상화학 Hitachi 747 을이용한 Diasys 시약의간섭시험을포함한검사능평가 이민걸 이경률 김정호 권오헌 연세대학교의과대학임상병리과학교실 Evalu
대한임상병리학회지 : 제 22 권제 1 호 2 Korean J Clin Pathol 2; 22: 9-14 임상화학 Hitachi 747 을이용한 시약의간섭시험을포함한검사능평가 이민걸 이경률 김정호 권오헌 연세대학교의과대학임상병리과학교실 Evaluation of Performance Including Interference Tests of Reagents on
자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
346 Korean J Lab Med 21;3:345-5 혈색소와당화되지않은혈색소를측정하는것이다 [5-11]. IFCC 법으로측정한 HbA1c값은여러기관에서검증된만능방정식인 NGSP-HbA1c(%)=.915 [IFCC-HbA1c]+2.15을이용하여 NGSP 값으로변환할
![346 Korean J Lab Med 21;3:345-5 혈색소와당화되지않은혈색소를측정하는것이다 [5-11]. IFCC 법으로측정한 HbA1c값은여러기관에서검증된만능방정식인 NGSP-HbA1c(%)=.915 [IFCC-HbA1c]+2.15을이용하여 NGSP 값으로변환할](/thumbs/65/53357948.jpg "346 Korean J Lab Med 21;3:345-5 혈색소와당화되지않은혈색소를측정하는것이다 [5-11]. IFCC 법으로측정한 HbA1c값은여러기관에서검증된만능방정식인 NGSP-HbA1c(%)=.915 [IFCC-HbA1c]+2.15을이용하여 NGSP 값으로변환할")
Korean J Lab Med 21;3:345-5 DOI 1.3343/kjlm.21.3.4.345 Original Article Clinical Chemistry Comparison of HbA1c Analyzers: D-1, Variant II Turbo, Cobas Integra 8, and Afinion AS1 Jin Young Lee, M.D. 1,
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of Analytical Performance of the D-100 He mo globin Testing System for Hemog
ORIGINAL ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2016.38.2.95 Evaluation of Analytical Performance of the D-100 He mo globin Testing System for Hemoglobin A1c Assay Kyunghoon Lee 1,2, Sung Min Kim 3,
l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related
A 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
< D30312DC8ABBDC2BAB92DC0FAC0DABCF6C1A4BABB2DC3D6C1BE2E687770>
대한임상검사학회지 : 41권제1호, 37-41, 2009 ISSN 1738-3544 당화혈색소측정을위한 Norudia R HbA1c 키트의평가 주성대학임상병리과 1, 충북대학병원병리과 2 홍승복 1 김은중 2 Evaluation of Norudia R HbA1c Kit for Glycohemoglobin Assay Seung-Bok Hong 1 and Eun-Joong
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
Jkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;
,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).
Crt114( ).hwp
cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1
<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>
주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율
ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr
May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the
Can032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a
조사연구 권 호 연구논문 한국노동패널조사자료의분석을위한패널가중치산출및사용방안사례연구 A Case Study on Construction and Use of Longitudinal Weights for Korea Labor Income Panel Survey 2)3) a) b) 조사연구 주제어 패널조사 횡단면가중치 종단면가중치 선형혼합모형 일반화선형혼 합모형
04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
,, (, 2010). (, 2007).,,, DMB, ,, (, 2010)., LG., (, 2010) (, ,, ) 3, 10, (, 2009).,,. (, 2010)., (, 2010). 11
20 6( 64) pp.6181 2011.12 A Study on the Effect of Easiness to Use the Food Service Related Application of Smart Phone on Intentions of Use : Focused on the Mediation Effect of Familarity and Usefulness
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences
Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 2, No. 1: 10-14, January 임상화학 자동화학분석기에서의라텍스면역비탁법의 Autolab HbA 1c 평가 Evaluation of
원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 2, No. 1: 10-14, January 2012 임상화학 자동화학분석기에서의라텍스면역비탁법의 Autolab HbA 1c 평가 Evaluation of HbA1c Levels Via the Latex Immunoturbidimetric Method by Using Chemistry Autoanalyzer 조용준 이소영
03 장태헌.hwp
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2013 Aug.; 24(8), 772 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.8.772 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) HEMP
<3034C0D3BBF3C3E1B0E8C7D0BCFABCBCB9CCB3AA2E687770>
2004년 대한임상건강증진학회 춘계학술대회 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention [세미나 Ⅱ] 병 의원에서 건강 증진의 활성화 선우 성 울산의대 서울아산병원 가정의학과 우리 개원가의 현실은 구조적으로 일차진료의의 중요한 기 능 중의 하나인 건강증진 상담을 제대로 할 수 없도록 짜여 져 있다.
상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /
,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
KOLAS-G KS Q ISO/IEC17025 /., KS Q , ( ). KS Q ISO/IEC VIM VIML ILAC-P10 ILAC KS P ISO KS P ISO KS Q IS
KOLAS-G-020 1.. KS Q ISO/IEC17025 /., KS Q 9000 3.,.. 2.. ( ). KS Q ISO/IEC 17000 - VIM VIML ILAC-P10 ILAC KS P ISO 15189 - KS P ISO 17511 - - KS Q ISO/IEC 17025 1.. KS Q ISO/IEC17025, KS P ISO 15189,
03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :
27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,
박선영무선충전-내지
2013 Wireless Charge and NFC Technology Trend and Market Analysis 05 13 19 29 35 45 55 63 67 06 07 08 09 10 11 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 38 39 40
디지털포렌식학회 논문양식
ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo
유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012
11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.
달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
001-학회지소개(영)
Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational
歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF
13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 20 36 June 2004 ISSN 1225 505X * 1 1886 ( ) 1) 1905 * 1) 20 2) 1910 1926 1910 1926 1930 40 2 1899 1907 3) 4) 1908 1909 ( ) ( ) ( 2) 1995 1998 3) 1997 p 376 4) 1956
-06-......,......
Analysis of the Current Condition of Student Childcare Training in Korea: Student Childcare Training Centers, Guidance Teachers, Student Teachers and Student Childcare Training Fees Department of Childcare
γ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical