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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 10 pp , 김명철 1, 한슬기 2*, 오현주 3 1 을지대학교물리치료학과, 2 을지대학교일반대학원보건학과 ( 물리치료전공 ), 3 신화의료기 A Comparison of the Effects of the Muscle Activity and Balance Ability by a Kind of Ground During Blance Exercise Mung-Chul Kim 1, Seul-Ki Han 2* and Hyun-Ju Oh 3 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Eulji University 2 Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Eulji University 3 Shinhaw Medical 요약본연구는균형운동시모래지면, 균형매트, 단단한지면의차이에따른균형능력및앞정강근, 가자미근, 넙다리두갈래근근활성도의변화를알아보고자실시하였다. 건강한성인남녀 90명을무작위로모래지면군, 균형매트군, 단단한지면군으로구분하여세그룹모두동일한운동프로그램을서로다른지면에서 6주간실시하였으며, 운동전 후에 Air-balance system 3D를통해 8방향별체중이동각도값과표면근전도를통해근활성도를측정하였다. 그결과두그룹 ( 모래지면군, 균형매트군 ) 모두단단한지면군에비해균형능력과앞정강근과가자미근의근활성도가더향상되었음을알수있었다. 이를통해모래지면의불안정지지면으로써가능성을확인할수있었다. Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the balance and muscle activity after having performed balance exercise at different ground conditions. The subjects were divided into 3 groups; Sand Group(SG)(N=30) and Balance Form group(bfg)(n=30), Hard Ground Group(HGG)(N=30). The period of intervention was for six weeks. EMG for Tibialis anterior(ta), Soleus(So), Biceps femoris(bf) muscle activity, Air-balance system 3D were used as evaluation tools for this study. the change of balance ability and TA, So muscle activity was greater in the SG, BFG than HGG which may imply that sand can be used for the balance exercise like any other ground. Key Words : Balance Exercise, Sand, Muscle Activity, Balance Ability, Ground 1. 서론 균형 (balance) 이란자신의기저면 (base of support) 에신체중심 (centre of gravity) 을유지하고인체의신체정렬및자세정렬을지속적으로유지할수있는능력이다 [1]. 이러한균형은모든기능적인행동을위해없어서는안되며앉기, 일어서기. 걷기행동의필수적인요소이다 [2]. 균형을유지하기위해사용되는감각으로는전정감각 (vestibular), 시각 (visual), 청각 (auditory) 그리고고유수용 성감각 (proprioception) 이있다 [3]. 고유수용성감각은건강한성인에게있어서균형에관한정보를제공하는데가장기본이되는감각으로 [4], 지지면과다리의중요관절에서오는몸통감각 (somatosensory) 정보에의존하고있다 [5]. 불안정한지지면에서수행하는운동은신경근동원패턴을잠재적으로바꿀수있는하나의방법으로 [6], 안정한지지면에서의운동보다자세조절과동적균형을촉진시킨다 [7]. 기존에불안정한지지면에대해슬링, 발란스보드, 평균대, 스위스볼, 흔들림경사판을이용하 * Corresponding Author : Seul-Ki Han Tel: skwisd@nate.com 접수일 12 년 07 월 13 일수정일 12 년 07 월 31 일게재확정일 12 년 10 월 11 일 4598

2 는방법이연구되고있으나 [8] 일상생활에서흔히접할수있는모래지면에관한연구는미흡하다. 모래는다양한감각적경험을제공하고매우유동적이고가변적이기때문에정해진형태를갖고있지않아서인체의몸통감각에다양한자극을제공하므로 [9] 불안정한지지면으로써의특성을가지고있다. 이에본연구는균형운동시모래지면, 균형매트, 단단한지면의차이에따른균형능력및앞정강근, 가자미근, 넙다리두갈래근근활성도의변화를알아보고자실시하였다. 2.1 연구대상 2. 연구방법 본연구의연구대상자는경기도 U대학교에재학중인 20대초반의남녀 90명을대상으로성별의비율 ( 남 10명, 여 20명 ) 을일정하게하여무작위로각각모래지면군 (SG, Sand Group) 30명, 균형매트군 (BFG, Balance Form group) 30명, 단단한지면군 (HGG, Hard Ground Group) 30명으로구분하였다. 연구대상자의일반적인특성은표 1과같으며, 그룹간유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05). [ 표 1] 연구대상자의일반적인특성 [Table 1] General characteristics of subjects(n=90). SG(n=30) 2) BFG(n=30) HGG(n=30) Age(yrs) 22.23±1.74 1) 22.53± ±1.59 Height(cm) ± ± ±9.22 Weight(kg) 57.93± ± ±8.37 1) Mean±SD 2) SG : Sand Group, BFG : Balance Form Group HGC : Hard Ground Group 2.2 운동방법및도구 운동도구모래지면군은마른모래판 ( 깊이 30cm), 균형매트군은균형매트 (Aeromat, therapy, Inc, 2007), 단단한지면군은편평한콘크리트지면에서운동을실시하였다 운동방법 연구대상자들은 6주간주 5회매회 30분씩운동프로그램을실시하였으며, 운동의강도는 Borg의운동자각도를적용하여약간힘든정도에서힘든정도 (13~15점) 로실시하였다. 구체적인본운동방법은아래와같다. 1 발을엉덩이쪽으로당기고앉아양발을교대로발바닥굽힘-발등굽힘하기 (30초마다 10초휴식 )( 총 10 분 ) 3 천장 (30초) 과바닥 (30초) 을교대로바라보며제자리걷기 ( 총 10분 ) 5 오른발 (30초) 과왼발 (30초) 을교대로한발서기 (30 초마다 10초휴식 )( 총 10분 ) 2.3 측정방법및도구 Air-balance system 3D 동적균형검사장비로 Air-balance system 3D(SNS, Korea) 를사용하였다 [ 그림 1]. 연구대상자가자신의신장에맞춰발판에올라서서옆축에신체정렬선을맞춘후고정대를골반의위앞엉덩뼈가시 (ASIS) 에위치시키고골반경사 (pelvic tilting) 가최대한일어나지않게단단히고정시켰다. 차렷상태에서가슴에손을교차시키고턱끝을안으로당기도록하였다. 그상태에서허리부분의움직임이일어나지않게체중이동을이용함으로써 8가지방향별로대상자가능동적으로지면에최대 45도까지기울어지는동안환자가차렷상태를유지할것을요구하였다. 측정값은컴퓨터가자동으로검사완료시까지체중이동각도를기록하였다 근활성도근육의활성화수준을알아보기위해표면근전도 (Noraxon, MyoSystem 1400A) 를사용하였다. 사용된전극은 Ag/AgCl을이용하였으며, 각전극사이거리는 20mm 이내에위치하도록했다. 전극부착위치는우세측다리의앞정강근 (tibialis anterior), 가자미근 (gastrocnemius), 넙다리두갈래근 (biceps femoris) 으로하였으며, 활성전극은근섬유방향과평행하게근육힘살의중간부위에배치하였다.14) 근전도와신호는실효치진폭을분석하였고, 총 30초의신호중신호가불안정한초기와후기 3초를제외한 24초의신호를분석하였다. 2.4 분석방법본연구에서의결과처리는 SPSS 18.0 for window를사용하여분석하였다. 그룹별운동전 후의변화를알아보기위하여대응표본 t-검정을사용하여분석하였고, 그룹간차이를알아보기위해운동전측정값과운동전 후측정값의차를각각일원배치분산분석을사용하여분석하였으며, 사후분석은 Scheffe를사용하였다. 유의수준은 α<.05로하였다. 4599

3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 10 호, 연구결과 3.1 8방향별체중이동각도의변화 각그룹별운동전 후 Foward, Left, Right, Left-Foward, Right -Foward의변화는모래지면군과균형매트군은유의하게증가하였으나 (p<0.05) 단단한지면군은유의한변화가없었다 (p>0.05). 그룹간차이는유의하였으며 (p<0.05), 사후분석결과모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게증가되었고 (p<0.05), 모래지면군과균형매트군간에는유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 각그룹별운동전 후 Backward, Left- Backward, Right-Backward의변화는세그룹모두약간증가하였으나유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05)[ 표 2]. 3.2 근활성도의변화각그룹별운동전 후앞정강근과가자미근그리고넙다리두갈래근근활성도의변화는세그룹모두유의하게증가되었다 (p<0.05). 그룹간차이는앞정강근과가자미근에서유의한차이가있었으며 (p<0.05), 넙다리두갈래근은유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 사후분석결과앞정강근에서는모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게 [ 표 2] 운동전 후 8 방향별체중이동각도의비교 [Table 2] A comparison of dynamic balance ability in the 8-directional angle between pre- and post- exercise Foward Backward Left Right Left- Foward Right- Foward Left- Backward, Right- Backward SG(n=30) 3) BFG(n=30) HGG(n=30) F (post-hoc) Pre 24.79±1.94 1) 25.04± ± Post 28.59± ± ±2.53 Diff 2) 3.8± ± ± * t * * (SG, BFG > HG) pre 17.99± ± ± post 18.35± ± ±2.86 Diff 0.36± ± ± t pre 19.63± ± ± post 28.65± ± ±6.7 Diff 9.02± ± ± * t * * (SG, BFG > HG) Pre 21.97± ± ± Post 27.33± ± ±7.42 Diff 5.36± ± ± * t * * (SG, BFG > HG) pre 25.87± ± ± post 31.71± ± ±4.8 Diff 5.84± ± ± * t * * (SG, BFG > HG) pre 26.14± ± ± post 30.25± ± ±8.1 Diff 4.1± ± ± * t * * (SG, BFG > HG) pre 20.72± ± ± post 21.14± ± ±2.09 Diff 0.42± ± ± t pre 21.25± ± ± post 21.43± ± ±3.36 Diff 0.19± ± ± t ) Mean±SD 2) Diff : Difference(Pre-Post) 3) SG : Sand Group, BFG : Balance Form Group HGC : Hard Ground Group *p<

4 [ 표 3] 운동전 후의표면근전도비교 [Table 3] A comparison of surface EMG between pre- and post- exercise Tibialis Anterior ( μv ) Gastrocnemius ( μv ) Biceps femoris ( μv ) SG(n=30) 3) BFG(n=30) HGG(n=30) F (post-hoc) Pre 34.63± ) 35.26± ± Post 60.69± ± ±12.6 Diff 2) 26.06± ± ± * t * * * (SG, BFG > HG) pre 11.78± ± ± post 26.44± ± ±6.61 Diff 14.66± ± ± * t * * * (SG > BFG > HG) pre 40.96± ± ± post 76.56± ± ±11.42 Diff 35.6± ± ± t * * * 1) Mean±SD 2) Diff : Difference(Pre-Post) 3) SG : Sand Group, BFG : Balance Form Group HGC : Hard Ground Group *p<.05 증가되었으며 (p<0.05), 모래지면군과균형매트군간에는유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 가자미근에서는모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게증가되었고 (p<0.05) 모래지면군은균형맨트군에대해서도더유의하게증가되었다 (p<0.05)[ 표 3]. 4. 고찰 어린이공원에는커다란모래밭이조성되어있다. 이모래들은모래놀이공간겸충격완화기능을하는안전시설로이용하고있는것이일반적이고넓이가 6m 2 이상이므로 [10] 누구나쉽게모래지면을접할수있고균형매트나경사판또는트램플린에비해상당히넓은범위의불안정한지지면을제공할수있어낙상시충격완화를위한공간을확보할수있다. 유진호 (2010) 는불안정한지지면에서의균형운동은고유수용성감각을향상시키고다리근력을향상시키는데효과적이라고보고하였으며 [11], 본연구에서도균형능력을 Air-balance system 3D로측정하였으며, 불안정한지지면을제공한균형매트군과모래지면군이모두단단한지면군에비해균형능력이더향상되었음을확인할수있었으며, 두그룹간에는차이가없음을확인할수있었다. 박준섭등 (2003) 과 Lear와 Gross(1998) 는불안정한지지면에서의운동은안정한지지면에서의운동보다안정성에관여하는여러가지근육을강화시키는역동적인운동방법으로몸통과관절의안정성을증진시킨다고하 였다 [12][13]. 그리고조혜영 (2006) 의연구에서는 대여성요통환자 20명을대상으로약한달간짐볼과고정된면에서의중심안정화운동을실시한결과두지면간근활성도에도유이한차이를보고하였다 [14]. 본연구에서도불안정한지지면을제공한균형매트군과모래지면군에서앞정강근과가자미근에서근활성도의유의한증가를확인할수있었고가자미근에대해서는모래지면군이균형매트군에비해서도더유의하게증가되었음을알수있었다. 이는불안정한지지면에서의균형운동이감마운동신경원을통하여근방추를민감하게만들어줌으로써결과적으로운동출력을개선시켰기때문이다 [15]. 본연구을통해불안정한지지면으로써모래의가능성을확인할수있었으며, 향후연구대상자를노인이나근골격계또는중추신경계환자로확장하고모래의경도및모래알의크기를통제하는등좀더세밀한연구를통해국민건강증진에기여하기를기대해본다. 5. 결론 본연구는모래지면, 균형매트, 단단한지면에서의운동이균형능력및근활성도에미치는영향을알아보고자성인남녀 90명을대상으로 6주간실시하였다. 무작위로각각 30명씩모래지면군, 균형매트군, 단단한지면군으로구분하여각각의서로다른지면에서동일한운동프로그램을진행하였다. 운동전 후균형능력의변화를알아보기위해 Air-balance system 3D를이용하여 8방향별체중이동각도를측정하였고표면근전도를이용하여앞정강 4601

5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 10 호, 2012 근, 가자미근, 넙다리두갈래근의근활성도를측정하였다. 본연구의결과는다음과같다. 1. 방향체중이동각도중 Foward, Left, Right, Left- Foward, Right -Foward는모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게향상되었으며 (p<0.05), 모래지면군과균형매트군은유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05) 2. 앞정강근의근활성도는세그룹모두유의하게증가하였으며 (p<0.05), 모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게활성화되었고 (p<0.05) 모래지면군과균형매트군은유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05) 3. 가자미근의근활성도는세그룹모두유의하게증가하였으며 (p<0.05), 모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더유의하게활성화되었고 (p<0.05) 모래지면군이균형매트군에비해서도더유의하게활성화되었다 (p<0.05). 이상의결과를종합하면서로다른지면에서의운동전 후의균형능력과근활성도의변화는모래지면군과균형매트군이단단한지면군에비해더효과적이었으며, 모래지면군과균형매트군간에비슷한양상을보였음으로균형매트의대체중재방법으로모래지면의가능성을확인할수있었다. References [1] Nichols DS, et al., "Sitting balance: its relation to function in individuals with hemiparesis", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, Vol. 77, No. 9, pp , [2] Yavuzer G, et al., "The effects of balance training on gait late after stroke: a randomized controlled trial", Clin Rehabil, Vol. 20, No. 11, pp , [3] Cheng PT, et al., "Symmetrical body-weight distribution training in stroke patients and its effect on fall prevention", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, Vol. 82, No 12, pp , [4] Shumway-Cook A, et al., "Assessing the influence of sensory interaction of balance. Suggestion from the field", Phys Ther, Vol. 66, No. 10, pp , [5] Gribble PA, et al., "The Effects of Fatigue and Chronic Ankle Instability on Dynamic Postural Control", J Athl Train, Vol. 39, No. 14, pp , [6] Franklin DW, et al., "Adaptation to stable and unstable dynamics achieved by combined impedance control and inverse dynamics model", J Neurophysiol. Vol. 90, No. 5, pp , [7] Irion, JM, Use of the hym ball in rehabilitation of spinal dysfunction. J Am Orthopaedic Phys Ther Clin, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp , [8] Cho MJ, "Do unstable surface facilitate proprioception input?: somatosensory evoked potentials analysis study", Master Thesis, Catholic university of pusan, [9] Kwak HS, "A case study of the application of sand-box play therapy on children with the emotional & behavioral disorder", Master Thesis, Korea National University of Education, 2003 [10] Park HJ, "The research of evaluating the playing environment in children`s playgrounds: with respect to the sands", Master Thesis, Kyunghee University, [11] Yu JH, "Comparison of the Effects on Balance Control of 3 Balance Training Programs among Some Female Students", Doctor Thesis, Chosun University, [12] Park JS, et al., "Comparison of Muscle Activity During a Push-up on a Suspension Sling and a Fixed Support", PTK, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp , [13] Lear LJ, et al., "An electromyographical analysis of the scapular stabilizing synergists during a push-up progression", J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp , [14] Jo HY, Comparing the effects of core stability exercise between using treatment ball and fixed support on lumbopelvic muscle activity for the patients with low back pain, Master Thesis, Dankook University, [15] Granacher U, et al., "Training induced adaptations in characteristics of postural reflexes in elderly men", Gait Posture, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp , 김명철 (Mung-Chul Kim) [ 정회원 ] 2003 년 2 월 : 대구대학교재활과학대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2007 년 2 월 : 대구대학교재활과학대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학박사 ) 2007 년 3 월 : 수원여자대학물리치료학과교수 2009 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 을지대학교물리치료학과교수 < 관심분야 > 신경계물리치료, 노인물리치료 4602

6 한슬기 (Seul-Ki Han) [ 정회원 ] 2012 년 12 월 : 을지대학교보건대학원물리치료학과 ( 물리치료학석사 ) 2009 년 11 월 ~ 현재 : 대전요양병원수중운동팀부팀장 2012 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 대전보건대학교물리치료학과겸임교수 < 관심분야 > 수중운동, 균형장애 오현주 (Hyun-Ju Oh) [ 정회원 ] 2007 년 8 월 : 대구대학교재활과학대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 년 8 월 : 대구대학교재활과학대학원재활과학과 ( 이학박사 ) 2010 년 6 월 ~ 현재 : 신화메디칼 ( 임상기기연구개발 ) 2011 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 대구과학대학교물리치료과겸임교수 < 관심분야 > 정형물리치료, 수중운동 4603

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