untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 19, No. 6, December Original Article 한국인조기류마티스관절염환자에서의 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의유용성및한계 문수진 1 ㆍ이창훈 2 ㆍ김윤성 3 ㆍ박윤정 1 ㆍ강귀영 4 ㆍ곽승기 1 ㆍ김해림 5 ㆍ주지현 1 김현숙 3 ㆍ서영일 6 ㆍ최상태 7 ㆍ최진정 8 ㆍ김현아 6 ㆍ김완욱 1 ㆍ윤종현 1 ㆍ홍연식 1 이명수 2 ㆍ이상헌 5 ㆍ송정수 7 ㆍ박원 9 ㆍ김호연 1 ㆍ박성환 1 가톨릭대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 1, 원광대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 2, 조선대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 3, 충북대학교병원내과학교실류마티스내과 4, 건국대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 5, 한림대학교성심병원내과학교실류마티스내과 6, 중앙대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 7, 차의과학대학교강남차병원내과학교실류마티스내과 8, 인하대학교의과대학내과학교실류마티스내과 9 Usefulness and Limitation of 2010 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria in Korean Patients with Early RA Su-Jin Moon 1, Chang Hoon Lee 2, Yun Sung Kim 3, Yun-Jung Park 1, Kwi Young Kang 4, Seung-Ki Kwok 1, Hae-Rim Kim 5, Ji Hyeon Ju 1, Hyun-Sook Kim 3, Young Il Seo 6, Sang Tae Choi 7, Jin-Jung Choi 8, Hyun Ah Kim 6, Wan-Uk Kim 1, Chong-Hyun Yoon 1, Yeon-Sik Hong 1, Myeung Su Lee 2, Sang-Heon Lee 5, Jung-Soo Song 7, Won Park 9, Ho-Youn Kim 1, Sung-Hwan Park 1 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 1, Wonkwang University, Iksan 2, The Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 3, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 4, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 5, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 6, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul 7, Kangnam CHA Hospital, CHA University, Seoul 8, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 9, Korea Objective. The 2010 New American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was raised to identify patients with early RA and replaced the 1987 ACR classification criteria. The aims of this study are to assess the availability of new classification criteria and to evaluate its potential limitation. Methods. A total of 408 patients with newly diagnosed RA were included from 13 secondary or tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The symptom duration was less than 12 months before the diagnosis of RA. RA was defined as either 1987 ACR classification criteria or new 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. We compared the full details of both classification criteria. Results. The mean symptom duration was 5.1 months. The majority (76.2%) of the patients were female. Two hundred and seventy three patients (66.9%) fulfilled both of the 2010 and 1987 classification criteria. Forty-seven (14.7%) of the 320 patients fulfilling the 1987 criteria did not fulfill the new classification criteria. On the other hand, eighty-eight (24.4%) of the 361 patients fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria did not fulfill the <Received:February 7, 2012, Revised (1st:June 21, 2012, 2nd:October 3, 2012), Accepted:October 4, 2012> Corresponding to:sung-hwan Park, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodae-ro, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul , Korea. rapark@catholic.ac.kr pissn: X, eissn: Copyright c 2012 by The Korean College of Rheumatology This is a Free Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 326

2 Usefulness and Limitation of 2010 RA Classification Criteria ACR criteria. Thirty-six (55.4%) of the 65 patient with seronegative RA failed to meet the 2010 classification criteria. In case of seropositive RA (n=343), 85 additional patients (24.8%) could be diagnosed as RA using new classification criteria. Conclusion. The new 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria enable physicians to diagnose more patients with early RA via the help of serology. However, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of seronegative RA is projected to decrease. Key Words. Rheumatoid arthritis, Criterion, Diagnosis, Seronegative 서론류마티스관절염은관절의기능및구조의파괴를유도하는만성염증성질환이다. 그러나, 최근연구들을통해류마티스관절염을조기에치료하게되면병의자연경과에영향을미쳐병의진행을늦출수있다는사실이밝혀졌다 (1). 뿐만아니라, 류마티스관절염을조기에적극적으로치료하는경우가병이진행한이후치료하는것에비해관해획득률이높고, 관절의파괴나기능장애를줄일수있다는사실이밝혀졌다 (2). 따라서, 구조적파괴가이루어지기전인조기에류마티스관절염을진단하는것이매우중대한문제가되었다. 하지만, 조기류마티스관절염진단에특이적인임상소견이나검사법이없기때문에때때로진단이늦어지는경우가있었다. 더구나기존에널리이용되던 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 분류기준은조기에류마티스관절염을진단하는데있어낮은민감도를보이는한계가있음이여러연구를통해밝혀졌다 (3,4). 이러한이유로, 2010년도에 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 류마티스관절염분류기준이새로개발되었고 (5), 이새분류기준의도입으로인해염증성활막염을보이는관절염환자에서류마티스관절염을조기에진단할수있으리라기대되고있다 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준은 9개의조기관절염코호트의 3,115명의환자를대상으로한연구를통해만들어졌다. 첫방문이후 12개월이내에메토트렉세이트투여를시작하게되는경우를류마티스관절염이라정의하고, 이환자들을류마티스관절염으로진단하는데있어임상및실험실적변수들의상대적인중요도를점수화시킨것이새로운 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준이다 (6). 이러한과정을통해만들어졌으므로, 새분류기준은활막염을보이는염증성관절염환자중에서류마티스관절염으로진행할가능성이높은환자군을선별하고, 이들에게메토트렉세이트와같은 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) 의조기투여를결정하는것에도움이될것이라생각된다. 소수그룹에서기존의 1987 ACR 류마티스관절염분류기준과 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의일치도연구가이루어지긴하였지만아직두기준의타당성및한계에대해선충분한검증이이루어지지않은실정이다 (7,8). 또한류마티스관절염은나라와민족에따라임상적특성의차이가크기때문에국내류마티스관절염환자를대상으로한검증이우선이루어져야한다. 이에저자들은, 국내 9개대학의 13개 2차혹은 3차병원에서 1년미만의관절통을주소로내원하여새롭게류마티스관절염으로진단된환자들을대상으로한연구를수행하였다 ACR 기준과 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을각각적용하여새로운류마티스관절염분류기준의효용성및한계를확인하는데목표를두고연구를진행하였다. 대상및방법연구대상환자 2010년 1월부터 2011년 3월까지 9개대학의 13개산하대학병원에 12개월미만의관절통을주소로내원한외래환자중, DMARDs 혹은스테로이드에노출된적이없는환자들로국한하였다. 이들중 1987 ACR (4) 혹은 2010 ACR/EULAR (5) 분류기준에의거하여류마티스관절염으로처음진단된환자 408명을대상으로연구를수행하였다. 자료의수집과처리대상환자들에대하여성별, 진단당시나이, 증상의기간을조사하였다. 각각의환자에서 1987 ACR 류마티스관절염분류기준에들어가는 7개항목의만족유무와, 2010년 ACR/EULAR 새로운분류기준의 4가지범주의개별점수를조사하였다. 본연구는각각의병원의윤리심의위원회의승인을받았다. 통계분석결과는평균 ± 표준편차로표시하였고, 평균값의비교는 independent t-test 혹은 analysis of variance (ANOVA) 를시행하였다. 교차분석은카이제곱검정 (chi-square test) 를시행하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하였으며, p값 0.05 미만을통계적으로유의하다고판정하였다. 결과류마티스관절염분류기준의일치도총분석대상자인 408명의환자중, 1987 ACR 분류기준을만족하는환자는 320명이었고, 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을만족하는환자는 361명이었다. 이중각각 85.3%, 75.6% 인 273명에서 1987 ACR, 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을동시에만족하였다 (Table 1).

3 328 문수진외 환자들의사회인구학적및임상적특성전체 408명환자중여성환자가 311명으로남 : 여비율이 1 : 3.2였고, 진단당시평균연령은 51.2±13.0세였다. 류마티스관절염진단시점에, 증상기간은 5.1±4.7개월이었다. 이들특성은세군에서차이가없었다 (Table 1) ACR/EULAR 분류기준을만족하는 361명의환자중 90% 이상이류마티스인자나 anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) 양성인혈청양성류마티스관절염환자였다. 이에반해, 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는환자 47명중, 11 명 (23.4%) 만이혈청양성환자였고이비율은다른두그룹에비해의미있게낮은수치였다 (p) (Table 1) ACR/EULAR 분류기준의적용 1987 ACR 분류기준과 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의만족여부에따라나뉘어진 3군에서 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의항목별양성율및점수를비교하였다 (Table 2). 관절침범범위에따른점수는두분류기준을모두만족하는그룹에서의미있게높았고, 류마티스인자와 ACPA 양성정도에따른점수는 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는그 룹에서의미있게낮았다. 이그룹에속한 47명의환자중 76.6% 에해당하는 36명의환자는혈청음성류마티스관절염환자였다 ACR/EULAR 분류기준에의해류마티스관절염으로진단된환자는약 80% 에서정상상한치의 3배이상의류마티스인자혹은 ACPA 수치를보였다. 진단당시, 적혈구침강속도혹은 C-반응단백이높은경우역시 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는군에선 48.9% 로관찰되어 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을만족하는다른 361명의환자에비해 (76.5%) 낮게관찰되었다 (p). 2010년도 ACR/EULAR 분류기준에의해류마티스관절염으로진단된환자중 12.5% 인 45명의환자는증상기간이 6주미만이었다 ACR 분류기준의적용 1987년도 ACR 분류기준에포함된 7개의항목의각각의양성율을 3군에서비교하였다 (Table 3, Figure 1) ACR/EULAR 분류기준만을만족하는환자중 (n=88) 1시간이상의조조강직을보인환자는 25명 (28.4%) 으로다른두군에비해낮은양성율을보였다. 이외에도 3 관절이 Table 1. Demographic and clinical features in Korean patients with newly diagnosed RA Both ACR 1987 and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (n=273) 1987 ACR only (n=47) 2010 ACR/EULAR only (n=88) p-value Subjects total (n=408) Female, n (%) Age at diagnosis (years) Symptom duration (months) Seropositve RA, n (%) (either RF or ACPA) 211/273 (77.3) 52.0± ± (90.5) 36/47 (76.6) 49.7± ± (23.4) 64/88 (72.7) 49.6± ± (96.6) /408 (76.2) 51.21± ± (84.1) ACR: American College of Rheumatology, EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism, RF: rheumatoid factor, ACPA: anti-citrullinated peptide antibody Table 2. Performance of 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria for patients with newly diagnosed RA 2010 (+), 1987 (+) n= (-), 1987 (+) n= (+), 1987 (-) n=88 p-value Total n=408 n (%) n (%) Joint involvement, points, mean±sd RF or ACPA, points, mean±sd Elevated acute phase reactant Sx duration <6 weeks 3.2±1.2* 9 (3.3) 79 (28.9) 109 (39.9) 76 (27.8) 2.6± (9.5) 31 (11.4) 216 (79.1) 211 (77.3) 31 (11.4) 2.3±0.7 1 (2.1) 4 (8.5) 20 (42.6) 22 (46.8) 0.53±1.0* 36 (76.6) 8 (17.0) 3 (6.4) 23 (48.9)* - 2.1± (12.5) 64 (72.7) 10 (11.4) 3 (3.4) 2.8±0.6 3 (3.4) 13 (14.8) 72 (81.8) 65 (73.9) 14 (15.9) 2.86± (0.2) 24 (5.9) 163 (39.9) 141 (34.6) 79 (19.4) 2.39± (15.9) 52 (12.7) 291 (71.3) 299 (73.3) 52 (12.7) RA: rheumatoid arthritis, RF: rheumatoid factor, ACPA: anti-citrullinated protein antibody. Data are mean±sd or number (%). *p<0.05 among three groups (ANOVA analysis)

4 Usefulness and Limitation of 2010 RA Classification Criteria 329 Table 3. Prevalence of each items of 1987 ACR classification criteria of our study and other previous reports depending on the satisfaction of the 1987 ACR or 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria, or both criteria Both criteria (N=273) Our study, Patients fulfilling Only 1987 criteria (N=47) Only 2010 criteria (N=88) Varache et al. (13) (N=100) Fautrel et al. (7), Patients fulfilling Both criteria (N=526) Only 1987 criteria (N=53) Only 2010 criteria (N=115) Morning stiffness Hand joint involvement Symmetricity Involved joint 3 RF positivity Rheumatoid nodule Radiologic involvement 201 (73.6) 265 (97.1) 256 (93.8) 255 (93.4) 223 (81.7) 17 (6.2) 75 (27.5) 39 (83) 45 (95.7) 43 (91.5) 43 (91.5) 9 (19.1) 3 (6.4) 19 (40.4) 25 (28.4) 68 (77.3) 27 (30.7) 24 (27.3) 66 (75) 7 (8) 9 (10.2) (94.5) 486 (92.4) 503 (95.6) 309 (58.7) 53 (100) 52 (98.1) 51 (96.2) 3 (5.7) 74 (64.4) 42 (36.5) 52 (45.2) 58 (50.4) Data are represented as number (%). ACR: American College of Rheumatology, EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism, : not assessed, RF: rheumatoid factor. *p<0.05 among three groups (ANOVA analysis) Figure 1. Prevalence of each items of 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA according to the three groups. 상의염증, 수부관절염, 대칭성, 방사선학적변화가각각 27.3%, 77.3%, 30.7%, 10.2% 로관찰되었다. 이는다른두그룹에비해통계학적으로의미있게낮은수치였다. 그리고, 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준은만족하지않으나, 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는 47명의환자중류마티스인자양성인자는 9명 (19.1%) 으로관찰되었다. 우리연구결과는 Fautrel 등에의해수행된연구결과와도비슷하였다 (7) (Table 3) ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준의유용성및한계 408명의새로진단된류마티스관절염환자중류마티스인자나 ACPA가양성인혈청양성류마티스관절염환자는 343명이었고, 나머지 65명은혈청음성류마티스관절염환자였다. 혈청양성여부에따라 1987 ACR 분류기준과 2010 ACR/EULAR 기준을각각적용하였다 (Figure 2). 혈청양성류마티스관절염환자는새로운 2010 ACR/ EULAR 분류기준도입에의해 85명 (24.8%) 의환자가추가로류마티스관절염진단을받게되고, 11명 (3.2%) 이제외되는결과를보였다 (Figure 2A). 그에반해, 혈청음성류마티스관절염의경우는 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준만을적용한다면 55.4% 에해당하는 36명의환자가류마티스관절염진단에서제외되는결과를보였고, 새로운분류기준에의해선단 3명의환자만이추가로류마티스관절염진단을받게되었다 (Figure 2B). 이들 36명의혈청음성류마티스관절염환자들을 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류항목별로분석해보면관절침범점수 1점이 1명 (2.8%), 2점이 14명 (38.9%), 3점이 21명 (58.3%), 5점이 0명이었다. 새로운분류기준의도입에의해추가로류마티스관절염진단이가능해진 3명의환자는모두관절침범점수가 5점으로관찰되었다. 65 명의혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에서 1987 ACR 분류기준을 3군별로적용하였다 (Table 4) ACR/EULAR 분류기준에의해새롭게류마티스관절염으로추가진단된 3명의환자는다른두군에비해조조강직과관절염의대칭성항목이모두통계적으로낮았다 (p<0.05). 고찰 1958년도에 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) 에서발표된류마티스관절염분류기준이처음발표되었고, 이후개정된분류기준이 ACR에의해 1987년도에발표되었다. 이후이분류기준은대부분의인종과지역에서널리사용되어왔다 ACR 류마티스관절염분류기준제정시대상이었던환자군의평균질병이환기간은 7.7년으로, 이는당시대상환자들이조기류마티스관절염보다는병이상당히진행한저명한류마티스관절염환자들로이

5 330 문수진외 Figure 2. Application of 1987 ACR and 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria according to the seropositivity of patients. (A) seropositive RA, (B) seronegative RA. Table 4. Prevalence of each items of 1987 ACR classification criteria for seronegative RA patients 1987 (+), 2010 ( ) n= (+), 2010 (+) n= ( ), 2010 (+) n=3 p-value Morning stiffness 1 hour Arthritis of 3 or more joint areas Arthritis of hand joints Symmetric arthritis Rheumatoid nodule Rheumatoid factor Radiographic changes 32 (88.9) 34 (94.4) 35 (97.2) 34 (94.4) 1 (2.8) 17 (47.2) 24 (92.3) 26 (100) 26 (100) 26 (100) 1 (3.8) 6 (23.1) * 3 (100) 3 (100) 2 (66.7)* Data are represented as number (%). ACR: American College of Rheumatology, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, *p<0.05 among three groups (ANOVA analysis) 루어져있음을의미한다. 또한, 대조군은건강대조군이아닌, 퇴행성관절염, 전신홍반루푸스, 건선관절염등류마티스관절염이아닌다른류마티스질환을가진환자들로구성되었다 (4). 때문에, 1987 ACR 류마티스관절염분류기준은진단기준이될수없고, 특히조기류마티스관절염을진단하는데있어선태생적인한계를갖고있다. 조기류마티스관절염환자를대상으로수행한몇몇연구들에의하면, 1987 ACR 분류기준은류마티스관절염을진단하는데민감도가 50% 내외로상당히낮다 (9). 특히류마티스결절과방사선학적변화의진단민감도는초기분류기준제정당시의그것에비해떨어진다는보고들이있다 (10). ACPA는류마티스관절염의임상적인발병이전부터발견된다. 이를이용하여조기류마티스관절염진단의민감도를높이기위해, 1987 ACR 분류기준에 ACPA를추가한분류기준을적용하려는시도도있었다 (9,11). 결국, 조기진단과치료의중요성과 1987 ACR 분류기준의조기류마티스관절염진단에의낮은민감도를바탕으로하여, 2010년도에 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준이제정되었다. 새로운류마티스관절염분류기준이나온이후, 이기준의류마티스관절염진단에의유용성에대한연구가많이 이루어지고있다 (7,8,12,13). 이연구들의대상은주로염증성관절염환자들로구성된코호트였고 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의류마티스관절염진단민감도, 특이도, 정확도는환자의임상양상에근거하여전문의가내린진단을바탕으로하여이뤄졌다. 즉 DMARDs 투여여부나환자의증상이다른질환으로설명할수없는등의상황에근거한전문의의의견이분류기준의정확도를결정하게된것이다. 하지만, 개별환자에대한진단은전문가마다다를수있다는한계가있으므로본연구진은이점을인식하고, 새롭게발표된 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준을기존의 1987 ACR 분류기준과비교하고새로운진단기준의문제점을파악하는데 1차적인목표를가지고연구를시작하였다. 우리연구결과에서새로운분류기준적용만을따르면류마티스관절염에서배제될수있는 36명의혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에대해, 실제이환자들이류마티스관절염이아닐수있다는의문이제기될수있다. 하지만 Table 4에서보이는결과가이환자들에서도 47% 라는높은빈도로방사선학적변화가관찰되었다. 이환자들의임상양상을보면조조강직 89%, 3관절이상의관절염 94.4%, 수부관절의침범 97.2%, 대칭성관절염 94.4% 로

6 Usefulness and Limitation of 2010 RA Classification Criteria 331 대칭성, 다발성말초관절염의특징을대부분갖고있었다. 바꿔말하면, 류마티스관절염의특징적인임상양상을지니고있음에도류마티스인자와 ACPA가모두음성으로나오는경우는새로운분류기준의도입에의해오히려진단이늦춰지거나임상가로하여금적극적인치료시작을고민하게할가능성이있다고예측할수있다. 물론혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에대한이러한우려는, 일정한시간이지난뒤환자들의임상경과를확인하여야더명확해질것이라고생각한다. 우리연구와비슷한목적을가지고다른인종에서시행한연구들이발표되었고그중 2개의연구결과를 Table 3에기술하였다 (7,13) ACR 분류기준의모든항목에대한양성율을알수는없지는 Table 3에서보이는바와같이우리결과와비슷한결과를보인다. 이연구들에서도 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는환자들은 1시간이상지속되는조조강직, 관절염의대칭성, 3관절이상침범과같은류마티스관절염의특징적인증상들은 90% 이상의환자에서보이나류마티스인자양성율이 5.7% 에불과하였다. Fautrel 등에의한연구에서 1987 ACR 분류기준만을만족하는환자들에서 ACPA 양성율이다른군에서 52.1%, 33.9% 를보인바와달리 3.8% 로낮음을확인하였다 (7). 이는 1987 ACR 진단기준을만족하나 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을만족하지못하는환자들이주로혈청음성류마티스관절염환자임을시사하는것이고이는우리연구결과와도일치한다. 최근발표된국내다른기관연구역시우리연구와비슷한결과를보였다 (9). 유럽인을대상으로수행한이연구들과마찬가지로, 한국인을대상으로한연구들에서도동일한결과를보였으므로, 혈청음성류마티스관절염의진단에있어새로운 ACR/EULAR 분류기준의문제는인종과상관없는문제라고예상할수있다. 물론, Table 3에서보이는바와같이우리연구결과와마찬가지로다른연구들역시 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을도입하게되면 1987 ACR 분류기준을적용할때에비해더많은환자가류마티스관절염으로진단됨을보였다. 이는조기류마티스관절염진단에있어새로운 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준이분명유리한면이있음을의미한다 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준은 ACPA라는류마티스관절염특이자가항체의임상적용으로인해류마티스관절염으로진행할환자의조기발견및 DMARDs의조기적용을가능케한다는임상적이점이기대된다. 하지만, Table 3에서보이는바와같이 2010년도분류기준만을만족하는환자군은, 다른두군에비해관절염의대칭성, 조조강직, 그리고다발성관절염을보이는비율이현저하게낮음을확인할수있다. 따라서, 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준만을만족하는이환자들이장기임상관찰에서도지속적으로 DMARDs를유지하게되는류마티스관절염환자로남을지에대해선확인이필요하리라생각된다. 실제로 Cader 등에의해행 해진발생 3개월미만의조기염증성관절염환자를대상으로한코호트결과에따르면처음에 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준만을만족하였던 46명의환자중약 1/3인 14명의환자는추적관찰기간인 18개월이내에류마티스관절염이아닌다른염증성관절염으로분류되었다 (14). 그에반해 1987 분류기준만을만족하였던 6명의환자는 18개월이후에도 1987 분류기준을만족하거나 2010 분류기준과 1987 분류기준을동시에만족하였다. 처음부터두분류기준을모두만족했던환자들은 18개월이흐른뒤에도두분류기준을모두만족하였다 ACR 분류기준에의해류마티스관절염이진단되려면조조강직, 손가락관절침범, 대칭성, 3관절이상의침범이모두 6주이상지속되어야한다. 따라서 6주미만의염증성관절염을주소로내원한환자를대상으로는기존의분류기준을그대로적용하였을때, ACPA가양성이라하더라고류마티스관절염으로진단하기어려운점이있다. 하지만 ACPA 혹은류마티스인자에대한점수화를전체 10점중 3점을배정한새로운분류기준만을적용한다면 Cader에의한연구결과와같이많은환자를류마티스관절염으로과잉진단할가능성이있다. 실제로 van der Linden 등에의해시행된연구에의하면 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준은 1987 ACR 분류기준에비해민감도는 47.1% 에서 73.5% 로상승된반면진단특이도는 92.9% 에서 71.4% 로감소하였다 (15). 때문에 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준을모든관절통환자에적용하게되면비특이적관절염환자를류마티스관절염으로오진하게될가능성이높다. 특히이런오류는활성관절수가적은비특이적관절염환자에서류마티스인자가높게나오고동시에약간의적혈구침강속도의상승을보이는환자에서발생할가능성이높다 (16). 이때문에새로운분류기준의낮은특이도를개선하기위한노력이필요하다는주장이나오고있고우리연구역시이를뒷받침하는결과들보였다 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준제정시대상이되었던환자군은류마티스관절염의전형적인골미란소견이없는자들로국한되어있다. 이는, 우리연구결과에서보여주었던새로운분류기준에의해류마티스관절염진단에서배제된혈청음성류마티스관절염환자중 47% 에서관절주위골밀도감소혹은골미란을보이는지를일부설명해줄수있다. 류마티스관절염증상이명확해지고병의활성도가높아지기전에류마티스인자나 ACPA가이미혈청에서나오는현상때문에혈청양성류마티스관절염의조기진단이가능해지는길을열었지만, 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준이나오게된연구과정을이해한다면혈청음성류마티스관절염환자는오히려새로운분류기준에의해누락될수있다는점을인지해야할것이다. 왜냐하면, 류마티스관절염에특이적인전형적골미란을단순 X-선을통해병의초기에발견할확률은적기때문이다 (2,11,16). 하지만질병활성도가높은경우에는

7 332 문수진외 관절초음파나자기공명영상등을통해골미란이나활막염을발견할가능성이높다 (17,18). 따라서, 혈청양성류마티스관절염환자와마찬가지로, 혈청음성류마티스관절염의조기진단및치료를위해선보완적인분류기준의도입이필요할것으로생각하며그러한면에서특수영상검사의도입이도움이될수있으리라생각한다. 요약하면 ACPA의발견과이의임상적유용성을바탕으로하여제정된 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염분류기준은, 1987 ACR 분류기준에비해더많은조기류마티스관절염환자를진단하는데도움이될것이다. 하지만혈청에서류마티스인자나 ACPA가발견되지않는혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에서는, 1987 ACR 기준에비해 2010 ACR/ EULAR 분류기준의도입에의해오히려진단민감도가떨어질수있는증거가발견되었다. 그리고진단특이도면에서는오히려 1987 ACR 분류기준에비해떨어지는결과를다른연구를통해확인할수있었다. 따라서, 혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에서의적용시한계와낮은진단특이도라는문제점들을해결하기위해선, 관절초음파나자기공명영상과같은특수방사선학적검사를새로운분류기준에보완하여진단에적용하는것이도움이될수있다고생각한다. 본논문의제한점은단면연구이기때문에이환자들의임상경과를보지못했다는점이다. 따라서향후이환자들을대상으로하는전향적인관찰연구를통해이환자들중류마티스관절염이아닌다른임상경과를밟게되는환자들은어떤특징을갖고있는지확인하는과정이필요하겠다. 결론본연구를통하여새로운 2010 ACR/EULAR 분류기준이조기류마티스관절염의진단에있어 1987 ACR 분류기준에비해유리함을알수있었다. 하지만혈청음성류마티스관절염환자에선오히려진단의민감도를낮출수있는가능성이있음을확인하였다. 이러한경향은우리나라연구결과뿐만아니라다른인종에서도동일한결과를보여혈청음성류마티스관절염의조기진단과치료를위해선영상학적검사와같은다른검사법의도입을통한분류기준의보완이필요할것으로생각된다. 감사의글본연구는일부보건복지부보건의료기술연구개발사업의지원에의하여이루어진것 (A084794) 입니다. 참고문헌 1. Raza K. The Michael Mason prize: early rheumatoid arthritis--the window narrows. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49: Nell VP, Machold KP, Eberl G, Stamm TA, Uffmann M, Smolen JS. Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43: Banal F, Dougados M, Combescure C, Gossec L. Sensitivity and specificity of the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis according to disease duration: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68: Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31: Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO 3rd, et al Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62: Funovits J, Aletaha D, Bykerk V, Combe B, Dougados M, Emery P, et al. The 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: methodological report phase I. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69: Fautrel B, Combe B, Rincheval N, Dougados M; ESPOIR Scientific Committee. Level of agreement of the 1987 ACR and 2010 ACR/EULAR rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an analysis based on ESPOIR cohort data. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71: Britsemmer K, Ursum J, Gerritsen M, van Tuyl LH, van Schaardenburg D. Validation of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: slight improvement over the 1987 ACR criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70: Jung SJ, Lee SW, Ha YJ, Lee KH, Kang Y, Park MC, et al. Patients with early arthritis who fulfil the 1987 ACR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis but not the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71: Saraux A, Berthelot JM, Chalès G, Le Henaff C, Thorel JB, Hoang S, et al. Ability of the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria to predict rheumatoid arthritis in patients with early arthritis and classification of these patients two years later. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44: Liao KP, Batra KL, Chibnik L, Schur PH, Costenbader KH. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67: Kaarela K, Kauppi JE, Kauppi MJ. The 2010 ACR/ EULAR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in the Heinola inception cohort--diagnoses confirmed by long-term follow-up. Clin Rheumatol 2012;31: Varache S, Cornec D, Morvan J, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Berthelot JM, Le Henaff-Bourhis C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in a 2-year cohort. J Rheumatol 2011;38: Cader MZ, Filer A, Hazlehurst J, de Pablo P, Buckley CD, Raza K. Performance of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with 1987 ACR

8 Usefulness and Limitation of 2010 RA Classification Criteria 333 criteria in a very early synovitis cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70: van der Linden MP, Knevel R, Huizinga TW, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Classification of rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63: Zeidler H. How can misclassification be prevented when using the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria? Comment on the article by van der Linden et al. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63: Rahmani M, Chegini H, Najafizadeh SR, Azimi M, Habibollahi P, Shakiba M. Detection of bone erosion in early rheumatoid arthritis: ultrasonography and conventional radiography versus non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Rheumatol 2010;29: Bøyesen P, Haavardsholm EA, van der Heijde D, Østergaard M, Hammer HB, Sesseng S, et al. Prediction of MRI erosive progression: a comparison of modern imaging modalities in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:176-9.

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 2012 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 경희대학교의학전문대학원류마티스내과학교실 홍승재 진단의중요성 치료의첫단계 : 정확한진단은아무리강조해도지나치지않음 감별진단의중요성 : 진단이달라짐에따라치료시기와약제의선택, 진행경과, 합병증여부, 예후및삶의질에차이가있다. 류마티스관절염 (Rheumatoid arthritis) : 비교적젊은나이에발병하며, 진단초기부터관절염증에의한골파괴소견이가능함.

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 1: 29-33, January 진단면역학 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염의분류체계에대한항핵주변인자검사의적용에관한예비연구

원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 1: 29-33, January 진단면역학 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염의분류체계에대한항핵주변인자검사의적용에관한예비연구 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 1: 29-33, January 2013 진단면역학 2010 ACR/EULAR 류마티스관절염의분류체계에대한항핵주변인자검사의적용에관한예비연구 A Preliminary Study for Applying Antiperinuclear Antibody Test to 2010 ACR/EULAR Classification

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

???춍??숏

???춍??숏 Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

?

? http://kfaexpo.kr/ The 40th Korea Franchise Business Expo 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 in Busan COVER STORY SPEACIAL REPORT GUIDE POST PEOPLE & STORY ASSOCIATION NEWS Ҷ

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

13_이찬희 외_ 수정 완료.hwp

13_이찬희 외_ 수정 완료.hwp 원저 ISSN 2093-9272 일산병원학술지 2018;17(2):70-74 국민건강보험일산병원류마티스내과 1, 안과 2, 연구분석팀 박진수 1, 박종운 2, 임현선 3, 이찬희 Clinical Characteristics of Patients Visiting Rheumatology Clinics Jin Su Park 1, Jong Woon Park 2, Hyunsun

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

untitled

untitled 대한수혈학회지:제권 제호, 0 한 대학병원의 혈액 폐기 분석 김병철ㆍ서영익ㆍ채금란ㆍ신정원ㆍ최태윤 = Abstract = 순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 진단검사의학교실 Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea Byung Chul Kim, Young Ik Seo, Gum Ran

More information

<30332EC6AFC1FD2DB9DABCBAC8AF2E687770>

<30332EC6AFC1FD2DB9DABCBAC8AF2E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 76 권제 1 호 2009 특집 (Special Review) - 류마티스관절염진단과치료의최신지견 류마티스관절염의새로운진단법 가톨릭의대류마티스내과 박성환 New diagnostic method of rheumatoid arthritis Sung-Hwan Park, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

2134

2134 대한진단검사의학회지 제28권 제6호 28 Korean J Lab Med 28;28:457-64 DOI 1.3343/kjlm.28.28.6.457 Original Article Diagnostic Immunology AxSYM 항-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide 항체 검사의 진단적 유용성 평가 김경은 1 김경희 1 우광숙 1 한진영 1 김정만

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

untitled

untitled 대한내과학회지 : 제 72 권제 1 호 2007 노인성류마티스관절염의임상적특징 왈레스기념침례병원내과 박정현 이규 고진우 박성남 이화정 안광순 이충원 =Abstract= The clinical characteristics of elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis Jung-Hyun Park, M.D., Gyu Lee, M.D., Jin-Woo

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

<303120C6AFC1FD20C0CCC0BABAC D E687770>

<303120C6AFC1FD20C0CCC0BABAC D E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 83 권제 2 호 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2012.83.2.157 특집 (Special Review) - 관절염환자의진단적접근 관절염의임상상과감별진단 서울대학교의과대학내과학교실 이은봉 Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis of Arthritides

More information

1. 2. 2 1. 2 2. 2 3. 3. 3 3 1. 3 2. 3 3. 4. 4 1. : 4 2. : (KSVD) 4 3. : 88 5. 36

1. 2. 2 1. 2 2. 2 3. 3. 3 3 1. 3 2. 3 3. 4. 4 1. : 4 2. : (KSVD) 4 3. : 88 5. 36 , 1965 1994: 3 1965 (Konstfackskolan). 1996. (, 2004) :, (, 2010), 20 (, 2005), :,, (, 2005), 02: (, 2008), (KDF, 2009), (, 2011), (, 2011). ( _, 2011 3 ), : ( 前 史 ) (, 102, 2012). 35 1. 2. 2 1. 2 2. 2

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

( ) 06.jkra043.hwp

( ) 06.jkra043.hwp 대한류마티스학회지 Vol. 14, No. 3, September, 2007 원저 한국인조기류마티스관절염에서항 CCP 항체의진단적의의 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학내과학교실, 진단검사의학교실 *, 의학통계학교실 ** 박성훈ㆍ김지영ㆍ김성규ㆍ최정윤ㆍ김상경 * ㆍ신임희 ** =Abstract= Diagnostic Significance of Anti-CCP Antibody

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 1 19 Jun 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * * 1 ( ) 2) 3) 4) * 1) ( ) 3 2) 7 1 3) 2 1 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 5) ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 3 2 4) ( ) 6 7 5) - 2003 23 144-166 2 2 1) 6)

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1A4B0EDC8ABBAB8C7D0BAB85F31302D31C8A35F32C2F75F303132392E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1A4B0EDC8ABBAB8C7D0BAB85F31302D31C8A35F32C2F75F303132392E687770> 버스 외부 광고의 효과에 관한 탐색적 연구 : 매체 접촉률과 인지적 반응을 중심으로 1) 고한준 국민대학교 언론정보학부 조교수 노봉조 벅스컴애드 대표 이사 최근 몇 년 사이 옥외 광고나 인터넷 광고 등 BTL(Below the Line) 매체가 광고 시장에서 차지하 는 비중이 점점 높아지고 있다. 버스 외부 광고는 2004년 7월 서울시 교통체계개편 이후 이용자

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,

More information

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

More information

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou 제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

untitled

untitled Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 20, No. 6, December, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2013.20.6.356 Original Article TNF-α 길항제가적응이되는류마티스관절염환자들의임상양상 손경민ㆍ정영옥ㆍ김인제ㆍ김범준ㆍ이성연ㆍ문소영ㆍ서영일ㆍ김현아 한림대학교의과대학류마티스내과학교실

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

7 1 ( 12 ) 1998. 1913 ( 1912 ) 4. 3) 1916 3 1918 4 1919. ( ) 1 3 1, 3 1. 1.. 1919 1920. 4) ( ), ( ),. 5) 1924 4 ( ) 1. 1925 1. 2). ( ). 6). ( ). ( ).

7 1 ( 12 ) 1998. 1913 ( 1912 ) 4. 3) 1916 3 1918 4 1919. ( ) 1 3 1, 3 1. 1.. 1919 1920. 4) ( ), ( ),. 5) 1924 4 ( ) 1. 1925 1. 2). ( ). 6). ( ). ( ). 7 1 ( 12 ) : 1-11, 1998 K orean J M ed H ist 7 : 1-11, 1998 ISSN 1225-505X * **.,.., 1960.... 1) ( ) 1896 3 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. 1), 14 1909 1,. 14 17 1913. 2)..,. ( ) ( ),. * 1998 (1998. 5. 7). ** 1).

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: : * Research Subject

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   : * Research Subject Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.91-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.91 : * Research Subject Trend Analysis on Educational Innovation with Network

More information

<31332EB1E8C1F6BFB52E687770>

<31332EB1E8C1F6BFB52E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 76 권제 2 호 2009 재발성류마티즘의예후인자로서의항 CCP 항체의유용성 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학 1 내과학교실, 2 진단검사의학교실, 3 의학통계학교실 김지영 1 박성훈 1 김성규 1 김상경 2 신임희 3 최정윤 1 Anti-CCP antibodies predict progression of palindromic rheumatism

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information